AMC & GM to Part ATCO — Issue 2

Acceptable Means of Compliance and Guidance Material to Part ATCO

Issue 2 8 June 2026

ANNEX I – PART ATCO – REQUIREMENTS FOR THE LICENSING OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS

SUBPART A – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

GM1 ATCO.A.010 Application for change of competent authority

RECOGNITION OF LICENCES AND CERTIFICATES

Considering Article 67 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, mutual recognition applies to: (a) air traffic controller and student air traffic controller licences, including their ratings, rating endorsements, on-the-job training instructor (OJTI), synthetic training device instructor (STDI) and assessor endorsements, as well as language proficiency endorsements and associated medical certificates issued by Member States in accordance with this Regulation; (b) certificates of air traffic controller training organisations, aero-medical examiners and aeromedical centres issued by Member States in accordance with this Regulation; and (c) certificates of completion of training courses issued by training organisations approved by Member States leading to the grant of the ratings, endorsements and/or the student air traffic controller licence referred to in point (a). GM1 ATCO.A.010(a) Application for change of competent authority

EXERCISE OF PRIVILEGES OF THE LICENCE IN TWO OR MORE MEMBER STATES

In cases where privileges are exercised in two or more Member States, the agreement concluded amongst the Member States concerned should define the allocation of tasks and the responsibilities related to licensing. GM1 ATCO.A.010(b) Application for change of competent authority

EXERCISE OF STUDENT AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER PRIVILEGES

The privileges of a student air traffic controller licence may also be exercised by an air traffic controller that undertakes training for a new unit endorsement. AMC1 ATCO.A.010(b);(c) Application for change of competent authority

EXERCISE OF LICENCE PRIVILEGES AND LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

According to point ATCO.B.030(a), air traffic controllers and student air traffic controllers should not exercise the privileges of their licences unless they have a valid language proficiency endorsement in the language(s) imposed by their Member State. If such local language requirements are imposed, the change of competent authority and the resulting exchange of licence should take place before the start of the on-the-job training to enter the new language proficiency endorsement. The exercise of synthetic training device instructor (STDI) and assessor privileges in a synthetic training device environment in a Member State whose competent authority is not the one that has issued the licence, should be limited to exercises and assessments conducted in the English language, unless the STDI or assessor holds a language proficiency endorsement in the language imposed by the Member State where the privileges are exercised. GM1 ATCO.A.015(b);(c) Exercise of the privileges of licences and provisional inability

GROUNDS FOR PROVISIONAL INABILITY

(a) Examples of grounds for doubting the ability to safely exercise the privileges of the licence may be that the licence holder is: (1) under the influence of psychoactive substances; (2) unable to perform the duties due to injury, fatigue, sickness, stress, including critical incident stress or other similar causes; (3) not meeting all the competence-related requirements set out in the unit competence scheme. (b) Provisional inability based on the grounds referred to in points (a)(1) and (a)(2) is meant to cover only short periods of time (for example: generally before the next scheduled duty period, but no longer than 7 days) with the aim of allowing the affected air traffic controller to consult an aero-medical examiner regarding the doubts about being able to safely exercise the privileges of their licence. In such cases, the provisional inability may only remain applicable until a medical review is performed by an aero-medical examiner. GM1 ATCO.A.015(c) Exercise of the privileges of licences and provisional inability In case of doubt about the medical condition of the air traffic controller, the provisions of ATCO.MED.A.020 should apply. GM1 ATCO.A.015(d) Exercise of the privileges of licences and provisional inability

PROCEDURES

The procedures developed and implemented to enable licence holders declaring provisional inability to exercise the privileges of their licence and to inform the competent authority should include but are not limited to: (a) the processes to declare and terminate provisional inability; (b) an indicative list of cases when the competent authority shall be informed of the declaration or termination of the provisional inability; and (c) the processes to inform the competent authority.

SUBPART B – LICENCES, RATINGS AND ENDORSEMENTS

GM1 ATCO.B.001(a);(d) Student air traffic controller licence

PRIVILEGES OF A STUDENT AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER LICENCE

The privileges of a student air traffic controller licence are exercised when providing air traffic control services in live traffic under the supervision of an on-the-job training instructor. A student air traffic controller licence is required for on-the-job training and not necessarily for the transitional and preon-the-job phases of unit training. GM1 ATCO.B.001(b) Student air traffic controller licence

MATURITY OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS

Persons who wish to undertake air traffic controller training at a training organisation satisfying the requirements laid down in Annex III (Part ATCO.OR) should be educationally, physically and mentally sufficiently mature. In order to assess their ability to complete air traffic controller training, training organisations may conduct aptitude assessments and/or set out educational or similar requirements which could serve as a prerequisite for commencing air traffic controller training. AMC1 ATCO.B.001(d) Student air traffic controller licence

ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS COMPETENCE

When establishing previous competence in a rating, the assessment should be based on the requirements set out in Part ATCO, Subpart D, Section 2. GM1 ATCO.B.001(d) Student air traffic controller licence

ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS COMPETENCE

The assessment of previous competence includes an assessment of the practical skills demonstrated by the person being assessed as well as an examination of the person’s knowledge and understanding. GM1 ATCO.B.005(e) Air traffic controller licence

ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS COMPETENCE

The assessment of previous competence includes an assessment of the practical skills demonstrated by the person being assessed as well as an examination of the person’s knowledge and understanding. AMC1 ATCO.B.010(a)(2);(3) Air traffic controller ratings

SURVEILLANCE FALLBACK AND CONTINGENCY MEASURES

The approach control procedural (APP) rating is not required for approach control surveillance (APS) rating holders when applying surveillance fallback and contingency measures. However, with reference to points ATCO.D.045(c)(3) and ATCO.D.080(b)(2), specific training related to surveillance fallback and contingency procedures should be included in the unit and refresher training to prepare air traffic controllers to deal with such situations. If contingency plans also include procedures for service continuity by means of providing procedural air traffic control services, a procedural rating should be held and maintained. AMC1 ATCO.B.010(a)(4);(5) Air traffic controller ratings

SURVEILLANCE FALLBACK AND CONTINGENCY MEASURES

The area control procedural (ACP) rating is not required for area control surveillance (ACS) rating holders when applying surveillance fallback and contingency measures. However, with reference to points ATCO.D.045(c)(3) and ATCO.D.080(b)(2), specific training related to surveillance fallback and contingency procedures should be included in the unit and refresher training to prepare air traffic controllers to deal with such situations. If contingency plans also include procedures for service continuity by means of providing procedural air traffic control services, a procedural rating should be held and maintained. AMC1 ATCO.B.010(b) Air traffic controller ratings

ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS COMPETENCE

When establishing previous competence in a rating, the assessment should be based on the requirements set out in Part ATCO, Subpart D, Section 2. GM1 ATCO.B.010(b) Air traffic controller ratings

ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS COMPETENCE

The assessment of previous competence includes an assessment of the practical skills demonstrated by the person being assessed as well as an examination of the person’s knowledge and understanding. AMC1 ATCO.B.015(a) Air traffic controller rating endorsements

AERODROME CONTROL SURVEILANCE (SUR) ENDORSEMENT PRIVILEGES

The SUR endorsement indicates that the holder has the skills to use ATS surveillance systems for the provision of aerodrome control service for the functions described in point ATS.TR.155(a) of Annex IV to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/3731, and in the related point (c) of AMC1 ATS.TR.155(a). AMC1 ATCO.B.020(a) Unit endorsements

GENERAL

When aerodrome control service is provided from a ‘remote tower’ (defined in EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3 ), each aerodrome for which the service is provided should constitute its own unit endorsement. GM1 to AMC1 ATCO.B.020(a) Unit endorsements There might be cases where, for a given aerodrome, air traffic control service is provided from a ‘conventional tower’ (defined in EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3) during certain time periods and from a ‘remote tower’ (defined in the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3) at other times. In such cases, the unit endorsement(s) should indicate the working position(s) (conventional and/or remote tower) from which the licence holder is authorised to provide the service. NOTE: This does not refer to contingency arrangements/contingency facilities, as the related training and use are deemed to be covered by any unit endorsement. When this is done on a temporary basis for shorter/limited time periods, e.g. during a validation or for transitional purposes, different unit endorsements for conventional and remote tower may not be considered necessary. GM1 ATCO.B.020(c) Unit endorsements

ISSUE OF A UNIT ENDORSEMENT IN CONNECTION WITH THE ISSUE OF A TEMPORARY ON-THE-JOB TRAINING INSTRUCTOR (OJTI) AUTHORISATION

It is recognised that the completion of a unit endorsement course in accordance with the requirements set out in Section 3 of Subpart D of Part ATCO as regards the on-the-job training (OJT) phase may not be possible in cases where a new ATC unit or sector is established, a new rating or rating endorsement is established at an ATC unit, or when a temporary ATC unit reopens. AMC1 ATCO.B.020(d) Unit endorsements

LIMITATION IN RELATION TO THE EXERCISE OF THE AERODROME CONTROL RATING PRIVILEGES

If a unit endorsement course contains operational procedures only for air control or ground control, the unit endorsement should reflect the limitation in relation to the rating privileges. AMC1 ATCO.B.020(g) Unit endorsements

VALIDITY OF THE UNIT ENDORSEMENT

When establishing the validity of a unit endorsement, the specificities of the unit and seasonal variations should be taken into account. Appropriate means should be in place to monitor the competence of the air traffic controllers. The means should be proportionate to the validity time. If the proposed validity time of the unit endorsement exceeds 12 months, additional means should be in place to monitor and ensure the continuous competence of the air traffic controllers. If the ATC unit is proposing to increase the validity time of the unit endorsement, a safety assessment should be conducted. The safety assessment may cover several units. AMC1 ATCO.B.020(i)(3) Unit endorsements

PRACTICAL SKILLS ASSESSMENT FOR THE REVALIDATION OF EACH UNIT ENDORSEMENT

(a) If the assessment of practical skills is taking the form of a dedicated assessment consisting of a single assessment or a series of assessments, the last assessment declaring the licence holder competent should take place within the 3-month period preceding the unit endorsement expiry date. (b) If the assessment of practical skills is taking the form of a continuous assessment by which the air traffic controller’s competence is assessed along a defined period of time, the end of that defined period and the formal conclusion on declaring the licence holder competent should take place within the 3-month period preceding the unit endorsement expiry date. GM1 ATCO.B.020(k) Unit endorsements

COMMENCEMENT OF THE UNIT ENDORSEMENT VALIDITY IN CASE OF EARLY REVALIDATION

For the purpose of establishing the validity period of the unit endorsement in case of early revalidation, the date of the assessment should be the date of the: (a) last assessment declaring the licence holder competent in case of a dedicated assessment; and (b) formal conclusion of declaring the licence holder competent in case of continuous assessment, provided that the formal conclusion takes place after the period during which the air traffic controller’s competence has been assessed. AMC1 ATCO.B.025(a)(3) Unit competence scheme

MINIMUM NUMBER OF HOURS

The minimum number of hours should be defined for each unit endorsement associated to a rating, and it should be identical for each unit endorsement holder within the same unit. For licence holders holding more than one unit endorsement in the same ATC unit, the minimum number of hours may be defined as a combined value based on the assessment provided by the air traffic services provider. Nevertheless, maintaining competence should be appropriately ensured for all valid unit endorsements, as well as for all sectors and/or working positions covered by a unit endorsement. AMC1 ATCO.B.025(a)(5);(6);(9) Unit competence scheme

PROCESSES FOR ASSESSING COMPETENCE AND EXAMINING THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING, AND FOR ASSESSING PRACTICAL SKILLS ACQUIRED DURING THE REFRESHER TRAINING

(a) The practical performance and skills should be assessed in live traffic situations against performance criteria defined and updated by the air traffic services provider according to the requirement set out in point ATCO.B.025(a)(16). (b) Theoretical knowledge and understanding should be examined. (c) Subjects taught during refresher training such as standard practices and procedures, abnormal and emergency situations and human factors should be assessed on STD or in other simulated environments and/or examined. (d) The assessment of air traffic controllers at ATC units with seasonal variations should reflect the higher-volume and higher-complexity situations. AMC1 ATCO.B.025(a)(8) Unit competence scheme DURATION AND FREQUENCY OF THE REFRESHER TRAINING Refresher training covers standard practices and procedures, abnormal and emergency situations, and human factors. These elements may be delivered as separate modules within the period of validity of the unit endorsement. If an ATCO holds multiple unit endorsements, refresher training should ensure that subjects common to one unit endorsement may need to be complemented by the unit-specific elements required for the other unit endorsement(s). The organisation of the training is determined by the air traffic services provider and/or the training organisation to ensure the planned subjects are covered. Accordingly, the duration may vary depending on the items being trained at a given time. The phasing of such training is likewise determined by the air traffic services provider and/or the training organisation, and the resulting frequency may therefore differ from one unit to another. All such details should be included in the description of the refresher training and provided to the competent authority for approval. AMC1 ATCO.B.025(a)(10) Unit competence scheme CONVERSION TRAINING For situations where conversion training leads to the introduction of a new unit endorsement, an assessment should be carried out by an assessor. GM1 ATCO.B.025(a)(5) Unit competence scheme

ASSESSMENTS

(a) Assessments may have one or more components. A documented process (for example, evidence guides, competence checklists and competence assessment forms) should be used to ensure a fair and objective assessment of competence. (b) The assessment of the required competencies may be complemented by an oral interview. (c) The assessment of the required competencies should be conducted as continuous assessment or dedicated assessment, with preference given to continuous assessment. (1) Continuous assessment The continuous assessment should be conducted during normal operational duties. The operational performance of the candidate should be assessed in relation to the applicable adapted competency model. In cases where the assessor has not been able to adequately assess the air traffic controller through continuous assessment, he or she should not certify the air traffic controller’s competence until a dedicated practical assessment has been conducted. (2) Dedicated assessment A dedicated assessment consists of a single assessment or a series of assessments. To conduct a dedicated assessment, the assessor(s) should observe the performance of the candidate in relation to the applicable adapted competency model. The air traffic controller concerned should be advised that a dedicated assessment is to be conducted and be briefed on the conduct of the assessment. (3) The adapted competency model should be defined by the air traffic services provider. (d) For those situations where a candidate’s performance cannot be observed at the time of the assessment (e.g. low-visibility operations, snow clearing, military activity, etc.), the assessment may be supplemented by synthetic training device sessions and/or an oral interview. (e) Oral interviews should be used to test the understanding of the applicable techniques and the rules governing them, particularly of unit and national air traffic control procedures. Scenariotype questioning allows the assessor to gather additional evidence of how an air traffic controller would react in circumstances that are not observable but are nevertheless considered important to the overall operation at a given ATC unit. The result of the oral interview should give a clear indication that the air traffic controller knows not only what he or she should be doing, but also why he or she should be doing it. The oral interview requires considerable skills, and it should be undertaken in a way to ensure consistency among individual assessors. (f) Processes when failing Notwithstanding point ATCO.B.025(a)(11), when an air traffic controller fails in one or more of the components of the assessment, he or she should not be allowed to exercise the privilege of this unit endorsement, and provisional inability in accordance with point ATCO.A.015(b) may be declared until such time when a successful competence assessment has been performed. Resitting the full competence assessment or the failed part only may be required. (g) Record-keeping The results of all assessments, including those of the continuous assessment, and examinations should be documented and stored confidentially, accessible to the assessor and the person being assessed. GM1 ATCO.B.025(a)(9) Unit competence scheme

ASSESSMENTS OF REFRESHER TRAINING SUBJECTS

(a) Assessments should be conducted primarily on a synthetic training device or offline environments. (b) Assessments should be conducted by appropriately qualified personnel having detailed knowledge of the training content. GM1 ATCO.B.025(a)(6) Unit competence scheme

ORAL EXAMINATIONS

Oral examinations should be used to test the understanding of the applicable techniques and the rules governing them, particularly of unit and national air traffic control procedures. Scenario-type questioning allows the assessor to gather additional evidence of how an air traffic controller would react in circumstances that are not observable but are nevertheless considered important to the overall operation at a given ATC unit. The oral examination should give a clear indication that the air traffic controller knows not only what he or she should be doing, but why he or she should be doing it. The oral examination requires considerable skills, and it should be undertaken in a way to ensure consistency among individual assessors. GM1 ATCO.B.025(a)(10) Unit competence scheme

EXAMINATION OF THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE AND ASSESSMENT OF PRACTICAL SKILLS ACQUIRED DURING CONVERSION TRAINING

(a) Assessments should be conducted primarily on a synthetic training device or offline environments. (b) Examinations and assessments should be conducted by appropriately qualified personnel having detailed knowledge of the training content. AMC1 ATCO.B.025(b) Unit competence scheme PROCESS FOR RECORDING HOURS Air traffic services providers should implement a process to ensure that, for each licence holder exercising the privileges of his or her unit endorsement, the hours worked in sectors, group of sectors and/or working positions within the ATC unit are recorded accurately. The process may use an automated or a manual recording system. In cases where a manual recording system is used, the air traffic services provider should verify that the roster entries reconcile with the hours reported to the competent authority. AMC1 ATCO.B.040 Testing of language proficiency

GENERAL

(a) The language proficiency testing should be designed to reflect the tasks undertaken by air traffic controllers, but with specific focus on language rather than operational procedures and knowledge. (b) The testing should determine the candidate’s ability to communicate effectively using visual and non-visual means in both routine and non-routine situations. AMC2 ATCO.B.040 Testing of language proficiency

TESTING

(a) The testing should comprise the following three elements: (1) listening — assessment of comprehension; (2) speaking — assessment of pronunciation, fluency, structure and vocabulary; (3) interaction. (b) The switch between phraseology and plain language should be assessed for listening and speaking proficiency. (c) When the testing is not conducted in a face-to-face situation, it should use appropriate technologies for testing the candidate’s abilities in listening and speaking, and for enabling interactions. (d) In the case of revalidation of the language proficiency endorsement, the testing may be conducted during training activities or on operational position, with prior notification to the air traffic controller to be assessed. (e) Irrespective of the way the testing is organised, the requirements listed in (a) and (b), as well as the relevant provisions for language proficiency assessors, should be met. AMC3 ATCO.B.040 Testing of language proficiency

PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY TESTING

The persons responsible for language proficiency testing should: (a) be suitably trained and qualified; (b) undergo regular refresher training on language testing assessment skills; and (c) not conduct language testing proficiency testing whenever their objectivity may be affected. AMC4 ATCO.B.040 Testing of language proficiency

CRITERIA FOR THE ACCEPTABILITY OF LANGUAGE TESTING BODIES

(a) A language testing body should provide clear information about its organisation and its relationships with other organisations. (b) If a language testing body is also an air traffic controller training organisation, there should be a clear and documented separation between the two activities. (c) The language testing body should employ a sufficient number of qualified interlocutors and language proficiency assessors to administer the required tests. (d) The testing documentation should include at least the following: (1) the test objectives; (2) the test layout, timescale, technologies used, assessment samples, voice samples; (3) the test criteria and standards (at least for the operational, extended and expert levels of the rating scale of Appendix 1 to Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2015/340); (4) the documentation demonstrating the test validity, relevance and reliability for the operational, extended and expert levels; (5) the procedures to ensure that language tests are standardised within the language testing body and in the ATC community; (6) the testing procedures and responsibilities, such as: — preparation of individual test; — administration: location(s), identity check and invigilation, testing discipline, confidentiality/security; — reporting and documentation provided to the competent authority and/or to the applicant, including sample certificate; and — retention of documents and records. (7) The testing documentation and records should be kept for a period of time determined by the competent authority and made available to the competent authority upon request. GM1 ATCO.B.040 Testing of language proficiency

PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY TESTING

The persons responsible for language proficiency testing should be: (a) either aviation specialists (e.g. current or former air traffic controllers) or language specialists who have received aviation-related training; the preferred approach for a test would be to form a team consisting of an operational expert and a language specialist; (b) trained in the requirements specific to the language proficiency testing, and test and interlocution techniques. GM2 ATCO.B.040 Testing of language proficiency Further information can be found in the ‘Manual on the Implementation of ICAO Language Proficiency Requirements’ (ICAO Doc 9835) and the ‘Language Testing Criteria for Global Harmonization’ (ICAO Cir 318 AN/180). AMC1 ATCO.B.045 Language training (a) Language training should contain communication in a job-related context particularly to handle abnormal and emergency situations and conduct non-routine coordination with colleagues, crews and technical staff. (b) Emphasis should be placed on listening comprehension, speaking interaction and vocabulary building. GM1 ATCO.B.045 Language training While it is true that many licence holders regularly have prolonged and extensive opportunities to practise — and so to maintain — their language proficiency, it is also true that a purely routine use of the language through phraseology, standard procedures and limited social contact only maintains a restricted core usage of the language which might be quite inadequate for managing unexpected and abnormal situations. Research shows that language proficiency erosion (language attrition) occurs rapidly over time; the lower the initial level, the faster the rate of erosion unless systematic strategies and a high degree of motivation counter this trend. It is very well documented that one’s language and communicative proficiency, even in one’s native language, deteriorates sharply under stress, therefore, it is recommended that licence holders participate in available language training. GM2 ATCO.B.045 Language training Training for language proficiency skills may be delegated to language training organisations with knowledge in the field of aviation.

SUBPART C – REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTRUCTORS AND ASSESSORS

SECTION 1 – INSTRUCTORS GM1 ATCO.C.001(b)(1) Theoretical instructors

QUALIFICATION OF THEORETICAL INSTRUCTORS

Professional qualification appropriate to the subject should ensure sufficient level of current knowledge, which is relevant to the subject and its application in air traffic control. AMC1 ATCO.C.001(b)(2) Theoretical instructors

THEORETICAL INSTRUCTORS’ INSTRUCTIONAL SKILLS

A satisfactory demonstration of instructional skills by theoretical instructors should establish competence in at least the following areas: (a) the lesson objectives are defined and communicated; (b) subject questions are fully answered; (c) teaching aids and, where applicable, management of technical platforms for remote learning (hardware, software) are used appropriately; (d) participants are engaged in the learning process, and remote online facilitation techniques (e.g. visual contact through cameras, use of polls, managing talk overlaps, etc.) are used when making use of technical platforms; (e) the language is unambiguous; (f) the lesson is correctly summarised; and (g) the lesson objectives are fulfilled. AMC1 ATCO.C.020(b) Validity of the on-the-job training instructor endorsement REFRESHER TRAINING For the revalidation of on-the-job-training instructor endorsement, refresher training should be undertaken during the last year of the validity of the endorsement. GM1 ATCO.C.010(c) On-the-job training instructor (OJTI) privileges

SHORTENING OF THE RATING EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENT FOR OJTI

When assessing the training organisations’ request for the shortening of the rating experience requirement for OJTIs, the competent authority should take into account the complexity of the traffic in the unit where the on-the-job instruction is provided, as well as the impact on the continuity and safety aspects of the service. GM1 ATCO.C.015(b) Application for on-the-job training instructor endorsement

SHORTENING OF THE LICENCE EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENT FOR OJTI

When assessing the training organisations’ request for the shortening of the licence experience requirement for OJTIs, the competent authorities should take into account the complexity of the traffic in the unit where the on-the-job instruction is provided, as well as the impact on the continuity and safety aspects of the service. AMC1 ATCO.C.025(a) Temporary OJTI authorisation

SAFETY ANALYSIS

The safety analysis should specify the reasons for which the relevant unit endorsement requirement provided for in ATCO.C.010(b)(2) cannot be met and how the equivalent level of safety will be ensured by other means. GM1 ATCO.C.025(a) Temporary OJTI authorisation

EXCEPTIONAL SITUATIONS

Exceptional situations for which it may be considered not to be possible to comply with point ATCO.C.010(c)(2) for the purpose of the valid unit endorsement experience, and, therefore, a temporary OJTI authorisation may be granted, are the following: (a) establishment of a new ATC unit or new sector for the air traffic services provider; (b) the continuity of the existing services is compromised due to the unavailability of personnel as a consequence of a change in the air traffic services provider at an ATC unit; (c) new rating or new rating endorsement put into operation at an ATC unit; (d) re-opening of a temporary ATC unit. AMC1 ATCO.C.030(d)(2) Synthetic training device instructor (STDI) privileges DEMONSTRATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF CURRENT OPERATIONAL PRACTICES For STDIs that hold an ATCO licence with a valid unit endorsement, knowledge of current operational practices should be demonstrated during the refresher training in accordance with the unit competence scheme. For STDIs that do not hold a valid unit endorsement, knowledge of current operational practices should be demonstrated by other means. AMC1 ATCO.C.040(b) Validity of synthetic training device instructor (STDI) endorsement REFRESHER TRAINING For the revalidation of the STDI endorsement, refresher training should be undertaken during the last year of the validity of the endorsement. GM1 ATCO.C.030(a)(1) Synthetic training device instructor (STDI) privileges

SUBJECTS OF PRACTICAL NATURE

Subjects with objectives at taxonomy level 3 or higher, related to Air Traffic Management Basic (ATMB), are considered of practical nature during initial training. GM1 ATCO.C.030(c)(1) Synthetic training device instructor (STDI) privileges

SHORTENING OF THE RATING EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENT FOR STDIs

When assessing a training organisation’s request for the shortening of the rating experience requirement for STDIs, competent authorities should take into account the complexity of the training expected to be delivered by the potential STDI and the impact on the continuity of the provision of training. GM1 ATCO.C.030(c)(3) Synthetic training device instructor (STDI) privileges

PROVISION OF TRAINING FOR SPECIFIC AND SELECTED OPERATIONAL TASKS

Some of the skills required for the two different procedural ratings, as well as for the two different surveillance ratings are the same or similar. Therefore, instruction not being specific for one rating or the training being for specific and selected operational tasks that do not require the learner to practise all the tasks which are normally associated with a fully operational environment, may be provided by an STDI that has at least 2 years of experience in a rating that requires similar skills. GM1 ATCO.C.035(a) Application for synthetic training device instructor (STDI) endorsement

SHORTENING OF THE LICENCE EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENT FOR STDIs

When assessing a training organisation’s request for the shortening of the licence experience requirement for STDIs, competent authorities should take into account the complexity of the training expected to be delivered by the potential STDI and the impact on the continuity of the provision of training. GM1 ATCO.C.040(c)(1) Validity of synthetic training device instructor (STDI) endorsement DEMONSTRATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF CURRENT OPERATIONAL PRACTICES For STDIs that do not hold a valid unit endorsement, knowledge of current operational practices may be demonstrated by various means which are agreed between the training organisation and the competent authority, such as: (a) participation in refresher training courses; (b) practising ATCO skills on synthetic training devices; or (c) observing real-time ATC provision at operational units in order to familiarise themselves with new operational techniques, controller tools, and airspace modernisation. SECTION 2 – ASSESSORS AMC1 ATCO.C.045(b)(2) Assessor privileges

DEMONSTRATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF CURRENT OPERATIONAL PRACTICES

The demonstration of knowledge of current operational practices may be achieved by establishing familiarity with current environment and operational procedures. GM1 ATCO.C.045(b)(2) Assessor privileges DEMONSTRATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF CURRENT OPERATIONAL PRACTICES For assessors that do not hold a valid unit endorsement, knowledge of current operational practices may be demonstrated through various means that are agreed between the training organisation and the competent authority, such as: (a) participation in refresher training courses; (b) practising ATCO skills on synthetic training devices; or (c) observing real-time ATC provision at operational units in order to familiarise themselves with new operational techniques, controller tools and airspace modernisation. AMC1 ATCO.C.060(b) Validity of assessor endorsement REFRESHER TRAINING For the revalidation of the assessor endorsement, refresher training should be undertaken during the last year of the validity of the endorsement. GM1 ATCO.C.060(b);(c)(1) Validity of assessor endorsement DEMONSTRATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF CURRENT OPERATIONAL PRACTICES For assessors that do not hold a valid unit endorsement, knowledge of current operational practices may be demonstrated through various means that are agreed between the training organisation and the competent authority, such as: (a) participation in refresher training courses; (b) practising ATCO skills on synthetic training devices; or (c) observing real-time ATC provision at operational units in order to familiarise themselves with new operational techniques, controller tools, and airspace modernisation. GM1 ATCO.C.065(b) Temporary assessor authorisation

EXCEPTIONAL SITUATIONS

Exceptional situations for which it may be considered not to be possible to comply with point ATCO.C.045(c)(1) for the purpose of the unit endorsement experience, and, therefore, a temporary assessor authorisation may be granted, are the following: (a) establishment of a new ATC unit or a new sector for the air traffic services provider; (b) the continuity of the existing services is compromised due to the unavailability of personnel as a consequence of a change in the air traffic services provider at an ATC unit; (c) new rating or rating endorsement put into operation at an ATC unit; (d) reopening of a temporary ATC unit. GM1 ATCO.C.065(c) Temporary assessor authorisation

INDEPENDENCE OF THE ASSESSMENT

In the case of units not having sufficient number of assessors or if the independence and objectivity of the assessment from the training process is otherwise endangered, a temporary assessor authorisation may be granted. AMC1 ATCO.C.065(d) Temporary assessor authorisation

SAFETY ANALYSIS

The safety analysis should specify the reasons for which the relevant unit endorsement requirement provided for in ATCO.C.045(d)(1) cannot be met and how the equivalent level of safety will be ensured by other means. For the purpose of ensuring the independence of the assessment for reasons of recurrent nature, the safety analysis performed could encompass the recurrent nature of the need to ensure the independence of the assessments from the training process and provide a basis for the issue of multiple temporary authorisations based on the same reason.

