Framework Guidelines on Electricity System Operation

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Frammeworrk Guuidelines oon Electriicity SSysteem Operattion

FG-2011-E-003 2 Deecembeer 20111

TThis Document contains the Frameworkk Guidelinees on Eleectricity Syystem OOperation, wwhich the AAgency forr the Coopeeration of EEnergy Reggulators (ACCER) hhas prepareed pursuannt to Article 6 of Reguulation (EC)) No 713/2009 and onn the bbasis of the request froom the Euroopean Commmission.

Relatedd Documennts

ACER/CCEER/ERGEG documeents

 “Fraamework Guuidelines onn Electricity Grid Conneections”, 200 July 2011,, Ref: FG-20011-E-001; http://www.acer.europa.euu/portal/page/portal/ACCER_HOMEE/Public_Doocs/Acts%200of%20the %200Agency/Framework%20Guidelinee/Framewoork%20Guiddelines%20OOn%20Elecctricity%20GG rid%%20Connections/1107220_FGC_20011E001_FG_Elec_GrrConn_FINAAL.pdf

 “Fraamework Guuidelines onn Capacity AAllocation aand Congesstion Managgement for EElectricity”, 29 JJuly 2011, FFG-2011-E--002; http://www.acer.europa.euu/portal/page/portal/ACCER_HOMEE/Public_Doocs/Acts%200of%20the %200Agency/Framework%20Guidelinee/Framewoork_Guidelinnes_on_Cappacity_Alloccation_and__ Conngestion_M//FG-2011-EE-002%20(FFinal).pdf

 “ERRGEG Guideelines of Goood Practicee for Operattional Security in Electricity “, ERGGEG, 27. Novvember 2008, Ref. E088-ENM-02-004, http://wwww.energyreguulators.eu/pportal/page/pportal/EER__HOME/EEER_PUBLICCATIONS/CEER_PAPEERS/Electricc ity/22008/E08-ENM-02-04__GGP-OpS__2008-11-28.pdf

 “Impplementing the 3rd Pacckage: next steps”, CEER/ERGEGG, 18 June 22009, Ref. C09-GA-522- 06a, http://wwww.energyreguulators.eu/pportal/page/pportal/EER__HOME/EEER_PUBLICCATIONS/CEER_PAPEERS/Cross-- Secctoral/2009/CC09-GA-52-06a_Imlemmenting_3rddpackage_118-Jun-09.ppdf

 “Thee lessons too be learnedd from the laarge disturbbance in thee European power systtem on the th 4 oof Novembeer 2006”, ERRGEG, 7. February 20007, Ref. E07-BAG-01-005, http://wwww.energy-reguulators.eu/pportal/page/pportal/EER__HOME/EEER_PUBLICCATIONS/CEER_PAPEERS/Electricc ity/22007/E06-BAAG-01-06_Blackout-FiinalReport__2007-02-066.pdf

 ACEER Work Prrogramme 22011, http://www.acer.europa.euu/portal/page/portal/ACCER_HOMEE/The_Agenncy/Work_pprogramme/ ACEER%20Worrk%20Progrramme%202011.pdf

 Systtem Operattion, Initial Impact Asseessment, http://www.acer.europa.euu/portal/page/portal/ACCER_HOMEE/Stakeholder_involvemment/Publicc _connsultatationns/Closed_PPublic_Conssultations/PPC-05%20- %200FG%20on%%20Systemm%20Operaation/Consuultation_doccument/SO__IIA_150720011.pdf

Externaal Documents  Euroopean Commmission: mandate for sstarting the work in thee area of system operaation, Refeerence ENEER B2/MS/mmta/10749223, 22 Deceember 2010  Direective 2009//72/EC of thhe European Parliamennt and of thee Council oof 13 July 20009 conccerning commmon rules for the inteernal markett in electricity and repeealing Directive 2003/54/EC. http://eur-lex.euuropa.eu/LeexUriServ/LLexUriServ.ddo?uri=OJ:LL:2009:211:0055:00933:EN:PDF  Reggulation (ECC) No 713/2009 of the EEuropean PParliament aand of the CCouncil of 133 July 20099 estaablishing ann Agency forr the Coopeeration of Energy Reguulators. http://eur-lex.euuropa.eu/LeexUriServ/LLexUriServ.ddo?uri=OJ:LL:2009:211:0001:00144:EN:PDF  Direective 2008//114/EC on the identificcation and ddesignationn of Europeaan critical infraastructures and the asssessment oof the need tto improve ttheir protecction, 8 Deceember 2008. http://eur-lex.euuropa.eu/LeexUriServ/LLexUriServ.ddo?uri=OJ:LL:2008:345:0075:00822:EN:PDF

1 GGeneral Proovisions

1.1 Scope

These Frameworkk Guidelinees aim at setting oout clear aand objective principles for thee developpment of nnetwork codde(s) pursuuant to Artticle 6(2) oof Regulatioon (EC) No 714/20099 (hencefforth referreed to as the “Electricity Regulation”).

The nettwork codee(s) developped according to thesse Framewoork Guidelines will bee applied by electricity system ooperators annd significaant grid userrs, taking innto account possible puublic servicee obligatioons and without prejudice to thee regulatoryy regime forr cross-border issues pursuant too Article 338 of Directive 2009/722/EC (henceeforth referrred to as the “Electricitty Directive””) and to thee responssibilities andd powers off regulatoryy authoritiess establisheed accordingg to Article 37(6) of thee Electricity Directivee.

The nettwork code((s) will be eevaluated byy ACER, taaking into acccount theirr degree of f compliancee with theese Framewwork Guideelines and the fulfilment of the following oobjectives: maintainingg securityy of supply, supporting the compleetion and fuunctioning oof the internnal market in electricity and crooss-border ttrade, deliveering beneffits to the customers aand facilitating the EU’ss targets foor penetraation of reneewable geneeration.

The Fraamework GGuidelines ffocus on isssues of eleectric poweer system aand networrk operationn (hencefforth referreed to as “Syystem Operration”), covvering the aareas pursuuant to Articcle 8 (6) (a)), (d), (e), (f) of the Electricity Reegulation.

All Trannsmission SSystem Operators’ (TSSOs) actionns with reggard to systtem operattion within aa synchroonous area or between them couuld bear crross-border character due to laww of physicss. Ruleboooks on systtem operatiion already exist in thee different ssynchronouss areas, but the debatee with thee Expert Grooup revealed problemms that havee not been ttackled by tthese rules – prominennt examplee is the eveent on 4 Novvember 20006 – hencee, a more cooherent frammework is needed.

Table 1 below is aan importantt part of thee Initial Imppact Assesssment (IIA) ddocument aand displays the leveel of harmonnisation for each of thee System Opperation toppics.

Tabble 1: Levelss of harmonnisation (forr details refeer to IIA doccument)

The nettwork code(s) for Systtem Operattion shall elaborate onn relevant ssubjects thaat should bee coordinaated betweeen TSOs, as well aas betweenn TSOs and Distributtion Systemm Operatorrs (DSOs); and with ssignificant ggrid users, wwhere appliccable.

The nettwork code((s) for Systeem Operatioon shall enssure provisioon of an effficient functiioning of thee interconnnected trannsmission ssystems to ssupport all mmarket activvities.