SUBPART D – AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER TRAINING

SECTION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS GM1 ATCO.D.003 Principles of competency-based training and assessment (CBTA) TRAINING PLANS AND TRAINING COURSES Further information may be found in ICAO Doc 9868 ‘Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Training’, third edition, 2020, and in ICAO Doc 10056 ‘Manual on Air Traffic Controller Competencybased Training and Assessment’, Volume I — ATC, second edition, 2022. GM1 ATCO.D.003(b)(2) Principles of competency-based training and assessment (CBTA) CONSISTENCY BETWEEN INSTRUCTOR AND ASSESSOR ASSESSMENT Consistency across instructors and assessors refers to the degree to which their scores are consistent and stable when assessing the same performance. It is achieved when instructors and assessors apply similar judgment, as well as the same criteria and standards, when assessing performance. The adapted competency model (ACM) provides the performance criteria, including the standard, for the specific environment. Consistency across instructors and assessors is a prerequisite for reliable training progress and assessment data; it safeguards the accuracy of assessment outputs and enables the assessment data to be interpreted meaningfully. Processes to ensure consistency in this regard include the conduct of regular ‘calibration’ sessions to ensure that personnel conducting assessments interpret the performance criteria (observable behaviours (OBs), conditions and competency standard) and pass/fail decisions consistently. Examples on how to do this include live assessments, simulations, or using video/recorded material of assessments that assessors can use to compare their evaluations and judgements, discuss their evidence that supports their judgement and adjust their interpretations to align with each other and the baseline judgement considered to be the ‘correct’ assessment. Discussions can further serve to identify why certain judgements differ. Disagreements can be solved through expert consensus and, if available, reference to ‘model’ scores. There are two measures that may be useful for determining whether consistency has been achieved. This is relevant when all instructors and assessors have evaluated the same performance. Reliability measures the degree of agreement across all instructors and assessors who observe the same performance. If there is 100 % reliability, the candidate would receive the same score for each competence from every instructor and assessor. In addition, the pass/fail decision would be the same for all instructors and assessors. There is, however, a second measure that is equally important and may be used provided the performance has been recorded and a ‘group of experts’ (usually senior instructors/assessors) have had the opportunity to determine the most accurate grading for that performance. Validity establishes the expected scores for a particular performance. If there is 100 % validity, the candidate would receive the same score for each competence from every instructor/assessor, and they would correspond with the scores determined by the group of experts. AMC1 ATCO.D.005(a)(2) Types of air traffic controller training

UNIT TRAINING

Unit training should be undertaken by holders of student air traffic controllers licence or holders of air traffic controllers licence, as appropriate, for: (a) the issue of an air traffic controller licence with a unit endorsement; (b) the addition of a unit endorsement in an air traffic controller licence; (c) the validation of a rating and rating endorsement, if applicable, in an existing licence; (d) the addition of rating endorsement in an existing licence; and (e) the renewal of an expired, suspended or revoked unit endorsement, where applicable. SECTION 2 – INITIAL TRAINING REQUIREMENTS AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a) Composition of initial training

GENERAL

1. Structure of the basic and rating training syllabi (a) The basic and rating training syllabi are structured as follows: (1) The syllabus is divided into subjects, which are divided into topics that are in turn divided into subtopics. This structure serves the definition and classification of the objectives. There can be one or several objectives linked to each subtopic. (2) Objectives are assigned to a specific topic/subtopic which deals with the knowledge and skills needed to accomplish the related subject. (3) Subjects are contained in point ATCO.D.010, and are repeated in: — AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Composition of initial training — BASIC TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES; — AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i) Composition of initial training — AERODROME CONTROL (ADC) RATING TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES; — AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(ii) Composition of initial training — APPROACH CONTROL PROCEDURAL (APP) RATING TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES; — AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iii) Composition of initial training — AREA CONTROL PROCEDURAL (ACP) RATING TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES; — AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iv) Composition of initial training — APPROACH CONTROL SURVEILLANCE (APS) RATING TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES; — AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(v) Composition of initial training — AREA CONTROL SURVEILLANCE (ACS) RATING TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES in order to provide the reader with a comprehensive and unique reference document for the basic training and for each rating training course. Topics, subtopics and training objectives are included in, and form an integral part of, each of the aforementioned AMC. (b) The following principles may be applied to the development of a training course that is based on any of the syllabi: (1) The structure of the syllabi and the order of the objectives contained therein is neither intended to convey a pedagogical sequence nor to indicate a relative level of importance. (2) No objective from the basic training syllabus is repeated as ‘a refresher’ in the rating training syllabi. (3) The number of objectives contained within a subtopic does not necessarily signify how long it should take to teach that subtopic. For example, a subtopic containing five relatively straightforward objectives may take a shorter time to be taught than another subtopic containing two complex objectives. 2. Structure of the objectives (a) An objective consists of three elements: (1) The corpus, which is a description of the required performance. It always contains an action verb to ensure that the outcome is observable. The action verb is always associated with a defined taxonomy. (2) The level, which indicates numerically the taxonomy of the action verb. (3) The content, which may be implicit or explicit. Explicit content is written in the content field, while implicit content is not but, instead, is implied in the corpus of the objective and other elements (syllabus, subject, etc.). Content that is a required part of the objective is written in the red-shaded field. Optional content, written in italics is provided to help training designers develop their training material and may suggest possible reference documents that could be used and/or elaborate on the content with specific examples. With or without explicit content, the objective needs to be covered since the implementation is implied in its corpus (text of the objective) and associated context (Subtopic/Topic/Subject/ Rating). 3. Repeated and common objectives (a) Repeated and common objectives are only applicable to rating training. (b) To the right of each objective, there is an indication of which other ratings contain this particular objective. If the rating is indicated in red italics, it notifies the reader that the objective(s) is (are) verbatim in each rating; however, the objective numbers are different. This indication is the first step to help training providers identify potential commonalities between the various syllabi. As a second step, training providers must determine, on the level of local implementation, whether the objective is to be regarded as repeated or common. 3.1 Repeated objectives All the objectives appearing in a syllabus are implicitly appropriate to this syllabus. As a consequence, objectives may be repeated ‘verbatim’ in different rating syllabi and nevertheless specify a different performance. The reader always needs to mentally add the sentence ‘in this syllabus context’ at the end of each objective. For example, the objective ‘use approved phraseology’ is repeated (same level, same corpus, same content) in all the syllabi but is different because the context is different in each syllabus (a learner that is able to use approved phraseology for en-route traffic will need additional training before mastering the phraseology in the provision of aerodrome control). 3.2 Common objectives (a) Common objectives are verbatim the same objectives that appear in more than one rating syllabi in the same context so that they do not need to be taught again in case of combined or successively organised courses. For example, the objective ‘describe the human information-processing model’ is common for all the syllabi because the context is non-specific and is, therefore, not determined by the type of rating. (b) As a general principle, the rating subject ‘Human Factors’ is identical in each of the rating training syllabi and can be considered as containing common objectives because the context is always the same. This means that the rating training objectives relating to Human Factors need to be taught only once. If a learner acquires an additional rating, that learner would not be required to repeat the Human Factors objectives. 4. Action verbs that support the taxonomy for training objectives (a) The five taxonomy levels should be understood to have the following levels of complexity: (1) Action verbs for Level 1 Level 1 — A basic knowledge of the subject. It is the ability to remember essential points, to memorise data and retrieve it.

L1 Verb Definition Example

Define State what it is and what its Define ATC service. limits are; state the definition. Draw Produce a picture, pattern or Draw the block diagram. diagram. Draw a holding pattern. List Say one after the other. List the different types of jet engines. Name Give the name of objects or Name the competent authorities responsible for procedures. ATCO licensing and ANSP oversight. Quote Repeat what is written or said. Quote the ICAO definition of ATC service. Recognise To know what it is because you Recognise the information contained in the have seen it before. different parts of the AIP. State Say or write in a formal or State the meteorological hazards to aviation. definite way.

(2) Action verbs for Level 2 Level 2 — The ability to understand and to discuss the subject matter intelligently in order to represent and act upon certain objects and events.

L2 Verb Definition Example

Characterise To describe the quality of features in Characterise the main radio navigation something. techniques based on ground-based systems. Consider To think carefully about it. Consider how the evolution of a situation may have an impact on safety. Demonstrate Describe and explain; logically or Demonstrate the importance of good mathematically prove the truth of a communication in ATC. statement. Describe Say what it is like or what happened. Describe the methods by which ICAO notifies and implements legislation.

L2 Verb Definition Example

Differentiate Show the differences between things. Differentiate between different types of visibility. Explain Give details about something or Explain the purpose and function of ICAO. describe so that it can be understood. Take account Take into consideration before Take account of the limitations of of deciding. equipment and systems.

(3) Action verbs for Level 3 Level 3 — A thorough knowledge of the subject and the ability to apply it with accuracy. The ability to make use of the repertoire of knowledge to develop plans and activate them.

L3 Verb Definition Example

Act Carry out, execute. Act to reduce stress. Apply Use something in a situation or Apply separation. activity. Appreciate To understand a situation and know Appreciate the need for coordination (the what is involved in a problem-solving learner says that the coordination will be situation, to state a plan without done and with whom; the learner does not applying it. perform the actual coordination). Assist Help somebody to do a job by doing Assist the pilot. part of it. Calculate To discover from information you Calculate appropriate levels. already have by arithmetic; to think Calculate conversions between the three about a possible cause of action in north designations. order to form an opinion or decide what to do. Check Make sure the information is correct Check all relevant documentation before (satisfactory). managing traffic. Check availability of information. Choose Select out of number, decide to do Choose appropriate levels. one thing rather than another. Choose the appropriate separation methods. Collect Assemble, accumulate, bring or come Collect appropriate information relevant to together. the situation. Conduct Organise and carry out. Conduct level changes. Confirm Establish more firmly, corroborate. Confirm sequence order. Decode Turn into ordinary writing, decipher. Decode the content of weather reports and forecasts. Encode Put into code or cipher. Encode and decode flight plans (including supplementary information). Estimate Form an approximate judgement of a Estimate the heading for a new track and number, form an opinion. the distance to the next way point. Execute Perform action. Execute selected plan in a timely manner. Extract Copy out, make extracts from, find, Extract pertinent data from relevant deduce. sources to produce a flight progress display. Identify Associate oneself inseparably with, Identify potential or actual abnormal and establish the identity. emergency situations. Identify aircraft.

L3 Verb Definition Example

Inform Tell, give facts or information. Inform the supervisor of local factors affecting the ATS system capacity and air traffic flow management. Initiate Begin, set going, originate. Initiate appropriate coordination. Input Enter in the system. Input data. Issue Send forth, publish. Issue appropriate ATC clearances. Issue appropriate information concerning the position of conflicting traffic. Maintain Cause or enable to continue. Maintain situational awareness by monitoring traffic Measure Ascertain extent or quality of (thing) Measure distance on a map. by comparison with fixed unit or with object of known size. Monitor Keep under observation. Monitor the technical integrity of the controller working position. Notify Make known, announce, report. Notify runway in use. Obtain Acquire easily without research. Obtain meteorological information. Operate Conduct work on equipment. Operate the equipment of the controller working position. Pass Move, cause to go, transmit. Pass essential traffic information without delay. Perform Carry into effect, go through, execute. Perform communication effectively. Process To put through the steps of a Process pertinent data on data displays. prescribed procedure. Record Register, set down for remembrance Record information by writing effectively. or reference. Relay Receive and pass on, broadcast. Relay meteorological information. Respond Provide an answer, perform Respond to loss/doubt concerning answering or corresponding action. identification. Respond to distress and urgency messages and signals. Scan Continuously observe rapidly, Scan data display. sequentially and selectively in order to extract relevant data. Transfer Hand over. Transfer information to the relieving controller. Update Refresh, bring up to date. Update the data display to accurately reflect the traffic situation. Use Employ for a purpose, handle as Use approved phraseology. instrument, put into operation. Use the available means for coordination. Verify Establish truth of. Verify that the settings of the working position are appropriate.

(4) Action verbs for Level 4 Level 4 — Ability to establish a line of action within a unit of known applications following the correct chronology and the adequate method to resolve a problematic situation. This involves the integration of known applications in a familiar situation.

L4 Verb Definition Example

Acquire Gain by oneself and for oneself, Acquire relevant aeronautical information. obtain after research. Adjust Change to a new position, value or Adjust the surveillance system display. setting. Allocate Assign, devote. Allocate levels according to altimetry data. Analyse Examine minutely the constitution Analyse examples of pilot–controller of. communication for effectiveness. Analyse the information provided by the ATS surveillance system. Assign Designate or set an element. Assign codes. Coordinate Negotiate with others in order to Coordinate runway in use. work together effectively. Coordinate when providing FIS. Comply Act in accordance with. Comply with rules. Delegate Commit authority to somebody. Delegate separation to pilots in the case of aircraft executing successive visual approaches. Detect Discover existence of. Detect conflicts in time for appropriate resolution. Ensure Make safe, make certain. Ensure the agreed course of action is carried out. Expedite Assist the progress of, do speedily. Expedite traffic. Integrate Combine into a whole, complete Integrate appropriate ATC clearances in control by addition of parts. service. Manage Handle, conduct, maintain control Manage traffic on the manoeuvring area. over something, be in charge of. Manage traffic in accordance with a change to operational procedures. Organise Give orderly structure to, frame Organise pertinent data on data displays. and put into working order. Organise priority of actions. Predict Forecast. Predict positions of aircraft in the aerodrome traffic and taxi circuits. Provide Supply, furnish. Provide vectoring. Provide FIS. Relate Establish link with. Relate a pressure setting to an altitude.

(5) Action verbs for Level 5 Level 5 — Ability to analyse new situation in order to elaborate and apply one or other relevant strategy to solve a complex problem. The defining feature is that the situation is qualitatively different from those previously met, requiring judgement and evaluation of options.

L5 verb Definition Example

Assess Estimate value or difficulty, evaluate, Assess workload. appraise. Balance Weigh (a question, two arguments, etc., Balance the workload against personal against each other). capacity. Discuss Investigate by reasoning or argument. Discuss the impact of regulation. Evaluate Ascertain amount of, find numerical Evaluate the necessary information to be expression for. provided to pilots in need of navigational assistance. Interpret To decide on something’s meaning or Interpret operational information. significance when there is a choice. Optimise To make optimal; get the most out of; Optimise the use of support tools. use best; modify to achieve maximum efficiency. Resolve Solve, clear up, settle. Resolve conflict. Select Pick out as best or most suitable. Select the runway in use. Theorise Extract general principles from a Theorise the resolution of conflict particular experience. between a slow and a fast aircraft. Validate Make valid, ratify, prove valid, show or Validate one radar vectoring option to confirm the validity of something. expedite the traffic.

(b) Application of taxonomy levels to practically based objectives (1) Objectives at taxonomy level 3 or higher, which are of a practical nature, related to all subjects except ATM, may be achieved by any suitable type of practical training methods, e.g. hands-on, plotting on charts, etc. (2) Objectives at taxonomy level 3 or higher, for the ATM subject (basic and rating), are practical by nature and require the integration of several knowledge areas and skills at the same time, e.g. vectoring of an aircraft requires knowledge and skills in the areas of radiotelephony, aircraft performance, navigation and radar theory. Therefore, ATM level 3 objectives should be achieved through the use of a parttask trainer or a simulator. (3) ATM level 4 objectives should be achieved for the most part through the use of a simulator. A part-task trainer, which presents operational situations at an enforced pace, may be used to achieve some ATM level 4 objectives. (4) ATM level 5 objectives should be achieved through the use of a simulator. AMC2 ATCO.D.010(a) Composition of initial training

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

For the purposes of: — AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Composition of initial training — BASIC TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES; — AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i) Composition of initial training — AERODROME CONTROL (ADC) RATING TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES; — AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(ii) Composition of initial training — APPROACH CONTROL PROCEDURAL (APP) RATING TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES; — AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iii) Composition of initial training — AREA CONTROL PROCEDURAL (ACP) RATING TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES; — AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iv) Composition of initial training — APPROACH CONTROL SURVEILLANCE (APS) RATING TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES — AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(v) Composition of initial training — AREA CONTROL SURVEILLANCE (ACS) RATING TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES the following abbreviations apply: Abbreviation Stands for / Means A-RNP Advanced Required Navigation Performance A/B (Type) A and B type approaches (classifications) ABAS Aircraft-based Augmentation System ABES Abnormal and Emergency Situations (Subject) ACARS Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System ACAS Airborne Collision Avoidance System ACC Area Control Centre ACFTB Aircraft — Basic Training (subject) ACFT Aircraft (subject) ACN Aircraft Classification Number ACP Area Control Procedural Rating ACS Area Control Surveillance Rating ADF Automatic Direction-Finding System ADC Aerodrome Control ADI Aerodrome Control Instrument ADS Automatic Dependent Surveillance ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance — Broadcast ADS-C Automatic Dependent Surveillance — Contract ADV Aerodrome Control Visual Rating ADVS Advisory Service AEA Association of European Airlines AFIL Air-Filed Flight Plan AFTN Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network AGA Aerodromes AIC Aeronautical Information Circular AIP Aeronautical Information Publication AIRAC Aeronautical Information Regulation and Control AIRAC SUP AIRAC Supplement AIREP Air-Report AIRMET Information concerning en-route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of low-level aircraft operations AIS Aeronautical Information Service ALRS Alerting Service AMAN Arrival Manager AMC Acceptable Means of Compliance ANS Air Navigation Services AP/FD Autopilot/Flight Director APM Approach Path Monitor APP Approach Control/Centre/Procedural Rating APS Approach Control Surveillance Rating APV Approach Procedure with Vertical guidance APW Area Proximity Warning ASDA Accelerate Stop Distance Available ASM Airspace Management ASMGCS Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems ATC Air Traffic Control ATCEUC Air Traffic Controllers European Unions Coordination ATCO Air Traffic Controller ATCS Air Traffic Control Service ATFCM Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management ATFM Air Traffic Flow Management ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service ATM Air Traffic Management ATMB Air Traffic Management — Basic Training (subject) ATS Air Traffic Services ATZ Aerodrome Traffic Zone AVASI Advanced Visual Approach Slope Indicator Beidou Chinese navigation satellite system BIRDTAM Bird hazard NOTAM (NOTAM reporting bird hazard) CANSO Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation CAT Clear-Air Turbulence CBA Cross-Border Area CBT Computer-Based Training CCO Continuous Climb Operations CDO Continuous Descent Operations CDR Conditional Route CEM Collaborative Environmental Management CISM Critical Incident Stress Management CPDLC Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications CPL Current Flight Plan CWP Controller Working Position DA Decision Altitude DFTI Distance from Touchdown Indicator DH Decision Height DMAN Departure Manager DME Distance-Measuring Equipment Doc Document EASA European Union Aviation Safety Agency EAT Expected Approach Time EATMP European Air Traffic Management Programme EC European Commission ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference EET Estimated Elapsed Time EFIS Electronic Flight Instrument System EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service EGPWS Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System EQPS Equipment and Systems (subject) EQPSB Equipment and Systems — Basic Training (subject) ETF European Transport Workers’ Federation EU European Union EU ETS European Union Emissions Trading Scheme EUROCONTROL European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation FA Fix to Altitude FAB Functional Airspace Block FAF Final Approach Fix FAP Final Approach Point FDPS Flight Data Processing System FIR Flight Information Region FIS Flight Information Service FMS Flight Management System FPB Flight Progress Board FPL Flight Plan or Filed Flight Plan FRA Free-Route Airspace FRT Fixed Radius Transition FTE Flight Technical Error FUA Flexible Use of Airspace Galileo European satellite navigation system GBAS Ground-Based Augmentation System GLONASS Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System GP Glide Path GPS Global Positioning System GPWS Ground Proximity Warning System HF High Frequency HFACS Human Factors Analysis & Classification System HUM Human Factors (subject) HUMB Human Factors — Basic Training (subject) IACA International Air Carrier Association IAF Initial Approach Fix IAOPA International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations IATA International Air Transport Association ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IF Intermediate Approach Fix IFALPA International Federation of Airline Pilots’ Associations IFATCA International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers’ Associations IFPS Integrated Initial Flight Plan Processing System IFR Instrument Flight Rules ILS Instrument Landing System IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions INS Inertial Navigation System INTR Introduction to the course (subject) INTRB Introduction to the course — Basic Training (subject) IRS Inertial Reference System IRVR Instrument Runway Visual Range ISA International Standard Atmosphere ITU International Telecommunications Union LAM Local Area Multilateration LAW Aviation Law (subject) LAWB Aviation Law — Basic Training (subject) LDA Landing Distance Available LOA Letter of Agreement LOC Localiser LOPs Local Operating Procedures LPV Localiser Performance with Vertical guidance MAPt Missed Approach Point MCMF Multi-Constellation, Multi-Frequency MDA Minimum Descent Altitude MDH Minimum Descent Height MET Meteorology METAR Meteorological Aviation Routine Weather Report METB Meteorology — Basic Training (subject) MLAT Multilateration Mode A SSR identification code Mode C SSR Mode C (pronounced: Mode Charlie) Mode S Mode Select MONA Monitoring Aids MSAW Minimum Safe Altitude Warning MTCD Medium-Term Conflict Detection MWO Meteorological Watch Office NAV Navigation (subject) NAVAID Navigation(al) Aid NAVB Navigation — Basic Training (subject) NDB Non-Directional Beacon No. Number NOTAM Notice to Airmen NPA Non-Precision Approach NSE Navigation System Error OCA Obstacle Clearance Altitude OCH Obstacle Clearance Height OJT On-the-Job Training OLDI On-Line Data Interchange PA Precision Approach PANS Procedures for Air Navigation Services PAPI Precision Approach Path Indicator PAR Precision Approach Radar PBN Performance-Based Navigation PCN Pavement Classification Number PCP Pilot Common Project PDE Path Definition Error PEAR (model) People who do the job/Environment in which they work/Actions they perform/Resources necessary to complete the job PEN Professional Environment (subject) PENB Professional Environment — Basic Training (subject) PSR Primary Surveillance Radar PTP Part-Time Practice QDM Inbound magnetic bearing to the station QDR Outbound magnetic bearing from the station QFE Atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation QNH Atmospheric pressure at mean sea level QTF The position of the transmitting station according to the bearings taken by the D/F station RA Resolution Advisory (TCAS) RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring RCC Rescue Coordination Centre RF Radius to Fix RNAV Area Navigation RNP Required Navigation Performance RNP APCH Required Navigation Performance Approach RNP AR APCH Required Navigation Performance Authorisation Required Approach RNP (AR) DEP Required Navigation Performance Authorisation Required Departure ROC Rate of Climb RPAS Remotely Piloted Aircraft System RTF Radiotelephony RVR Runway Visual Range RVSM Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum SADIS Satellite Distribution of World Area Forecast System SAR Search and Rescue SARPs Standards and Recommended Practices (ICAO) SBAS Satellite-Based Augmentation System SDPS Surveillance Data Processing System SELCAL Selective Calling SES Single European Sky SHELL (model) Software, Hardware, Environment, Live ware, Live ware Model SIB Safety Information Bulletin SID Standard Instrument Departure (Route) SIGMET Significant Meteorological Information SMAN Surface Management SMR Surface Movement Radar SNOWTAM NOTAM on SNOW conditions SOPs Standard Operating Procedures SPECI Aviation Selected Special Weather Report SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar STAR Standard Instrument Arrival (Route) STCA Short-Term Conflict Alert SVFR Special Visual Flight Rules TA Traffic Alert (TCAS) TACAN UHF Tactical Air Navigation Aid TAF Terminal Area (Aerodrome) Forecast TAWS Terrain Awareness and Warning System TBO Trajectory-Based Operations TCAC Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centre TCAS Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System TODA Take-Off Distance Available TORA Take-Off Run Available TRA Temporary Reserved Airspace or Temporary Reserved Area TRM Team Resource Management TSA Temporary Segregated Area TSE Total System Error TWR Tower Control Unit (Aerodrome Control Tower) UAS Unmanned Aircraft System UDF Ultra High Frequency Direction Finder UHF Ultra High Frequency UTC Coordinated Universal Time VAAC Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre VASI Visual Approach Slope Indicator VDF Very High Frequency Direction Finder VFR Visual Flight Rules VHF Very High Frequency VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions VNAV Vertical Navigation VOLMET Routine Weather Reports Broadcast on VHF VOR VHF Omni-directional Radio Range WAFC World Area Forecast Centre WAFS World Area Forecast System WAM Wide Area Multilateration WGS-84 World Geodetic System 84 WMO World Meteorological Organization AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Composition of initial training

BASIC TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES

(a) The general principles that apply to this AMC are contained in AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a). (b) Basic training should contain the following topics, subtopics and training objectives that are associated with the subjects contained in point ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Basic training. (c) Subjects from point ATCO.D.010(a)(1) are repeated in this AMC for the convenience of the reader and do not form part of it. INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE

TOPIC INTRB 1 — COURSE MANAGEMENT Subtopic INTRB 1.1 — Course introduction

BASIC Explain the aims and main objectives of the 2 INTRB course. 1.1.1

Subtopic INTRB 1.2 — Course administration

BASIC State how the course is administered. 1 INTRB 1.2.1

Subtopic INTRB 1.3 — Study material and training documentation

BASIC Use appropriate documents and their 3 Optional content: training documentation, INTRB sources for the course. library, CBT library, web, learning 1.3.1 management server BASIC Integrate appropriate information into 4 Training documentation INTRB course studies. Optional content: supplementary information, 1.3.2 library

TOPIC INTRB 2 — INTRODUCTION TO THE ATC TRAINING COURSE Subtopic INTRB 2.1 — Course content, methodology and organisation

BASIC State the different training methods used 1 Theoretical training, practical training, self- INTRB during the course. study, types of training events 2.1.1 BASIC State the subjects covered by the course and 1 INTRB their purpose. 2.1.2 BASIC Describe the organisation of theoretical 2 Optional content: course programme INTRB training. 2.1.3 BASIC Describe the organisation of practical 2 Optional content: PTP, simulation, briefing, INTRB training. debriefing, course programme 2.1.4 BASIC Appreciate appropriate learning techniques. 3 How the influence of interactive techniques INTRB can lead to improved learning 2.1.5

Subtopic INTRB 2.2 — Training ethos

BASIC Recognise the feedback mechanisms 1 Optional content: instructor discussions, INTRB available. training progress, assessment, examinations, 2.2.1 results, briefing, debriefing BASIC Describe the positive effect of working and 2 Teamwork in theoretical and practical training INTRB learning together with course participants. 2.2.2

Subtopic INTRB 2.3 — Assessment process

TOPIC INTRB 2 — INTRODUCTION TO THE ATC TRAINING COURSE

BASIC Describe the assessment process. 2 INTRB 2.3.1

TOPIC INTRB 3 — INTRODUCTION TO THE ATCO’s FUTURE

Subtopic INTRB 3.1 — Job prospects

BASIC Recognise an ATCO’s working environment. 1 Area control unit, approach control unit, INTRB aerodrome control unit 3.1.1 BASIC Recognise career developments. 1 Optional content: OJT instructor, supervisor, INTRB operational managerial posts, non- 3.1.2 operational posts

SUBJECT 1: AVIATION LAW

TOPIC LAWB 1 — INTRODUCTION TO AVIATION LAW Subtopic LAWB 1.1 — Relevance of aviation law

BASIC State the necessity for air law, the sources 1 Relevant EU legislation, LAWB and development of aviation law. ICAO Convention 1.1.1 Optional content: ICAO Annex 2, national

aviation law

BASIC Describe the impact key international and 2 ICAO, EASA, EUROCONTROL, national LAWB national organisations have on ATC and their organisations 1.1.2 interaction with each other.

TOPIC LAWB 2 — INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS Subtopic LAWB 2.1 — ICAO

BASIC Explain the purpose and function of ICAO. 2 LAWB 2.1.1 BASIC Describe the methods by which ICAO 2 SARPs, PANS, ICAO annexes, ICAO documents LAWB notifies and implements legislation. Optional content: regional offices 2.1.2

Subtopic LAWB 2.2 — European and other agencies

BASIC Explain the purpose and function of 2 Network Manager function LAWB EUROCONTROL. 2.2.1 BASIC Explain the purpose and function of EASA. 2 LAWB 2.2.2 BASIC State the purpose and function of other 1 Optional content: ECAC, EU, ITU, CANSO, LAWB international agencies and their relevance WMO 2.2.3 to air traffic operations.

Subtopic LAWB 2.3 — Aviation associations

TOPIC LAWB 2 — INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

BASIC State the purpose of controller, pilot, airline 1 Optional content: IFATCA, IFALPA, IATA, AEA, LAWB and airspace user associations and their IAOPA, IACA, military services, ETF, ATCEUC 2.3.1 interaction with ATC.

TOPIC LAWB 3 — NATIONAL ORGANISATIONS Subtopic LAWB 3.1 — National authorities

BASIC Describe the purpose and function of 2 Optional content: civil aviation LAWB appropriate national agencies and their administration agencies, government 3.1.1 relevance to air traffic operations. agencies

Subtopic LAWB 3.2 — National legislative procedures

BASIC Recognise how legislation is implemented, 1 LAWB notified and updated. 3.2.1

Subtopic LAWB 3.3 — Competent authority

BASIC Name the competent authorities 1 LAWB responsible for ATCO licensing and ANSP 3.3.1 oversight. BASIC State how the competent authority carries 1 LAWB out its safety oversight responsibilities. 3.3.2

Subtopic LAWB 3.4 — National aviation associations

BASIC State the purpose of national controller, 1 LAWB pilot, airline and airspace user associations. 3.4.1

TOPIC LAWB 4 — ATS SAFETY MANAGEMENT Subtopic LAWB 4.1 — Safety regulation

BASIC Describe the need for safety regulation. 2 Regulation (EU) 2018/11391 LAWB Optional content: Regulation (EU) 4.1.1 2017/373 , national regulations BASIC Describe the general principles of safety 2 Optional content: Regulation (EU) LAWB regulation. 2017/373, national regulations 4.1.2 BASIC Explain the impact of safety regulation on 2 Optional content: Regulation (EU) 2015/340 , LAWB the controller. Regulation (EU) 2017/373 4.1.3

Subtopic LAWB 4.2 — Safety management system

TOPIC LAWB 4 — ATS SAFETY MANAGEMENT

BASIC Explain the regulatory requirements for 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 LAWB safety management systems in ATM. 4.2.1 BASIC Explain the principles of safety management 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 LAWB systems. 4.2.2 BASIC Describe the safety assessment 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 LAWB methodology. Optional content: EATMP Air navigation 4.2.3 system safety assessment methodology,

national regulations

TOPIC LAWB 5 — RULES AND REGULATIONS Subtopic LAWB 5.1 — Units of measurement

BASIC List the units of measurement used in 1 Council Directive 80/181/EEC on units of LAWB aviation. measurement , ICAO Annex 5 5.1.1

Subtopic LAWB 5.2 — ATCO licensing/certification

BASIC Explain the ATCO licensing/certification 2 Regulation (EU) 2015/340 , approved LAWB process. training courses; ATCO licences, ratings and 5.2.1 endorsements

Optional content: national processes

BASIC Explain the privileges and limitations of 2 Regulation (EU) 2015/340 LAWB controller licences. 5.2.2

Subtopic LAWB 5.3 — Overview of ANS

BASIC Differentiate between ANS. 2 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, LAWB Regulation (EC) No 549/2004 5.3.1

Subtopic LAWB 5.4 — Overview of ATS

BASIC State the considerations which determine 1 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 LAWB the need for ATS. 5.4.1 BASIC Differentiate between ATS. 2 ATCS, ADVS, FIS, ALRS LAWB 5.4.2 BASIC Explain the objectives of ATS. 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 LAWB 5.4.3

Subtopic LAWB 5.5 — Overview of Aeronautical Information Management (AIM)

TOPIC LAWB 5 — RULES AND REGULATIONS

BASIC Describe the means by which aeronautical 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 LAWB information is notified, updated and Optional content: AIS, integrated 5.5.1 disseminated. aeronautical information package (AIPs,

AIRAC, SUPs, AICs, NOTAMs), ICAO Annex 15

BASIC Recognise the information contained in the 1 LAWB different parts of the AIP. 5.5.2

Subtopic LAWB 5.6 — Rules of the air

BASIC Explain the rules of the air. 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 flight over the LAWB high seas, applicability and compliance, 5.6.1 general rules and collision avoidance BASIC State the published differences with ICAO. 1 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 LAWB Optional content: Supplements to ICAO 5.6.2 Annex 2 and ICAO Annex 11 BASIC Appreciate the influence of relevant flight 3 General flight rules, instrument flight rules, LAWB rules on ATC. visual flight rules 5.6.3 BASIC Appreciate the differences between flying in 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 LAWB accordance with VFR, special VFR and IFR in 5.6.4 VMC and IMC.

Subtopic LAWB 5.7 — Airspace and ATS routes

BASIC Explain airspace classification. 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 LAWB 5.7.1 BASIC Differentiate between the different types of 2 Optional content: control zones, control LAWB airspace. areas, airways, upper and lower airspace, 5.7.2 restricted areas, prohibited and danger areas, FIR, aerodrome traffic zone, etc. BASIC Differentiate between the different types of 2 Airway, arrival route, departure route, LAWB ATS routes. advisory route, controlled route, 5.7.3 uncontrolled route, etc. BASIC Decode information from aeronautical 3 LAWB charts. 5.7.4

Subtopic LAWB 5.8 — Flight plan

BASIC Explain the functions of a flight plan. 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, LAWB ICAO Doc 4444 5.8.1 BASIC Explain the different types of flight plans 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, LAWB and associated update messages. ICAO Doc 4444 5.8.2 BASIC Explain the pilot’s responsibilities in relation 2 Inadvertent changes, intended changes, LAWB to adherence to flight plan. position reporting 5.8.3 BASIC Describe flight plan submission and 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 LAWB distribution processes. 5.8.4

Subtopic LAWB 5.9 — Aerodromes

TOPIC LAWB 5 — RULES AND REGULATIONS

BASIC Describe the general design and layout of an 2 Runway(s), taxiways, apron, movement area, LAWB aerodrome. manoeuvring area, designated positions on 5.9.1 an aerodrome BASIC Explain the numbering system and 2 Regulation (EU) No 139/20141 LAWB orientation of runways. 5.9.2 BASIC Differentiate between different types of 2 Controlled, uncontrolled LAWB aerodromes. Optional content: military, international, 5.9.3 regional BASIC Describe designated positions in the traffic 2 LAWB circuit. 5.9.4 BASIC List the factors affecting the selection of 1 LAWB runway in use. 5.9.5

Subtopic LAWB 5.10 — Holding procedures for IFR flights

BASIC Describe the purpose of holding. 2 Traffic management, weather, pilot request, LAWB Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ICAO Doc 8168 5.10.1 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 BASIC Describe the types of holding patterns. 2 Published, non-published LAWB 5.10.2 BASIC Describe an ICAO holding pattern. 2 ICAO Doc 8168 — Parts of an IFR holding LAWB pattern, entry/exit procedures, dimensions

5. 10.3 of patterns, protected airspace, holding areas, alignment, rates of turns, holding times, expect further clearance, Expected Approach Times (EATs) BASIC Describe the factors affecting the holding 2 Effect of speed, effect of level used, effect of LAWB pattern. navigation aid in use, turbulence 5.10.4

Subtopic LAWB 5.11 — Holding procedures for VFR flights

BASIC Describe VFR holding. 2 LAWB 5.11.1

SUBJECT 2: AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

TOPIC ATMB 1 — AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT Subtopic ATMB 1.1 — Application of units of measurement

BASIC Apply the units of measurement 3 ATMB appropriate to ATM. 1.1.1

Subtopic ATMB 1.2 — Air traffic control (ATC) service

TOPIC ATMB 1 — AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

BASIC Define ATC service. 1 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ATMB 1.2.1 BASIC Explain the division of ATC service. 2 Regulation (EC) No 549/2004, Regulation (EU) ATMB 2017/373 1.2.2 BASIC Explain the responsibility for the provision 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ATMB of ATC service. 1.2.3 BASIC Differentiate between the different 2 Aerodrome, surveillance, procedural ATMB methods of providing ATC services. 1.2.4

Subtopic ATMB 1.3 — Flight information service (FIS)

BASIC Define FIS. 1 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ATMB 1.3.1 BASIC Describe the scope of FIS. 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ATMB 1.3.2 BASIC Explain the responsibility for the provision 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation (EU) ATMB of FIS. 2017/373 1.3.3 BASIC State the methods of transmitting 1 RTF, data link, ATIS, VOLMET ATMB information. 1.3.4 BASIC List the content of ATIS and VOLMET. 1 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation (EU) ATMB 2017/373 1.3.5 Optional content: meteorological data

obtained by data link, ICAO Annex 3

BASIC Issue information to aircraft. 3 Optional content: SIGMET, serviceability of ATMB navaids, weather, flight safety information, 1.3.6 essential traffic, essential local traffic, information related to aerodrome conditions, etc.