1.2 Structuure

The bassis for the isssues coverred in thesee Frameworrk Guidelinees is the Inittial Impact AAssessmennt (IIA), especially thhe identified problemss, related objectives and preferrred policy options foor achievinng the objeectives and solving thhe problemss. Here wee provide aa brief summary of thee problemm identificattion, policy objectives and preferred policy options. TThese are eexplained inn more deetail in the rrelated IIA ddocument.

The debbate on Sysstem Operation problemms with the dedicated Expert Grouup revealedd specifically the groowing amouunt of distrributed andd intermitteent generattion capacity, influenccing systemm operatioon up to thee transmission networkk, and moree generally tthe increasing interdeppendence oof control aareas and bboth resultinng in the neeed for moree informatioon.

Therefoore, focus iss to be laid oon the threee key challeenges:  TTo define haarmonised ssecurity prinnciples;  TTo clarify annd harmonisse TSOs’ rooles, responnsibilities annd methods;; and  TTo enable and ensure aadequate daata exchangge.

The following objectives for thhese Frameework Guidelines weree set out, too address thhe identifiedd challengges:  TTo operate tthe electric power systeem in a safee, secure, eeffective andd efficient mmanner;  TTo enable thhe integratioon of innovaative technoologies;  TTo apply samme principlees for differeent systemss;  TTo make fulll use of infoormation and communication technologies in a safe wayy.

These FFramework Guideliness are structuured to coveer five mainn topics. Thhe Operatioonal Security embodiees some of f the core asspects of thhese Frameework Guideelines and wwill, for this purpose, bee deemedd as umbreella topic, ccovering higgh level prinnciples, proocedures and relationss while alsoo overarching the following moree detailed toopics:  OOperational Planning and Schedulling;  LLoad-Frequeency-Controol;  SStaff Traininng and Certiification;  EEmergency and Restorration. It is exppected that some strattegic issuess will furtheer evolve ovver the comming years (e.g. due too higher proportion of RES, higher demaand responssiveness, ddevelopmennt of new ttechnologies related i.a. to storaage), whichh will impactt system opperation. Thherefore, a separate ssection, Neww Applicattions, addreesses the need for an aappropriatee flexibility oof the netwoork code(s) iin relation too innovatiion in electrric power syystem operaation, mainttenance andd control.

The struucture and the developpment flow of these Frramework GGuidelines aare presentted in Figuree 2 beloww.

Keey Challennges Objeectives Topiccs

Figuree 2: Structuure and devvelopment flow of the FFramework GGuidelines on Electricity System Operatioon

Hence, the provisioons in these Framewoork Guidelinnes on minimum standdards and reequirements for Systtem Operatiion are orgaanised arouund the folloowing topicss and prioritties:

PPriority 1 oo Topic 1: Operationaal Security

PPriority 2 oo Topic 2: Operationaal Planning and Scheduuling oo Topic 3: Load-Frequuency-Conttrol oo Topic 4: Staff Trainiing and Cerrtification oo Topic 5: Emergencyy and Restooration

PPriority 3 oo New Appplications

EEach topic iss presentedd in a table, characterissed by the ffollowing asspects: oo Scope and Objectivves oo Criteria oo Methodoology and Tools oo Roles annd Responssibilities oo Informattion Exchannge oo Implemeentation Issuues

1.3 Links aand dependdencies

There iss close inteerrelationshhip betweenn issues related to Syystem Operration, grid connectionn, cross-boorder capacity alloccation andd congestioon managgement, grrid development andd maintennance, obliggations for ddata provisiion and thee functioningg of balanciing and resserve poweer

marketss. In draftinng the netwwork code((s) the European Network of EElectricity TTransmission Operatoors for Electtricity (ENTSSO-E) shouuld take intoo considerattion, at leasst, the followwing existingg requiremments and pproposed seeparation of issues in ddrafting the network coode(s):

 GGrid conneection - Issuues affectinng mainly syystem operaators, with less role for grid userss, aare addressed in thesee Frameworrk Guidelinees. Issues innvolving thee active parrticipation by ggrid users are mainlyy addresseed in the Frameworkk Guidelinees on Elecctricity Gridd CConnectionss (EGC FG)).

 CCross-bordder capacity allocatioon and conngestion mmanagemennt - Issues dealing withh thhe integratiion, coordinnation and harmonisaation of conngestion maanagementt regimes in oorder to facilitate cross--border elecctricity tradee are addressed in the Frameworkk Guidelines oon Capacityy Allocationn and Conngestion Managementt for Electrricity (CACCM FG). Ann eexception iss the techniccal aspectss of scheduling and daate interopeerability which are dealt wwith in thesee Frameworrk Guidelinees.

 BBalancing aand reservee power markets - Isssues dealingg with the inntegration, ccoordination aand harmonnisation of balancing and reseerve power markets are addresssed in thee FFramework Guidelines on Electriccity Balancinng (EB FG)). Nonetheleess, optimissing the usee oof reserve ppower and balancing, and integrrating balanncing and rreserve powwer markets reequire a strong coordination betwween TSOss operating the systemm and may necessitatee aan improvedd operationnal cooperation in termms of load-ffrequency-ccontrol and operationaal pplanning annd scheduling, which should be taken into considerattion when drafting thee reelevant netwwork code(ss).

 NNetwork deevelopment and mainntenance -- The requirement forr ENTSO-E to producee nnon-binding Communitty-wide andd regional ten-year neetwork devvelopment pplan(s) (EUU- TTYNDP) in aaccordancee with Articlee 8 of the Electricity Reegulation annd for TSOss to producee nnational ten year netwoork developpment plan((s) (N-TYNDP) in accoordance witth Article 222 oof the Electrricity Directive.

 OObligationss for data provision - there arre several pieces of existing annd proposedd leegislation wwhich place obligationss for data provision on system operators and significannt ggrid users. TThese Frammework Guiidelines deaal primarily with the shharing of daata between ssystem opeerators and between ssystem opeerators andd significantt grid usersrs to ensuree ooperational security, for operationaal planning and scheduling and too enable TSSOs within aa ssynchronouss area to haave a compplete view oof the real-tiime status oof (the relevvant part off) thhe transmisssion netwoork within thaat synchronnous area inn all operatiing states.

Issues wwhich are reelevant to mmore than oone Framewwork Guidelines are ass a minimumm mentionedd in all thhe relevant Framework Guidelinees and speecified in more detail wwhere neceessary. This approacch, in the innterests of completeneess and claarity on important issuees, may ressult in somee duplicattion amongsst different Frameworkk Guideliness.

In draftting the rellevant netwwork code(ss) ENTSO--E shall ennsure that they are aappropriately coherennt and comppatible.

1.4 Definittions

For the purposes of these Framework GGuidelines, the definittions contaiined in Article 2 of thee Electricity Directivee and Articlee 2 of the EElectricity RRegulation shall apply. WWithin that context, thee terms ‘nnetwork’, ‘system’ or ‘ggrid’ refer to both trannsmission aand distributtion. Wheree applicablee, the diffeerence is explicitly emphasised. The followwing definiitions are iintended too clarify thee provisioons of thesee Frameworrk Guidelinees and are wwithout prejudice to deefinitions inccluded in thee networkk code(s).

 AAlert Operrating Statee – an opeerating statee of the poower systemm which enntails that aall ddemand is met and that the frequency, vooltage and load flows are within the definedd ttechnically permitted limits/thressholds, but not all resserve marggins’ requirrements aree ffulfilled andd disturbannces (unplaanned outaages) couldd lead to ffurther deteerioration oof ssystem staate. In this operating state, the power systtem is stabble and all operationaal reserves (ttransmission capacitiees and remmedial actioons) are mmobilised. TThere is noo sspecific time frame forr the systemm to return from this opperating staate to normmal operatingg sstate.

 AAncillary SServices -- services necessary to supporrt transmisssion of eleectric poweer between geeneration annd load, maaintaining aa satisfactorry level of ooperational ssecurity andd wwith a satissfactory quuality of supply. The main elemeents of anccillary serviices includee aactive and rreactive powwer reservees for balanncing powerr and voltagge control. AActive poweer reserves include autommatically annd manuallyy activated reserves annd are usedd to achievee instantaneoous physicaal balance between geeneration aand demandd. Further elements oof aancillary seervices mayy include bllack-start, inertial respponse, trip tto houseloaad, spinningg reserve andd islanding capability. In the libeeralised maarket, manyy ancillary sservices aree ccontracted by TSOs froom selectedd grid userss that qualifyy for providing these seervices.

 Balancing - all the acttions and activities perrformed by a TSO in oorder to ensure that in aa control areea total eleectricity withhdrawals (iincluding loosses) are equalled bby the totaal injections in a continuous way, in order tto maintainn the systeem frequenncy within aa predefined stability rannge.

 Blackout –– a state oof the poweer system ccharacteriseed by partiial or total absence oof vvoltage in the transmmission powwer systemm with conssequences abroad annd triggeringg TSOs restooration plans. A blackoout can be partial (if a part of thee system is affected) oor ttotal (if the whole sysstem is collapsed). Froom this staate, restorattion is undeertaken withh sstepwise reeenergising and resyncchronising oof the powerr system.

 CCommon GGrid Model – a compuutational moodel of the ggrid which, as a minimum, shall bee ssuitable foor EU-wide applicatioon and covver an areea approprriate for thhe capacity ccalculation method ussed, at leasst the synchhronous areea. The commmon grid model shall include a ddetailed deescription oof the transsmission network, inccluding the location oof ggeneration units and ddemand as well as thee configurattion of all swwitchable oor adjustablee eelements.

 CControl Arrea - a coheerent part off a synchronnous area, operated by a single TTSO (controol aarea respoonsible), phhysically deelimited by the powerr interexchange meteering pointss, providing looad-frequenncy-control and ancillaary servicess to physicaal loads andd generationn units conneected.

 CCritical Opperating Sttate – an ooperating sstate of thee power sysstem entailing that thee ssystem seccurity consttraints are violated, thhere are nno measurees left and any furtheer ddisturbancee (e.g. unpplanned outage) can lead to a system brreakdown oor blackoutt. Furthermorre, automatiic load sheddding mightt have beenn applied too some degree and thaat ffurther loss of generatiion or parts of networkk may occurr.

 Distributioon System OOperator (DDSO) – seee System Opperators

 GGrid Userss – all userss connectedd to the transmission orr distributionn grids.

 Interconneection - linee (circuit) oor a set of lines (circuits) betweeen two conttrol areas oor between twwo different synchronouus areas; aan interconnnection betwween two ccontrol areas ccan be an AAC or a DCC one, wherreas an inteerconnectionn between ttwo synchroonous areas ccan only bee a DC one or a back-too-back convverter statioon.

 Load-Frequency-Conntrol – aimss at maintaaining balannce between generatioon and loadd, measured bby the quality of frequeency (i.e. keeeping freqquency as cclose as posssible to thee nominal vaalue). Loadd-frequencyy-control coonsists of manually aactivated (e.g. tertiarry ccontrol in EENTSO-E CContinental Europe) and automattically activvated (e.g. primary andd ssecondary ccontrol in EENTSO-E Coontinental EEurope) conntrol actionss.

 New Grid UUsers – gridd users not consideredd as pre-exiisting grid users.

 Nominal FFrequency – 50.00 HHz. Outsidee exceptionnal periodss for the ccorrection oof ddeviations recorded between electrical clocks following syystem freqquency andd aastronomicaal (UTC) timme, the set--point or schheduled freqquency coinncides with the nominaal ffrequency.

 Normal Opperating State – an opperating staate of the ellectric poweer system eentailing thaat aall generation and loadd are in balance, requiirements onn ancillary sservices andd framework cconditions aare met. Moreover in the normal l operating state frequency, voltagge and loadd fflows are wwithin their predefined and allowed technicaal limits and reserve mmargins aree ssufficient.

 OOperating State – the conditions of eleectric poweer system in real-timme and aree ccharacteriseed by the ddegree of fuulfilment of operational security ccriteria. There are threee ooperating sstates (normmal, alert aand critical). When thee power syystem is retturning fromm aalert or critiical operatinng state, it iss in restoration.

 OOperationaal Planningg and Scheeduling - activities andd tasks whiich are conducted prioor tto real-timee operation. These activities includde preparattion of scheedules for exxchanges oof power acrooss controll area bordders and pplanning wwithin controol areas, ttransmissionn capacity caalculations, ppreparationn of re-dispaatch measures where aapplicable, ccoordinationn oof protection settings, plannedd outages (maintenaance) and any neceessary gridd ttopology/coonfiguration changes.

 OOperationaal Security – a measuure of the electric poweer system ooperational parameterss’ aagainst thee defined normal opeerating connditions annd of the eelectric powwer systemm ccapability to return too the normaal operatingg state as soon as possible. Seecurity limits ddefine the aacceptable ooperating bboundaries ((thermal, vooltage and sstability limitts).

 Pre-existinng Grid Useers – grid uusers conneected to thee transmission or distriibution gridds before entrry into forcee of the firrst release of networkk code(s) ddeveloped aaccording too tthese Frammework Guiddelines.  Restoration – a trannsition fromm the alert and criticaal operatingg states to the normaal ooperating sstate. Durinng restorattion after aa major dissturbance or supply interruptionn, ddemand is re-connecteed at a pacce which thee restored nnetwork andd generatioon resources ccan accommmodate.  SSecurity AAnalysis – aanalysis to determine tthe operatioonal securitty ex ante oor during thee real-time opperation. Seecurity anallyses includde e.g. conttingency annalyses, which computee tthe impact of unplanned outagess on operattional securrity, accordiing to relevvant securityty criteria, using load-floww algorithmm, voltage sstability anaalyses (steaady state orr transients)), eetc.  SSecurity CCriteria – reequirementss and frameework for thhe electric power systtem securityty control.  SSecurity CControl – coontrol actioons aiming to maintainn the powerr system inn the normaal ooperating sstate or as cclose as poossible to thhe normal ooperating sttate, contribbuting to thee maintenancce of the opperational ssecurity. In the event oof security degradationn, it aims aat returning thhe system as close, ffast and effficiently as possible too the normal operatingg sstate.  SSignificantt Grid Userrs – pre-exxisting grid uusers and nnew grid ussers which aare deemedd ssignificant on the bassis of their impact on the cross border sysstem perforrmances viaa influence onn the controol area’s security of suppply including provisionn of ancillarry services.  SSynchronoous Area –– an intercconnected electric poower systemm, characteerised by aa ccommon opperating freqquency andd implemented as a seet of synchroonously inteerconnectedd ttransmissioon networkss (control arereas)  SSystem Opperators –– the Transsmission Syystem Opeerator (TSOO) and the Distributionn System Opperator (DSOO), in their roles and rresponsibilitties to implement and enforce thee relevant neetwork codee(s). This tterm refers also (wheen written in normal ccase) to thee ooperating staff at the ccontrol roomm, e.g. contrrol engineerrs and shift leaders.  SSystem Operation –– all activities for opeerating an electric poower systemm, includingg ssecurity, coontrol and quality in terms of rrelevant tecchnical stanndards, principles andd proceduress, but also thhe synchronnous operattion of interconnected power systeems.  SSystem Prrotection - all measures (activateed automatically and mmanually) too prevent oor minimise daamage to thhe environmment (i.e. peersons, nature, busineess, etc.) caaused by thee ffailures and/or unplanned outagges in the electric ppower systeem and too protect its ffunctioning and commponents. System prrotection aalso includes speciall protection sschemes.  TTransmisssion Systemm Operatorr (TSO) – ssee System Operator