Subtopic ATMB 1.4 — Alerting service (ALRS)

BASIC Define ALRS. 1 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ATMB 1.4.1 BASIC Describe the scope of ALRS. 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ATMB ICAO Annex 11 1.4.2 BASIC Explain the responsibility for the provision 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ATMB of ALRS. Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 1.4.3 BASIC Differentiate between the phases of 2 Uncertainty, alert, distress ATMB emergency. 1.4.4 BASIC Describe the organisation of an ALRS. 2 Responsibilities, local organisation ATMB 1.4.5

TOPIC ATMB 1 — AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

BASIC Describe the cooperation between units 2 ATMB providing alerting services and the SAR 1.4.6 units. BASIC Differentiate between distress and urgency 2 Mayday, Pan Pan, Pan Pan Medical ATMB signals. Optional content: visual signals, etc. 1.4.7

Subtopic ATMB 1.5 — Air traffic advisory service

BASIC Define air traffic advisory service. 1 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ATMB 1.5.1 BASIC State the scope of air traffic advisory 1 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ATMB service. Regulation (EU) 2017/373 1.5.2 BASIC Explain the responsibility for the provision 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ATMB of air traffic advisory service. Regulation (EU) 2017/373 1.5.3

Subtopic ATMB 1.6 — ATS system capacity and air traffic flow management (ATFM)

BASIC Define ATFM. 1 Regulation (EC) No 549/2004 ATMB 1.6.1 BASIC Describe the scope of air traffic flow and 2 Regulation (EU) No 255/2010, ATMB capacity management (ATFCM). Regulation (EU) 2019/123, 1.6.2 ICAO Doc 4444, EUROCONTROL ATFCM Users Manual BASIC Explain the responsibility for the provision 2 Regulation (EU) No 255/2010, ATMB of ATFCM. Regulation (EU) 2019/123, 1.6.3 ICAO Doc 4444, EUROCONTROL ATFCM Users Manual BASIC List the methods of providing ATFCM. 1 Regulation (EU) No 255/2010, ATMB Regulation (EU) 2019/123, 1.6.4 EUROCONTROL ATFCM Users Manual

Subtopic ATMB 1.7 — Airspace management (ASM)

BASIC Define ASM. 1 Regulation (EC) No 549/2004 ATMB Optional content: Regulation (EC) 1.7.1 No 2150/2005 BASIC Describe the scope of ASM. 2 Regulation (EC) No 2150/2005, Regulation ATMB (EU) 2019/123 1.7.2 Optional content: FABs, EUROCONTROL

Specification for the application of the FUA

BASIC Explain the responsibility for the provision 2 Regulation (EC) No 2150/2005, Regulation ATMB of ASM. (EU) 2019/123 1.7.3 Optional content: EUROCONTROL

Specification for the application of the FUA

BASIC State the methods of managing airspace. 1 Regulation (EC) No 2150/2005, Regulation ATMB (EU) 2019/123 1.7.4 Optional content: Flexible use of airspace,

airspace design, CDRs, TSAs

TOPIC ATMB 2 — ALTIMETRY AND LEVEL ALLOCATION

Subtopic ATMB 2.1 — Altimetry

BASIC Appreciate the relationship between 3 QFE, QNH, standard pressure ATMB height, altitude and flight level. 2.1.1

Subtopic ATMB 2.2 — Transition level

BASIC Appreciate the relationship between 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ATMB transition level, transition altitude and ICAO Doc 4444 2.2.1 transition layer. Optional content: ICAO Doc 8168 BASIC Calculate the appropriate levels. 3 Optional content: transition level, transition ATMB layer, height, lowest useable flight level, 2.2.2 vertical distance to airspace boundaries

Subtopic ATMB 2.3 — Level allocation

BASIC Describe the cruising level allocation 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, table of ATMB system. cruising levels 2.3.1 BASIC Choose the appropriate levels. 3 Flight levels, altitudes, heights ATMB 2.3.2

TOPIC ATMB 3 — RADIOTELEPHONY (RTF) Subtopic ATMB 3.1 — RTF general operating procedures

BASIC Explain the need for approved phraseology. 2 ATMB 3.1.1 BASIC Use approved phraseology. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ATMB Optional content: national documents 3.1.2 BASIC Perform communication effectively. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, communication ATMB techniques, readback/verification of readback 3.1.3

TOPIC ATMB 4 — ATC CLEARANCES AND ATC INSTRUCTIONS

Subtopic ATMB 4.1 — Type and content of ATC clearances

BASIC Define ATC clearance. 1 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ATMB 4.1.1 BASIC Describe the contents of an ATC clearance. 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ATMB ICAO Doc 4444 4.1.2 BASIC Issue appropriate ATC clearances. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ATMB Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, national 4.1.3 documents

Subtopic ATMB 4.2 — ATC instructions

BASIC Define ATC Instructions. 1 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ATMB 4.2.1

TOPIC ATMB 4 — ATC CLEARANCES AND ATC INSTRUCTIONS BASIC Describe the contents of an ATC instruction. 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ATMB ICAO Doc 4444 4.2.2 BASIC Issue appropriate ATC instructions. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ATMB ICAO Doc 4444 4.2.3 Optional content: national documents

TOPIC ATMB 5 — COORDINATION Subtopic ATMB 5.1 — Principles, types and content of coordination

BASIC Explain the principles, types and content of 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ATMB coordination. ICAO Doc 4444, ICAO Annex 11 5.1.1 Optional content: notification, negotiation,

agreement, transfer of flight data and local

agreements, etc.

Subtopic ATMB 5.2 — Necessity for coordination

BASIC Appreciate the need for coordination. 3 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, Regulation ATMB (EU) No 923/2012, local procedures, letters of 5.2.1 agreement BASIC Differentiate between transfer of control 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ATMB and transfer of communication procedures. 5.2.2

Subtopic ATMB 5.3 — Means of coordination

BASIC Describe the means of coordination. 2 Optional content: data link, telephone, ATMB intercom, voice, etc. 5.3.1 BASIC Use the available means for coordination. 3 ATMB 5.3.2

TOPIC ATMB 6 — DATA DISPLAY

Subtopic ATMB 6.1 — Data extraction

BASIC Encode and decode an appropriate 3 Optional content: ICAO Doc 8585, ATMB selection of standard ICAO abbreviations. ICAO Doc 8643, ICAO Doc 7910 6.1.1 BASIC Extract pertinent data from relevant 3 Pilot reports, coordination, data exchange ATMB sources to produce a flight progress display. Optional content: flight plan 6.1.2 BASIC Encode and decode flight plans (including 3 ICAO format, AFTN format ATMB supplementary information). 6.1.3

Subtopic ATMB 6.2 — Data management

BASIC Update the situation display to accurately 3 Optional content: strip marking symbols, strip ATMB reflect the traffic situation. movement procedures, electronic data, label 6.2.1

TOPIC ATMB 7 — SEPARATIONS Subtopic ATMB 7.1 — Vertical separation and procedures

TOPIC ATMB 7 — SEPARATIONS

BASIC State the vertical separation standards. 1 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation (EU) ATMB 2017/373 7.1.1 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 BASIC Explain the vertical separation procedures. 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation (EU) ATMB 2017/373 7.1.2 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444

Subtopic ATMB 7.2 — Horizontal separation and procedures

BASIC State the principles of longitudinal 1 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, Regulation (EU) No ATMB separation procedures based on time and 923/2012 7.2.1 distance. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 BASIC State the principles of lateral separation 1 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, Regulation (EU) No ATMB procedures. 923/2012 7.2.2 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444

Subtopic ATMB 7.3 — Visual separation

BASIC State the occasions when clearance to fly by 1 ATMB maintaining own separation while in VMC 7.3.1 can be used.

Subtopic ATMB 7.4 — Aerodrome separation and procedures

BASIC State the aerodrome separation standards. 1 Separation on the manoeuvring area, in the ATMB traffic circuit, for departing and arriving 7.4.1 aircraft BASIC Explain the aerodrome separation 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, Regulation (EU) No ATMB procedures. 923/2012 7.4.2 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 BASIC Define essential local traffic. 1 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ATMB 7.4.3

Subtopic ATMB 7.5 — Separation based on ATS surveillance systems

BASIC Explain the use of ATS surveillance systems 2 Separation, identification, monitoring, ATMB in ATS. vectoring, expedition and assistance to traffic 7.5.1 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 BASIC Explain the ATS surveillance systems 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ATMB separation standards and procedures. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 7.5.2 BASIC Explain the methods and procedures for 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ATMB establishing identification. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 7.5.3

Subtopic ATMB 7.6 — Wake turbulence separation

BASIC Explain wake turbulence separation. 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation (EU) ATMB 2017/373 7.6.1 Optional content: EASA SIB 2017-10 ‘En-route

Wake Turbulence Encounters’

TOPIC ATMB 8 — AIRBORNE AND GROUND-BASED SAFETY NETS Subtopic ATMB 8.1 — Airborne safety nets

TOPIC ATMB 8 — AIRBORNE AND GROUND-BASED SAFETY NETS

BASIC State the European Union requirement for 1 Regulation (EU) No 1332/2011 ATMB carriage of airborne collision avoidance 8.1.1 system. BASIC Explain the main characteristics of airborne 2 ACAS, TAWS ATMB safety nets and their relevance to ATC Optional content: TCAS, EGPWS, wind shear 8.1.2 operations. alerts BASIC Explain the function of ACAS Traffic Alerts 2 Regulation (EU) No 1332/2011, ATMB and Resolution Advisories. ICAO Doc 8168 8.1.3 Optional content: Skybrary Safety Nets BASIC List the actions of the pilot in case of TA and 1 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ICAO Doc 9863 ATMB RA. 8.1.4 BASIC List the ACAS limitations. 1 ICAO Doc 9863 ATMB Optional content: Skybrary Safety Nets 8.1.5

Subtopic ATMB 8.2 — Ground-based safety nets

BASIC Explain the main characteristics of ground- 2 Optional content: STCA, MSAW, APW, APM, ATMB based safety nets and their relevance to Skybrary Safety Nets 8.2.1 ATC operations.

TOPIC ATMB 9 — BASIC PRACTICAL SKILLS Subtopic ATMB 9.1 — Traffic management process

BASIC Consider human information-processing in 2 Situational awareness, conflict detection, ATMB the provision of ATC. planning, decision-making, prioritisation, 9.1.1 execution BASIC Consider the need for verification that 2 Monitoring ATMB actions are carried out. 9.1.2

Subtopic ATMB 9.2 — Basic practical skills applicable to all ratings

BASIC Verify that the settings of the working 3 ATMB position are appropriate. 9.2.1 BASIC Operate the available working position 3 ATMB equipment. 9.2.2 BASIC Maintain situational awareness by 3 Information gathering, scanning, planning ATMB monitoring traffic. 9.2.3 BASIC Appreciate priority of actions. 3 ATMB 9.2.4 BASIC Execute selected plan. 3 ATMB 9.2.5 BASIC Apply the prescribed procedures for the 3 Optional content: LOPs, transfer of control ATMB area of responsibility. and communication, level allocation, inbound 9.2.6 and outbound procedures

TOPIC ATMB 9 — BASIC PRACTICAL SKILLS

BASIC Appreciate relative velocity between 3 ATMB aircraft. 9.2.7 BASIC Identify separation problems. 3 ATMB 9.2.8 BASIC Choose the appropriate separation 3 ATMB methods. 9.2.9 BASIC Apply separation. 3 Optional content: vertical, longitudinal, ATMB lateral, aerodrome, based on ATS surveillance 9.2.10 systems, distances from airspace boundaries

Subtopic ATMB 9.3 — Basic practical skills applicable to aerodromes

BASIC Perform the basic functions of aerodrome 3 ATMB control. 9.3.1 BASIC Perform the control of aerodrome traffic. 3 Single runway operations including VFR and ATMB IFR traffic 9.3.2

Subtopic ATMB 9.4 — Basic practical skills applicable to surveillance

BASIC Apply the procedures for establishing 3 Any of the ATS surveillance systems ATMB identification. identification methods 9.4.1 BASIC Estimate the heading for a new track and 3 ATMB the distance to the next waypoint. 9.4.2 BASIC Apply vectoring techniques. 3 ATMB 9.4.3 BASIC Conduct level changes. 3 Optional content: cruising level allocation, ATMB requested level change, climb/descent to exit 9.4.4 level, descent to an altitude or a height

SUBJECT 3: METEOROLOGY

TOPIC METB 1 — INTRODUCTION TO METEOROLOGY Subtopic METB 1.1 — Application of units of measurement

BASIC Apply the units of measurement 3 METB appropriate to meteorology. 1.1.1

Subtopic METB 1.2 — Aviation and meteorology

BASIC Recognise the relevance of meteorology in 1 METB aviation. 1.2.1 BASIC Explain the requirements for the provision 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 METB of meteorological information available to Optional content: ICAO Annex 3, 1.2.2 operators, flight crew members, and to air ICAO Annex 11 traffic services. BASIC State the meteorological hazards to 1 Turbulence, thunderstorms, icing, micro METB aviation. bursts, squall, macro burst, wind shear, 1.2.3 volcanic ash

Subtopic METB 1.3 — Organisation of meteorological service

BASIC State the basic duties of meteorological 1 Optional content: WAFS, WAFC, MWO, VAAC, METB offices. TCAC, SADIS, aerodrome meteorological 1.3.1 office, aeronautical meteorological station BASIC State the international and national 1 METB standards for coordination between ATS 1.3.2 and MET services.

TOPIC METB 2 — ATMOSPHERE Subtopic METB 2.1 — Composition and structure

BASIC State the composition and structure of the 1 Gases, layers METB atmosphere. 2.1.1 BASIC Describe the basic characteristics of the 2 Temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, METB atmospheric parameters measured. density 2.1.2 BASIC List the tools used for the collection of 1 Optional content: barometer, thermometer, METB meteorological data. ceilometer, anemometer, weather balloons, 2.1.3 transmissometer, radar, satellites, etc.

Subtopic METB 2.2 — Standard atmosphere

BASIC Describe the elements of the International 2 Temperature, pressure, density METB Standard Atmosphere (ISA). 2.2.1 BASIC State the reasons why the ISA has been 1 METB defined. 2.2.2

Subtopic METB 2.3 — Heat and temperature

BASIC Define the processes by which heat is 1 Radiation, convection, advection, conduction, METB transferred and how the atmosphere is water cycle 2.3.1 heated.

TOPIC METB 2 — ATMOSPHERE

BASIC Describe how temperature varies. 2 Adiabatic processes, lapse rates, stability, METB instability 2.3.2 BASIC State the influencing factors on surface 1 METB temperature. 2.3.3

Subtopic METB 2.4 — Water in the atmosphere

BASIC Differentiate between the different 2 Condensation, evaporation, sublimation, METB processes related to atmospheric moisture. saturation 2.4.1 BASIC Characterise relative humidity, dew point 2 METB and latent heat. 2.4.2

Subtopic METB 2.5 — Air pressure

BASIC Describe the relationship between 2 METB pressure, temperature, density and height. 2.5.1 BASIC Explain the relationship between pressure 2 QFE, QNH, standard pressure METB settings. 2.5.2 BASIC Explain the effect of air pressure and 2 METB temperature on altimeter readings and the 2.5.3 true altitude of aircraft.

TOPIC METB 3 — ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION Subtopic METB 3.1 — General air circulation

BASIC State the major atmospheric circulation 1 Optional content: Hadley cells, high and low METB features on the Earth. belts, polar fronts, westerly winds, upper-level 3.1.1 jet streams

Subtopic METB 3.2 — Air masses and frontal systems

BASIC State the typical air masses relevant to 1 Optional content: polar, arctic, tropical, METB European weather. equatorial (maritime and continental) 3.2.1 BASIC Recognise the main isobaric features. 1 Optional content: cyclones, anticyclones METB 3.2.2 BASIC Describe the difference between various 1 Warm front, cold front, occluded front METB fronts and the associated weather. 3.2.3

Subtopic METB 3.3 — Mesoscale systems

BASIC Recognise the main phenomena caused by 1 Mountain waves, valley winds, thunderstorm, METB mesoscale systems. squall line 3.3.1 Optional content: land/sea breezes, tornadoes, land spouts, waterspouts, Föhn,

slope winds

BASIC Explain the relevance of mesoscale systems 2 METB to aviation. 3.3.2

Subtopic METB 3.4 — Wind

TOPIC METB 3 — ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION

BASIC Explain the significance of wind phenomena 2 Optional content: veering, backing, gusting, METB and types. jet streams, land/sea breezes, Föhn, surface, 3.4.1 upper BASIC State the means by which wind is 1 Anemometer, wind sock METB measured. Optional content: wind sensor, Beaufort scale, 3.4.2 etc. BASIC Explain the effect of forces which influence 2 METB wind. 3.4.3

TOPIC METB 4 — METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA Subtopic METB 4.1 — Clouds

BASIC Explain the different conditions for the 2 METB formation of clouds. 4.1.1 BASIC State the different cloud types and their 1 METB main characteristics. 4.1.2 BASIC State how the cloud base and the amount 1 METB of cloud are measured and/or observed. 4.1.3 BASIC Define cloud base and ceiling. 1 METB 4.1.4 BASIC Differentiate between cloud base and 2 METB ceiling. 4.1.5

Subtopic METB 4.2 — Types of precipitation

BASIC Explain the significance of precipitation in 2 METB aviation. 4.2.1 BASIC Describe types of precipitation and their 2 Optional content: rain, snow, snow grains, METB corresponding cloud families. hail, ice pellets, ice crystals, drizzle 4.2.2

Subtopic METB 4.3 — Visibility

BASIC Explain the causes of atmospheric 2 METB obscurity. 4.3.1 BASIC Differentiate between different types of 2 Horizontal visibility, slant visibility, prevailing METB visibility. visibility, RVR 4.3.2 BASIC State the means by which visibility is 1 METB measured. 4.3.3 BASIC Explain the significance of visibility in 2 METB aviation. 4.3.4

Subtopic METB 4.4 — Meteorological hazards

TOPIC METB 4 — METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA

BASIC Explain the meteorological hazards to 2 Turbulence, icing, micro bursts, macro burst, METB aviation. wind shear, thunderstorms, volcanic ash 4.4.1 Optional content: squall BASIC Describe the effect of meteorological 2 METB hazards on aviation. 4.4.2

TOPIC METB 5 — METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION FOR AVIATION

Subtopic METB 5.1 — Messages and reports

BASIC Decode the content of weather reports and 3 METAR, SPECI, TAF, SIGMET METB forecasts. Optional content: local reports 5.1.1

SUBJECT 4: NAVIGATION

TOPIC NAVB 1 — INTRODUCTION TO NAVIGATION

Subtopic NAVB 1.1 — Application of units of measurement

BASIC Apply the units of measurement appropriate 3 NAVB to navigation. 1.1.1

Subtopic NAVB 1.2 — Purpose and use of navigation

BASIC Explain the need for navigation in aviation. 2 NAVB 1.2.1 BASIC Characterise navigation methods. 2 Optional content: historical overview, NAVB celestial, on-board, radio, satellites 1.2.2

TOPIC NAVB 2 — THE EARTH Subtopic NAVB 2.1 — Place and movement of the Earth

BASIC Explain the Earth’s properties and their 2 Form, size, rotation, revolution in space, NAVB effects. seasons, day, night, twilight, units of time, 2.1.1 time zones, UTC

Subtopic NAVB 2.2 — System of coordinates, direction and distance

BASIC Characterise the general principles of a grid 2 Latitude/longitude, degrees, minutes, NAVB system. seconds 2.2.1 BASIC Explain direction and distance on a globe. 2 Optional content: great circle, small circle, NAVB rhumb line, cardinal points, intercardinal 2.2.2 points BASIC Estimate position on the Earth’s surface. 3 Latitude/longitude NAVB 2.2.3 BASIC State the reference system used in aviation. 1 WGS 84 NAVB Optional content: impact of alternative 2.2.4 reference models

TOPIC NAVB 2 — THE EARTH Subtopic NAVB 2.3 — Magnetism

BASIC Explain the general principles of the Earth’s 2 True north, magnetic north, variation, NAVB magnetism. deviation, inclination, declination 2.3.1 BASIC Calculate conversions between the three 3 True north, magnetic north, compass north NAVB north designations. 2.3.2

TOPIC NAVB 3 — MAPS AND AERONAUTICAL CHARTS Subtopic NAVB 3.1 — Maps and charts used in aviation

BASIC Differentiate between the various maps and 2 AIP NAVB charts. 3.1.1 BASIC State the specific use of various maps and 1 NAVB charts. 3.1.2 BASIC Decode symbols and information displayed 3 Optional content: chart scale, topographical NAVB on maps and charts. features, NAV aids, fixes, fly-over and fly-by 3.1.3 waypoints, display of true north, magnetic north, variation, etc.

TOPIC NAVB 4 — NAVIGATIONAL BASICS

Subtopic NAVB 4.1 — Influence of wind

BASIC Appreciate the influence of wind on the flight 3 Heading, track, drift, wind vector NAVB path. Optional content: triangle of velocities 4.1.1

Subtopic NAVB 4.2 — Speed

BASIC Explain the relationship between various 2 True air speed, ground speed, indicated air NAVB speeds used in aviation. speed (including Mach number) 4.2.1 BASIC Appreciate the use of various speeds in ATC. 3 NAVB 4.2.2

Subtopic NAVB 4.3 — Visual navigation

BASIC Describe visual navigation. 2 Map reading, visual reference NAVB 4.3.1 BASIC State the cases where visual navigation is 1 Approach and landing, taxiing NAVB primarily used in commercial aviation. Optional content: visual aids 4.3.2

Subtopic NAVB 4.4 — Navigational aspects of flight planning

BASIC Describe the navigational aspects affecting 2 Optional content: fuel/time calculations, NAVB flight planning. minimum altitudes, alternative routes, 4.4.1 weather conditions, ICAO Flight Plan (Item 18

use)

TOPIC NAVB 5 — INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION Subtopic NAVB 5.1 — Ground-based systems

BASIC Explain the basic working principles of 2 VOR, DME, ILS NAVB ground-based systems. Optional content: VDF, NDB, TACAN 5.1.1 BASIC State the use of ground-based systems. 1 VOR, DME, ILS NAVB Optional content: VDF, NDB, TACAN 5.1.2 BASIC Characterise the main radio navigation 2 Area navigation, conventional navigation NAVB techniques based on ground-based systems. Optional content: homing, inbound/ outbound 5.1.3 tracking, instrument approach procedures,

holding, drift assessment

BASIC Explain the accuracy and limitations of 2 VDF, NDB, VOR, DME, ILS NAVB ground-based systems. Optional content: TACAN 5.1.4

Subtopic NAVB 5.2 — Inertial navigation systems

BASIC Explain the basic working principles, precision 2 Optional content: INS/IRS NAVB and limitations of on-board systems. 5.2.1 BASIC State the use of on-board systems. 1 NAVB 5.2.2

Subtopic NAVB 5.3 — Satellite-based systems

BASIC Explain the basic working principles of a 2 Optional content: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, NAVB satellite positioning system. Beidou 5.3.1 BASIC State the basic principles of the GNSS 1 Basic, ABAS, SBAS, GBAS NAVB concept. Optional content: core constellations, MCMF, 5.3.2 integrity, RAIM, accuracy improvement,

geometric altitude accuracy

BASIC Explain the limitations of satellite-based 2 GPS, Galileo NAVB systems. Optional content: GLONASS, Beidou, integrity, 5.3.3 GPS NOTAMs

Subtopic NAVB 5.4 — Instrument approach procedures

BASIC Recognise various types of instrument 1 Precision Approach (PA), Approach Procedure NAVB approach using aeronautical charts. with Vertical guidance (APV), Non-Precision 5.4.1 Approach (NPA) BASIC Differentiate between precision approach 2 Optional content: 2D/3D operations NAVB and non-precision approach procedures. 5.4.2 BASIC Recognise the different minima used during 1 NAVB an instrument approach. 5.4.3 BASIC Define the terms appropriate to instrument 1 OCA/OCH, MDA/MDH and DA/DH NAVB approach minima. 5.4.4 BASIC List the instrument approach fixes. 1 IAF, IF, FAF, FAP, MAPt NAVB 5.4.5

TOPIC NAVB 6 — PERFORMANCE-BASED NAVIGATION Subtopic NAVB 6.1 — Principles and benefits of area navigation

BASIC Explain the basic principles of area 2 Optional content: requirement for navigation NAVB navigation. computer, suitable sensors, ICAO Doc 9613 6.1.1 BASIC State the benefits of area navigation. 1 Optional content: ICAO Doc 9613 NAVB 6.1.2 BASIC State the effects of navigational performance 1 TSE, PDE, NSE, FTE NAVB accuracy of RNAV systems on the flight. Optional content: high-quality data, 6.1.3 ICAO Doc 9613 BASIC Characterise the main aircraft and avionics 2 Optional content: database, fly-over and fly- NAVB functionalities used in area navigation. by waypoints transitions, managed turns (RF 6.1.4 and FRT) path terminators, parallel offset,

autopilot/flight director (AP/FD)

BASIC Characterise the navigational functions of 2 Optional content: VNAV, LNAV NAVB FMS. 6.1.5

Subtopic NAVB 6.2 — Introduction to PBN

BASIC State the general concept of PBN. 1 Components of PBN NAVB Optional content: key enabler, 6.2.1 ICAO Doc 9613 BASIC Differentiate between RNAV and RNP. 2 On-board performance monitoring and NAVB alerting 6.2.2 Optional content: different generations of

aircraft and on-board systems

BASIC State the navigation infrastructure that may 1 VOR, DME, GNSS NAVB be used in PBN. Optional content: functionality IRS/INS 6.2.3 BASIC State the benefits of the PBN concept. 1 Optional content: global interoperability, NAVB limited number of navigation specifications, 6.2.4 the PBN concept enables continuous descent

operations (CDO) and continuous climb operations (CCO)

BASIC List the navigation specifications and the 1 RNAV 10, RNAV 5, RNAV 2, RNAV 1, RNP 4, NAVB phases of flight they are applicable to. RNP 2, RNP 1, RNP 0.3, A-RNP, RNP APCH and 6.2.5 RNP AR APCH

Optional content: ICAO Doc 9613

Subtopic NAVB 6.3 — PBN applications

BASIC State the navigation applications used in 1 RNAV 5, RNAV 1, RNP 1 with RF, RNP 0.3, NAVB Europe. RNP APCH 6.3.1 Optional content: PCP (Regulation (EU) No 716/2014 )

(AF #1, AF #3), PBN (Regulation (EU)

2018/1048)

TOPIC NAVB 7 — DEVELOPMENTS IN NAVIGATION

Subtopic NAVB 7.1 — Future developments

BASIC State future developments in navigation. 1 Optional content: 3D VNAV outside FA, NAVB trajectory-based operations 7.1.1

SUBJECT 5: AIRCRAFT

TOPIC ACFTB 1 — INTRODUCTION TO AIRCRAFT Subtopic ACFTB 1.1 — Application of units of measurement

BASIC Apply the units of measurement appropriate 3 ACFTB to aircraft and the principles of flight. 1.1.1

Subtopic ACFTB 1.2 — Aviation and aircraft

BASIC Explain the relevance of theory of flight and 2 ACFTB aircraft characteristics in ATS operations. 1.2.1

TOPIC ACFTB 2 — PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT Subtopic ACFTB 2.1 — Forces acting on aircraft

BASIC Explain the forces acting on an aircraft in 2 Lift, thrust, drag, weight during level flight ACFTB flight and their interaction. Optional content: during climb, descent, turn 2.1.1 BASIC Explain causes and effects of wake 2 Induced drag ACFTB turbulence. 2.1.2

Subtopic ACFTB 2.2 — Structural components and control of an aircraft

BASIC Describe the main structural components of 2 Rotary and fixed wing, tail plane, fuselage, ACFTB an aircraft. flap, aileron, elevator, rudder, landing gear 2.2.1 BASIC Explain how the pilot controls the 2 Rudder, aileron, elevator, throttle, rotary ACFTB movements of an aircraft. wing controls 2.2.2 BASIC Explain the factors affecting aircraft 2 ACFTB stability. 2.2.3 BASIC List aircraft design features reducing 1 Optional content: winglet, tip tanks, reducing ACFTB induced drag. wing incidence, aspect ratio, etc. 2.2.4 BASIC Explain aircraft lights and their functions. 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ICAO Annex 6 ACFTB Optional content: position lights, anti-collision 2.2.5 lights, taxi lights, navigation lights,

stroboscopic lights, landing lights

Subtopic ACFTB 2.3 — Flight envelope

BASIC Characterise the critical factors which affect 2 Maximum speeds, minimum and stall speeds, ACFTB aircraft performance. ceiling, critical angle of attack, maximum ROC 2.3.1

TOPIC ACFTB 3 — AIRCRAFT CATEGORIES Subtopic ACFTB 3.1 — Aircraft categories

BASIC List the different categories of aircraft. 1 Fixed wing, rotary wing, balloon, glider, RPAS ACFTB 3.1.1

Subtopic ACFTB 3.2 — Wake turbulence categories

BASIC List the wake turbulence categories. 1 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ACFTB 3.2.1

Subtopic ACFTB 3.3 — ICAO approach categories

BASIC List the ICAO approach categories. 1 ICAO Doc 8168 ACFTB 3.3.1

Subtopic ACFTB 3.4 — Environmental categories

BASIC List the ICAO noise classification. ICAO Annex 16 ACFTB Optional content 3.4.1 https://www.easa.europa.eu/eaer/topics/tec hnology-and-design/aircraft-noise

TOPIC ACFTB 4 — AIRCRAFT DATA

Subtopic ACFTB 4.1 — Recognition

BASIC Recognise the most commonly used aircraft. 1 ACFTB 4.1.1

Subtopic ACFTB 4.2 — Performance data

BASIC State the ICAO aircraft type designators and 1 Type designators, approach and wake ACFTB categories for the most commonly used turbulence categories 4.2.1 aircraft. BASIC State the standard average performance 1 Rate of climb/descent, cruising speed, ceiling ACFTB data of the most commonly used aircraft. 4.2.2

TOPIC ACFTB 5 — AIRCRAFT ENGINES Subtopic ACFTB 5.1 — Piston engines

BASIC Explain the operating principles, advantages 2 Piston engines, fixed pitch, variable pitch, ACFTB and disadvantages of the piston engine and number of blades 5.1.1 propeller.

Subtopic ACFTB 5.2 — Jet engines

BASIC Explain the operating principles, advantages 2 ACFTB and disadvantages of the jet engine. 5.2.1 BASIC List the different types of jet engines. 1 ACFTB 5.2.2

Subtopic ACFTB 5.3 — Turboprop engines

BASIC Explain the operating principles, advantages 2 ACFTB and disadvantages of the turboprop engine 5.3.1 and propeller.