 TTransmisssion Capaccity Calculaation – thee determinaation of thee cross-bordder capacity aavailable too the markett, based upon the elecctrical and physical reallities of the network.

All definnitions and tterms are inn italic appliied throughout the doccument.

1.5 Application

The nettwork codee(s) shall esstablish minimum stanndards andd requiremeents relatedd to Systemm Operatioon. In devveloping thee network code(s) ENNTSO-E shhould take into considderation thee rulebooks on Systtem Operation that already exisst for each synchronoous area. TThe networrk codes oon system ooperation shall be draffted with duue attentionn to the netwwork code amendmennt processs. In particular, ENTSSO-E shall ensure thaat where ppossible thee rules aree sufficiently generic to facilitatee incrementtal innovatioon in technologies andd approaches to system operation being coovered withhout requirinng code amendments.

The nettwork code(s) shall take precedeence over the relevantt national ccodes and iinternationaal standarrds and reggulations, wwithout prejuudice to thee Member States’ righht to establish nationaal rules whhich do not affect crosss-border traade. Wheree there are proven bennefits, and iff compatiblee with thee provisionss of the netwwork code(ss), any national codes, standardss and regulaations which are morre detailed oor more stringent than the networkk code(s) shhould retainn their applicability.

Where the minimuum standarrds and reqquirements, introducedd by the neetwork codee(s) deviatee significaantly from thhe current sstandards and requiremments, theree should bee a cost-bennefit analysis performmed by ENTSO-E that justifies this deviation aand demonsstrates addiitional beneefits from thee proposeed standardd or requiremment.

The cosst-benefit aanalysis shoould be proovided to sstakeholderss when ENNTSO-E connsult on thee networkk code(s). TThe cost-benefit analyssis should bbe submitteed to ACERR alongside the networrk code(s) and will be taken intto consideraation by ACCER in prooviding its oopinion on the networrk code(s).

1.6 Roles aand responnsibilities

The nettwork code((s) shall apply to systeem operatorrs and all significant gs grid users already, or too be, connnected to tthe transmission or distribution nnetwork. Anny grid useer not deemmed to be aa significaant grid useer shall not ffall under thhe requirements of the network code(s).

For the purpose off these Frammework Guidelines DSSOs shall bee treated ass grid userss where they have to comply witth the TSO’’s requiremeents in the network code(s). Theyy are treated as systemm operatoors where thhey implemeent networkk code(s) prrovisions wiith respect tto significannt grid userrs connectted to the distribution system or in undertaking syystem operration actioons. Unless otherwisse stated, reeference too DSO implied DSO as grid user.

The appproach to eestablishingg significantt grid userss is set outt in the Fraamework Guuidelines onn Electricity Grid Coonnections,, and relevvant detailss shall be set out inn the netwwork code(ss) developped accordinng to the Frramework GGuideline onn Electricity Grid Conneections.

1.7 Derogaations

For minnimum standards and requiremennts that imppact on signnificant gridd users, thee derogation processs set out iin the Frammework Guuidelines oon Electricitty Grid Coonnections, and to bee establisshed in the nnetwork codde(s) develooped accorddingly, shall apply.

For sysstem operattors there shall be no ppossibility ffor a derogaation from tthe requiremments of thee networkk code(s) deeveloped acccording to these Frammework Guiddelines.

The nettwork code((s) may staate that the provided reequirementts are not aapplicable foor a specific system operator orr a group off system operators (e.gg. an isolateed system oor a synchroonous area)). These ccases must be duly jusstified by ENNTSO-E.

1.8 Adaptaation of exiisting arranngements tto the netwwork code(ss)

System operators aand relevannt significannt grid userss shall amennd all relevaant clauses in contracts and/or aall relevant clauses in general terms and coonditions in accordance with the tterms of thee networkk code(s) oon System OOperation. The relevaant clauses shall be aamended within a fixedd time limmit after enttry into forcce of the neetwork codee(s), defineed in the neetwork codee(s), but noot exceediing three yeears. This reequirement shall applyy regardlesss of whether the relevaant contracts or geneeral terms annd conditionns provide ffor such ammendment.

The nettwork code((s) shall proovide a trannsition timee within which system operators aand relevannt significaant grid useers have to apply the new standaards and reequirementss. The transsition periodd shall bee consultedd on with rrelevant staakeholders. In generall the transiition period should noot exceed two years. Different trransition peeriods for coompliance ccan be set for new griid users andd for pre-eexisting gridd users andd also for diffferent minimmum standards and reequirementss.

2 MMinimum SStandards and Requuirements for System Operation

The keyy topics of SSystem Opeeration coveer diverse aactivities acrross varyingg ranges of the timelinee and invvolve differeent level off detail. Opperational SSecurity inccludes overrlaying issuues such as securityy principle, vvoltage conntrol, short ccircuit currents and anggle stability. Other topics are moree specific and go furrther into deetail: Operaational Plannning and SScheduling aare activitiees and tasks conductted prior to the real-timme operation and include outage sscheduling, day aheadd congestion forecastt (DACF) and intradday/extendeed real-timme contingeency analyysis (whichh could bee complemmented with other ssecurity annalyses e.gg. voltage stability annalysis), buut also thee commercial and TSSO scheduling processses. Load-FFrequency-CControl covvers all conttrol aspectss, namely primary, secondary aand tertiary control. Sttaff Trainingg and Certification deeals with thee specific human reesource reqquirements for the operating sttaff. Emerggency and Restorationn includess awarenesss of the sysstem operaating states, defence pllans and reestoration off the systemm after a major disturbance or aa blackout, but also thhe analysess of events afterwards.. Finally, thee issue off New Appllications is concerned with future developmeents impactting Systemm Operationn, but due to the strattegic, long-tterm aspectt it remains less detaileed.

Figure 33 below shoows the keyy topics of SSystem Opeeration and ttheir relevant temporall ranges.

tiime 1yy 1m 1d real-timee affter lla bre Operatioonal Secuurity m u Operationall Planning & Scheduuling Loadd-Frequency-Control ils ta e Staff TTraining & Certificatioon d Emerggency & Reestoration New Appplications

Figuure 3: Key SSystem Opeeration topiccs in time

Generaal System OOperation CCharacterisstics

Scope aand Achievinng and maintaining noormal functiooning of thee power sysstem with aa Objectives: satisfactory level oof security and qualityy of supplyy, as well as efficientt utilisatioon of infrastructure andd resources. Criteriaa: The neetwork codde(s) shall provide ccriteria (performance indicators)) against which thee quality off System OOperation ccan be moonitored. Inn particulaar, adequatte criteria sshould be proposed ffor securityy of supply,, quality of supply aand for thee quality off the data delivered aas input forr congesttion managgement in comparisonn with the effective use of thee transmisssion system represennted by real--time data. The nettwork code(s) shall fooresee the publication of a yearlyy report byy ENTSOO-E on the eevolution off system opperation perrformance. This reportt shall prrovide a deetailed asssessment oof the perfoormance per country,, including the seleccted performmance criteria and theeir evolutionn over time.. The formmat and conntent of the report shall be approvved by ACER. Methoddology and The neetwork code(s) shall define common prinnciples, reqquirements,, Tools: standardds and proccedures within synchroonous areass throughouut the EU. Networkk code(s) shhall be in linne with expperiences, bbest known operationall practicees and lessoons learnt frrom experieences. No provvision in thee network code(s) shaall prevent market arrrangementss being ussed for the provision and use of ancillary servvices. Roles aand In additiion to provissions set ouut in Chapteer 1.6 the nnetwork code(s) shouldd Responnsibilities: further cclarify the rroles and reesponsibilities related to System Operation,, especiaally considering differences in thee tasks of TTSOs and DDSOs (e.g.. caused by national obligationss). Informaation The nettwork code(s) shall deefine a harmmonised standard for timing andd Exchannge: content of informattion (real-timme and othher) betweeen TSOs annd/or DSOss within EENTSO-E ass well as ouutside of ENNTSO-E, whhere applicaable. The nettwork code(s) shall seet the requirement for DSOs to eexecute thee instructions given bby the TSOss. Further,, the networrk code(s) sshall define for every siignificant grrid user  whichh information it is obligged to proviide to the TTSO or DSO that, it iss conneected to, annd how this data shall bbe provided,  requirrements to be able to receive andd to execute the instruuctions sentt by thee TSO and/or DSO to ensurre the operaational secuurity of the ssystem. The TSOO and the DDSO shall aagree how tthese instruuctions are ddelivered inn practicee. This appllies also for those DSSOs conneccted to another DSO’ss networkk. Obligation for data delivery: The signnificant gridd users are obliged to pprovide the TSOs with informationn requiredd for Systemm Operationn. The netwwork code(ss) should laay down thee necessaary enforceement meaasures in ccase of noon-compliannce of thee significaant grid ussers with thhis obligatioon. The TSSOs are oobliged andd entitled to exchangge the informmation provvided by significant gridd users withh other TSTSOs for reaasons of opperational ssecurity. In doing that, the TSOss should ffully respecct data proteection laws and regulaation, most notably thee requiremment of nott disclosing the receiveed data to aany markett participantt but onlyy to the affeected and rresponsible TSOs. Sysstem operaators shouldd

be allowwed to esstablish an equally reeliable andd credible informationn exchangge regime by consideering other data sources in a moore efficientt way. Networkk codes shhall set outt the transpparency requirements for TSO’ss actions with a significant impaact to markeet functioninng and to eensure non-discrimination betwween grid ussers. Implemmentation The nettwork code(s) shall bee elaboratedd and be mmodified in a coherentt Issues:: and coordinated wway, takingg into acccount forthccoming chaanges andd challengges causedd by increaasing crosss-border exxchanges, cchanges inn technoloogy and soccio-econommic developmments.

Topic 11: Operational Securitty

Scope aand Ensuring – on a high level – coherennt and coordinated beehaviour off Objectives: interconnnected trannsmission nnetworks annd power syystems in eeach controll area annd between control areeas under nnormal operration state,, in alert ass well as in critical opperating staates. Achievinng and maaintaining aa satisfactoory level of operationnal securityy allowingg for efficieent utilisatiion of the power syystem and resources,, including, but noot limited to, the neecessary iinputs to congestionn manageement and bbalancing. Avoidingg further ddeteriorationn of operaational secuurity in casses, wheree securityy constraintss are violateed and sysstems are not in normaal operatingg state. Criteriaa: The neetwork codde(s) shall provide ccriteria (performance indicators)) against which the OOperational Security caan be monittored. Methoddology and The meethodology used in thee network ccode(s) shaall be fully ttransparentt and oblligate the TTSOs relevvant to the matter to cooperate in relevantt

Tools:

issues. The networrk code(s) sshall definee:  Coherent minimmum securitty criteria, which aree mandatorry within aa synchhronous areea;  Operaational secuurity rules, which shall be alignedd as far as technicallyy possibble and ecoonomically beneficial thhroughout tthe EU, irreespective off synchhronous areea borders;  Approopriate minnimum technical andd organisattional stanndards andd requirrements applicable forr operationaal security, covering ee.g. aspectss of staate estimattion; securirity analysees, data exxchange annd SCADAA (Supeervisory Conntrol and Daata Acquisittion) systemms;  Roless and responsibilities of TSOs aand significcant grid uusers in alll operaating states,, including aactions to bee taken;  Coorddination reqquirements with other TSOs andd other signnificant gridd userss;  Requirements in relation to the relevannt system paarameters, criteria andd technical aspectts in order to contribute to opperational ssecurity, inn particcular referrinng to: - Seccurity criteriaa (e.g. contingency anaalysis); - Norrmal vs. alerrt vs. criticaal operating state; - Freqquency andd voltage paarameters; - Reqquirements for voltage and reactivve power maanagement; - Shoort-circuit cuurrent requirrements, prrovisions annd coordinattion; - Rotoor angle staability requirrements, prrovisions annd coordination; - Reqquirements for coordinaation and innformation oon protectioon settings. The deffinitions of operationall security reequirementss shall alwaays includee the esseential aspecct of need foor security oof persons aand goods. In ordeer to perfoorm efficiennt and effeective operrational plaanning andd transmisssion capaccity calculation, it is esssential thaat the netwoork code(s)) provide for a uniquue timing and contentss of the commmon grid model andd harmonised scheduule for indivvidual TSO ddata exchange. The neetwork codee(s) shall also contain all the necessary provisionss

applicabble to signnificant gridd users thaat are connected to distributionn networkks, so far aas they affeect the opeerational seecurity of thhe network. . These pprovisions sshall be agreed upon by the TSOOs and the concernedd DSOs ((i.e. in ordeer to ensurre applicabiility for the significant t grid userss connectted at DSOO level, in wwhich casee the DSOss has an obligation too submit the positivve results oof the conducted commpliance teests to thee TSOs). To achiieve cohereent and coordinated bbehaviour oof, particulaarly but nott limited tto, each synnchronous area underr alert operaating statess as well ass in emerrgency opeerating stattes the neetwork codee(s) shall provide forr TSOs` ccoordinationn in terms oof joint remeedial and resstoration acction plans. Roles aand The nettwork code((s) should aaim at a minnimum set of operationnal securityy Responnsibilities: provisioons that musst be met byy any affectted TSO, DDSOs or signnificant gridd user. TSOs’ ccoordinated remedial aaction planss including ccost sharingg principless shall bee submitted to national regulatory aauthorities ((NRAs) for approval. Informaation The nettwork code((s) shall deffine the timiing and conntent of dataa exchangee betweenn TSOs, aamong TSOOs and DSSOs, betweeen TSOs//DSOs andd

Exchannge:

significaant users annd among aadjacent DSSOs for:  The ccommon gridd model;  Issues related too secure sysstem operattion, such aas detectionn of securityy criteriia violation;  Real-ttime informmation on network cconfigurationn and thee status off signifificant grid ussers;  Matteers of signifficance for the security of supplyy, such as informationn from TSOs reggarding when they ccan no lonnger comply with ann operaational secuurity provisioon (i.e. real--time and mmid-term). Implemmentation The network codee(s) must cconsider exxisting diffeerences in operationall Issues:: securityy requirements betweeen the synchhronous areeas and heence, definee the procedure for smooth annd undisturrbed transition to a hharmonisedd state. TThe networkk code(s) shall list all links necesssary from operationall securityy perspective to other reelevant netwwork code(ss).