TOPIC ACFTB 5 — AIRCRAFT ENGINES Subtopic ACFTB 5.4 — Electric engines

BASIC Explain the operating principles, advantages 2 ACFTB and disadvantages of the electric engine. 5.4.1

Subtopic ACFTB 5.5 — Sources of energy used in aviation

BASIC List the sources of energy used in aviation 1 Petroleum-based fuels (Avgas, Jet A-1, Jet B, ACFTB propulsion systems. biokerosene), electrical energy stored or 5.5.1 generated on board the aircraft

Optional content: hydrogen cell

TOPIC ACFTB 6 — AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTS Subtopic ACFTB 6.1 — Flight instruments

BASIC Explain the basic operating principles and 2 Altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed ACFTB interpretation of the information displayed indicator, turn and bank indicator, artificial 6.1.1 by flight instruments. horizon, gyrosyn compass BASIC Explain the impact of errors and abnormal 2 Optional content: pitot-static failures, ACFTB indications of flight instruments on aircraft unreliable gyro source 6.1.2 operations.

Subtopic ACFTB 6.2 — Navigational instruments

BASIC Describe the basic on-board operating 2 Optional content: ADF, VOR (TACAN), DME, ACFTB principles and interpretation of the ILS, inertial reference system, satellite-based 6.2.1 information displayed by navigational systems instruments/systems.

Subtopic ACFTB 6.3 — Engine instruments

BASIC List the vital engine monitoring parameters 1 Optional content: oil pressure and ACFTB and their associated instruments. temperature, engine temperature, rpm, fuel 6.3.1 state and flow, battery resource

Subtopic ACFTB 6.4 — Aircraft elements and systems

BASIC Explain the use of the most common 2 SSR transponder, GPWS, EFIS, flight director, ACFTB aircraft systems. autopilot, FMS, ice protection, cabin 6.4.1 pressurisation, fire detection and extinguishing, emergency oxygen supply systems

Optional content: ADS capability, head-up

display, wind shear indicator, weather radar, hydraulic system, electrical system,

environmental system

BASIC Explain the impact of degradation/failure of 2 Engine failure ACFTB the most common aircraft systems on Optional content: hydraulic failure, electrical 6.4.2 aircraft operations. failure, environmental system failure,

degradation of aircraft position source data

BASIC Explain common aircraft elements and their 2 Aircraft cabin, flight deck, galley, doors, cargo ACFTB functions. compartments 6.4.3

TOPIC ACFTB 7 — FACTORS AFFECTING AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE

Subtopic ACFTB 7.1 — Take-off factors

BASIC Explain the factors affecting aircraft during 2 Runway conditions, runway slope, wind, ACFTB take-off. temperature, aerodrome elevation, aircraft 7.1.1 mass

Subtopic ACFTB 7.2 — Climb factors

BASIC Explain the factors affecting aircraft during 2 Speed, mass, wind, wind shear, temperature, ACFTB climb. cabin pressurisation, air density 7.2.1

Subtopic ACFTB 7.3 — Cruise factors

BASIC Explain the factors affecting aircraft during 2 Level, cruising speed, wind, mass, cabin ACFTB cruise. pressurisation 7.3.1

Subtopic ACFTB 7.4 — Descent and initial approach factors

BASIC Explain the factors affecting aircraft during 2 Wind, speed, rate of descent, aircraft ACFTB descent. configuration, cabin pressurisation 7.4.1 BASIC Explain the factors affecting an aircraft in a 2 Speed, level, turbulence, icing ACFTB holding pattern. 7.4.2 BASIC Explain the benefits of continuous descent 2 ACFTB operations. 7.4.3

Subtopic ACFTB 7.5 — Final approach and landing factors

BASIC Explain the factors affecting aircraft during 2 Aircraft configuration, mass, wind, wind ACFTB final approach and landing. shear, aerodrome elevation, runway 7.5.1 conditions, runway slope

Subtopic ACFTB 7.6 — Economic factors

BASIC Explain the economic consequences of ATC 2 Routing, flight level, speed, rates of climb or ACFTB changes on the flight profile of an aircraft. descent, continuous descent operations 7.6.1 (CDO), continuous climb operations (CCO)

Subtopic ACFTB 7.7 — Environmental factors

BASIC Explain performance restrictions due to 2 Optional content: continuous descent ACFTB environmental considerations. operations (CDO), continuous climb 7.7.1 operations (CCO), fuel-dumping, noise-

abatement procedures, minimum flight levels

SUBJECT 6: HUMAN FACTORS

TOPIC HUMB 1 — INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN PERFORMANCE Subtopic HUMB 1.1 — Relevance of human factors to ATC

BASIC Define human factors. 1 HUMB 1.1.1 BASIC Define human performance. 1 HUMB 1.1.2

TOPIC HUMB 1 — INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN PERFORMANCE

BASIC Explain the relevance of human factors to 2 Historical background, safety impact on ATM, HUMB ATM. licensing requirements, incidents 1.1.3 BASIC Recognise the evolution of human 2 Optional content: Regulation (EU) 2015/340; HUMB performance during an ATCO’s career. experience; initial, unit, continuation and 1.1.4 development training

TOPIC HUMB 2 — HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Subtopic HUMB 2.1 — Fitness for duty

BASIC Recognise the effect of health and well- 1 HUMB being on fitness for duty. 2.1.1 BASIC List the reasons for provisional inability to 1 Regulation (EU) 2015/340 HUMB exercise the privileges of the ATCO licence. 2.1.2 BASIC Recognise signs of lack of personal fitness. 1 Cognitive and physical fitness HUMB 2.1.3 BASIC Describe good practices that contribute to 2 Optional content: fitness, diet HUMB maintaining fitness for duty. 2.1.4

Subtopic HUMB 2.2 — Stress and fatigue

BASIC Define stress. 1 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 HUMB 2.2.1 BASIC Define fatigue. 1 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 HUMB 2.2.2 BASIC Differentiate between stress and fatigue. 2 ICAO Doc 9966 HUMB 2.2.3 BASIC Explain the causal factors of stress and 2 Optional content: EUROCONTROL Fatigue HUMB fatigue. and sleep management 2.2.4

Subtopic HUMB 2.3 — Substance use and responsibility

BASIC Define psychoactive substance. 1 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 HUMB 2.3.1 BASIC Explain the effect of psychoactive substance 2 HUMB use on the individual and on safety. 2.3.2 BASIC Describe individual responsibility in terms of 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 HUMB psychoactive substance use. 2.3.3

TOPIC HUMB 3 — HUMAN PERFORMANCE Subtopic HUMB 3.1 — Individual behaviour

BASIC Define human behaviour. 1 HUMB 3.1.1 BASIC Explain the differences and commonalities 2 Optional content: attitude, cultural, HUMB that exist among people. language, motivation 3.1.2 BASIC Describe the reasons for complacency and 2 Safety, working relationship — team HUMB the associated effects. 3.1.3 BASIC Describe the reasons for overconfidence 2 Safety, working relationship — team HUMB and the associated effects. 3.1.4 BASIC Explain the dangers of boredom. 2 HUMB 3.1.5

Subtopic HUMB 3.2 — Safety culture and professional conduct

BASIC Recognise professional conduct in the 1 Optional content: professionalism, attitude, HUMB workplace. communication, teamwork 3.2.1 BASIC Describe how the air traffic controller 2 Optional content: attitude towards safety, HUMB contributes to a positive safety culture. punctuality, rigour, adherence to rules and 3.2.2 regulations, teamwork attitude, etc. BASIC Consider the factors which influence 2 Optional content: situation, team, personal HUMB responsible behaviour. situation and judgement, instance of 3.2.3 justification, moral motivation, personality

TOPIC HUMB 4 — HUMAN ERROR Subtopic HUMB 4.1 — Definition of human error

BASIC Define human error. 1 HUMB 4.1.1

Subtopic HUMB 4.2 — Classification of human error

BASIC List the types of errors. 1 Optional content: slips, lapses, mistakes HUMB 4.2.1 BASIC Describe the factors which contribute to the 2 Fatigue, lack of skill, misunderstanding, HUMB occurrence of different types of errors and multitasking, lack of information, distraction, 4.2.2 how these may be reduced. lack of work satisfaction BASIC Define violations. 1 HUMB 4.2.3 BASIC Differentiate between errors and violations 2 HUMB of rules and their consequences for the 4.2.4 controller.

TOPIC HUMB 5 — TEAMWORK Subtopic HUMB 5.1 — Teamwork and team roles

BASIC Define teamwork. 1 HUMB 5.1.1 BASIC Describe the differences between social 2 HUMB human relations and professional 5.1.2 interactions. BASIC Explain the different types of teams in the 2 Optional content: executive/planner, shift HUMB ATC environment. team, sector group or ATC unit team, team 5.1.3 with pilots, team with adjacent ATC units BASIC Recognise the different types, roles and 1 HUMB characters in a team 5.1.4 BASIC Characterise the principles of teamwork. 2 Optional content: team membership, team HUMB roles, group dynamics, 5.1.5 advantages/disadvantages of teamwork,

conflicts and their solutions

TOPIC HUMB 6 — COMMUNICATION Subtopic HUMB 6.1 — Communication in ATC

BASIC Define communication. 1 HUMB 6.1.1 BASIC List an ATCO’s communication partners. 1 HUMB 6.1.2 BASIC Explain good communication practices. 2 Speaking and listening HUMB 6.1.3 BASIC Differentiate between hearing and listening. 2 HUMB 6.1.4

Subtopic HUMB 6.2 — Communication modes

BASIC Describe the factors which affect verbal 2 Optional content: word choice, intonation, HUMB communication. speed, tone, distortion, load, expectation, 6.2.1 noise, interruption, language competence BASIC Describe the factors which affect non-verbal 2 Optional content: touch, choice, expectation, HUMB communication. noise, interruption 6.2.2 BASIC Describe misunderstandings that may arise 2 HUMB during a controller’s communication. 6.2.3

SUBJECT 7: EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

TOPIC EQPSB 1 — ATC EQUIPMENT

Subtopic EQPSB 1.1 — Main types of ATC equipment

BASIC Explain the relevance of ATC equipment. 2 CWP, communication equipment, ATS EQPSB surveillance systems 1.1.1

TOPIC EQPSB 2 — RADIO

Subtopic EQPSB 2.1 — Radio theory

BASIC Describe the characteristics of radio waves. 2 Propagation, limitations EQPSB 2.1.1 BASIC State the use, characteristics and limitations 1 Use in ATC, navigation and communications, EQPSB of frequency bands. and surveillance, use and application in the 2.1.2 Aeronautical Mobile Service BASIC State the different uses of radio wave 1 EQPSB spectrum. 2.1.3

Subtopic EQPSB 2.2 — Direction finding

BASIC State the principles and use of VDF/UDF. 1 VDF/UDF, QDM, QDR, QTE EQPSB Optional content: precision of VDF/UDF used 2.2.1 in the State system

TOPIC EQPSB 3 — COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT Subtopic EQPSB 3.1 — Radio communications

BASIC State the use of the radio in ATC. 1 EQPSB 3.1.1 BASIC Describe the working principles of a 2 EQPSB transmitting and receiving system. 3.1.2 BASIC Explain the effect of antenna shadowing on 2 EQPSB RTF communications. 3.1.3

Subtopic EQPSB 3.2 — Voice communication between ATS units/positions and others

BASIC Describe the use of other voice 2 Optional content: telephone, interphone, EQPSB communications. intercom 3.2.1

Subtopic EQPSB 3.3 — Data link communications

BASIC Explain the use and benefits of controller 2 EQPSB pilot data link communications (CPDLC). 3.3.1 BASIC Explain the use and benefits of aircraft 2 EQPSB communications addressing and reporting 3.3.2 system (ACARS).

Subtopic EQPSB 3.4 — Airline communications

TOPIC EQPSB 3 — COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

BASIC State the use of SELCAL. 1 EQPSB 3.4.1

TOPIC EQPSB 4 — INTRODUCTION TO SURVEILLANCE

Subtopic EQPSB 4.1 — Surveillance concept in ATS

BASIC Describe the concept of surveillance for the 2 EQPSB provision of ATS. 4.1.1

TOPIC EQPSB 5 — RADAR Subtopic EQPSB 5.1 — Principles of radar

BASIC State the principles of radar. 1 EQPSB 5.1.1 BASIC Recognise the characteristics of radar 1 EQPSB wavelengths. 5.1.2 BASIC Recognise the use, characteristics and 1 Optional content: frequency bands, long- and EQPSB limitations of different radar types. short-range radar, weather radar, high- 5.1.3 resolution radar

Subtopic EQPSB 5.2 — Primary radar

BASIC Explain the working principles of PSR. 2 EQPSB 5.2.1

Subtopic EQPSB 5.3 — Secondary radar

BASIC Explain the working principles of SSR. 2 Mode A, Mode C, Mode S EQPSB 5.3.1 BASIC Explain SSR code management 2 Discrete, non-discrete codes, special codes EQPSB 5.3.2 BASIC Explain the effect of antenna shadowing on 2 EQPSB SSR operation. 5.3.3

Subtopic EQPSB 5.4 — Use of radars

BASIC Explain the use of PSR/SSR in area, 2 Mode A, Mode C, Mode S, SMR EQPSB approach and aerodrome control. Optional content: DFTI 5.4.1 BASIC Explain the advantages and disadvantages 2 EQPSB of PSR/SSR. 5.4.2

TOPIC EQPSB 6 — AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE Subtopic EQPSB 6.1 — Principles of automatic dependent surveillance (ADS)

BASIC State the different applications of ADS. 1 ADS-B, ADS-C EQPSB 6.1.1

TOPIC EQPSB 6 — AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE

BASIC Explain the working principles of ADS. 2 EQPSB 6.1.2

Subtopic EQPSB 6.2 — Use of automatic dependent surveillance (ADS)

BASIC Describe the use of ADS in ATC. 2 Area, approach, aerodrome, ICAO Doc 4444 EQPSB 6.2.1 BASIC Explain the limitations of ADS. 2 Dependency on GNSS, dependency on EQPSB airborne equipment 6.2.2

TOPIC EQPSB 7 — MULTILATERATION Subtopic EQPSB 7.1 — Principles of multilateration (MLAT)

BASIC State the different applications of MLAT. 1 Optional content: ATC, environmental EQPSB management, airport operations, LAM, WAM 7.1.1 BASIC Explain the working principles of MLAT. 2 Optional content: passive and active MLAT EQPSB 7.1.2

Subtopic EQPSB 7.2 — Use of multilateration (MLAT)

BASIC Describe the use of MLAT in ATC. 2 Area, approach, aerodrome EQPSB 7.2.1 BASIC Explain the limitations of MLAT. 2 Dependency on airborne equipment EQPSB 7.2.2

TOPIC EQPSB 8 —DATA PROCESSING Subtopic EQPSB 8.1 — Surveillance data networking

BASIC Explain the advantages and disadvantages 2 Data quality, coverage, refresh rate, reliability, EQPSB of different surveillance technologies. redundancy, cost-effectiveness 8.1.1 BASIC Describe the implementation of 2 Optional content: different EQPSB Surveillance Data Networks. technologies/sensors, network 8.1.2

Subtopic EQPSB 8.2 — Working principles of surveillance data networking

BASIC State the working principles of surveillance 1 Surveillance information presented on CWP EQPSB data processing. 8.2.1 BASIC State other use of processed surveillance 1 Optional content: safety nets, airport EQPSB data. operations, environmental management 8.2.2

Subtopic EQPSB 8.3 — Flight data processing

BASIC Explain the FDPS core functions. 2 Optional content: system flight plan, data EQPSB input, SSR code management, coordination, 8.3.1 correlation/decorrelation, etc.

TOPIC EQPSB 9 — FUTURE EQUIPMENT

Subtopic EQPSB 9.1 — New developments

BASIC State the developments in the equipment 1 EQPSB field for introduction in the near future. 9.1.1

TOPIC EQPSB 10 — AUTOMATION IN ATS

Subtopic EQPSB 10.1 — Principles of automation

BASIC Describe the principles of automation in 2 EQPSB communication and data links in ATS. 10.1.1

Subtopic EQPSB 10.2 — Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network (AFTN)

BASIC Describe the principles of AFTN. 2 EQPSB 10.2.1

Subtopic EQPSB 10.3 — Online data interchange

BASIC Describe the benefits of automatic exchange 2 Accuracy, speed and safety, non-verbal EQPSB of ATS data in coordination and transfer communication 10.3.1 processes. BASIC Describe the limitations of automatic 2 Non-recognition of a system’s failure EQPSB exchange of ATS data in coordination. 10.3.2

Subtopic EQPSB 10.4 — Systems used for the automatic dissemination of information

BASIC State the working principles of broadcasting 1 Optional content: ATIS, VOLMET EQPSB systems. 10.4.1 BASIC Explain the use of ATIS and VOLMET in ATS. 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, EQPSB ICAO Annex 3 10.4.2

TOPIC EQPSB 11 — WORKING POSITIONS

Subtopic EQPSB 11.1 — Working position equipment

BASIC Recognise equipment in a working position. 1 Optional content: FPB, radio, telephone and EQPSB other communications equipment, relevant 11.1.1 maps and charts, strip printer, teleprinter,

clock, information monitors, situation displays

Subtopic EQPSB 11.2 — Aerodrome control

BASIC Recognise equipment to be found 1 Optional content: wind indicator, aerodrome EQPSB specifically in a TWR. traffic monitor, SMR, crash alarm, signalling 11.2.1 lamp, lighting control panel, runway-in-use indicator, binoculars, signalling/flare gun,

IRVR and altimeter-setting indicators, local information systems

Subtopic EQPSB 11.3 — Approach control

BASIC Recognise equipment to be found 1 Optional content: sequencing system, PAR, EQPSB specifically in an APP. RVR indicators 11.3.1

Subtopic EQPSB 11.4 — Area control

BASIC Recognise equipment to be found 1 EQPSB specifically in an ACC.

TOPIC EQPSB 11 — WORKING POSITIONS 11.4.1

SUBJECT 8: PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT

TOPIC PENB 1 — FAMILIARISATION

Subtopic PENB 1.1 — ATS and aerodrome facilities

BASIC Recognise civil and military ATS facilities. 1 Optional content: TWR, APP, ACC, AIS, RCC, PENB Air Defence Unit 1.1.1 BASIC Recognise airport facilities and local 1 Optional content: firefighting and emergency PENB operators. services, airline operations 1.1.2

TOPIC PENB 2 — AIRSPACE USERS Subtopic PENB 2.1 — Civil aviation

BASIC Describe airspace usage by civil aircraft. 2 Optional content: commercial flying, PENB recreational flying, RPAS, gliders, balloons, 2.1.1 calibration flights, aerial photography,

skydiving

Subtopic PENB 2.2 — Military aviation

BASIC Describe airspace usage by military aircraft. 2 Airspace reservations, training, interception, PENB in-flight refuelling, RPAS 2.2.1 Optional content: low-level flying, test flights,

special military operations

Subtopic PENB 2.3 — Pilot expectations and requirements

BASIC Recognise pilots’ expectations and 1 PENB requirements. 2.3.1 BASIC State the use of Standard Operating 1 PENB Procedures (SOPs) by aircraft operators. 2.3.2

TOPIC PENB 3 — CUSTOMER RELATIONS Subtopic PENB 3.1 — ATS as a service provider

BASIC State the role of ATS as a service provider. 1 Optional content: Skybrary — Air Traffic PENB Service 3.1.1 BASIC Recognise the means by which ATS providers 1 PENB are funded. 3.1.2

TOPIC PENB 4 — ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Subtopic PENB 4.1 — Environmental protection

BASIC Describe the impact aviation has on the 2 Noise, air quality, climate change, third-party PENB environment. risks 4.1.1 BASIC Explain the role of ATS in the concept of 2 Optional content: ICAO Annex 16 PENB sustainable development. 4.1.2 BASIC State how the impact of aviation on the 1 Optional content: EU ETS, SES initiative, PENB environment can be mitigated by ANSPs. EUROCONTROL role, continuous descent 4.1.3 operations (CDOs), continuous climb

operations (CCO), collaborative environmental management (CEM), noise-abatement procedures

AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i) Composition of initial training

AERODROME CONTROL (ADC) RATING FOR ADC TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES

(a) The general principles that apply to this AMC are contained in AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a). (b) The ATCO rating training Aerodrome Control Rating (ADC) should contain the following topics, subtopics and training objectives that are associated with the subjects, topics and subtopics contained in point ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i) Aerodrome Control Rating (ADC). (c) Subjects from point ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(i) are repeated in this AMC for the convenience of the reader and do not form part of it. INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE

TOPIC INTR 1 — COURSE MANAGEMENT Subtopic INTR 1.1 — Course introduction

ADC Explain the aims and main objectives 2 ALL INTR of the course. 1.1.1

Subtopic INTR 1.2 — Course administration

ADC State how the course is administered. 1 ALL INTR 1.2.1

Subtopic INTR 1.3 — Study material and training documentation

ADC Use appropriate documents and their 3 Optional content: training documentation, ALL INTR sources for course studies. library, CBT library, web, learning 1.3.1 management server ADC Integrate appropriate information 4 Training documentation ALL INTR into course studies. Optional content: supplementary 1.3.2 information, library

TOPIC INTR 2 — INTRODUCTION TO THE ATC TRAINING COURSE Subtopic INTR 2.1 — Course content and organisation

ADC State the different training methods 1 Theoretical training, practical training, ALL INTR used during the course. self-study, types of training events 2.1.1 ADC State the subjects covered by the 1 ALL INTR course and their purpose. 2.1.2 ADC Describe the organisation of 2 Optional content: course programme ALL INTR theoretical training. 2.1.3 ADC Describe the organisation of practical 2 Optional content: PTP, simulation, ALL INTR training. briefing, debriefing, course programme 2.1.4

Subtopic INTR 2.2 — Training ethos

ADC Recognise the feedback mechanisms 1 Training progress, assessment, briefing, ALL INTR available. debriefing, learner–instructor feedback, 2.2.1 instructor–instructor feedback

Subtopic INTR 2.3 — Assessment process

ADC Describe the assessment process. 2 ALL INTR 2.3.1

SUBJECT 1: AVIATION LAW

TOPIC LAW 1 — ATCO LICENSING/CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENCE Subtopic LAW 1.1 — Privileges and conditions

ADC Appreciate the conditions which shall 3 Regulation (EU) 2015/340 ADC LAW be met to issue an Aerodrome Optional content: national documents 1.1.1 Control rating. ADC Explain how to maintain and update 2 ALL LAW professional knowledge and skills to 1.1.2 retain competence in the operational environment. ADC Explain the conditions for the 2 Regulation (EU) 2015/340 ALL LAW suspension/revocation of an ATCO 1.1.3 licence.

TOPIC LAW 2 — RULES AND REGULATIONS Subtopic LAW 2.1 — Reports

ADC Describe the functions of, and 2 Reporting culture, forms for mandatory ALL LAW processes for, reporting. and voluntary occurrence reporting,

TOPIC LAW 2 — RULES AND REGULATIONS

2.1.1 Regulation (EU) No 376/2014 , Regulation (EU) 2015/1018 Optional content: breach of regulations,

watchbook/logbook, records, voluntary reporting

ADC Use forms for reporting. 3 Regulation (EU) No 376/2014, forms for ALL LAW mandatory and voluntary occurrence 2.1.2 reporting Optional content: routine air-reports, breach of regulations,

watchbook/logbook, records

Subtopic LAW 2.2 — Airspace

ADC Appreciate airspace classes and 3 ADC LAW structure and their relevance to 2.2.1 operations using the Aerodrome Control rating. ADC Provide planning, coordination and 4 Optional content: Regulation (EU) ALL LAW control actions appropriate to the No 923/2012 , international requirements, 2.2.2 classification and structure of civil requirements, military requirements, airspace. areas of responsibility, sectorisation,

national requirements

ADC Appreciate responsibility for terrain 3 ALL LAW clearance. 2.2.3

TOPIC LAW 3 — ATS SAFETY MANAGEMENT Subtopic LAW 3.1 — Feedback process

ADC State the importance of controller 1 Optional content: voluntary reporting ALL LAW contribution to the feedback process. 3.1.1 ADC Describe how reported occurrences 2 Optional content: Regulation (EU) ALL LAW are analysed. No 376/2014, local procedures 3.1.2 ADC Name the means used to disseminate 1 Optional content: safety letters, safety ALL LAW recommendations. boards web pages 3.1.3 ADC Appreciate the just culture concept. 3 Benefits, prerequisites, constraints ALL LAW Optional content: Skybrary 3.1.4

Subtopic LAW 3.2 — Safety investigation

TOPIC LAW 3 — ATS SAFETY MANAGEMENT

ADC Describe the role and objectives of 2 ALL LAW safety investigation in the 3.2.1 improvement of safety.

SUBJECT 2: AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

TOPIC ATM 1 — PROVISION OF SERVICES Subtopic ATM 1.1 — Aerodrome control service

ADC Appreciate areas of responsibility. 3 Control zone, traffic circuit, manoeuvring ADC ATM area, movement area, vicinity 1.1.1 Optional content: ATZ ADC Provide aerodrome control service. 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ADC ATM Regulation (EU) 2017/373 , operating 1.1.2 procedures for the simulated/training environment

Subtopic ATM 1.2 — Flight information service (FIS)

ADC Describe the information that shall be 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ATM passed on to aircraft by an aerodrome Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 1.2.1 controller. ADC Provide FIS. 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation ALL ATM (EU) 2017/373++ 1.2.2 Optional content: national documents ADC Issue appropriate information. 3 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, essential local ADC ATM traffic, traffic information 1.2.3 ADC Appreciate the use of ATIS in the 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM provision of FIS. 1.2.4

Subtopic ATM 1.3 — Alerting service (ALRS)

ADC Provide ALRS. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, Regulation (EU) ALL ATM No 923/2012 1.3.1 Optional content: national documents ADC Respond to distress and urgency 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ALL ATM messages and signals. ICAO Annex 10 1.3.2 Optional content: EUROCONTROL

Guidelines for Controller Training in the Handling of Unusual/Emergency Situations, ICAO Doc 4444, national documents

Subtopic ATM 1.4 — ATS system capacity and air traffic flow management (ATFM)

ADC Appreciate the impact of the ATS 3 Optional content: EUROCONTROL ATFCM ADC ATM system capacity and air traffic flow Users Manual, slot management, slot 1.4.1 management on the controller.

TOPIC ATM 1 — PROVISION OF SERVICES

allocation procedures, local

implementation of ATFCM principles, etc. ADC Organise traffic to take account of 4 Optional content: departure sequence ADC ATM flow management. 1.4.2 ADC Inform the appropriate local ATFM 3 Optional content: abnormal situations, ADC ATM unit of local factors affecting the ATS decrease in sector capacity, limitations on 1.4.3 system capacity and air traffic flow systems and equipment, changes in management. workload/capacity, unusual

meteorological conditions, relevant information: reported ground-based incidents, forest fire, smoke, oil pollution

TOPIC ATM 2 — COMMUNICATION Subtopic ATM 2.1 — Effective communication

ADC List the communication means 1 Optional content: electronic, written, ALL ATM between controllers. verbal and non-verbal communication 2.1.1 ADC Select the most suitable means of 5 ALL ATM communication given the situation. 2.1.2 ADC Use approved phraseology. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM Optional content: published national/local 2.1.3 language phraseology

ADC Ensure effective communication. 4 Use of plain language when required, ALL ATM communication within the sector/working 2.1.4 position, between the sectors/WPs/ATC units, readback/verification of readback ADC Analyse examples of pilot–controller 4 Optional content: real-life recordings, ALL ATM communication for effectiveness. situation in the simulator 2.1.5

TOPIC ATM 3 — ATC CLEARANCES AND ATC INSTRUCTIONS Subtopic ATM 3.1 — ATC clearances

ADC Issue appropriate ATC clearances. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation ALL ATM (EU) 2017/373 3.1.1 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, national

documents

ADC Integrate appropriate ATC clearances 4 ALL ATM into the control service. 3.1.2 ADC Ensure that the agreed course of 4 ALL ATM action is carried out. 3.1.3

Subtopic ATM 3.2 — ATC instructions

ADC Issue appropriate ATC instructions. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ALL ATM Regulation (EU) 2017/373 3.2.1

TOPIC ATM 3 — ATC CLEARANCES AND ATC INSTRUCTIONS

Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, national documents

ADC Integrate appropriate ATC 4 ALL ATM instructions into the control service. 3.2.2 ADC Ensure that the agreed course of 4 ALL ATM action is carried out. 3.2.3

TOPIC ATM 4 — COORDINATION Subtopic ATM 4.1 — Necessity for coordination

ADC Identify the need for coordination. 3 ALL ATM 4.1.1

Subtopic ATM 4.2 — Tools and methods for coordination

ADC Use the available tools for 3 Optional content: electronic transfer of ALL ATM coordination. flight data, telephone, interphone, 4.2.1 intercom, direct speech, radiotelephone

(RTF), local agreements, automated system coordination

Subtopic ATM 4.3 — Coordination procedures

ADC Initiate appropriate coordination. 3 Delegation/transfer of responsibility for ALL ATM air–ground communications and 4.3.1 separation, transfer of control, etc., Regulation (EU) 2017/373

Optional content: release point

ADC Analyse the effect of coordination 4 Optional content: delegation/transfer of ALL ATM requested by an adjacent responsibility for air–ground 4.3.2 position/unit. communications and separation, release point, transfer of control, etc. ADC Select, after negotiation, an 5 ALL ATM appropriate course of action. 4.3.3 ADC Ensure that the agreed course of 4 ALL ATM action is carried out. 4.3.4 ADC Coordinate when providing FIS. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL ATM Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 4.3.5 ADC Coordinate when providing ALRS. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL ATM Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 4.3.6

TOPIC ATM 5 — ALTIMETRY AND LEVEL ALLOCATION Subtopic ATM 5.1 — Altimetry

ADC Allocate levels according to altimetry 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM data. 5.1.1

TOPIC ATM 5 — ALTIMETRY AND LEVEL ALLOCATION

ADC Ensure separation according to 4 Optional content: transition level, ALL ATM altimetry data. transition altitude, transition layer, height, 5.1.2 flight level, altitude, vertical distance to

airspace boundaries

Subtopic ATM 5.2 — Terrain clearance

ADC Provide planning, coordination and 4 Optional content: terrain clearance ADC ATM control actions appropriate to the dimensions, minimum safe altitudes, 5.2.1 rules for minimum safe height and transition level, minimum flight level, terrain clearance. minimum sector altitude

TOPIC ATM 6 — SEPARATION Subtopic ATM 6.1 — Separation between departing aircraft

ADC Provide separation between 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ATM departing aircraft. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 6.1.1

Subtopic ATM 6.2 — Separation of departing aircraft from arriving aircraft

ADC Provide separation of departing 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ATM aircraft from arriving aircraft. 6.2.1

Subtopic ATM 6.3 — Separation of landing aircraft and preceding landing or departing aircraft

ADC Provide separation of landing aircraft 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ATM and preceding landing or departing 6.3.1 aircraft.

Subtopic ATM 6.4 — Time-based wake turbulence longitudinal separation

ADC Provide time-based wake turbulence 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ADC ATM longitudinal separation. Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 6.4.1

Subtopic ATM 6.5 — Reduced separation minima

ADC Provide reduced separation minima. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ATM 6.5.1

TOPIC ATM 7 — AIRBORNE AND GROUND-BASED SAFETY NETS Subtopic ATM 7.1 — Airborne safety nets

ADC Recognise the independence of ACAS 2 ICAO Doc 9863 ALL ATM thresholds and ATC separation Optional content: Skybrary Safety Nets 7.1.1 standards. ADC Describe the controller responsibility 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM during and following an ACAS RA Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, 7.1.2 reported by the pilot. ICAO Doc 9863, Skybrary Safety Nets ADC Respond to pilot notification of 3 Optional content: ACAS, Skybrary Safety ADC ATM actions based on airborne systems Nets 7.1.3 warnings.

Subtopic ATM 7.2 — Ground-based safety nets

ADC Respond to available ground-based 3 ADC ATM safety nets’ warnings. 7.2.1

TOPIC ATM 8 — DATA DISPLAY Subtopic ATM 8.1 — Data management

ADC Update the data display to accurately 3 Optional content: information displayed, ALL ATM reflect the traffic situation. strip-marking procedures, electronic 8.1.1 information data displays, actions based

on traffic display information, calculation of EETs

ADC Analyse pertinent data on data 4 ALL ATM displays. 8.1.2 ADC Organise pertinent data on data 4 ALL ATM displays. 8.1.3 ADC Obtain flight plan information. 3 CPL, supplementary information ALL ATM Optional content: FPL, AFIL, etc. 8.1.4 ADC Use flight plan information. 3 ALL ATM 8.1.5

TOPIC ATM 9 — OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (SIMULATED) Subtopic ATM 9.1 — Integrity of the operational environment

ADC Obtain information concerning the 3 Optional content: local/simulator ALL ATM operational environment. operation manuals, briefing, notices, 9.1.1 current flight plan data/information displays, pilot reports, coordination,

verification of information

ADC Ensure the integrity of the 4 Optional content: frequency, VOLMET, ADC ATM operational environment. ATIS, SIGMET, systems’ set-up, integrity of 9.1.2 displays

Subtopic ATM 9.2 — Verification of the currency of operational procedures

ADC Check all relevant documentation 3 Optional content: briefing, letters of ALL ATM before managing traffic. agreement (LoAs), NOTAMs, AICs 9.2.1

Subtopic ATM 9.3 — Handover–takeover

ADC Transfer information to the relieving 3 ALL ATM controller. 9.3.1 ADC Obtain information from the 3 ALL ATM controller handing over. 9.3.2 ADC List possible actions to provide a safe 1 Optional content: rigour, preparation, ALL ATM position handover–takeover. overlap time 9.3.3 ADC Explain the consequences of a missed 2 ALL ATM position handover–takeover process. 9.3.4

TOPIC ATM 10 — PROVISION OF AERODROME CONTROL SERVICE Subtopic ATM 10.1 — Responsibility for the provision

ADC Explain the responsibility for the 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ADC ATM provision of aerodrome control Regulation (EU) Νο 923/2012 10.1.1 service. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 ADC Describe the division of responsibility 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL ATM among air traffic control units. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 10.1.2 ADC Describe the responsibility in regard 2 ICAO Doc 4444 ALL ATM to military traffic. Optional content: ICAO Doc 9554 10.1.3 ADC Describe the responsibility in regard 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM to unmanned free balloons. 10.1.4 ADC Appreciate the influence of 3 Optional content: military flying, ALL ATM operational requirements. calibration flights, aerial photography 10.1.5

Subtopic ATM 10.2 — Traffic management process

ADC Ensure that situational awareness is 4 Information gathering, observation, traffic ADC ATM maintained. projection 10.2.1 ADC Detect conflicts in time for 4 ALL ATM appropriate resolution. 10.2.2 ADC Identify potential solutions to achieve 3 ADC ATM a safe and effective flow of 10.2.3 aerodrome traffic. ADC Evaluate possible outcomes of 5 ALL ATM different planning and control 10.2.4 actions. ADC Select an appropriate plan in time to 5 ADC ATM achieve safe and effective flow of 10.2.5 aerodrome traffic. ADC Ensure the adequate prioritisation of 4 ALL ATM actions. 10.2.6 ADC Execute the selected plan in a timely 3 ALL ATM manner. 10.2.7 ADC Ensure that a safe and efficient 4 Traffic monitoring, adaptability and ALL ATM outcome is achieved. follow-up 10.2.8

Subtopic ATM 10.3 — Aeronautical ground lights

ADC Select appropriate aeronautical 5 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ATM ground lights. 10.3.1

Subtopic ATM 10.4 — Information to aircraft by the aerodrome control tower

ADC Provide information related to the 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ADC ATM operation of aircraft. Regulation (EU) No 255/2010 10.4.1

TOPIC ATM 10 — PROVISION OF AERODROME CONTROL SERVICE

ADC Provide information on aerodrome 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation ADC ATM conditions. (EU) 2017/373 10.4.2

Subtopic ATM 10.5 — Runway in use

ADC Select the runway in use. 5 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ADC ATM Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 10.5.1 ADC Coordinate the runway in use. 4 Optional content: approach control, area ADC ATM control, runway selection, change of 10.5.2 runway ADC Manage traffic in the event of 4 Optional content: Skybrary ADC ATM runway-in-use change. 10.5.3

Subtopic ATM 10.6 — Control of aerodrome traffic

ADC Predict positions of aircraft in the 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ATM aerodrome traffic and taxi circuits. 10.6.1 ADC Manage traffic on the manoeuvring 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ATM area. Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 10.6.2 Optional content: runway inspection ADC Manage traffic in accordance with a 4 Optional content: taxiway closure ADC ATM change to operational procedures. 10.6.3 ADC Balance the workload against 5 Optional content: replanning, prioritising ADC ATM personal capacity. solutions, denying requests, delaying 10.6.4 traffic

Subtopic ATM 10.7 — Control of airborne traffic

ADC Manage traffic in the traffic circuit. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ATM Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 10.7.1 ADC Integrate the change in the 4 Optional content: limitations, availability ADC ATM serviceability of radio aids in the and status of ground-based and satellite- 10.7.2 management of aerodrome traffic. based systems ADC Integrate surface conditions into the 4 Optional content: damp, wet, water ADC ATM control of aerodrome traffic. patches, flooding, snow, slush, ice, braking 10.7.3 performance ADC Integrate information about 4 Optional content: clouds, precipitation, ADC ATM meteorological phenomena into the visibility, wind, meteorological hazards 10.7.4 control of aerodrome traffic. ADC Integrate the information provided by 4 ADC ATM situation displays. 10.7.5 ADC Issue missed approach or go-around 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation ADC ATM instruction. (EU) 2027/373 10.7.6 Optional content: obstructed runway

Subtopic ATM 10.8 — Departing traffic

TOPIC ATM 10 — PROVISION OF AERODROME CONTROL SERVICE

ADC Manage departing aircraft. 4 ICAO Doc 4444, ADC ATM Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 10.8.1 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, use of situation displays, allocation of the order of priority, meteorological phenomena, environmental factors, wake turbulence, appropriate departure clearances, SIDs ADC Integrate departure sequence into 4 ICAO Doc 4444, ADC ATM the control of aerodrome traffic. Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 10.8.2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC Provide appropriate information to 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ATM departing traffic. Regulation (EU) No 255/2010, use of 10.8.3 situation displays, wake turbulence

Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444

Subtopic ATM 10.9 — Arriving traffic

ADC Manage arriving aircraft. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ADC ATM Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, use of 10.9.1 situation displays, allocation of the order of priority, meteorological phenomena, environmental factors, wake turbulence

Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444

ADC Integrate the approach sequence into 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ATM the control of aerodrome traffic. Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 10.9.2 ADC Integrate aircraft on visual approach 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ATM into the aerodrome traffic. Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 10.9.3 ADC Integrate aircraft on missed approach 4 ADC ATM into the aerodrome traffic. 10.9.4 ADC Integrate aircraft performing circling 4 ICAO Doc 8168 Volume II ADC ATM approach into the aerodrome traffic. 10.9.5 ADC Provide appropriate information to 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ATM arriving aircraft. Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 10.9.6

Subtopic ATM 10.10 — Special VFR (SVFR) operations

ADC Manage the suspension of VFR 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ATM operations. 10.10.1 ADC Manage SVFR traffic. 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ADC ATM Regulation (EU) 2017/373 10.10.1

Subtopic ATM 10.11 — Low-visibility operations

ADC Describe the procedures for low- 3 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ATM visibility operations. 10.11.1

Subtopic ATM 10.12 — Aerodrome control service with advanced system support

TOPIC ATM 10 — PROVISION OF AERODROME CONTROL SERVICE

ADC Appreciate the impact of advanced Optional content: surface manager ADC ATM systems on the provision of (SMAN), departure manager (DMAN), 10.12.1 aerodrome control service. automated conflict/incursion tools, alarms

and resolution advisory tools, automated assistance for surface movement planning and routing, enhanced vision technology in low visibility for controllers

SUBJECT 3: METEOROLOGY

TOPIC MET 1 — METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA Subtopic MET 1.1 — Meteorological phenomena

ADC Appreciate the impact of different 3 Cumulonimbus ADC MET cloud types. Optional content: stratus, nimbostratus, 1.1.1 etc. ADC Recognise different cloud types. 1 ADC MET 1.1.2 ADC Appreciate the impact of 3 Precipitation and microphysics ADC MET precipitation. Optional content: rain, snow, sleet, hail 1.1.3 ADC Appreciate the impact of atmospheric 3 Optional content: advection fog, radiation ADC MET obscurity. fog, mixing, evaporation, mist, drizzle 1.1.4 ADC Appreciate the effect and impact of 3 Gusting, veering, backing ADC MET wind. Optional content: land breezes, sea 1.1.5 breezes, Föhn ADC Appreciate the effect and danger of 3 Wind shear, turbulence, thunderstorms, ADC MET hazardous meteorological icing, microbursts 1.1.6 phenomena. ADC Appreciate the effect of a frontal 3 ADC MET system on aerodrome operations. 1.1.7 ADC Integrate data about meteorological 4 Clearances, instructions and transmitted ALL MET phenomena into the provision of ATS. information 1.1.8 Optional content: relevant meteorological

phenomena

TOPIC MET 2 — SOURCES OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA Subtopic MET 2.1 — Meteorological instruments

ADC Extract information from 3 Optional content: anemometer, RVR ADC MET meteorological instruments. indicator, cloud base indicator, ceilometer, 2.1.1 barometer

Subtopic MET 2.2 — Other sources of meteorological data

TOPIC MET 2 — SOURCES OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA

ADC Decode information from 3 ALL MET meteorological data displays. 2.2.1 ADC Use appropriate communication tools 3 ADC MET and networks to obtain 2.2.2 meteorological data. ADC Relay meteorological information. 3 ICAO Doc 4444, ALL MET Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 2.2.3 Optional content: flight information

centre, adjacent ATS unit, ADS-C reports

SUBJECT 4: NAVIGATION

TOPIC NAV 1 — MAPS AND AERONAUTICAL CHARTS Subtopic NAV 1.1 — Maps and charts

ADC Decode symbols and information 3 Instrument approach charts, SID charts, ADC NAV displayed on aeronautical maps and aerodrome charts APP 1.1.1 charts. Optional content: visual approach charts, APS

military maps and charts

ADC Use relevant maps and charts. 3 ALL NAV 1.1.2

TOPIC NAV 2 — INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION Subtopic NAV 2.1 — Navigational systems

ADC Describe how the operational status 2 Optional content: VDF, NDB, VOR, DME, ADC NAV of navigational systems may change. ILS, ABAS, SBAS, GBAS, RNP 2.1.1 ADC Appreciate the effect of a change on 3 Optional content: precision, limitations, ALL NAV the operational status of navigational status, degraded procedures 2.1.2 systems. ADC Decode operational status displays of 3 Optional content: VDF, NDB, VOR, DME, ADC NAV navigational systems. ILS and GBAS 2.1.3

Subtopic NAV 2.2 — Stabilised approach

ADC Describe the concept of stabilised 2 Optional content: Skybrary ADC NAV approach. APP 2.2.1 APS ADC Appreciate the effect of late change of 3 Cockpit workload ADC NAV runway-in-use for landing aircraft. Optional content: impact on vertical 2.2.2 profile (CDO), FMS management, crew

procedure briefing, missed approach, loss

of situational awareness, etc.

Subtopic NAV 2.3 — Instrument departures and arrivals

TOPIC NAV 2 — INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION

ADC Describe relevant SIDs. 2 ADC NAV 2.3.1 ADC Describe the types and phases of 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ICAO Annex 6 ADC NAV instrument approach procedures. APP 2.3.2 APS ADI (TWR) Describe the relevant minima 2 Optional content: Type A/B operations, ADC NAV applicable for a precision/non- CAT I/II/III criteria, LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, APP 2.3.3 precision and visual approach. LPV, RNP AR APCH minima APS

Subtopic NAV 2.4 — Satellite-based systems

ADC State the different applications of 1 Optional content: LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, LPV, ADC NAV satellite-based systems relevant for RNP minima, precision approach 2.4.1 aerodrome operations.

Subtopic NAV 2.5 — PBN applications

ADC State future PBN developments. 1 A-RNP, RNP (AR) DEP ALL NAV Optional content: RNP 3D, VNAV, 4D, TBO 2.5.1

SUBJECT 5: AIRCRAFT

TOPIC ACFT 1 — AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS Subtopic ACFT 1.1 — Aircraft instruments

ADC Integrate information from aircraft 4 ALL ACFT instruments provided by the pilot into 1.1.1 the provision of ATS. ADC Explain the operation of aircraft radio 2 Optional content: radios (number of), ALL ACFT equipment. emergency radios 1.1.2 ADC Explain the operation of on-board 2 Transponders: equipment Mode A, ADC ACFT surveillance equipment. Mode C, Mode S, ADS capability APS 1.1.3 ACS

TOPIC ACFT 2 — AIRCRAFT CATEGORIES Subtopic ACFT 2.1 — Wake turbulence

ADC Explain the wake turbulence effect 2 ALL ACFT and associated hazards to succeeding 2.1.1 aircraft. ADC Appreciate the techniques used to 3 ALL ACFT prevent hazards associated with wake 2.1.2 turbulence to succeeding aircraft.

Subtopic ACFT 2.2 — Application of the ICAO approach categories

ADC Describe the use of the ICAO 2 ICAO Doc 8168 ADC ACFT approach categories. APP 2.2.1 APS

TOPIC ACFT 2 — AIRCRAFT CATEGORIES

ADC Appreciate the effect of the ICAO 3 ADC ACFT approach categories on the traffic APP 2.2.2 organisation. APS

TOPIC ACFT 3 — FACTORS AFFECTING AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE Subtopic ACFT 3.1 — Take-off factors

ADC Integrate the influence of factors 4 Optional content: runway conditions, ADC ACFT affecting aircraft on take-off. runway slope, aerodrome elevation, wind, 3.1.1 temperature, aircraft configuration,

airframe contamination and aircraft mass

Subtopic ACFT 3.2 — Climb factors

ADC Appreciate the influence of factors 3 Optional content: speed, mass, air density, ADC ACFT affecting aircraft during climb. wind and temperature 3.2.1

Subtopic ACFT 3.3 — Final approach and landing factors

ADC Integrate the influence of factors 4 Optional content: wind, aircraft ADC ACFT affecting aircraft during final configuration, mass, meteorological 3.3.1 approach and landing. conditions, runway conditions, runway

slope, aerodrome elevation

Subtopic ACFT 3.4 — Economic factors

ADC Integrate consideration of economic 4 Optional content: starting-up, taxiing, ADC ACFT factors affecting aircraft. routing, departure sequence 3.4.1

Subtopic ACFT 3.5 — Environmental factors

ADC Appreciate the performance 3 Optional content: noise-abatement ADC ACFT restrictions due to environmental procedures, minimum flight altitudes, bird 3.5.1 constraints. strike hazard

TOPIC ACFT 4 — AIRCRAFT DATA Subtopic ACFT 4.1 — Recognition of aircraft types

ADC Characterise a representative sample 2 Recognition, ICAO type designators, wake ADC ACFT of aircraft which will be encountered turbulence categories 4.1.1 in the operational/working Optional content: ICAO approach environment. categories

Subtopic ACFT 4.2 — Performance data

ADC Integrate the average performance 4 Performance data under a representative ALL ACFT data of a representative sample of variety of circumstances 4.2.1 aircraft which will be encountered in the operational/ working environment into the provision of control service.

SUBJECT 6: HUMAN FACTORS

TOPIC HUM 1 — INFORMATION PROCESSING Subtopic HUM 1.1 — Cognition and factors influencing it

ADC Describe the human information- 2 Attention, perception, memory, ALL HUM processing model. situational awareness, decision-making, 1.1.1 response ADC Describe the factors which influence 2 Confidence, stress, learning, knowledge, ALL HUM human information-processing. experience, fatigue, alcohol/drugs, 1.1.2 distraction, interpersonal relations

Subtopic HUM 1.2 — Situational awareness

ADC Appreciate the effect of human 3 Optional content: workload, knowledge, ALL HUM information-processing factors on interpersonal relations, distraction, 1.2.1 situational awareness. confidence, experience, fatigue, stress

Subtopic HUM 1.3 — Decision-making

ADC Appreciate the effect of human Optional content: workload, stress, ALL HUM information-processing factors on interpersonal relations, distraction, 1.3.1 decision-making. confidence

TOPIC HUM 2 — FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Subtopic HUM 2.1 — Fatigue

ADC Describe the onset of fatigue. 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL HUM Optional content: lack of concentration, 2.1.1 listlessness, irritability, frustration, Skybrary Human Behaviour:

EUROCONTROL Fatigue and sleep management

ADC Recognise the onset of fatigue in self 1 Optional content: Skybrary Human ALL HUM and in others. Behaviour: EUROCONTROL Fatigue and 2.1.2 sleep management ADI (TWR) Describe the appropriate action when 2 Optional content: Skybrary Human ALL HUM recognising fatigue. Behaviour: EUROCONTROL Fatigue and 2.1.3 sleep management

Subtopic HUM 2.2 — Stress

ADC Recognise the effects of stress on 1 Stress and its symptoms in self and in ALL HUM human performance. others 2.2.1 Optional content:

Regulation (EU) 2017/373

ADC Describe the appropriate action when 2 ALL HUM recognising stress. 2.2.2 ADC Act to reduce stress. 3 ALL HUM 2.2.3 ADC Respond to stressful situations by 3 ALL HUM offering, asking for or accepting 2.2.4 assistance. ADC Recognise the effects of stressful 1 Self and others, abnormal situations ALL HUM events.

TOPIC HUM 2 — FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

2.2.5

TOPIC HUM 3 — THREAT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT Subtopic HUM 3.1 — Threat and error management framework

ADC Explain the importance of threat and 2 Optional content: prevention of incidents, ALL HUM error management. safety improvement, revision of 3.1.1 procedures and/or working practices ADC Explain the threat and error 2 Threats, errors, undesired states, ALL HUM management framework. countermeasures 3.1.2 Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 —

AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ADC Differentiate between the different 2 Internal, external, airborne, ALL HUM types of threats in ATC. environmental 3.1.3 Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 —

AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ADC Differentiate between the different 2 Equipment, procedural, communication ALL HUM types of errors in ATC. Optional content: Increase in traffic, 3.1.4 changes in procedures, complexities of

systems or traffic, weather, unusual occurrences

ADC Differentiate between the different 2 On the ground, airborne ALL HUM types of undesired states. Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.1.5 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ADC Analyse examples of threat and error 4 Case studies ALL HUM management in ATC. Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.1.6 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

Subtopic HUM 3.2 — Application of threat and error management

ADC Manage threats. 4 Detect and respond ALL HUM Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.2.1 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ADC Manage errors. 4 Detect and respond ALL HUM Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.2.2 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ADC Manage undesired states. 4 Detect and respond ALL HUM Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.2.3 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

TOPIC HUM 4 — TEAMWORK Subtopic HUM 4.1 — Benefits of teamwork

ADC State the benefits of teamwork. 1 Increased safety, efficiency and capacity ALL HUM

TOPIC HUM 4 — TEAMWORK

4.1.1

ADC List the controller’s human 1 Situational awareness, communication, ALL HUM performance elements affected by decision-making, threat and error 4.1.2 teamwork. management, workload management

Subtopic HUM 4.2 — Conflict management

ADC Identify the reasons for conflict. 3 ALL HUM 4.2.1 ADC Describe strategies to cope with 2 Optional content: in your team, in the ALL HUM human conflicts. simulator 4.2.2 ADC Describe actions to prevent human 2 ALL HUM conflicts. 4.2.3

TOPIC HUM 5 —SYSTEMS Subtopic HUM 5.1 — Concept of systems in ATM/ANS

ADC Explain the concept of systems. 2 People; procedures; equipment; ATM in ALL HUM system terms: simple, complicated, and 5.1.1 complex systems; system thinking ADC Describe how changes in one part of a 2 ALL HUM system may impact the other parts. 5.1.2 ADC Describe the role of the human in the 2 ALL HUM system. 5.1.3

TOPIC HUM 6 — COMMUNICATION Subtopic HUM 6.1 — Effective communication

ADC Explain effective communication in 2 ICAO Doc 9868 ALL HUM ATC operations. 6.1.1 ADC Explain key strategies used to enable 2 Optional content: active listening, active ALL HUM open communication. speaking, assertiveness, honesty, 6.1.2 relevance, facts, neutrality ADC Describe the parameters affecting the 2 Workload, mutual knowledge, controller ALL HUM controller’s competence to versus pilot mental picture, distractions, 6.1.3 communicate effectively. sound, human conflicts

Optional content: communication between and within the team(s), in the

simulator, with the pilots, instructors,

coordination partners

Subtopic HUM 6.2 — Effective feedback

ADC Define feedback. 1 ALL HUM 6.2.1

TOPIC HUM 6 — COMMUNICATION

ADC Explain the purpose of receiving and 2 ALL HUM giving feedback, and its effect on 6.2.2 performance. ADC Consider the impact of 2 ALL HUM communication styles on feedback 6.2.3 and on conflict resolution. ADC Integrate feedback into performance. 4 ALL HUM 6.2.4

SUBJECT 7: EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

TOPIC EQPS 1 — VOICE COMMUNICATIONS Subtopic EQPS 1.1 — Radio communications

ADC Operate two-way communication 3 Transmit/receive switches, procedures ALL EQPS equipment. Optional content: frequency selection, 1.1.1 standby equipment ADC Identify indications of operational 3 Optional content: indicator lights, ALL EQPS status of radio equipment. serviceability displays, selector/frequency 1.1.2 displays

Subtopic EQPS 1.2 — Other voice communications

ADC Operate landline communications. 3 Optional content: telephone, interphone ALL EQPS and intercom equipment 1.2.1

TOPIC EQPS 2 — AUTOMATION IN ATS Subtopic EQPS 2.1 — Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network (AFTN)

ADC Decode AFTN messages. 3 Optional content: movement and control ALL EQPS messages, NOTAMs, SNOWTAMs, 2.1.1 BIRDTAMs, etc.

Subtopic EQPS 2.2 — Automatic data interchange

ADC Use automatic data transfer 3 Optional content: sequencing systems, ADC EQPS equipment where available. automated information and coordination, APS 2.2.1 OLDI ACS ADC Explain operational application of 2 ICAO Doc 9694 ADC EQPS CPDLC for departure clearance (DCL) 2.2.2 delivery and D-ATIS.

TOPIC EQPS 3 — CONTROLLER WORKING POSITION Subtopic EQPS 3.1 — Operation and monitoring of equipment

ADC Monitor the technical integrity of the 3 Notification procedures, responsibilities ALL EQPS controller working position. 3.1.1 ADC Operate the equipment of the 3 Optional content: situation displays, flight ALL EQPS controller working position. progress board, flight data display, radio,

TOPIC EQPS 3 — CONTROLLER WORKING POSITION

3.1.2 telephone, maps and charts, strip-printer,

clock, information systems, UDF/VDF

ADC Operate the available equipment in 3 ALL EQPS abnormal and emergency situations. 3.1.3

Subtopic EQPS 3.2 — Situation displays and information systems

ADC Use situation displays. 3 ALL EQPS 3.2.1 ADC Check the availability of information. 3 ALL EQPS 3.2.2 ADC Obtain information from equipment. 3 Optional content: information from wind ADC EQPS direction indicator 3.2.3 ADC Take account of anti-incursion 2 ADC EQPS equipment. 3.2.4 ADC Explain the use of ASMGCS. 2 ADC EQPS 3.2.5

Subtopic EQPS 3.3 — Flight data systems

ADC Use the flight data information at the 3 ALL EQPS controller working position. 3.3.1

TOPIC EQPS 4 — FUTURE EQUIPMENT Subtopic EQPS 4.1 — New developments

ADC Recognise future developments. 1 New advanced systems ALL EQPS Optional content: European ATM Master 4.1.1 Plan, European Plan for Aviation Safety

TOPIC EQPS 5 — EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS’ LIMITATIONS AND DEGRADATION Subtopic EQPS 5.1 — Reaction to limitations

ADC Take account of the limitations of 2 ALL EQPS equipment and systems. 5.1.1 ADC Respond to technical deficiencies of 3 Notification procedures, responsibilities ALL EQPS the operational position. 5.1.2

Subtopic EQPS 5.2 — Communication equipment degradation

ADC Identify that communication 3 Optional content: ground–air, ground– EQPS equipment has degraded. ground and landline communications 5.2.1 ADC Apply contingency procedures in the 4 Optional content: total or partial ALL EQPS event of communication equipment degradation of ground–air and landline 5.2.2 degradation. communications; alternative methods of

transferring data

TOPIC EQPS 5 — EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS’ LIMITATIONS AND DEGRADATION Subtopic EQPS 5.3 — Navigational equipment degradation

ADC Identify when a navigational 3 Optional content: navigational aids, ALL EQPS equipment failure will affect ‘European GNSS Contingency/Reversion 5.3.1 operational ability. Handbook for PBN Operations’ ADC Apply contingency procedures in the 3 Optional content: vertical separation, ALL EQPS event of a navigational equipment information to aircraft, navigational 5.3.2 degradation. assistance, seeking assistance from

adjacent units

SUBJECT 8: PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT

TOPIC PEN 1 — FAMILIARISATION Subtopic PEN 1.1 — Study visit to an aerodrome

ADC Appreciate the functions and 3 Study visit to a TWR ADC PEN provision of operational aerodrome 1.1.1 control services.

TOPIC PEN 2 — AIRSPACE USERS Subtopic PEN 2.1 — Contributors to civil ATS operations

ADC Characterise civil ATS activities at an 2 Study visit to a TWR ADC PEN aerodrome. Optional content: familiarisation visits to 2.1.1 APP, ACC, AIS, RCC ADC Characterise other parties interfacing 2 Optional content: familiarisation visits to ALL PEN with ATS operations. engineering services, firefighting and 2.1.2 emergency services, airline operations

offices

Subtopic PEN 2.2 — Contributors to military ATS operations

ADC Characterise military ATS activities. 2 Optional content: familiarisation visits to ALL PEN TWR, APP, ACC, AIS, RCC, air defence units 2.2.1

TOPIC PEN 3 — CUSTOMER RELATIONS Subtopic PEN 3.1 — Provision of services and user requirements

ADC Appreciate the role of an air 3 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 ALL PEN navigation service provider. 3.1.1 ADC Appreciate ATS users’ requirements. 3 ALL PEN 3.1.2

TOPIC PEN 4 — ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Subtopic PEN 4.1 — Environmental protection

ADC Describe the environmental 2 Optional content: ICAO Doc 10013 — ADC PEN constraints on aerodrome operations. Operational opportunities to reduce fuel APP 4.1.1 burn and emissions APS ADC Explain the use of the Collaborative 2 Optional content: European ATM Master ADC PEN Environmental Management (CEM) Plan, EUROCONTROL CEM Specification APP 4.1.2 process at aerodromes. APS ADC Appreciate the mitigation techniques 3 Optional content: noise-abatement ADC PEN used at aerodromes to minimise procedures, noise preferential routes, APP 4.1.3 aviation’s impact on the environment. flight efficiency

SUBJECT 9: ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

TOPIC ABES 1 — ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ABES) Subtopic ABES 1.1 — Overview of ABES

ADC List common abnormal and 1 Optional content: EATM Guidelines for ALL ABES emergency situations. Controller Training in the Handling of 1.1.1 Unusual/Emergency Situations,

ambulance flights, ground-based safety nets alerts, airframe failure, unreliable instruments, runway incursion, GNSS failure

ADC Identify potential or actual abnormal 3 ALL ABES and emergency situations. 1.1.2 ADC Take into account the procedures for 2 Bird strike, aborted take-off ADC ABES given abnormal and emergency Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 1.1.3 situations. ADC Take into account that procedures do 2 Optional content: real-life examples ALL ABES not exist for all abnormal and 1.1.4 emergency situations. ADC Consider how the evolution of a 2 Optional content: separation, information, ALL ABES situation may have an impact on coordination 1.1.5 safety.

TOPIC ABES 2 — SKILLS IMPROVEMENT Subtopic ABES 2.1 — Communication effectiveness

ADC Ensure effective communication in all 4 Phraseology, vocabulary, readback, radio ALL ABES circumstances including the case silence instruction 2.1.1 where standard phraseology is not applicable. ADC Apply change of radiotelephony call 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES sign. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 2.1.2

Subtopic ABES 2.2 — Avoidance of mental overload

TOPIC ABES 2 — SKILLS IMPROVEMENT

ADC Describe actions to keep the situation 2 Optional content: sector-splitting, holding, ALL ABES under control. flow management, task delegation 2.2.1 ADC Organise priority of actions. 4 ALL ABES 2.2.2 ADC Ensure the effective dissemination of 4 Optional content: between executive and ALL ABES information. planner/coordinator, with the supervisor, 2.2.3 between sectors, between ACC, APP and TWR, with ground staff, etc. ADC Consider asking for help. 2 ALL ABES 2.2.4

Subtopic ABES 2.3 — Air–ground cooperation

ADC Collect appropriate information 3 ALL ABES relevant to the situation. 2.3.1 ADC Assist the pilot. 3 Pilot workload ALL ABES Optional content: instructions, 2.3.2 information, support, human factors, etc.

TOPIC ABES 3 — PROCEDURES FOR ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ABES) Subtopic ABES 3.1 — Application of procedures for ABES

ADC Apply the procedures for given 3 Optional content: EATM Guidelines for ALL ABES abnormal and emergency situations. Controller Training in the Handling of 3.1.1 Unusual/Emergency Situations,

ambulance flights, ground-based safety nets alerts, airframe failure

Subtopic ABES 3.2 — Radio failure

ADC Describe the procedures to be 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES followed by a pilot when experiencing Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, military 3.2.1 complete or partial radio failure. procedures, simulator operation

procedures

ADC Apply the procedures to be followed 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES when a pilot experiences complete or Optional content: prolonged loss of 3.2.2 partial radio failure. communication

Subtopic ABES 3.3 — Unlawful interference and aircraft bomb threat

ADC Apply ATC procedures associated 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES with unlawful interference and Optional content: simulator operation 3.3.1 aircraft bomb threat. procedures

Subtopic ABES 3.4 — Strayed or unidentified aircraft

ADC Apply the procedures for strayed 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES aircraft. Optional content: inside controlled 3.4.1 airspace, outside controlled airspace ADC Apply the procedures for unidentified 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES aircraft. 3.4.2 ADC Provide navigational assistance to 4 Optional content: diverted aircraft, ADC ABES aircraft. aircraft lost or unsure of position, 3.4.3 information derived locally or from radar

TOPIC ABES 3 — PROCEDURES FOR ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ABES)

service or from other pilots, nearest most

suitable aerodrome, track, heading,

distance, aerodrome information, any

other relevant navigational assistance, ICAO Doc 4444, etc.