Topic 22: Operational Planninng and Schheduling

Scope aand Ensuring coherentt and coorddinated behhaviour of ttransmission networkss Objectives: and powwer systemss in preparaation of real-time operaation. Achievinng and maintaining a ssatisfactoryy level of opperational ssecurity andd efficientt utilisation oof the poweer system annd resourcees. Criteriaa: The neetwork codde(s) shall provide ccriteria (performance indicators)) against which the OOperational Planning aand Scheduling can be monitored. The network code(s) shall define:

Methoddology and

Tools:  Princiiples, requirrements andd methodology for: - Perfforming seccurity analyyses (continngency anaalysis, voltaage stabilityy anaalysis, etc.) at each reelevant staage of operrational plaanning. Thee provvisions shall ensure thhat System Operation meets secuurity criteriaa undder any simmulated operating connditions coonsistent wiith securityy asseessment, aand that thhe operatioon of the interconneccted controll areaas is not jeoopardised; - Statte estimatioon, to be immplementedd as requirred for suppporting thee security controol and maintaining the operationnal securityy, includingg periiodical (with sufficienttly short timme periodss) checks iin order too ensure a coonsistent aand errorleess input data set for otherr commputations like load-flowws, securityy analyses, etc; - Determining thhe specificc reliability margin, reequired to cope withh unccertainties relevant to System Opperation, annd which unncertaintiess are covered byy the reliabbility marginn. Consistenncy betweeen reliabilityy marrgins for syystem operaation and trransmissionn capacity ccalculationss shall be ensureed; - Prevvention andd/or remedyy of disturbaances and blackouts oon incidentss whicch can afffect neighbbouring conntrol areass or the syynchronouss areaas; - Schheduling plaanned outaages and relevant mmaintenancee works off trannsmission nnetwork, siggnificant geeneration aand DSOs’’ elements,, incluuding a cooordinated and agreeed (amongg the affeccted TSOs)) scheeduling process for lonng-term andd short-termm planning; - Enssuring accesss to an adequate leveel of ancillarry services (e.g. activee andd reactive ppower reserrves, balanccing powerr) in real-timme to meett security criteriaa and the rrequirementts set at syynchronous area level,, for eeach operational plannning stage; - Calcculation of rrequiremennts on differeent categorries of contrrol reservess withh the aim too optimise tthese requirrements witthin synchroonous areaa to mmeet the seccurity criteriia with minimmum costs;; - Excchange of aancillary seervices acrooss interconnections iin terms off techhnical princiiples; - Cooordination oof reactive power conntrol with siignificant crross-borderr impact; - Cooordination of shortt circuit current between TSOs att interconnectionns; - Cooordination oof commissioning and entering innto operatioon of activee andd reactive ppower contrrol network elements with significcant cross-bordder impact. In particulaar, reactive power conntrol elemennts installedd

at eeach end of cross-border lines shaall be coordiinated;  Obligaation for data delivery  See Infoormation Exchange.  In relation to thhe CACM FG and tthe respecttive network code(s),, principles and reequirementss for the impplementatioon and operration of thee transmmission cappacity calcuulation methhods at the different timme frames.. In thiss respect, tthe coherence betweeen the prepparation of a commonn grid mmodel and the assessment of rellevant reliability margins shall bee ensurred. Speciffically, reliaability marggin calculattions shall take intoo considderation all pertinent assumpttions madee in due course off prepaaration of tthe commoon grid moodel and transmissioon capacityy calcullation in oorder to coope with mmodel/methhod inaccuracies andd relevaant uncertaiinties efficieently. The neetwork code(s) shall foresee thhat the TSSOs coorddinate theirr

Roles aand

Responnsibilities: operatioonal planninng activities at regional, synchronoous area annd EU levell – as tecchnically neecessary annd within thhe most apppropriate eentities – inn order too ensure meeting the objectives oof secure SSystem Opeeration andd applyingg the most aappropriatee measures to prevent and/or remeedy systemm disturbaances. The nettwork code(s) shall deescribe - foor the differrent time frames - thee

Informaation

Exchannge: principlees for exchhange of aall necessaary informaation betweeen systemm operators to handlle the differrent planninng and schheduling acctivities in aa coordinaated and coooperative manner. Thhis includess all necesssary data too construcct a proper synchronouus area-wide common grid model.. TSOs shall be provvided with uup-to-date innformation on the deveelopment off grid coomponents and confiiguration, aalso by significant ggrid users, , especiaally as regarrds plannedd and unplaanned outagges and theeir technicall ability too provide anncillary servvices; Implemmentation The nettwork code((s) for Operrational Plannning and SScheduling are relatedd Issues:: to the CCACM FG and EB FG, and the resspective network code(s); thence,, the overrlapping isssues shall bee dealt withh consistenccy.

Topic 33: Load-Freequency-Coontrol

Scope aand Real-timme operatioon of an eelectric powwer network requires a balancee Objectives: betweenn generatioon and loaad, whereass deviationns impact tthe systemm frequency. Hence,, Load-Frequency-Conntrol is a core task of Systemm Operatioon, with thee main featuures:  Ensurring coherent and coorrdinated beehaviour of ttransmissioon networkss and ppower systems in real-ttime operatiion;  Achieeving and mmaintaining a satisfactoory level of frequency quality andd efficieent utilisation of the powwer system and resourrces. The keyy criteria forr the adequuacy and efffectivenesss of the loadd-frequencyy

Criteriaa:

control shall be the quality off frequencyy, in terms of range off frequencyy deviatioons from the nominal value and how often within a deefined timee period these deviattions occur.. Criteria shall be defined in terms of technical nneeds, takking markett requiremments in due consideraation. Methoddology and The network code(s) on system operationn provide a set of basicc frequencyy Tools: and acttive power control requirementss (i.e. ensuuring that ccomparablee conditioons apply foor all significant grid ussers and foor all controol areas) ass far as teechnically ppossible andd economically beneficcial throughoout the EU,, irrespecctive of syynchronous area bordders. These should rrespect thee interactioons betweeen load freequency conntrol, balancing mechaanisms andd intraday markets. AA detailed, ccommon sppecification of these reequirementss should apply for the EU mainland, but is not neccessarily appplicable too ‘small issolated sysstems’, as described in Article 22.26 of thee Electricityy Directivee as well as to ssmall syncchronous areas withh a weakk interconnnection - network ccode(s) shhall define these lattter areas,, exclusivvely applicable as regaards technical System OOperation sscope. The network code(s) shall define:  Definitions of the various termms used in relation to lload-frequeency-controll withinn the differeent synchroonous areaas (e.g. priimary, secoondary andd tertiarry control in ENTSOO-E Continnental Europe or mmanual andd autommatic reservves in ENTSSO-E Nord);  Technnical featurees of differeent levels oof load-frequuency-contrrol in termss of timmeframes, reserve poower used and the rreaction timmes in thee differeent synchroonous areass;  Frequuency qualitty criteria;  Approopriate minimum standdards and reequirementss applicablee to systemm operaators and ssignificant ggrid users - so as too monitor, ccontrol andd securre each synnchronous aarea’s operaation and mminimise devviation fromm nominnal frequenncy resultingg from imbbalance bettween geneeration andd demaand;  Requirements foor the systemm operatorss with regarrd to implemmentation off e.g. ccontrollablee generationn, load characterisation and deemand sidee manaagement. For crosss-border uusage of loaad-frequenccy-control reeserves (e.gg. usage off secondaary and teertiary conttrol in ENTTSO-E Conntinental EEurope) thee operatioonal planninng and schheduling prrovisions frrom these Frameworkk Guidelinnes shall appply too. Roles aand The nettwork code(s) shall fooresee that the TSOs coordinate their load--

Responnsibilities: frequency-control aactivities at regional, ssynchronouss area and EU level –– as technically neccessary andd within thee most apppropriate entities – inn order too ensure meeeting the oobjectives aand applyingg the most aappropriatee measurees to prevent and/or reemedy systeem disturbaances. Informaation The network codee(s) shall ddescribe thee principless for exchaange of alll Exchannge: necessaary informattion betweeen System Operators tto handle the differentt load-frequency-conntrol activitiees in a coorrdinated andd cooperative manner.. This inccludes lesssons learnt from the eevent of 4 Novemberr.2006 (seee ‘related documentss’). Implemmentation The appplication of mminimum sttandards annd requiremments to signnificant gridd Issues:: users ppredating network codde(s) implementation should be defined inn terms off both cost-benefit and organisatioonal analysis. The neetwork codee(s) for Looad-Frequeency-Controol are related to thee Framewwork Guidelines and network code(s) on Eleectricity Balancing andd hence, tthe overlapping issuess shall be haarmonised.

Topic 44: Staff Training and CCertificatioon

Scope aand The transmission system opperators woorking at coontrol roomms must bee Objectives: properlyy trained to make decisions inn ensuring secure annd efficientt networkk operation. The aim iss to develoop and mainntain the trransmissionn system operators’ sskills adequuately. Commoon training pprinciples annd standardds – and finaally certificaation – shalll enable bbetter cooperation andd coordinatioon up to European leveel. The ceertification shall exteend to thee TSO orrganisation and leadd transmisssion system operatorss in charge (control rooom shift staff). Where appropriatee, and to improve joint underrstanding oof commonn processses TSOs sshall invite DSOs andd significant grid userrs (such ass generators) to participate in thhe training. Criteriaa: The key criteria ffor Staff TTraining andd Certificattion shall iinclude thee followingg:  Contrrol room staaff has suffficient skillss to maintain the secuure networkk operaation at all times and in different neetwork condditions.  The transmissioon system operatorss concerneed have appropriatee knowlledge of maarket effectss and sufficcient skills iin English laanguage too carry out theirr tasks inn cooperation with neighbouring TSOs’’ transmmission sysstem operators. The network code(s) shall define:

Methoddology and

Tools:  The nnecessary ccompetenciees, qualificaations and experiencee for controll room staff and sstaff responnsible for thhe training of control room staff.. Role profiles andd responsibbility levels sshall be deffined and ddocumentedd at least in English.  A trainning and ceertification pprocess, inccluding: - An assessmennt by the responsiblee TSO of the qualificcation of aa candidate to peerform the ttasks of a trransmissionn system opperator; - Minimum requirements foor the traininng content (initial and continuouss trainning) and quualification criteria obligatory for aall TSOs; - A trraining plan, containingg theory, simulator traiining, practice lessonss andd on-the-jobb training foor network ooperation under differeent networkk situaations - inteer-TSO sesssions should also be part of the programme; - Traiining scheddules, conssidering inittial and coontinuous trraining, butt alsoo other educcational acttivities. Conntinuous training prograamme shalll incluude advannced theorry, training on extreeme and exceptionall situaations, morre simulatorr work and ‘lessons leaarnt’; - Evaaluation of training progress annd successs, featuringg a writtenn doccument as a base forr the certifiication; acccompanied by regularr asseessments oof knowledgge, skills andd performannce; - Criteeria, issuingg process aand validityy period for the certificaation (initiall andd renewed), which authhorises the transmissioon system operator too worrk in the conntrol room; - A pproper ‘trainn the trainner’ processs, to ensure that traainers havee adeequate trainiing both in ttheir specifiic area and in pedagoggical skills; - A hiigh-level floow chart of aall training pprocesses aas an overview; - Reqquirements for resourcees (e.g. stafff and time)).

 Standdards and rrequirementts for system models aand tools, ccovering alll synchhronous areeas. The traaining simulators (working environment pluss modeels and toools) shouldd, as far as necesssary and aappropriate,, resemmble the coontrol roomm equipment includingg the commprehensivee nationnal databasse with resppective dataa from neighhbouring neetworks at aa sufficiient level;  Englissh as standard commoon languagee for commuunication reelated to thee docummentation and exchaange of information in pursuannce of thee netwoork code(s);  A proocess for mmonitoring the effectss of trainingg and commmon HRDD (humaan resourcces developpment) actiivities and adjusting proceduress and pprocesses wwhere approopriate;  Co-orrdination annd co-operation neededd among thee TSOs ressulting in: - Reggular inter-TSO trainings, worksshops, visitts and seccondments,, especially for nneighbouring TSOs; - Reggular meetinngs on Euroopean level aiming at ddistributing operationall knowledge, exxchanging lessons leearnt and discussing upcomingg challenges.  Trainiing requirements for TSO-DSO (and other market pparticipants,, wheree applicablee) co-ordinaation and coo-operationn, including workshopss on specific topicss, where neeeded.  Retenntion of eviddence of traaining for moonitoring. The ceertificates sshall be isssued eitheer by a qqualified, inndependentt organisaation, or altternatively aa process sshall be deffined by thee respectivee TSOs aadhering too the key requiremennts in the network coode(s) andd ensuringg high leveel of qualitty, objectiviity, indepenndence andd sufficientt transparency for reegular comppliance. Each TSSO shall deefine furtherr details (e.g. advanceed qualificattion criteria)) and wheere requiredd, additionaal measuress. Roles aand The TSSOs are ressponsible foor the asseessment, seelection, addvancementt Responnsibilities: and adeequate assignment of ttheir operatting staff. EENTSO-E shhall activelyy coordinaate (e.g. deevelop a framework forr coordinatioon and monnitoring) thee training and certificcation tasks at Europeaan level. Informaation TSOs sshall exchaange operational expperience wwithin ENTSSO-E, andd especiaally with theeir neighboouring TSOss. This excchange of informationn

Exchannge:

includess regular jooint trainingg between neighbouring TSOs to improvee knowleddge of chharacteristiccs of neighbouring grids ass well ass communnication andd coordinattion betweeen transmisssion systemm operatorss of neighhbouring TSSOs. The nettwork code((s) shall deffine the impplementationn process aand timelinee

Implemmentation

including the transsition periood (e.g. inittial training needs’ annalysis andd

Issues::

assessmment, pilot training plann, initial rolee profiles) and regular mmonitoring.