Subtopic ABES 3.5 — Runway incursion

ADC Apply ATC procedures associated 3 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ADC ABES with runway incursion. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 3.5.1

ABES 3.6 — Interception of civil aircraft

ADC Explain the procedures in the event of 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES interception of civil aircraft. 3.6.1

SUBJECT 10: AERODROMES

TOPIC AGA 1 — AERODROME DATA, LAYOUT AND COORDINATION Subtopic AGA 1.1 — Definitions

ADC Define aerodrome data. 1 Regulation (EU) No 139/20141 ADC AGA Optional content: aerodrome elevation, APP 1.1.1 reference point, apron, movement area, APS

manoeuvring area, hotspot

Subtopic AGA 1.2 — Coordination

ADC Identify the information that has to 3 Aerodrome conditions, fire/rescue ADC AGA be exchanged between ATS and the category, condition of ground equipment APP 1.2.1 aerodrome authority. and NAVAIDs, AIRAC, Regulation (EU) APS No 139/2014

TOPIC AGA 2 — MOVEMENT AREA Subtopic AGA 2.1 — Movement area

ADC Describe the movement area. 2 Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 ADC AGA APP 2.1.1 APS ADC Describe the marking of obstacles and 2 Flags, signs on pavement, lights ADC AGA unusable or unserviceable areas. APP 2.1.2 APS ADC Identify the information on conditions 3 Essential information on aerodrome ADC AGA of the movement area that has to be conditions APP 2.1.3 passed on to aircraft. APS

Subtopic AGA 2.2 — Manoeuvring area

ADC Describe the manoeuvring area. 2 Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 ADC AGA APP 2.2.1 APS

TOPIC AGA 2 — MOVEMENT AREA

ADC Describe the taxiway. 2 ADC AGA APP 2.2.2 APS ADC Describe the daylight marking on 2 ADC AGA taxiways. APP 2.2.3 APS ADC Describe taxiway lighting. 2 ADC AGA APP 2.2.4 APS

Subtopic AGA 2.3 — Runways

ADC Describe the runway. 2 Runway, runway surface, runway strip, ADC AGA runway shoulder, runway-end safety APP 2.3.1 areas, clearways, stopways APS ADC Describe the instrument runway. 2 Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 ADC AGA APP 2.3.2 APS ADC Describe the non-instrument runway. 2 Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 ADC AGA APP 2.3.3 APS ADC Explain runway declared distances. 2 TORA, TODA, ASDA, LDA ADC AGA APP 2.3.4 APS ADC Explain the differences between ACN 2 Strength of pavements ADC AGA and PCN. APP 2.3.5 APS ADC Describe the daylight markings on 2 Optional content: runway designator, ADC AGA runways. centre line, threshold, aiming point, fixed APP 2.3.6 distance, touchdown zone, side strip, APS

colour

ADC Describe runway lights. 2 Optional content: colour, centre line, ADC AGA intensity, edge, touchdown zone, APP 2.3.7 threshold, barettes APS ADC Explain the functions of visual landing 2 Optional content: AVASI, VASI, PAPI ADC AGA aids. APP 2.3.8 APS ADC Describe the approach lighting 2 Centre line, cross bars, stroboscopic lights, ADC AGA systems. colours, intensity and brightness APP 2.3.9 APS ADC Characterise the effect of water/ice 2 ADC AGA on runways. APP 2.3.10 APS ADC Explain braking performance and 2 ADC AGA methods of reporting it. APP 2.3.11 APS ADC Explain the effect of runway visual 2 ADC AGA range on aerodrome operations. APP 2.3.12 APS

TOPIC AGA 3 — OBSTACLES Subtopic AGA 3.1 — Obstacle-free airspace around aerodromes

ADC Explain the necessity for establishing 2 ADC AGA and maintaining airspace around APP 3.1.1 aerodromes obstacle free. APS

TOPIC AGA 4 — MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT Subtopic AGA 4.1 — Location

ADC Explain the location of miscellaneous 2 Optional content: LOC, GP, VDF, radio ADC AGA aerodrome ground equipment. communication or ATS surveillance APP 4.1.1 systems sensors, stopbars, AVASI, VASI, APS

PAPI

AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(ii) Composition of initial training

APPROACH CONTROL PROCEDURAL (APP) RATING TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES

(a) The general principles that apply to this AMC are contained in AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a). (b) The ATCO rating training Approach Control Procedural Rating (APP) should contain the following topics, subtopics and training objectives that are associated with the subjects contained in point ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(ii) Approach Control Procedural Rating (APP). (c) Subjects from point ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(ii) are repeated in this AMC for the convenience of the reader and do not form part of it. INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE

TOPIC INTR 1 — COURSE MANAGEMENT Subtopic INTR 1.1 — Course introduction

APP Explain the aims and main objectives of 2 ALL INTR the course. 1.1.1

Subtopic INTR 1.2 — Course administration

APP State how the course is administered. 1 ALL INTR 1.2.1

Subtopic INTR 1.3 — Study material and training documentation

APP Use appropriate documents and their 3 Optional content: training documentation, ALL INTR sources for course studies. library, CBT library, web, learning 1.3.1 management server APP Integrate appropriate information into 4 Training documentation ALL INTR course studies. Optional content: supplementary 1.3.2 information, library

TOPIC INTR 2 — INTRODUCTION TO THE ATC TRAINING COURSE Subtopic INTR 2.1 — Course content and organisation

APP State the different training methods 1 Theoretical training, practical training, ALL INTR used during the course. self-study, types of training events 2.1.1 APP State the subjects covered by the course 1 ALL INTR and their purpose. 2.1.2 APP Describe the organisation of theoretical 2 Optional content: course programme ALL INTR training. 2.1.3 APP Describe the organisation of practical 2 Optional content: PTP, simulation, ALL INTR training. briefing, debriefing, course programme 2.1.4

Subtopic INTR 2.2 — Training ethos

APP Recognise the feedback mechanisms 1 Training progress, assessment, briefing, ALL INTR available. debriefing, learner–instructor feedback, 2.2.1 instructor–instructor feedback

Subtopic INTR 2.3 — Assessment process

APP Describe the assessment process. 2 ALL INTR 2.3.1

SUBJECT 1: AVIATION LAW

TOPIC LAW 1 — ATCO LICENSING/CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENCE Subtopic LAW 1.1 — Privileges and conditions

APP Appreciate the conditions which shall be 3 Regulation (EU) 2015/340 APP LAW met to issue an Approach Control Optional content: national documents 1.1.1 Procedural rating. APP Explain how to maintain and update 2 ALL LAW professional knowledge and skills to 1.1.2 retain competence in the operational environment. APP Explain the conditions for 2 Regulation (EU) 2015/340 ALL LAW suspension/revocation of an ATCO 1.1.3 licence.

TOPIC LAW 2 — RULES AND REGULATIONS Subtopic LAW 2.1 — Reports

APP Describe the functions of, and processes 2 Reporting culture, forms for mandatory ALL LAW for, reporting. and voluntary occurrence reporting, 2.1.1

TOPIC LAW 2 — RULES AND REGULATIONS

Regulation (EU) No 376/2014 , Regulation (EU) 2015/1018 Optional content: breach of regulations,

watchbook/logbook, records, voluntary reporting

APP Use forms for reporting. 3 Regulation (EU) No 376/2014, forms for ALL LAW mandatory and voluntary occurrence 2.1.2 reporting Optional content: routine air-reports, breach of regulations,

watchbook/logbook, records

Subtopic LAW 2.2 — Airspace

APP Appreciate airspace classes and 3 APP LAW structure and their relevance to 2.2.1 operations using the Approach Control Procedural rating. APP Provide planning, coordination and 4 Optional content: Regulation (EU) ALL LAW control actions appropriate to the No 923/2012 , international requirements, 2.2.2 classification and structure of given civil requirements, military requirements, airspace. areas of responsibility, sectorisation,

national requirements

APP Appreciate responsibility for terrain 3 ALL LAW clearance. 2.2.3

TOPIC LAW 3 — ATS SAFETY MANAGEMENT Subtopic LAW 3.1 — Feedback process

APP State the importance of controller 1 Optional content: voluntary reporting ALL LAW contribution to the feedback process. 3.1.1 APP Describe how reported occurrences are 2 Optional content: ESARR 2, Regulation ALL LAW analysed. (EU) No 376/2014, local procedures 3.1.2 APP Name the means used to disseminate 1 Optional content: safety letters, safety ALL LAW recommendations. boards’ web pages 3.1.3 APP Appreciate the just culture concept. 3 Benefits, prerequisites, constraints ALL LAW Optional content: Skybrary 3.1.4

Subtopic LAW 3.2 — Safety investigation

TOPIC LAW 3 — ATS SAFETY MANAGEMENT

APP Describe the role and objectives of 2 ALL LAW safety investigation in the improvement 3.2.1 of safety.

SUBJECT 2: AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

TOPIC ATM 1 — PROVISION OF SERVICES Subtopic ATM 1.1 — Air traffic control (ATC) service

APP Appreciate own area of responsibility. 3 APP ATM ACP 1.1.1 APS ACS APP Provide approach control service. 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, APP 1, ATM Regulation (EU) 2017/373 operating APS 1.1.2 procedures for the simulated/training environment

Subtopic ATM 1.2 — Flight information service (FIS)

APP Provide FIS. 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation ALL ATM (EU) 2017/373 1.2.1 Optional content: national documents APP Issue appropriate information 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation APP ATM concerning the position of conflicting (EU) 2017/373, traffic information, ACP 1.2.2 traffic. essential traffic information APS

ACS

APP Appreciate the use of ATIS in the 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM provision of FIS. 1.2.3

Subtopic ATM 1.3 — Alerting service (ALRS)

APP Provide ALRS. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, Regulation (EU) ALL ATM No 923/2012 1.3.1 Optional content: national documents APP Respond to distress and urgency 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ALL ATM messages and signals. ICAO Annex 10 1.3.2 Optional content: EUROCONTROL

Guidelines for Controller Training in the Handling of Unusual/Emergency Situations, ICAO Doc 4444, national documents

Subtopic ATM 1.4 — ATS system capacity and air traffic flow management (ATFM)

APP Appreciate the impact of the ATS system 3 Optional content: EUROCONTROL ATFCM APP ATM capacity and air traffic flow Users Manual, FABs, FUA, free route ACP 1.4.1 management on the controller. airspace, local implementation of ATFCM APS principles, etc. ACS

TOPIC ATM 1 — PROVISION OF SERVICES

APP Take account of flow management 2 Optional content: EUROCONTROL ATFCM APP ATM procedures in the provision of ATC. Users Manual APS 1.4.2 APP Organise traffic flows and patterns to 4 Optional content: civil and military, APP ATM take account of airspace boundaries. controlled, uncontrolled, advisory, ACP 1.4.3 restricted, danger, prohibited, special APS rules, sector boundaries, national ACS

boundaries, FIR boundaries, delegated airspace, transfer of control, transfer of communications, en-route, off-route

APP Organise traffic flows and patterns to 4 Optional content: EUROCONTROL ATFCM APP ATM take account of areas of responsibility. Users Manual ACP 1.4.4 APS ACS APP Inform the supervisor of local factors 3 Optional content: abnormal situations, APP ATM affecting the ATS system capacity and air decrease in sector capacity, limitations on ACP 1.4.5 traffic flow management. systems and equipment, changes in APS workload/capacity, unusual ACS

meteorological conditions, relevant information like: reported ground-based incidents, forest fire, smoke, oil pollution

Subtopic ATM 1.5 — Airspace management (ASM)

APP Appreciate the impact of ASM on the 3 Optional content: FABs, EUROCONTROL APP ATM controller. Specification for the application of FUA, ACP 1.5.1 TSAs, CDRs, CBAs, free route airspace APS ACS APP Organise traffic to take account of ASM. 4 Optional content: CDR, TSA, TRA, CBA, APP ATM real-time activation, deactivation or ACP 1.5.2 reallocation of airspace

TOPIC ATM 2 — COMMUNICATION Subtopic ATM 2.1 — Effective communication

APP List the means of communication 1 Optional content: electronic, written, ALL ATM between controllers. verbal and non-verbal communication 2.1.1 APP Select the most suitable means of 5 ALL ATM communication given the situation. 2.1.2 APP Use approved phraseology. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM Optional content: published national/local 2.1.3 language phraseology APP Ensure effective communication. 4 Use of plain language when required, ALL ATM communication within the sector/working 2.1.4 position, between the sectors/WPs/ATC units readback/verification of readback APP Analyse examples of pilot and controller 4 Optional content: real-life recordings, ALL ATM communication for effectiveness. situation in the simulator 2.1.5

TOPIC ATM 3 — ATC CLEARANCES AND ATC INSTRUCTIONS Subtopic ATM 3.1 — ATC clearances

APP Issue appropriate ATC clearances. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ALL ATM Regulation (EU) 2017/373 3.1.1 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, national

documents

APP Integrate appropriate ATC clearances 4 ALL ATM into the control service. 3.1.2 APP Ensure that the agreed course of action 4 ALL ATM is carried out. 3.1.3

Subtopic ATM 3.2 — ATC instructions

APP Issue appropriate ATC instructions. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ALL ATM Regulation (EU) 2017/373 3.2.1 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, national

documents

APP Integrate appropriate ATC instructions 4 ALL ATM into the control service. 3.2.2 APP Ensure that the agreed course of action 4 ALL ATM is carried out. 3.2.3

TOPIC ATM 4 — COORDINATION Subtopic ATM 4.1 — Necessity for coordination

APP Identify the need for coordination. 3 ALL ATM 4.1.1

Subtopic ATM 4.2 — Tools and methods for coordination

APP Use the available tools for coordination. 3 Optional content: electronic transfer of ALL ATM flight data, telephone, interphone, 4.2.1 intercom, direct speech, radiotelephone

(RTF), local agreements, automated system coordination

Subtopic ATM 4.3 — Coordination procedures

APP Initiate appropriate coordination. 3 Delegation/transfer of responsibility for ALL ATM air–ground communications and 4.3.1 separation, transfer of control, etc., Regulation (EU) 2017/373

Optional content: release point

APP Analyse the effect of coordination 4 Optional content: delegation/transfer of ALL ATM requested by an adjacent position/unit. responsibility for air–ground 4.3.2 communications and separation, release point, transfer of control, etc. APP Select, after negotiation, an appropriate 5 ALL ATM course of action. 4.3.3 APP Ensure that the agreed course of action 4 ALL ATM is carried out. 4.3.4

TOPIC ATM 4 — COORDINATION

APP Coordinate when providing FIS. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL ATM Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 4.3.5 APP Coordinate when providing ALRS. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL ATM Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 4.3.6

TOPIC ATM 5 — ALTIMETRY AND LEVEL ALLOCATION Subtopic ATM 5.1 — Altimetry

APP Allocate levels according to altimetry 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM data. 5.1.1 APP Ensure separation according to altimetry 4 Optional content: transition level, ALL ATM data. transition altitude, transition layer, height, 5.1.2 flight level, altitude, vertical distance to

airspace boundaries

Subtopic ATM 5.2 — Terrain clearance

APP Provide planning, coordination and 4 Optional content: terrain clearance APP ATM control actions appropriate to the rules dimensions, minimum safe altitudes, ACP 5.2.1 for minimum usable levels and terrain transition level, minimum flight level, clearance. minimum sector altitude

TOPIC ATM 6 — SEPARATION Subtopic ATM 6.1 — Vertical separation

APP Provide standard vertical separation. 4 ICAO Doc 4444, APP ATM Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, level APS 6.1.1 allocation, during climb/descent, rate of climb/descent, holding pattern APP Provide increased vertical separation. 4 ICAO Doc 4444, APP ATM Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ACP 6.1.2 Optional content: level allocation, during APS climb/descent, rate of climb/descent, ACS

degraded aircraft performance, non-RVSM aircraft, reported severe turbulence

APP Appreciate the application of emergency 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, APP ATM vertical separation. ICAO Doc 4444, ICAO Doc 7030 ACP 6.1.3 APS ACS

Subtopic ATM 6.2 — Horizontal separation

APP Provide longitudinal separation. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, based on time, APP ATM based on distance (DME and/or GNSS, 6.2.1 RNAV) APP Provide lateral separation. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, holding APP ATM ACP 6.2.2 APP Provide track separation. 4 ACP ATM APP 6.2.3

TOPIC ATM 6 — SEPARATION

APP Provide geographical separation. 4 Visual, using navigation aids, area ACP ATM navigation APP 6.2.4

Subtopic ATM 6.3 — Delegation of separation

APP Delegate separation to pilots in the case 4 APP ATM of aircraft executing successive visual APS 6.3.1 approaches. APP Appreciate the conditions which must 3 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APP ATM be met when delegating separation to APS 6.3.2 pilots to fly maintaining own separation while in VMC.

TOPIC ATM 7 — AIRBORNE AND GROUND-BASED SAFETY NETS Subtopic ATM 7.1 — Airborne safety nets

APP Recognise the independence of ACAS 1 ICAO Doc 9863 ALL ATM thresholds from ATC separation Optional content: Skybrary Safety Nets 7.1.1 standards. APP Describe the controller responsibility 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM during and following an ACAS RA Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, 7.1.2 reported by the pilot. ICAO Doc 9863, Skybrary Safety Nets APP Respond to pilot notification of actions 3 ACAS APP ATM based on airborne systems warnings. Optional content: TAWS, Skybrary Safety APS 7.1.3 Nets ACP ACS

TOPIC ATM 8 — DATA DISPLAY Subtopic ATM 8.1 — Data management

APP Update the data display to accurately 3 Optional content: information displayed, ALL ATM reflect the traffic situation. strip-marking procedures, electronic

information data displays, actions based

8.1.1

on traffic display information, calculation of EETs

APP Analyse pertinent data on data displays. 4 ALL ATM 8.1.2 APP Organise pertinent data on data 4 ALL ATM displays. 8.1.3 APP Obtain flight plan information. 3 CPL, supplementary information ALL ATM Optional content: FPL, AFIL, etc. 8.1.4 APP Use flight plan information. 3 ALL ATM 8.1.5

TOPIC ATM 9 — OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (SIMULATED) Subtopic ATM 9.1 — Integrity of the operational environment

APP Obtain information concerning the 3 Optional content: local/simulator ALL ATM operational environment. operation manuals, briefing, notices, 9.1.1 current flight plan data/information displays, pilot reports, coordination,

verification of information

APP Ensure the integrity of the operational 4 Optional content: integrity of displays, APP ATM environment. verification of the information provided by ACP 9.1.2 displays, etc. APS ACS

Subtopic ATM 9.2 — Verification of the currency of operational procedures

APP Check all relevant documentation before 3 Optional content: briefing, letters of ALL ATM managing traffic. agreement (LoAs), NOTAMs, AICs 9.2.1 APP Manage traffic in accordance with a 4 APP ATM change to operational procedures. ACP 9.2.2 APS ACS

Subtopic ATM 9.3 — Handover–takeover

APP Transfer information to the relieving 3 ALL ATM controller. 9.3.1 APP Obtain information from the controller 3 ALL ATM handing over. 9.3.2 APP List possible actions to provide a safe 1 Optional content: rigour, preparation, ALL ATM position handover–takeover. overlap time 9.3.3 APP Explain the consequences of a missed 2 ALL ATM position handover–takeover process. 9.3.3

TOPIC ATM 10 — PROVISION OF CONTROL SERVICE Subtopic ATM 10.1 — Responsibility for the provision of control service and the processing of information

APP Describe the division of responsibility 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL ATM among air traffic control units. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 10.1.1 APP Describe the responsibility in regard to 2 ICAO Doc 4444 ALL ATM military traffic. Optional content: ICAO Doc 9554 10.1.2 APP Describe the responsibility in regard to 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM unmanned free balloons. 10.1.3 APP Interpret operational information. 5 APP ATM ACP 10.1.4 APS ACS

TOPIC ATM 10 — PROVISION OF CONTROL SERVICE

APP Organise forwarding of operational 4 Optional content: including the use of APP ATM information. backup procedures ACP 10.1.5 APS ACS APP Integrate operational information into 4 APP ATM control decisions. ACP 10.1.6 APS ACS APP Appreciate the influence of operational 3 Optional content: military flying, ALL ATM requirements. calibration flights, aerial photography 10.1.7

Subtopic ATM 10.2 — Approach control

APP Explain the responsibility for the 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APP ATM provision of an approach procedural Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 10.2.1 control service. Optional content: local/simulator

operation manuals

APP Provide planning, coordination and 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, APP ATM control actions appropriate to VFR, SVFR Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ICAO Doc 4444 APS 10.2.2 and IFR traffic in VMC and IMC.

Subtopic ATM 10.3 — Traffic management process

APP Ensure that situational awareness is 4 Information gathering, traffic projection APP ATM maintained. ACP 10.3.1 APP Detect conflicts in time for appropriate 4 ALL ATM resolution. 10.3.2 APP Identify potential solutions to achieve a 3 APP ATM safe and effective traffic flow. ACP 10.3.3 APS ACS APP Evaluate possible outcomes of different 5 ALL ATM planning and control actions. 10.3.4 APP Select an appropriate plan in time to 5 APP ATM achieve safe and effective traffic flow. ACP 10.3.5 APS ACS APP Ensure the adequate prioritisation of 4 ALL ATM actions. 10.3.6 APP Execute the selected plan in a timely 3 ALL ATM manner. 10.3.7 APP Ensure that a safe and efficient outcome 4 Traffic monitoring, adaptability and ALL ATM is achieved. follow-up 10.3.8

Subtopic ATM 10.4 — Handling traffic

APP Manage arrivals, departures and 4 Optional content: simulator operation APP ATM overflights. procedures ACP 10.4.1 APS ACS

TOPIC ATM 10 — PROVISION OF CONTROL SERVICE

APP Balance the workload against personal 5 Optional content: rerouting, replanning, APP ATM capacity. prioritising solutions, denying requests, ACP 10.4.2 delegating responsibility for separation APS ACS APP Manage traffic on different types of 4 Precision, non-precision, visual APP ATM approaches. APS 10.4.3 APP Initiate missed approach. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, APP ATM Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS 10.4.4 Optional content: Skybrary APP Integrate aircraft on missed approach 4 APP ATM into the traffic situation. APS 10.4.5

TOPIC ATM 11 — HOLDING Subtopic ATM 11.1 — General holding procedures

APP Apply holding procedures. 3 ICAO Doc 4444, APP ATM Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ACP 11.1.1 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, APS holding instructions, allocation of holding ACS levels, onward clearance times APP Appreciate the factors affecting holding 3 Effect of speed, effect of level used, effect APP ATM patterns. of navigation aid in use, turbulence, ACP 11.1.2 aircraft type APS ACS

Subtopic ATM 11.2 — Approaching aircraft

APP Issue Expected Approach Times (EATs). 3 APP ATM APS 11.2.1 APP Organise the traffic landing sequence in 4 Optional content: company preference, APP ATM a holding pattern. aircraft performance, aircraft approach APS 11.2.2 capability, ILS categories, flow control

management

SUBJECT 3: METEOROLOGY

TOPIC MET 1 — METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA

Subtopic MET 1.1 — Meteorological phenomena

APP Appreciate the impact of adverse 3 Thunderstorms, icing, clear-air turbulence APP MET weather on aircraft. (CAT), turbulence, microburst, wind shear, APS 1.1.1 severe mountain waves, squall lines, volcanic ash APP Integrate data about meteorological 4 Clearances, instructions and transmitted ALL MET phenomena into the provision of ATS. information 1.1.2 Optional content: relevant meteorological

phenomena

TOPIC MET 1 — METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA APP Use techniques to avoid adverse 3 Rerouting, level change, etc. APP MET weather when necessary/possible. ACP 1.1.3 APS ACS

TOPIC MET 2 — SOURCES OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA Subtopic MET 2.1 — Sources of meteorological information

APP Obtain meteorological information. 3 METAR, TAF, SIGMET, AIRMET APP MET Optional content: AIREP/special AIREP ACP 2.1.1 APS ACS APP Decode information form 3 ALL MET meteorological data displays. 2.1.2 APP Relay meteorological information. 3 ICAO Doc 4444, ALL MET Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 2.1.3 Optional content: flight information

centre, adjacent ATS unit

SUBJECT 4: NAVIGATION

TOPIC NAV 1 — MAPS AND AERONAUTICAL CHARTS Subtopic NAV 1.1 — Maps and charts

APP Decode symbols and information 3 Instrument approach charts, SID & STAR ADC NAV displayed on aeronautical maps and charts, aerodrome charts APP 1.1.1 charts. Optional content: visual approach charts, APS

military maps and charts

APP Use relevant maps and charts. 3 ALL NAV 1.1.2

TOPIC NAV 2 — INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION Subtopic NAV 2.1 — Navigational systems

APP Manage traffic in case of change in the 4 Optional content: limitations, availability APP NAV operational status of navigational and status of ground-based and satellite- ACP 2.1.1 systems. based systems APS ACS APP Appreciate the effect of a change in the 3 Optional content: precision, limitations, ALL NAV operational status of navigational status, degraded procedures 2.1.2 systems.

Subtopic NAV 2.2 — Stabilised approach

APP Describe the concept of stabilised 2 Optional content: Skybrary ADC NAV approach. APP 2.2.1 APS

TOPIC NAV 2 — INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION

APP Appreciate the effect of late change of 3 Cockpit workload APP NAV runway-in-use or type of approach for Optional content: impact on vertical APS 2.2.2 landing aircraft. profile (CDO), FMS management, crew

procedure briefing, missed approach, loss

of situational awareness, etc. APP Appreciate controller actions that may 3 Delayed descent APP NAV contribute to unstabilised approach. 2.2.3

Subtopic NAV 2.3 — Instrument departures and arrivals

APP Describe relevant SIDs and STARs. 2 APP NAV APS 2.3.1 APP Describe the types and phases of 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ICAO Annex 6 APP NAV instrument approach procedures. APS 2.3.2 APP Describe the relevant minima applicable 2 Optional content: Type A/B operations, ADC NAV for a precision/non-precision and visual CAT I/II/III criteria, LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, APP 2.3.3 approach. LPV, RNP AR APCH minima APS

Subtopic NAV 2.4 — Navigational assistance

APP Evaluate the necessary information to 5 Optional content: nearest most suitable APP NAV be provided to pilots in need of aerodrome, track, heading, distance, ACP 2.4.1 navigational assistance. aerodrome information, any other APS

navigational assistance relevant at the ACS time

Subtopic NAV 2.5 — Satellite-based systems

APP State the different applications of 1 RNP APCH, RNP AR APCH, SBAS, GBAS APP NAV satellite-based systems relevant for Optional content: LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, LPV, APS 2.5.1 approach operations. RNP minima, precision approach

Subtopic NAV 2.6 — PBN applications

APP State the navigation applications used in 1 Approach-RNP APCH/ RNP AR APCH, APP NAV approach and terminal environments. Terminal-RNAV-1 RNP 1 with RF, APS 2.6.1 rotorcraft option RNP 0.3 Optional content: ICAO Doc 9613, Regulation (EU) No 716/2014 ,

Regulation (EU) 2018/1048

APP Explain the principles and designation of 2 Performance, functionality, sensors APP NAV navigation specifications in use. Optional content: aircrew and controller ACP 2.6.2 requirements, accuracy requirements, APS

integrity and continuity ACS

APP Describe the differences in turn 2 Optional content: fly-by, fly-over, RF, APP NAV performance. ICAO Doc 4444 APS 2.6.3 APP State future PBN developments. 1 A-RNP, RNP (AR) DEP ALL NAV Optional content: RNP 3D, VNAV, 4D, TBO 2.6.4

SUBJECT 5: AIRCRAFT

TOPIC ACFT 1 — AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS Subtopic ACFT 1.1 — Aircraft instruments

APP Integrate information from aircraft 4 ALL ACFT instruments provided by the pilot into 1.1.1 the provision of ATS. APP Explain the operation of aircraft radio 2 Optional content: radios (number of), ALL ACFT equipment. emergency radios 1.1.2

TOPIC ACFT 2 — AIRCRAFT CATEGORIES Subtopic ACFT 2.1 — Wake turbulence

APP Explain the wake turbulence effect and 2 ALL ACFT associated hazards to succeeding 2.1.1 aircraft. APP Appreciate the techniques used to 3 ALL ACFT prevent hazards associated with wake 2.1.2 turbulence to succeeding aircraft.

Subtopic ACFT 2.2 — Application of the ICAO approach categories

APP Describe the use of the ICAO approach 2 ICAO Doc 8168 ADC ACFT categories. APP 2.2.1 APS APP Appreciate the effect of the ICAO 3 ADC ACFT approach categories on the traffic APP 2.2.2 organisation. APS

TOPIC ACFT 3 — FACTORS AFFECTING AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE

Subtopic ACFT 3.1 — Climb factors

APP Integrate the influence of factors 4 Optional content: speed, mass, air density, APP ACFT affecting aircraft during climb. cabin pressurisation, wind and ACP 3.1.1 temperature APS ACS APP Describe the influence of factors 3 Optional content: runway conditions, APP ACFT affecting departing aircraft. runway slope, aerodrome elevation, wind, APS 3.1.2 temperature, aircraft configuration,

airframe contamination and aircraft mass

Subtopic ACFT 3.2 — Cruise factors

APP Integrate the influence of factors 4 Optional content: level, cruising speed, APP ACFT affecting aircraft during cruise. wind, mass, cabin pressurisation APS 3.2.1

Subtopic ACFT 3.3 — Descent and initial approach factors

APP Integrate the influence of factors 4 Optional content: wind, speed, rate of APP ACFT affecting aircraft during descent. descent, aircraft configuration, cabin APS 3.3.1 pressurisation

Subtopic ACFT 3.4 — Final approach and landing factors

TOPIC ACFT 3 — FACTORS AFFECTING AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE APP Integrate the influence of factors 4 Optional content: wind, aircraft APP ACFT affecting aircraft during final approach configuration, mass, meteorological APS 3.4.1 and landing. conditions, runway conditions, runway

slope, aerodrome elevation

Subtopic ACFT 3.5 — Economic factors

APP Integrate consideration of economic 4 Optional content: routing, level, speed, APP ACFT factors affecting aircraft. rate of climb and rate of descent, APS 3.5.1 approach profile APP Use continuous climb techniques where 3 APP ACFT applicable. ACP 3.5.2 APP Use direct routing where applicable. 3 APP ACFT ACP 3.5.3 APS

ACS

Subtopic ACFT 3.6 — Environmental factors

APP Appreciate the performance restrictions 3 Optional content: fuel-dumping, noise- APP ACFT due to environmental considerations. abatement procedures, minimum flight APS 3.6.1 levels, bird strike hazard, continuous

descent operations

TOPIC ACFT 4 — AIRCRAFT DATA

Subtopic ACFT 4.1 — Performance data

APP Integrate the average performance data 4 Performance data under a representative APP ACFT of a representative sample of aircraft variety of circumstances ACP 4.1.1 which will be encountered in the APS operational/ working environment into ACS the provision of control service.

SUBJECT 6: HUMAN FACTORS

TOPIC HUM 1 — INFORMATION PROCESSING Subtopic HUM 1.1 — Cognition and factors influencing it

APP Describe the human information- 2 Attention, perception, memory, ALL HUM processing model. situational awareness, decision-making, 1.1.1 response APP Describe the factors which influence 2 Confidence, stress, learning, knowledge, ALL HUM human information-processing. experience, fatigue, alcohol/drugs, 1.1.2 distraction, interpersonal relations

Subtopic HUM 1.2 — Situational awareness

APP Appreciate the effect of human 3 Optional content: workload, knowledge, ALL HUM information-processing factors on interpersonal relations, distraction, 1.2.1 situational awareness. confidence, experience, fatigue, stress

Subtopic HUM 1.3 — Decision-making

APP Appreciate the effect of human 3 Optional content: workload, stress, ALL HUM information-processing factors on interpersonal relations, distraction, 1.3.1 decision-making. confidence

TOPIC HUM 2 — FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Subtopic HUM 2.1 — Fatigue

APP Describe the onset of fatigue. 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL HUM Optional content: lack of concentration, 2.1.1 listlessness, irritability, frustration, Skybrary Human Behaviour:

EUROCONTROL Fatigue and sleep management

APP Recognise the onset of fatigue in self 1 Optional content: Skybrary Human ALL HUM and in others. Behaviour: EUROCONTROL Fatigue and 2.1.2 sleep management APP Describe the appropriate action when 2 Optional content: Skybrary Human ALL HUM recognising fatigue. Behaviour: EUROCONTROL Fatigue and 2.1.3 sleep management

Subtopic HUM 2.2 — Stress

APP Recognise the effects of stress on 1 Stress and its symptoms in self and in ALL HUM human performance. others 2.2.1 Optional content: Regulation (EU)

2017/373

APP Describe the appropriate action when 2 ALL HUM recognising stress. 2.2.2 APP Act to reduce stress. 3 ALL HUM 2.2.3 APP Respond to stressful situations by 3 ALL HUM offering, asking for or accepting 2.2.4 assistance. APP Recognise the effect of stressful events. 1 Self and others, abnormal situations ALL HUM 2.2.5

TOPIC HUM 3 — THREAT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT Subtopic HUM 3.1 — Threat and error management framework

APP Explain the importance of threat and 2 Optional content: prevention of incidents, ALL HUM error management. safety improvement, revision of 3.1.1 procedures and/or working practices APP Explain the threat and error 2 Threats, errors, undesired states, ALL HUM management framework. countermeasures 3.1.2 Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 —

AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

APP Differentiate between the different 2 Internal, external, airborne, ALL HUM types of threats in ATC. environmental 3.1.3 Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 —

AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

APP Differentiate between the different 2 Equipment, procedural, communication ALL HUM types of errors in ATC.

TOPIC HUM 3 — THREAT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT

3.1.4 Optional content: increase in traffic,

changes in procedures, complexities of systems or traffic, weather, unusual occurrences

APP Differentiate between the different 2 On the ground, airborne ALL HUM types of undesired states. Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.1.5 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

APP Analyse examples of threat and error 4 Case studies ALL HUM management in ATC. Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.1.6 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

Subtopic HUM 3.2 — Application of threat and error management

APP Manage threats. 4 Detect and respond ALL HUM Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.2.1 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

APP Manage errors. 4 Detect and respond ALL HUM Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.2.2 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

APP Manage undesired states. 4 Detect and respond ALL HUM Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.2.3 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

TOPIC HUM 4 — TEAMWORK Subtopic HUM 4.1 — Benefits of teamwork

APP State the benefits of teamwork. 1 Increased safety, efficiency and capacity ALL HUM 4.1.1 APP List the controller’s human performance 1 Situational awareness, communication, ALL HUM elements affected by teamwork. decision-making, threat and error 4.1.2 management, workload management

Subtopic HUM 4.2 — Conflict management

APP Identify the reasons for conflict. 3 ALL HUM 4.2.1 APP Describe strategies to cope with human 2 Optional content: in your team, in the ALL HUM conflicts. simulator 4.2.2 APP Describe actions to prevent human 2 ALL HUM conflicts. 4.2.3

TOPIC HUM 5 — SYSTEMS Subtopic HUM 5.1 — Concept of systems in ATM/ANS

APP Explain the concept of systems. 2 People; procedures; equipment; ATM in ALL HUM system terms: simple, complicated, and 5.1.1 complex systems; system thinking APP Describe how changes in one part of a 2 ALL HUM system may impact the other parts. 5.1.2 APP Describe the role of the human in the 2 ALL HUM system. 5.1.3

TOPIC HUM 6 — COLLABORATIVE WORK Subtopic HUM 6.1 — Effective communication

APP Explain effective communication in ATC 2 ICAO Doc 9868 ALL HUM operations. 6.1.1 APP Explain key strategies used to enable 2 Optional content: active listening, active ALL HUM open communication. speaking, assertiveness, honesty, 6.1.2 relevance, facts, neutrality APP Describe the parameters affecting the 2 Workload, mutual knowledge, controller ALL HUM controller’s competence to versus pilot mental picture, distractions, 6.1.3 communicate effectively. sound, human conflicts

Optional content: communication between and within the team(s), in the

simulator, with the pilots, instructors,

coordination partners

Subtopic HUM 6.2 — Effective feedback

APP Define feedback. 1 ALL HUM 6.2.1 APP Explain the purpose of receiving and 2 ALL HUM giving feedback, and its effect on 6.2.2 performance. APP Consider the impact of communication 2 ALL HUM styles on feedback and on conflict 6.2.3 resolution. APP Integrate feedback into performance. 4 ALL HUM 6.2.4

SUBJECT 7: EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

TOPIC EQPS 1 — VOICE COMMUNICATIONS

Subtopic EQPS 1.1 — Radio communications

APP Operate two-way communication 3 Transmit/receive switches, procedures ALL EQPS equipment. Optional content: frequency selection, 1.1.1 standby equipment APP Identify indications of operational status 3 Optional content: indicator lights, ALL EQPS of radio equipment. serviceability displays, selector/frequency 1.1.2 displays APP Consider radio range. 2 Optional content: transfer to another APP EQPS frequency, apparent radio failure, failure ACP 1.1.3 to establish radio contact, frequency APS protection range ACS

Subtopic EQPS 1.2 — Other voice communications

APP Operate landline communications. 3 Optional content: telephone, interphone ALL EQPS and intercom equipment 1.2.1

TOPIC EQPS 2 — AUTOMATION IN ATS

Subtopic EQPS 2.1 — Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network (AFTN)

APP Decode AFTN messages. 3 Optional content: movement and control ALL EQPS messages, NOTAM, SNOWTAM, BIRDTAM, 2.1.1 etc.

Subtopic EQPS 2.2 — Automatic data interchange

APP Use automatic data transfer equipment 3 Optional content: automated information APP EQPS where available. and coordination, OLDI ACP 2.2.1

TOPIC EQPS 3 — CONTROLLER WORKING POSITION Subtopic EQPS 3.1 — Operation and monitoring of equipment

APP Monitor the technical integrity of the 3 Notification procedures, responsibilities ALL EQPS controller working position. 3.1.1 APP Operate the equipment of the controller 3 Optional content: situation displays, flight ALL EQPS working position. progress board, flight data display, radio, 3.1.2 telephone, maps and charts, strip-printer,

clock, information systems, UDF/VDF

APP Operate the available equipment in 3 ALL EQPS abnormal and emergency situations. 3.1.3

Subtopic EQPS 3.2 — Situation displays and information systems

APP Use situation displays. 3 ALL EQPS 3.2.1 APP Check the availability of information. 3 ALL EQPS 3.2.2

TOPIC EQPS 3 — CONTROLLER WORKING POSITION

APP Obtain information from equipment. 3 APP EQPS ACP 3.2.3 APS ACS

Subtopic EQPS 3.3 — Flight data systems

APP Use the flight data information at the 3 ALL EQPS controller working position. 3.3.1

TOPIC EQPS 4 — FUTURE EQUIPMENT Subtopic EQPS 4.1 — New developments

APP Recognise future developments. 1 New advanced systems ALL EQPS Optional content: European ATM Master 4.1.1 Plan, European Plan for Aviation Safety

TOPIC EQPS 5 — EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS’ LIMITATIONS AND DEGRADATION Subtopic EQPS 5.1 — Reaction to limitations

APP Take account of the limitations of 2 ALL EQPS equipment and systems. 5.1.1 APP Respond to technical deficiencies of the 3 Notification procedures, responsibilities ALL EQPS operational position. 5.1.2

Subtopic EQPS 5.2 — Communication equipment degradation

APP Identify that communication equipment 3 Optional content: ground–air and landline APP EQPS has degraded. communications ACP 5.2.1 APS ACS APP Apply contingency procedures in the 3 Optional content: procedures for total or ALL EQPS event of communication equipment partial degradation of ground–air and 5.2.2 degradation. landline communications, alternative

methods of transferring data

Subtopic EQPS 5.3 — Navigational equipment degradation

APP Identify when a navigational equipment 3 Optional content: navigational aids, ALL EQPS failure will affect operational ability. ‘European GNSS Contingency/Reversion 5.3.1 Handbook for PBN Operations’ APP Apply contingency procedures in the 3 Optional content: vertical separation, ALL EQPS event of navigational equipment information to aircraft, navigational 5.3.2 degradation. assistance, seeking assistance from

adjacent units

SUBJECT 8: PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT

TOPIC PEN 1 — FAMILIARISATION

Subtopic PEN 1.1 — Study visit to approach control unit

APP Appreciate the functions and provision 3 Study visit to an approach control unit APP PEN of operational approach control service. APS 1.1.1

TOPIC PEN 2 — AIRSPACE USERS Subtopic PEN 2.1 — Contributors to civil ATS operations

APP Characterise civil ATS activities in the 2 Study visit to an approach control unit APP PEN approach control unit. Optional content: familiarisation visits to APS 2.1.1 TWR, ACC, AIS, RCC APP Characterise other parties interfacing 2 Optional content: familiarisation visits to ALL PEN with ATS operations. engineering services, firefighting and 2.1.2 emergency services, airline operations

offices

Subtopic PEN 2.2 — Contributors to military ATS operations

APP Characterise military ATS activities. 2 Optional content: familiarisation visits to ALL PEN TWR, APP, ACC, AIS, RCC, air defence units 2.2.1

TOPIC PEN 3 — CUSTOMER RELATIONS Subtopic PEN 3.1 — Provision of services and user requirements

APP Appreciate the role of an air navigation 3 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 ALL PEN service provider. 3.1.1 APP Appreciate ATS users’ requirements. 3 ALL PEN 3.1.2

TOPIC PEN 4 — ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Subtopic PEN 4.1 — Environmental protection

APP Describe the environmental constraints 2 Optional content: ICAO Doc 10013 — ADC PEN on aerodrome operations. Operational opportunities to reduce fuel APP 4.1.1 burn and emissions APS APP Explain the use of the Collaborative 2 Optional content: European ATM Master ADC PEN Environmental Management (CEM) Plan, EUROCONTROL CEM Specification APP 4.1.2 process at aerodromes. APS APP Appreciate the mitigation techniques 3 Optional content: noise-abatement ADC PEN used at aerodromes to minimise procedures, noise preferential routes, APP 4.1.3 aviation’s impact on the environment. flight efficiency

SUBJECT 9: ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

TOPIC ABES 1 — ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ABES) Subtopic ABES 1.1 — Overview of ABES

APP List common abnormal and emergency 1 Optional content: EATM Guidelines for ALL ABES situations. Controller Training in the Handling of 1.1.1 Unusual/Emergency Situations,

ambulance flights, ground-based safety nets alerts, airframe failure, unreliable instruments, runway incursion, GNSS failure

APP Identify potential or actual abnormal 3 ALL ABES and emergency situations. 1.1.2 APP Take into account the procedures for 2 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 APP ABES given abnormal and emergency ACP 1.1.3 situations. APS ACS APP Take into account that procedures do 2 Optional content: real-life examples ALL ABES not exist for all abnormal and 1.1.4 emergency situations. APP Consider how the evolution of a 2 Optional content: separation, information, ALL ABES situation may have an impact on safety. coordination 1.1.5

TOPIC ABES 2 — SKILLS IMPROVEMENT Subtopic ABES 2.1 — Communication effectiveness

APP Ensure effective communication in all 4 Phraseology, vocabulary, readback, radio ALL ABES circumstances including the case where silence instruction 2.1.1 standard phraseology is not applicable. APP Apply change of radiotelephony call 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES sign. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 2.1.2

Subtopic ABES 2.2 — Avoidance of mental overload

APP Describe actions to keep the situation 2 Optional content: sector-splitting, ALL ABES under control. holding, flow management, task 2.2.1 delegation APP Organise priority of actions. 4 ALL ABES 2.2.2 APP Ensure the effective dissemination of 4 Optional content: between executive and ALL ABES information. planner/coordinator, with the supervisor, 2.2.3 between sectors, between ACC, APP and TWR, with ground staff, etc. APP Consider asking for help. 2 ALL ABES 2.2.4

Subtopic ABES 2.3 — Air–ground cooperation

TOPIC ABES 2 — SKILLS IMPROVEMENT

APP Collect appropriate information relevant 3 ALL ABES to the situation. 2.3.1 APP Assist the pilot. 3 Pilot workload ALL ABES Optional content: instructions, 2.3.2 information, support, human factors, etc.

TOPIC ABES 3 — PROCEDURES FOR ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ABES) Subtopic ABES 3.1 — Application of procedures for ABES

APP Apply the procedures for given 3 Optional content: EATM Guidelines for ALL ABES abnormal and emergency situations. Controller Training in the Handling of 3.1.1 Unusual/Emergency Situations,

ambulance flights, ground-based safety nets alerts, airframe failure

Subtopic ABES 3.2 — Radio failure

APP Describe the procedures to be followed 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES by a pilot experiencing complete or Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, military 3.2.1 partial radio failure. procedures, simulator operation

procedures

APP Apply the procedures to be followed 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES when a pilot experiences complete or Optional content: prolonged loss of 3.2.2 partial radio failure. communication

Subtopic ABES 3.3 — Unlawful interference and aircraft bomb threat

APP Apply ATC procedures associated with 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES unlawful interference and aircraft bomb Optional content: simulator operation 3.3.1 threat. procedures

Subtopic ABES 3.4 — Strayed or unidentified aircraft

APP Apply the procedures for strayed 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES aircraft. Optional content: inside controlled 3.4.1 airspace, outside controlled airspace APP Apply the procedures for unidentified 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES aircraft. 3.4.2

Subtopic ABES 3.5 — Diversion

APP Provide navigational assistance to 4 Track/heading, distance, other APP ABES aircraft diverting in emergency. navigational assistance ACP 3.5.1 Optional content: nearest most suitable APS aerodrome ACS

Subtopic ABES 3.6— Interception of civil aircraft

APP Explain the procedures for interception 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES of civil aircraft. 3.6.1

SUBJECT 10: AERODROMES

TOPIC AGA 1 — AERODROME DATA, LAYOUT AND COORDINATION Subtopic AGA 1.1 — Definitions

APP Define aerodrome data. 1 Regulation (EU) No 139/20141 ADC AGA Optional content: aerodrome elevation, APP 1.1.1 reference point, apron, movement area, APS

manoeuvring area, hotspot

Subtopic AGA 1.2 — Coordination

APP Identify the information that has to be 3 Aerodrome conditions, fire/rescue ADC AGA exchanged between ATS and the category, condition of ground equipment APP 1.2.1 aerodrome authority. and NAVAIDs, AIRAC, Regulation (EU) APS No 139/2014

TOPIC AGA 2 — MOVEMENT AREA Subtopic AGA 2.1 — Movement area

APP Describe the movement area. 2 Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 ADC AGA APP 2.1.1 APS APP Describe the marking of obstacles and 2 Flags, signs on pavement, lights ADC AGA unusable or unserviceable areas. APP 2.1.2 APS APP Identify the information on conditions of 3 Essential information on aerodrome ADC AGA the movement area that has to be conditions APP 2.1.3 passed on to aircraft. APS

Subtopic AGA 2.2 — Manoeuvring area

APP Describe the manoeuvring area. 2 Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 ADC AGA APP 2.2.1 APS APP Describe the taxiway. 2 ADC AGA APP 2.2.2 APS APP Describe the daylight marking on 2 ADC AGA taxiways. APP 2.2.3 APS APP Describe taxiway lighting. 2 ADC AGA APP 2.2.4 APS

Subtopic AGA 2.3 — Runways

APP Describe the runway. 2 Runway, runway surface, runway strip, ADC AGA shoulder, runway-end safety areas, APP 2.3.1 clearways, stopways APS APP Describe the instrument runway. 2 Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 ADC AGA APP 2.3.2 APS

TOPIC AGA 2 — MOVEMENT AREA

APP Describe the non-instrument runway. 2 Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 ADC AGA APP 2.3.3 APS APP Explain declared distances. 2 TORA, TODA, ASDA, LDA ADC AGA APP 2.3.4 APS APP Explain the differences between ACN 2 Strength of pavements ADC AGA and PCN. APP 2.3.5 APS APP Describe the daylight markings on 2 Optional content: runway designator, ADC AGA runways. centre line, threshold, aiming point, fixed APP 2.3.6 distance, touchdown zone, side strip, APS

colour

APP Describe runway lights. 2 Optional content: colour, centre line, ADC AGA intensity, edge, touchdown zone, APP 2.3.7 threshold, barettes APS APP Explain the functions of visual landing 2 Optional content: AVASI, VASI, PAPI ADC AGA aids. APP 2.3.8 APS APP Describe the approach lighting systems. 2 Centre line, cross bars, stroboscopic lights, ADC AGA colours, intensity and brightness APP 2.3.9 APS APP Characterise the effect of water/ice on 2 ADC AGA runways. APP 2.3.10 APS APP Explain braking performance and 2 ADC AGA methods of reporting it. APP 2.3.11 APS APP Explain the effect of runway visual range 2 ADC AGA on aerodrome operations. APP 2.3.12 APS

TOPIC AGA 3 — OBSTACLES Subtopic AGA 3.1 — Obstacle-free airspace around aerodromes

APP Explain the necessity for establishing 2 ADC AGA and maintaining airspace around APP 3.1.1 aerodromes obstacle free. APS

TOPIC AGA 4 — MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT Subtopic AGA 4.1 — Location

APP Explain the location of miscellaneous 2 Optional content: LOC, GP, VDF, radio ADC AGA aerodrome ground equipment. communication or ATS surveillance APP 4.1.1 systems sensors, stopbars, AVASI, VASI, APS

PAPI

AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iii) Composition of initial training

AREA CONTROL PROCEDURAL (ACP) RATING TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES

(a) The general principles that apply to this AMC are contained in AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a). (b) The ATCO rating training Area Control Procedural Rating (ACP) should contain the following topics, subtopics and training objectives that are associated with the subjects contained in point ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iii) Area Control Procedural Rating (ACP). (c) Subjects from point ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iii) are repeated in this AMC for the convenience of the reader and do not form part of it. INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE

TOPIC INTR 1 — COURSE MANAGEMENT Subtopic INTR 1.1 — Course introduction

ACP Explain the aims and main objectives of 2 ALL INTR the course. 1.1.1

Subtopic INTR 1.2 — Course administration

ACP State how the course is administered. 1 ALL INTR 1.2.1

Subtopic INTR 1.3 — Study material and training documentation

ACP Use appropriate documents and their 3 Optional content: training documentation, ALL INTR sources for course studies. library, CBT library, web, learning 1.3.1 management server ACP Integrate appropriate information into 4 Training documentation ALL INTR course studies. Optional content: supplementary 1.3.2 information, library

TOPIC INTR 2 — INTRODUCTION TO THE ATC TRAINING COURSE Subtopic INTR 2.1 — Course content and organisation

ACP State the different training methods 1 Theoretical training, practical training, ALL INTR used during the course. self-study, types of training events 2.1.1 ACP State the subjects covered by the course 1 ALL INTR and their purpose. 2.1.2 ACP Describe the organisation of theoretical 2 Optional content: course programme ALL INTR training. 2.1.3 ACP Describe the organisation of practical 2 Optional content: PTP, simulation, ALL INTR training. briefing, debriefing, course programme 2.1.4

Subtopic INTR 2.2 — Training ethos

TOPIC INTR 2 — INTRODUCTION TO THE ATC TRAINING COURSE

ACP Recognise the feedback mechanisms 1 Training progress, assessment, briefing, ALL INTR available. debriefing, learner–instructor feedback, 2.2.1 instructor–instructor feedback

Subtopic INTR 2.3 — Assessment process

ACP Describe the assessment process. 2 ALL INTR 2.3.1

SUBJECT 1: AVIATION LAW

TOPIC LAW 1 — ATCO LICENSING/CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENCE Subtopic LAW 1.1 — Privileges and conditions

ACP Appreciate the conditions which shall be 3 Regulation (EU) 2015/340 ACP LAW met to issue an Area Control Procedural Optional content: national documents 1.1.1 rating. ACP Explain how to maintain and update 2 ALL LAW professional knowledge and skills to 1.1.2 retain competence in the operational environment. ACP Explain the conditions for the 2 Regulation (EU) 2015/340 ALL LAW suspension/ revocation of an ATCO 1.1.3 licence.

TOPIC LAW 2 — RULES AND REGULATIONS Subtopic LAW 2.1 — Reports

ACP Describe the functions of, and processes 2 Reporting culture, forms for mandatory ALL LAW for, reporting. and voluntary occurrence reporting, 2.1.1 Regulation (EU) No 376/2014 , Regulation (EU) 2015/1018 Optional content: breach of regulations,

watchbook/logbook, records, voluntary reporting

ACP Use forms for reporting. 3 Regulation (EU) No 376/2014, forms for ALL LAW mandatory and voluntary occurrence 2.1.2 reporting

TOPIC LAW 2 — RULES AND REGULATIONS

Optional content: routine air-reports, breach of regulations,

watchbook/logbook, records

Subtopic LAW 2.2 — Airspace

ACP Appreciate airspace classes and 3 ACP LAW structure and their relevance to 2.2.1 operation using the Area Control Procedural rating. ACP Provide planning, coordination and 4 Optional content: Regulation (EU) No ALL LAW control actions appropriate to the 923/2012 , international requirements, 2.2.2 classification and structure of given civil requirements, military requirements, airspace. areas of responsibility, sectorisation,

national requirements

ACP Appreciate responsibility for terrain 3 ALL LAW clearance. 2.2.3

TOPIC LAW 3 — ATS SAFETY MANAGEMENT Subtopic LAW 3.1 — Feedback process

ACP State the importance of controller 1 Optional content: voluntary reporting ALL LAW contribution to the feedback process. 3.1.1 ACP Describe how reported occurrences are 2 Optional content: Regulation (EU) ALL LAW analysed. No 376/2014, local procedures 3.1.2 ACP Name the means used to disseminate 1 Optional content: safety letters, safety ALL LAW recommendations. boards web pages 3.1.3 ACP Appreciate the just culture concept. 3 Benefits, prerequisites, constraints ALL LAW Optional content: Skybrary 3.1.4

Subtopic LAW 3.2 — Safety investigation

ACP Describe the role and objectives of 2 ALL LAW safety investigation in the improvement 3.2.1 of safety.

SUBJECT 2: AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

TOPIC ATM 1 — PROVISION OF SERVICES Subtopic ATM 1.1 — Air traffic control (ATC) service

ACP Appreciate own area of responsibility. 3 APP ATM ACP 1.1.1 APS ACS ACP Provide area control service. 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ACP ATM Regulation (EU) 2017/373 , operating ACS 1.1.2 procedures for the simulated/training environment

Subtopic ATM 1.2 — Flight information service (FIS)

ACP Provide FIS. 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation ALL ATM (EU) 2017/373 1.2.1 Optional content: national documents ACP Issue appropriate information 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation APP ATM concerning the position of conflicting (EU) 2017/373, traffic information, ACP 1.2.2 traffic. essential traffic information APS

ACS

ACP Appreciate the use of ATIS in the 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM provision of FIS. 1.2.3

Subtopic ATM 1.3 — Alerting service (ALRS)

ACP Provide ALRS. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, Regulation (EU) ALL ATM No 923/2012 1.3.1 Optional content: national documents ACP Respond to distress and urgency 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ALL ATM messages and signals. ICAO Annex 10 1.3.2 Optional content: EUROCONTROL

Guidelines for Controller Training in the Handling of Unusual/Emergency Situations, ICAO Doc 4444, national documents

Subtopic ATM 1.4 — ATS system capacity and air traffic flow management (ATFM)

ACP Appreciate the impact of the ATS system 3 Optional content: EUROCONTROL ATFCM ACP ATM capacity and air traffic flow Users Manual, FABs, FUA, free route ACS 1.4.1 management on the controller. airspace, local implementation of ATFCM principles, etc. ACP Apply flow management procedures in 3 Optional content: EUROCONTROL ATFCM ACP ATM the provision of ATC. Users Manual ACS 1.4.2

TOPIC ATM 1 — PROVISION OF SERVICES

ACP Organise traffic flows and patterns to 4 Optional content: civil and military, APP ATM take account of airspace boundaries. controlled, uncontrolled, advisory, ACP 1.4.3 restricted, danger, prohibited, special APS rules, sector boundaries, national ACS

boundaries, FIR boundaries, delegated airspace, transfer of control, transfer of communications, en-route, off-route

ACP Organise traffic flows and patterns to 4 Optional content: EUROCONTROL ATFCM APP ATM take account of areas of responsibility. Users Manual ACP 1.4.4 APS ACS ACP Inform the supervisor of local factors 3 Optional content: abnormal situations, APP ATM affecting the ATS system capacity and air decrease in sector capacity, limitations on ACP 1.4.5 traffic flow management. systems and equipment, changes in APS workload/capacity, unusual ACS

meteorological conditions, relevant information like: reported ground-based incidents, forest fire, smoke, oil pollution

Subtopic ATM 1.5 — Airspace management (ASM)

ACP Appreciate the impact of ASM on the 3 Optional content: FABs, EUROCONTROL APP ATM controller. Specification for the application of FUA, ACP 1.5.1 TSAs, CDRs, CBAs, free route airspace APS ACS ACP Organise traffic to take account of ASM. 4 Optional content: CDR, TSA, TRA, CBA, APP ATM real-time activation, deactivation or ACP 1.5.2 reallocation of airspace

TOPIC ATM 2 — COMMUNICATION Subtopic ATM 2.1 — Effective communication

ACP List the means of communication 1 Optional content: electronic, written, ALL ATM between controllers. verbal and non-verbal communication 2.1.1 ACP Select the most suitable means of 5 ALL ATM communication given the situation. 2.1.2 ACP Use approved phraseology. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM Optional content: published national/local 2.1.3 language phraseology ACP Ensure effective communication. 4 Use of plain language when required, ALL ATM communication within the sector/working 2.1.4 position, between the sectors/WPs/ATC units readback/verification of readback ACP Analyse examples of pilot and controller 4 Optional content: real-life recordings, ALL ATM communication for effectiveness. situation in the simulator 2.1.5

TOPIC ATM 3 — ATC CLEARANCES AND ATC INSTRUCTIONS Subtopic ATM 3.1 — ATC clearances

ACP Issue appropriate ATC clearances. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ALL ATM Regulation (EU) 2017/373 3.1.1 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, national

documents

ACP Integrate appropriate ATC clearances 4 ALL ATM into the control service. 3.1.2 ACP Ensure that the agreed course of action 4 ALL ATM is carried out. 3.1.3

Subtopic ATM 3.2 — ATC instructions

ACP Issue appropriate ATC instructions. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ALL ATM Regulation (EU) 2017/373 3.2.1 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, national

documents

ACP Integrate appropriate ATC instructions 4 ALL ATM into the control service. 3.2.2 ACP Ensure that the agreed course of action 4 ALL ATM is carried out. 3.2.3

TOPIC ATM 4 — COORDINATION Subtopic ATM 4.1 — Necessity for coordination

ACP Identify the need for coordination. 3 ALL ATM 4.1.1

Subtopic ATM 4.2 — Tools and methods for coordination

ACP Use the available tools for coordination. 3 Optional content: electronic transfer of ALL ATM flight data, telephone, interphone, 4.2.1 intercom, direct speech, radiotelephone

(RTF), local agreements, automated system coordination

Subtopic ATM 4.3 — Coordination procedures

ACP Initiate appropriate coordination. 3 Delegation/transfer of responsibility for ALL ATM air–ground communications and 4.3.1 separation, transfer of control, etc., Regulation (EU) 2017/373

Optional content: release point

ACP Analyse the effect of coordination 4 Optional content: delegation/transfer of ALL ATM requested by an adjacent position/unit. responsibility for air–ground 4.3.2 communications and separation, release point, transfer of control, etc. ACP Select, after negotiation, an appropriate 5 ALL ATM course of action. 4.3.3 ACP Ensure that the agreed course of action 4 ALL ATM is carried out. 4.3.4

TOPIC ATM 4 — COORDINATION

ACP Coordinate when providing FIS. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL ATM Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 4.3.5 ACP Coordinate when providing ALRS. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL ATM Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 4.3.6

TOPIC ATM 5 — ALTIMETRY AND LEVEL ALLOCATION Subtopic ATM 5.1 — Altimetry

ACP Allocate levels according to altimetry 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM data. 5.1.1 ACP Ensure separation according to altimetry 4 Optional content: transition level, ALL ATM data. transition altitude, transition layer, height, 5.1.2 flight level, altitude, vertical distance to

airspace boundaries

Subtopic ATM 5.2 — Terrain clearance

ACP Provide planning, coordination and 4 Optional content: terrain clearance APP ATM control actions appropriate to the rules dimensions, minimum safe altitudes, ACP 5.2.1 for minimum usable levels and terrain transition level, minimum flight level, clearance. minimum sector altitude

TOPIC ATM 6 — SEPARATION Subtopic ATM 6.1 — Vertical separation

ACP Provide standard vertical separation. 4 ICAO Doc 4444, ACP ATM Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, level ACS 6.1.1 allocation, during climb/descent, rate of climb/descent, RVSM, non-RVSM aircraft, holding pattern ACP Provide increased vertical separation. 4 ICAO Doc 4444, APP ATM Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ACP 6.1.2 Optional content: level allocation, during APS climb/descent, rate of climb/descent, ACS

degraded aircraft performance, non-RVSM aircraft, reported severe turbulence

ACP Appreciate the application of emergency 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, APP ATM vertical separation. ICAO Doc 4444, ICAO Doc 7030 ACP 6.1.3 APS ACS

Subtopic ATM 6.2 — Horizontal separation

ACP Provide longitudinal separation. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, based on time, ACP ATM based on distance (DME and/or GNSS, 6.2.1 RNAV)

Optional content: based on time with Mach number technique

ACP Provide lateral separation. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ICAO Doc 7030, APP ATM holding ACP 6.2.2

TOPIC ATM 6 — SEPARATION

ACP Provide track separation. 4 ACP ATM APP 6.2.3 ACP Provide geographical separation. 4 Visual, using navigation aids, area ACP ATM navigation APP 6.2.4

TOPIC ATM 7 — AIRBORNE AND GROUND-BASED SAFETY NETS Subtopic ATM 7.1 — Airborne safety nets

ACP Recognise the independence of ACAS 1 ICAO Doc 9863 ALL ATM thresholds from ATC separation Optional content: Skybrary Safety Nets 7.1.1 standards. ACP Describe the controller responsibility 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM during and following an ACAS RA Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, 7.1.2 reported by the pilot. ICAO Doc 9863, Skybrary Safety Nets ACP Respond to pilot notification of actions 3 ACAS APP ATM based on airborne systems warnings. Optional content: TAWS, Skybrary Safety APS 7.1.3 Nets ACP ACS

TOPIC ATM 8 — DATA DISPLAY Subtopic ATM 8.1 — Data management

ACP Update the data display to accurately 3 Optional content: information displayed, ALL ATM reflect the traffic situation. strip-marking procedures, electronic 8.1.1 information data displays, actions based

on traffic display information, calculation of EETs

ACP Analyse pertinent data on data displays. 4 ALL ATM 8.1.2 ACP Organise pertinent data on data 4 ALL ATM displays. 8.1.3 ACP Obtain flight plan information. 3 CPL, supplementary information ALL ATM Optional content: FPL, AFIL, etc. 8.1.4 ACP Use flight plan information. 3 ALL ATM 8.1.5

TOPIC ATM 9 — OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (SIMULATED) Subtopic ATM 9.1 — Integrity of the operational environment

ACP Obtain information concerning the 3 Optional content: local/simulator ALL ATM operational environment. operation manuals, briefing, notices, 9.1.1 current flight plan data/information displays, pilot reports, coordination,

verification of information

TOPIC ATM 9 — OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (SIMULATED)

ACP Ensure the integrity of the operational 4 Optional content: integrity of displays, APP ATM environment. verification of the information provided by ACP 9.1.2 displays, etc. APS ACS

Subtopic ATM 9.2 — Verification of the currency of operational procedures

ACP Check all relevant documentation before 3 Optional content: briefing, letters of ALL ATM managing traffic. agreement (LoAs), NOTAMs, AICs 9.2.1 ACP Manage traffic in accordance with a 4 APP ATM change to operational procedures. ACP 9.2.2 APS ACS

Subtopic ATM 9.3 — Handover–takeover

ACP Transfer information to the relieving 3 ALL ATM controller. 9.3.1 ACP Obtain information from the controller 3 ALL ATM handing over. 9.3.2 ACP List possible actions to provide a safe 1 Optional content: rigour, preparation, ALL ATM position handover–takeover. overlap time 9.3.3 ACP Explain the consequences of a missed 2 ALL ATM position handover–takeover process. 9.3.4

TOPIC ATM 10 — PROVISION OF CONTROL SERVICE Subtopic ATM 10.1 — Responsibility for the provision of control service and the processing of information

ACP Describe the division of responsibility 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL ATM among air traffic control units. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 10.1.1 ACP Describe the responsibility in regard to 2 ICAO Doc 4444 ALL ATM military traffic. Optional content: ICAO Doc 9554 10.1.2 ACP Describe the responsibility in regard to 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM unmanned free balloons. 10.1.3 ACP Interpret operational information. 5 APP ATM ACP 10.1.4 APS ACS ACP Organise forwarding of operational 4 Optional content: including the use of APP ATM information. backup procedures ACP 10.1.5 APS ACS ACP Integrate operational information into 4 APP ATM control decisions. ACP 10.1.6 APS ACS

TOPIC ATM 10 — PROVISION OF CONTROL SERVICE

ACP Appreciate the influence of operational 3 Optional content: military flying, ALL ATM requirements. calibration flights, aerial photography 10.1.7

Subtopic ATM 10.2 — Area control

ACP Explain the responsibility for the 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ACP ATM provision of area procedural control Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 10.2.1 service. Optional content: local/simulator

operation manuals

ACP Provide planning, coordination and 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ACP ATM control actions appropriate to VFR and Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ICAO Doc 4444 ACS 10.2.2 IFR traffic in VMC and IMC.