Topic 55: Emergenncy and Restoration

Scope aand The remmedial actioons may incclude e.g. thhe activatioon of active or reactivee Objectives: power reserves, automatic load sheddding or aany other emergencyy measuree. Recoverry or restoraation from the alert orr critical to the normall operatinng state shall occur ass fast, effectively, reliaably and effficiently ass possiblee in order too avoid neww disturbancces and/or ffurther deteerioration off system security. Ensuring that all efforts in rrestoration after a maajor disturbbance or aa blackout are well ccoordinated and led byy the TSOss within a syynchronouss area and that no inndividual measures or attempts too restoratioon of supplyy adverseely affect the overall common ggoal of thee re-establishment off System Operation as soon as possible. Criteriaa: The keyy criteria foor emergenccy and resttoration shaall include aat least thee followingg:  Sharee of alert situations – and finally seevere disturrbances andd blackoutss – hanndled in an ooptimised mmanner, bassed on the existing powwer systemm and reesources;  Evideence of traaining, simuulations, teests and eexercises executed too demoonstrate proper emergeency and restoration plans;  Emergency prevvention and restorationn plans shaall – besidees technicall needss – consideer cost-bennefit issues on macroeeconomic aand markett level. Methoddology and TSOs sshall maintaain emergenncy and resstoration pllans and haave regularr Tools: training for emergeency and reestoration, iincluding acctions across borders,, where aappropriate. The network code(s) shall define:  The ccriteria for assessing when the power sysstem is in the normall operaating state aand when it diverges ffrom the noormal state. This shalll be deefined for each synchhronous arrea and shhall be commmunicatedd betweeen the syynchronouss areas annd EU-widee, respectivvely withinn ENTSSO-E;  The pprocess, priinciples andd main chaaracteristics for the elaaboration off predeetermined eemergency and restoraation plans and relateed activitiess on syynchronous area level. The principles shouuld be agreeed at EU-level. Specific neeeds of gridd users bassed on natioonal regulaation shouldd be taken into acccount withh a high prriority level in the elaaboration off restorration planss (e.g. fast ppower restoration on nuuclear plantts).  Appliccation of thee restorationn plans andd procedurees for remeddial actions;;  Princiiples and characteristics which caause the opperating staate to differr from tthe normal operating sstate, e.g. out-of-range disturbancces, flows inn the ttransmission network and on interconneections; acttive powerr reservves (autommatically annd manually activated reservess); reactivee power reserves; status of network coontrol system and stabbility of thee systemm (voltage, frequency and angle);;  Load shedding pprocedures, involving DDSOs wheree necessaryy, includingg criteria and ttaking intoo account local islanding provisions,, respoonsibilities and efficieency evaluation, but also the design off autommatic load shedding ssystems. AA non-discriminatory, ttransparentt and eefficient mannner of the lload shedding shall bee ensured;

 Commmon principples in sysstem protecction settings to ensuure systemm securrity, efficiennt usage and reliabilitty (also duuring criticaal operatingg state and restooration statte); the reelated proccedures shhall be co-ordinaated amongg TSOs to ensure interoperabilitty within annd betweenn synchhronous areeas. Systemm protectionn shall limitt the consequences off operaational disturbances to a minimumm;  Minimmum requireements to inform signiificant grid users in caase of alertt and ccritical operrating statees. Duties oof significant grid useers in suchh situations shall bbe clearly stated.  Proceedure for reestoration oof regular mmarket operations afteer technicall restorration. TSOs shall ensure access (coontracted orr otherwise procured) tto sufficientt black-sttart capacities and islaanding cappabilities to allow for the efficientt and fastt restorationn. The resstoration plans are to be evaluaated and mmaintained/aadjusted byy TSOs reegularly andd their operrating staff shall be traained to manage thesee exceptioonal incideents. TSOss shall deevelop proocedures too test thee restorattion plans. The processs for this shall be deescribed traansparentlyy and commmunicatedd to all involved parties by TSOs. Roles aand The TSOOs are respponsible for remedial actions in thee case of diisturbancess Responnsibilities: within thheir power ssystems annd shall enfforce orderss (within thee context off maintainning the eleectric powerr system opperational seecurity and integrity) too significaant grid useers in orderr to efficiently restore the systemm operation.. For eacch interconnnection TSSOs shall ddefine a procedure aand who iss responssible, including responssibility bounndaries. Restoraation related organisaation and procuremennt of blackk-start andd islanding capabilitiies, as weell as ancilllary servicees shall bee assignedd exclusivvely to the TTSOs, whichh shall havee the duty aand power too decide onn any subbsequent appplicability aat the DSO level. This is importantt in order too prevent any contraadictory meeasures whhich might occur if restoration iss attempteed at the saame time froom the transmission annd distributiion level. The DSOs shall support the reestoration aaccording too the plan. In a criitical operating state tthe significaant grid ussers shall ccomply withh instructions from TTSOs and paarticipate inn emergenccy planning, restorationn proceduures and exercises plannned and caarried out bby TSOs. TSOs’ coordinatedd restoratioon plans sshall be suubmitted to regulatoryy authorities for opinion. Informaation The nettwork codee(s) shall fooresee miniimum requiirements foor blackout-- Exchannge: proof coommunicatioon in case oof emergency and resttoration. Any synnchronous ssystem-widee event shaall be analyysed by thee TSOs andd communnicated to EENTSO-E, market parrticipants and relevantt regulatoryy authorities (ACER and NRAs). The reqquirements aand the datta to be trannsmitted to the TSO arre specifiedd in the aagreement concluded between thhe significaant grid useers and thee TSO (orr DSO) conccerning connnection andd access too the grid. Implemmentation The nettwork code((s) shall takke in due acccount the oobligations ffor TSOs inn Issues:: existing legislation at national and Europeean level.

2.1 New Applicationss

The nettwork code(s) shall bee elaborated in such aa way not tto be detrimmental to innnovation in electric power sysstem operation, mainteenance andd control. WWhere, fortthcoming changes andd challengges causedd by furtherr market inttegration annd innovatioon in technology and oorganisationn can be foreseen, they should be recogniised and coonsidered inn network ccode(s) so aas to ensuree that sysstem operattion rules aare in placee to accommmodate their integratioon. Among such trends the folloowing issuess should bee taken into account:

 Integration andd operation of a DC ppower-transsport lines, used for “ccollecting” tthe massivee windd power geeneration inn the Northh and solarr-thermal ggeneration ((CSP) in thhe South oof Euroope;  Methods and toools enablinng high-leveel and efficcient TSO ccoordinationn during thee operationaal plannning and schedulingg and real-time systeem operatiion. In particular, thee adequatee operational obsservability aand control of electricc power sysstem, durinng the transsition to loww carbbon society;;  Dynnamic ratingg of power ccables and ooverhead trransmissionn lines;  Closse interactioon of the ffuture integgrated electtricity balanncing markeets of Euroope with thee intraaday trade aand manuallly activatedd (tertiary) reserves;  Cooordinated ussage of FACCTS for active load floww control annd system sstability augmentation;  Advvanced storaage technollogies;  Smaart applications (e.g. poooling of disstributed geeneration, sttorage and demand response).

Publishing date: 02/12/2011 Document title: We appreciate your feedback

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