Subtopic ATM 10.3 — Traffic management process

ACP Ensure that situational awareness is 4 Information gathering, traffic projection APP ATM maintained. ACP 10.3.1 ACP Detect conflicts in time for appropriate 4 ALL ATM resolution. 10.3.2 ACP Identify potential solutions to achieve a 3 APP ATM safe and effective traffic flow. ACP 10.3.3 APS ACS ACP Evaluate possible outcomes of different 5 ALL ATM planning and control actions. 10.3.4 ACP Select an appropriate plan in time to 5 APP ATM achieve safe and effective traffic flow. ACP 10.3.5 APS ACS ACP Ensure the adequate prioritisation of 4 ALL ATM actions. 10.3.6 ACP Execute the selected plan in a timely 3 ALL ATM manner. 10.3.7 ACP Ensure that a safe and efficient outcome 4 Traffic monitoring, adaptability and ALL ATM is achieved. follow-up 10.3.8

Subtopic ATM 10.4 — Handling traffic

ACP Manage arrivals, departures and 4 Optional content: simulator operation APP ATM overflights. procedures ACP 10.4.1 APS ACS ACP Balance the workload against personal 5 Optional content: rerouting, replanning, APP ATM capacity. prioritising solutions, denying requests, ACP 10.4.2 delegating responsibility for separation APS ACS

TOPIC ATM 11 — HOLDING Subtopic ATM 11.1 — Holding procedures

ACP Apply holding procedures. 3 ICAO Doc 4444, APP ATM Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation ACP 11.1.1 (EU) 2017/373, holding instructions, APS allocation of holding levels, onward ACS clearance times ACP Appreciate the factors affecting holding 3 Effect of speed, effect of level used, effect APP ATM patterns. of navigation aid in use, turbulence, ACP 11.1.2 aircraft type APS ACS

Subtopic ATM 11.2 — Holding aircraft

ACP Issue expected onward clearance times. 3 ACP ATM ACS 11.2.1

SUBJECT 3: METEOROLOGY

TOPIC MET 1 — METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA

Subtopic MET 1.1 — Meteorological phenomena

ACP Appreciate the impact of adverse 3 Thunderstorms, icing, jet streams, clear- ACP MET weather on aircraft. air turbulence (CAT), turbulence, ACS 1.1.1 microburst, severe mountain waves, squall lines , volcanic ash

Optional content: solar radiation

ACP Integrate data about meteorological 4 Clearances, instructions and transmitted ALL MET phenomena into the provision of ATS. information 1.1.2 Optional content: relevant meteorological

phenomena

ACP Use techniques to avoid adverse 3 Rerouting, level change, etc. APP MET weather when necessary/possible. ACP 1.1.3 APS ACS

TOPIC MET 2 — SOURCES OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA Subtopic MET 2.1 — Sources of meteorological information

ACP Obtain meteorological information. 3 METAR, TAF, SIGMET, AIRMET APP MET Optional content: AIREP/ special AIREP ACP 2.1.1 APS ACS ACP Decode information from 3 ALL MET meteorological data displays. 2.1.2 ACP Relay meteorological information. 3 ICAO Doc 4444, ALL MET Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 2.1.3 Optional content: flight information

centre, adjacent ATS unit

SUBJECT 4: NAVIGATION

TOPIC NAV 1 — MAPS AND AERONAUTICAL CHARTS Subtopic NAV 1.1 — Maps and charts

ACP Use relevant maps and charts. 3 ALL NAV 1.1.1 ACP Decode symbols and information 3 En-route and area charts ACP NAV displayed on aeronautical maps and Optional content: STAR charts ACS 1.1.2 charts.

TOPIC NAV 2 — INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION Subtopic NAV 2.1 — Navigational systems

ACP Manage traffic in case of change in the 4 Optional content: limitations, availability APP NAV operational status of navigational and status of ground-based and satellite- ACP 2.1.1 systems. based systems APS ACS ACP Appreciate the effect of a change in the 3 Optional content: precision, limitations, ALL NAV operational status of navigational status, degraded procedures 2.1.2 systems.

Subtopic NAV 2.2 — Navigational assistance

ACP Evaluate the necessary information to 5 Optional content: nearest most suitable APP NAV be provided to pilots in need of aerodrome, track, heading, distance, ACP 2.2.1 navigational assistance. aerodrome information, any other APS navigational assistance relevant at the ACS

time

Subtopic NAV 2.3 — PBN applications

ACP State the navigation applications used in 1 Terminal-RNAV-1 ACP NAV terminal and en-route environments. En-route-RNAV-5 ACS 2.3.1 Optional content: A-RNP, Commission

Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1048 (the PBN Regulation), ICAO Doc 9613

ACP Explain the principles and designation of 2 Performance, functionalities, sensors APP NAV navigation specifications in use. Optional content: aircrew and controller ACP 2.3.2 requirements, accuracy requirements, APS integrity and continuity ACS ACP Describe the differences in turn 2 Optional content: fly-by, fly-over, FRT, ACP NAV performance. ICAO Doc 4444 ACS 2.3.3 ACP State future PBN developments. 1 A-RNP, RNP (AR) DEP ALL NAV Optional content: RNP 3D, VNAV, 4D, TBO 2.3.4

SUBJECT 5: AIRCRAFT

TOPIC ACFT 1 — AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS Subtopic ACFT 1.1 — Aircraft instruments

ACP Integrate information from aircraft 4 ALL ACFT instruments provided by the pilot into 1.1.1 the provision of ATS. ACP Explain the operation of aircraft radio 2 Optional content: radios (number of), ALL ACFT equipment. emergency radios 1.1.2

TOPIC ACFT 2 — AIRCRAFT CATEGORIES Subtopic ACFT 2.1 — Wake turbulence

ACP Explain the wake turbulence effect and 2 ALL ACFT associated hazards to succeeding 2.1.1 aircraft. ACP Appreciate the techniques used to 3 ALL ACFT prevent hazards associated with wake 2.1.2 turbulence to succeeding aircraft.

TOPIC ACFT 3 — FACTORS AFFECTING AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE Subtopic ACFT 3.1 — Climb factors

ACP Integrate the influence of factors 4 Optional content: speed, mass, air density, APP ACFT affecting aircraft during climb. cabin pressurisation, wind and ACP 3.1.1 temperature APS ACS

Subtopic ACFT 3.2 — Cruise factors

ACP Integrate the influence of factors 4 Level, cruising speed, wind, mass, cabin ACP ACFT affecting aircraft during cruise. pressurisation ACS 3.2.1

Subtopic ACFT 3.3 — Descent factors

ACP Integrate the influence of factors 4 Optional content: wind, speed, rate of ACP ACFT affecting aircraft during descent. descent, cabin pressurisation ACS 3.3.1

Subtopic ACFT 3.4 — Economic factors

ACP Integrate consideration of economic 4 Optional content: routing, level, speed, ACP ACFT factors affecting aircraft. rate of climb and rate of descent, ACS 3.4.1 approach profile, top of descent ACP Use continuous climb techniques where 3 APP ACFT applicable. ACP 3.4.2 ACP Use direct routing where applicable. 3 APP ACFT ACP 3.4.3 APS ACS

Subtopic ACFT 3.5 — Environmental factors

TOPIC ACFT 3 — FACTORS AFFECTING AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE

ACP Appreciate the performance restrictions 3 Optional content: fuel-dumping, minimum ACP ACFT due to environmental considerations. flight levels, continuous descent ACS 3.5.1 operations

TOPIC ACFT 4 — AIRCRAFT DATA Subtopic ACFT 4.1 — Performance data

ACP Integrate the average performance data 4 Performance data under a representative APP ACFT of a representative sample of aircraft variety of circumstances ACP 4.1.1 which will be encountered in the APS operational/ working environment into ACS the provision of control service.

SUBJECT 6: HUMAN FACTORS

TOPIC HUM 1 — INFORMATION PROCESSING Subtopic HUM 1.1 — Cognition and factors influencing it

ACP Describe the human information- 2 Attention, perception, memory, ALL HUM processing model. situational awareness, decision-making, 1.1.1 response ACP Describe the factors which influence 2 Confidence, stress, learning, knowledge, ALL HUM human information-processing. experience, fatigue, alcohol/drugs, 1.1.2 distraction, interpersonal relations

Subtopic HUM 1.2 – Situational awareness

ACP Appreciate the effect of factors on 3 Optional content: workload, knowledge, ALL HUM human information-processing in interpersonal relations, distraction, 1.2.1 relation to situational awareness. confidence, experience, fatigue, stress

Subtopic HUM 1.3 – Decision making

ACP Appreciate the effect of factors on 3 Optional content: workload, stress, ALL HUM human information-processing in interpersonal relations, distraction, 1.3.1 relation to decision-making. confidence

TOPIC HUM 2 — FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Subtopic HUM 2.1 — Fatigue

ACP Describe the onset of fatigue. 2 Optional content: lack of concentration, ALL HUM listlessness, irritability, frustration, 2.1.1 Skybrary Human Behaviour:

EUROCONTROL Fatigue and sleep management

ACP Recognise the onset of fatigue in self 1 Optional content: Skybrary Human ALL HUM and in others. Behaviour: EUROCONTROL Fatigue and 2.1.2 sleep management ACP Describe the appropriate action when 2 Optional content: Skybrary Human ALL HUM recognising fatigue. Behaviour: EUROCONTROL Fatigue and 2.1.3 sleep management

Subtopic HUM 2.2 — Stress

TOPIC HUM 2 — FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

ACP Recognise the effects of stress on 1 Stress and its symptoms in self and in ALL HUM human performance. others 2.2.1 Optional content: Regulation (EU)

2017/373

ACP Describe the appropriate action when 2 ALL HUM recognising stress. 2.2.2 ACP Act to reduce stress. 3 ALL HUM 2.2.3 ACP Respond to a stressful situation by 3 ALL HUM offering, asking for or accepting 2.2.4 assistance. ACP Recognise the effect of stressful events. 1 Self and others, abnormal situations HUM 2.2.5

TOPIC HUM 3 — THREAT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT Subtopic HUM 3.1 — Threat and error management framework

ACP Explain the importance of threat and 2 Optional content: prevention of incidents, ALL HUM error management. safety improvement, revision of 3.1.1 procedures and/or working practices ACP Explain the threat and error 2 Threats, errors, undesired states, ALL HUM management framework. countermeasures 3.1.2 Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 —

AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ACP Differentiate between the different 2 Internal, external, airborne, ALL HUM types of threats in ATC. environmental 3.1.3 Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 —

AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ACP Differentiate between the different 2 Equipment, procedural, communication ALL HUM types of errors in ATC. Optional content: increase in traffic, 3.1.4 changes in procedures, complexities of

systems or traffic, weather, unusual occurrences

ACP Differentiate between the different 2 On the ground, airborne ALL HUM types of undesired states. Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.1.5 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ACP Analyse examples of threat and error 4 Case studies ALL HUM management in ATC. Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.1.6 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

Subtopic HUM 3.2 — Application of threat and error management

ACP Manage threats. 4 Detect and respond ALL HUM Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.2.1 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

TOPIC HUM 3 — THREAT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT

ACP Manage errors. 4 Detect and respond ALL HUM Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.2.2 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ACP Manage undesired states. 4 Detect and respond ALL HUM Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.2.3 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

TOPIC HUM 4 — TEAMWORK Subtopic HUM 4.1 — Benefits of teamwork

ACP State the benefits of teamwork. 1 Increased safety, efficiency and capacity ALL HUM 4.1.1 ACP List the controller’s human performance 1 Situational awareness, communication, ALL HUM elements affected by teamwork. decision-making, threat and error 4.1.2 management, workload management

Subtopic HUM 4.2 — Conflict management

ACP Identify the reasons for conflict. 3 ALL HUM 4.2.1 ACP Describe strategies to cope with human 2 Optional content: in your team, in the ALL HUM conflicts. simulator 4.2.2 ACP Describe actions to prevent human 2 ALL HUM conflicts. 4.2.3

TOPIC HUM 5 — SYSTEMS Subtopic HUM 5.1 — Concept of systems in ATM/ANS

ACP Explain the concept of systems. 2 People; procedures; equipment; ATM in ALL HUM system terms: simple, complicated, and 5.1.1 complex systems; system thinking ACP Describe how changes in one part of a 2 ALL HUM system may impact the other parts. 5.1.2 ACP Describe the role of the human in the 2 ALL HUM system. 5.1.3

TOPIC HUM 6 — COMMUNICATION Subtopic HUM 6.1 — Effective communication

ACP Explain effective communication in ATC 2 ICAO Doc 9868 ALL HUM operations. 6.1.1 ACP Explain key strategies used to enable 2 Optional content: active listening, active ALL HUM open communication. speaking, assertiveness, honesty, 6.1.2 relevance, facts, neutrality

TOPIC HUM 6 — COMMUNICATION

ACP Describe the parameters affecting the 2 Workload, mutual knowledge, controller ALL HUM controller’s competence to versus pilot mental picture, distractions, 6.1.3 communicate effectively. sounds, human conflicts

Optional content: communication between and within the team(s), in the

simulator, with the pilots, instructors,

coordination partners

Subtopic HUM 6.2 — Effective feedback

ACP Define feedback. 1 ALL HUM 6.2.1 ACP Explain the purpose of receiving and 2 ALL HUM giving feedback, and its effect on human 6.2.2 performance. ACP Consider the impact of communication 2 ALL HUM styles on feedback and conflict 6.2.3 resolution. ACP Integrate feedback into performance. 4 ALL HUM 6.2.4

SUBJECT 7: EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

TOPIC EQPS 1 — VOICE COMMUNICATIONS Subtopic EQPS 1.1 — Radio communications

ACP Operate two-way communication 3 Transmit/receive switches, procedures ALL EQPS equipment. Optional content: frequency selection, 1.1.1 standby equipment ACP Identify indications of operational status 3 Optional content: indicator lights, ALL EQPS of radio equipment. serviceability displays, selector/frequency 1.1.2 displays ACP Consider radio range. 2 Optional content: transfer to another APP EQPS frequency, apparent radio failure, failure ACP 1.1.3 to establish radio contact, frequency APS protection range ACS

Subtopic EQPS 1.2 — Other voice communications

ACP Operate landline communications. 3 Optional content: telephone, interphone ALL EQPS and intercom equipment 1.2.1

TOPIC EQPS 2 — AUTOMATION IN ATS Subtopic EQPS 2.1 — Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network (AFTN)

ACP Decode AFTN messages. 3 Optional content: movement and control ALL EQPS messages, NOTAMs, SNOWTAMs, 2.1.1 BIRDTAMs, etc.

Subtopic EQPS 2.2 — Automatic data interchange

TOPIC EQPS 2 — AUTOMATION IN ATS

ACP Use automatic data transfer equipment 3 Optional content: automated information APP EQPS where available. and coordination, OLDI ACP 2.2.1

TOPIC EQPS 3 — CONTROLLER WORKING POSITION Subtopic EQPS 3.1 — Operation and monitoring of equipment

ACP Monitor the technical integrity of the 3 Notification procedures, responsibilities ALL EQPS controller working position. 3.1.1 ACP Operate the equipment of the controller 3 Optional content: situation displays, flight ALL EQPS working position. progress board, flight data display, radio, 3.1.2 telephone, maps and charts, strip-printer,

clock, information systems, UDF/VDF

ACP Operate available equipment in 3 ALL EQPS abnormal and emergency situations. 3.1.3

Subtopic EQPS 3.2 — Situation displays and information systems

ACP Use situation displays. 3 ALL EQPS 3.2.1 ACP Check availability of information. 3 ALL EQPS 3.2.2 ACP Obtain information from equipment. 3 APP EQPS ACP 3.2.3 APS ACS

Subtopic EQPS 3.3 — Flight data systems

ACP Use the flight data information at the 3 ALL EQPS controller working position. 3.3.1

TOPIC EQPS 4 — FUTURE EQUIPMENT Subtopic EQPS 4.1 — New developments

ACP Recognise future developments. 1 New advanced systems ALL EQPS Optional content: European ATM Master 4.1.1 Plan, European Plan for Aviation Safety

TOPIC EQPS 5 — EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS’ LIMITATIONS AND DEGRADATION Subtopic EQPS 5.1 — Reaction to limitations

ACP Take account of the limitations of 2 ALL EQPS equipment and systems. 5.1.1 ACP Respond to technical deficiencies of the 3 Notification procedures, responsibilities ALL EQPS operational position. 5.1.2

Subtopic EQPS 5.2 — Communication equipment degradation

TOPIC EQPS 5 — EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS’ LIMITATIONS AND DEGRADATION

ACP Identify that communication equipment 3 Optional content: ground–air and landline APP EQPS has degraded. communications ACP 5.2.1 APS ACS ACP Apply contingency procedures in the 3 Optional content: procedures for total or ALL EQPS event of communication equipment partial degradation of ground–air and 5.2.2 degradation. landline communications, alternative

methods of transferring data

Subtopic EQPS 5.3 — Navigational equipment degradation

ACP Identify when a navigational equipment 3 Optional content: navigational aids, ALL EQPS failure will affect operational ability. ‘European GNSS Contingency/Reversion 5.3.1 Handbook for PBN Operations’ ACP Apply contingency procedures in the 3 Optional content: vertical separation, ALL EQPS event of a navigational equipment information to aircraft, navigational 5.3.2 degradation. assistance, seeking assistance from

adjacent units

SUBJECT 8: PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT

TOPIC PEN 1 — FAMILIARISATION

Subtopic PEN 1.1 — Study visit to an area control centre

ACP Appreciate the functions and provision 3 Study visit to an area control centre ACP PEN of operational area control service. ACS 1.1.1

TOPIC PEN 2 — AIRSPACE USERS Subtopic PEN 2.1 — Contributors to civil ATS operations

ACP Characterise civil ATS activities in an 2 Study visit to an area control centre ACP PEN area control centre. Optional content: familiarisation visits to ACS 2.1.1 TWR, APP, AIS, RCC ACP Characterise other parties interfacing 2 Optional content: familiarisation visits to ALL PEN with ATS operations. engineering services, firefighting and 2.1.2 emergency services, airline operations

offices

Subtopic PEN 2.2 — Contributors to military ATS operations

ACP Characterise military ATS activities. 2 Optional content: familiarisation visits to ALL PEN TWR, APP, ACC, AIS, RCC, air defence units 2.2.1

TOPIC PEN 3 — CUSTOMER RELATIONS Subtopic PEN 3.1 — Provision of services and user requirements

ACP Appreciate the role of an air navigation 3 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 ALL PEN service provider. 3.1.1 ACP Appreciate ATS users’ requirements. 3 ALL PEN

TOPIC PEN 3 — CUSTOMER RELATIONS

3.1.2

TOPIC PEN 4 — ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Subtopic PEN 4.1 — Environmental protection

ACP Appreciate the mitigation techniques 3 Optional content: free route airspace ACP PEN used en-route to minimise the aviation’s (FRA), night/weekend routes, ICAO Doc 4.1.1 impact on the environment. 10013 — Operational Opportunities to

reduce fuel burn and emissions

SUBJECT 9: ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

TOPIC ABES 1 — ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ABES) Subtopic ABES 1.1 — Overview of ABES

ACP List common abnormal and emergency 1 Optional content: EATM Guidelines for ALL ABES situations. Controller Training in the Handling of 1.1.1 Unusual/Emergency Situations,

ambulance flights, ground-based safety nets alerts, airframe failure, unreliable instruments, runway incursion, GNSS failure

ACP Identify potential or actual abnormal 3 ALL ABES and emergency situations. 1.1.2 ACP Take into account the procedures for 2 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 APP ABES given abnormal and emergency ACP 1.1.3 situations. APS ACS ACP Take into account that procedures do 2 Optional content: real-life examples ALL ABES not exist for all abnormal and 1.1.4 emergency situations. ACP Consider how the evolution of a 2 Optional content: separation, information, ALL ABES situation may have an impact on safety. coordination 1.1.5

TOPIC ABES 2 — SKILLS IMPROVEMENT Subtopic ABES 2.1 — Communication effectiveness

ACP Ensure effective communication in all 4 Phraseology, vocabulary, readback, radio ALL ABES circumstances including the case where silence instruction 2.1.1 standard phraseology is not applicable. ACP Apply change of radiotelephony call 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES sign. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 2.1.2

Subtopic ABES 2.2 — Avoidance of mental overload

TOPIC ABES 2 — SKILLS IMPROVEMENT

ACP Describe actions to keep the situation 2 Optional content: sector-splitting, holding, ALL ABES under control. flow management, task delegation 2.2.1 ACP Organise priority of actions. 4 ALL ABES 2.2.2 ACP Ensure the effective dissemination of 4 Optional content: between executive and ALL ABES information. planner/coordinator, with the supervisor, 2.2.3 between sectors, between ACC, APP and TWR, with ground staff, etc. ACP Consider asking for help. 2 ALL ABES 2.2.4

Subtopic ABES 2.3 — Air–ground cooperation

ACP Collect appropriate information relevant 3 ALL ABES to the situation. 2.3.1 ACP Assist the pilot. 3 Pilot workload ALL ABES Optional content: instructions, 2.3.2 information, support, human factors, etc.

TOPIC ABES 3 — PROCEDURES FOR ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ABES) Subtopic ABES 3.1 — Application of procedures for ABES

ACP Apply the procedures for given 3 Optional content: EATM Guidelines for ALL ABES abnormal and emergency situations. Controller Training in the Handling of 3.1.1 Unusual/Emergency Situations,

ambulance flights, ground-based safety nets alerts, airframe failure

Subtopic ABES 3.2 — Radio failure

ACP Describe the procedures to be followed 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES by a pilot when experiencing complete Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, military 3.2.1 or partial radio failure. procedures, simulator operation

procedures

ACP Apply the procedures to be followed 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES when a pilot experiences complete or Optional content: prolonged loss of 3.2.2 partial radio failure. communication

Subtopic ABES 3.3 — Unlawful interference and aircraft bomb threat

ACP Apply the ATC procedures associated 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES with unlawful interference and aircraft Optional content: simulator operation 3.3.1 bomb threat. procedures

Subtopic ABES 3.4 — Strayed or unidentified aircraft

ACP Apply the procedures for strayed 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES aircraft. Optional content: inside controlled 3.4.1 airspace, outside controlled airspace ACP Apply the procedures for unidentified 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES aircraft. 3.4.2

Subtopic ABES 3.5 — Diversion

TOPIC ABES 3 — PROCEDURES FOR ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ABES)

ACP Provide navigational assistance to 4 Track/heading, distance, other APP ABES aircraft diverting in emergency. navigational assistance ACP 3.5.1 Optional content: nearest most suitable APS aerodrome ACS

Subtopic ABES 3.6 — Interception of civil aircraft

ACP Explain the procedures in the event of 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES interception of civil aircraft. 3.6.1

AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iv) Composition of initial training

APPROACH CONTROL SURVEILLANCE (APS) RATING TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES

(a) The general principles that apply to this AMC are contained in AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a). (b) The ATCO rating training Approach Control Surveillance (APS) Rating should contain the following topics, subtopics and training objectives that are associated with the subjects contained in point ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iv) Approach Control Surveillance (APS) Rating. (c) Subjects from point ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(iv) are repeated in this AMC for the convenience of the reader and do not form part of it. INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE

TOPIC INTR 1 — COURSE MANAGEMENT Subtopic INTR 1.1 — Course introduction

APS Explain the aims and main objectives of 2 ALL INTR the course. 1.1.1

Subtopic INTR 1.2 — Course administration

APS State how the course is administered. 1 ALL INTR 1.2.1

Subtopic INTR 1.3 — Study material and training documentation

APS Use appropriate documents and their 3 Optional content: training documentation, ALL INTR sources for course studies. library, CBT library, web, learning 1.3.1 management server APS Integrate appropriate information into 4 Training documentation ALL INTR course studies. Optional content: supplementary 1.3.2 information, library

TOPIC INTR 2 — INTRODUCTION TO THE ATC TRAINING COURSE Subtopic INTR 2.1 — Course content and organisation

APS State the different training methods 1 Theoretical training, practical training, ALL INTR used during the course. self-study, types of training events 2.1.1 APS State the subjects covered by the course 1 ALL INTR and their purpose. 2.1.2 APS Describe the organisation of theoretical 2 Optional content: course programme ALL INTR training. 2.1.3 APS Describe the organisation of practical 2 Optional content: PTP, simulation, ALL INTR training. briefing, debriefing, course programme 2.1.4

Subtopic INTR 2.2 — Training ethos

APS Recognise the feedback mechanisms 1 Training progress, assessment, briefing, ALL INTR available. debriefing, learner–instructor feedback, 2.2.1 instructor–instructor feedback

Subtopic INTR 2.3 — Assessment process

APS Describe the assessment process. 2 ALL INTR 2.3.1

SUBJECT 1: AVIATION LAW

TOPIC LAW 1 — ATCO LICENSING/CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENCE Subtopic LAW 1.1 — Privileges and conditions

APS Appreciate the conditions which shall be 3 Regulation (EU) 2015/340 APS LAW met to issue an Approach Control Optional content: national documents 1.1.1 Surveillance rating. APS Explain how to maintain and update 2 ALL LAW professional knowledge and skills to 1.1.2 retain competence in the operational environment. APS Explain the conditions for the 2 Regulation (EU) 2015/340 ALL LAW suspension/ revocation of an ATCO 1.1.3 licence.

TOPIC LAW 2 — RULES AND REGULATIONS Subtopic LAW 2.1 — Reports

APS Describe the functions of, and processes 2 Reporting culture, forms for mandatory ALL LAW for, reporting. and voluntary occurrence reporting, 2.1.1

TOPIC LAW 2 — RULES AND REGULATIONS

Regulation (EU) No 376/2014 , Regulation (EU) 2015/1018 Optional content: breach of regulations,

watchbook/logbook, records, voluntary reporting

APS Use forms for reporting. 3 Regulation (EU) No 376/2014, forms for ALL LAW mandatory and voluntary occurrence 2.1.2 reporting Optional content: routine air-reports, breach of regulations,

watchbook/logbook, records

Subtopic LAW 2.2 — Airspace

APS Appreciate airspace classes and 3 APS LAW structure and their relevance to 2.2.1 operations using the Approach Control Surveillance rating. APS Provide planning, coordination and 4 Optional content: Regulation (EU) ALL LAW control actions appropriate to the No 923/2012 , international requirements, 2.2.2 classification and structure of given civil requirements, military requirements, airspace. areas of responsibility, sectorisation,

national requirements

APS Appreciate responsibility for terrain 3 ALL LAW clearance. 2.2.3

TOPIC LAW 3 — ATS SAFETY MANAGEMENT Subtopic LAW 3.1 — Feedback process

APS State the importance of controller 1 Optional content: voluntary reporting ALL LAW contribution to the feedback process. 3.1.1 APS Describe how reported occurrences are 2 Optional content: Regulation (EU) ALL LAW analysed. No 376/2014, local procedures 3.1.2 APS Name the means used to disseminate 1 Optional content: safety letters, safety ALL LAW recommendations. boards web pages 3.1.3 APS Appreciate the just culture concept. 3 Benefits, prerequisites, constraints ALL LAW Optional content: Skybrary 3.1.4

Subtopic LAW 3.2 — Safety Investigation

TOPIC LAW 3 — ATS SAFETY MANAGEMENT

APS Describe the role and objectives of 2 ALL LAW safety investigation in the improvement 3.2.1 of safety.

SUBJECT 2: AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

TOPIC ATM 1 — PROVISION OF SERVICES Subtopic ATM 1.1 — Air traffic control (ATC) service

APS Appreciate own area of responsibility. 3 APP ATM ACP 1.1.1 APS ACS APS Provide approach control service. 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation APP ATM (EU) 2017/373, operating procedures for APS 1.1.2 the simulated/training environment

Subtopic ATM 1.2 — Flight information service (FIS)

APS Provide FIS. 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation ALL ATM (EU) 2017/373 1.2.1 Optional content: national documents APS Use an ATS surveillance system in the 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation APS ATM provision of FIS. (EU) 2017/373, information to identified ACS 1.2.2 aircraft concerning: traffic, navigation

Optional content: weather

APS Issue appropriate information 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation APS ATM concerning the position of conflicting (EU) 2017/373, traffic information, ACS 1.2.3 traffic. essential traffic information APP

ACP

APS Appreciate the use of ATIS in the 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM provision of FIS. 1.2.4

Subtopic ATM 1.3 — Alerting service (ALRS)

APS Provide ALRS. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, Regulation (EU) ALL ATM No 923/2012 1.3.1 Optional content: national documents APS Respond to distress and urgency 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ALL ATM messages and signals. ICAO Annex 10, 1.3.2 Optional content: EUROCONTROL

Guidelines for Controller Training in the Handling of Unusual/Emergency Situations, ICAO Doc 4444, national documents

APS Use an ATS surveillance system in the 3 APS ATM provision of ALRS. ACS 1.3.3

TOPIC ATM 1 — PROVISION OF SERVICES Subtopic ATM 1.4 — ATS system capacity and air traffic flow management (ATFM)

APS Appreciate the impact of the ATS system 3 Optional content: EUROCONTROL ATFCM APP ATM capacity and air traffic flow Users Manual, FABs, FUA, free route ACP 1.4.1 management on the controller. airspace, local implementation of ATFCM APS principles, etc. ACS APS Take account of flow management 2 Optional content: EUROCONTROL ATFCM APP ATM procedures in the provision of ATC. Users Manual APS 1.4.2 APS Organise traffic flows and patterns to 4 Optional content: civil and military, APP ATM take account of airspace boundaries. controlled, uncontrolled, advisory, ACP 1.4.3 restricted, danger, prohibited, special APS rules, sector boundaries, national ACS

boundaries, FIR boundaries, delegated airspace, transfer of control, transfer of communications, en-route, off-route

APS Organise traffic flows and patterns to 4 Optional content: EUROCONTROL ATFCM APP ATM take account of areas of responsibility. Users Manual ACP 1.4.4 APS ACS APS Inform the supervisor of local factors 3 Optional content: abnormal situations, APP ATM affecting the ATS system capacity and air decrease in sector capacity, limitations on ACP 1.4.5 traffic flow management. systems and equipment, changes in APS workload/capacity, unusual ACS

meteorological conditions, relevant information like: reported ground-based incidents, forest fire, smoke, oil pollution

APS Organise traffic flows and patterns to 4 APS ATM take account of the ATS surveillance ACS 1.4.6 system capability.

Subtopic ATM 1.5 — Airspace management (ASM)

APS Appreciate the impact of ASM on the 3 Optional content: FABs, EUROCONTROL APP ATM controller. Specification for the application of FUA, ACP 1.5.1 TSAs, CDRs, CBAs, free route airspace APS ACS APS Organise traffic to take account of ASM. 4 Real-time activation, deactivation or APS ATM reallocation of airspace ACS 1.5.2 Optional content: CDR, TSA, TRA, CBA

TOPIC ATM 2 — COMMUNICATION Subtopic ATM 2.1 — Effective communication

APS List the means of communication 1 Optional content: electronic, written, ALL ATM between controllers. verbal and non-verbal communication 2.1.1 APS Select the most suitable means of 5 ALL ATM communication given the situation. 2.1.2 APS Use approved phraseology. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM Optional content: published national/local 2.1.3 language phraseology

TOPIC ATM 2 — COMMUNICATION

APS Ensure effective communication. 4 Use of plain language when required, ALL ATM communication within the sector/working 2.1.4 position, between the sectors/WPs/ATC units, readback/verification of readback APS Analyse examples of pilot–controller 4 Optional content: real-life recordings, ALL ATM communication for effectiveness. situation in the simulator 2.1.5

TOPIC ATM 3 — ATC CLEARANCES AND ATC INSTRUCTIONS Subtopic ATM 3.1 — ATC clearances

APS Issue appropriate ATC clearances. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation ALL ATM (EU) 2017/373 3.1.1 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, national

documents

APS Integrate appropriate ATC clearances 4 ALL ATM into the control service. 3.1.2 APS Ensure that the agreed course of action 4 ALL ATM is carried out. 3.1.3

Subtopic ATM 3.2 — ATC instructions

APS Issue appropriate ATC instructions. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ALL ATM Regulation (EU) 2017/373 3.2.1 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 national

documents

APS Integrate appropriate ATC instructions 4 ALL ATM into the control service. 3.2.2 APS Ensure that the agreed course of action 4 ALL ATM is carried out. 3.2.3

TOPIC ATM 4 — COORDINATION Subtopic ATM 4.1 — Necessity for coordination

APS Identify the need for coordination. 3 ALL ATM 4.1.1

Subtopic ATM 4.2 — Tools and methods for coordination

APS Use the available tools for coordination. 3 Optional content: electronic transfer of ALL ATM flight data, telephone, interphone, 4.2.1 intercom, direct speech, radiotelephone

(RTF), local agreements, automated system coordination

Subtopic ATM 4.3 — Coordination procedures

APS Initiate appropriate coordination. 3 Delegation/transfer of responsibility for ALL ATM air–ground communications and 4.3.1 separation, transfer of control, etc., Regulation (EU) 2017/373

Optional content: release point

TOPIC ATM 4 — COORDINATION

APS Analyse the effect of coordination 4 Optional content: delegation/transfer of ALL ATM requested by an adjacent position/unit. responsibility for air–ground 4.3.2 communications and separation, release point, transfer of control, etc. APS Select, after negotiation, an appropriate 5 ALL ATM course of action. 4.3.3 APS Ensure the agreed course of action is 4 ALL ATM carried out. 4.3.4 APS Coordinate when providing FIS. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL ATM Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 4.3.5 APS Coordinate when providing ALRS. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL ATM Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 4.3.6

TOPIC ATM 5 — ALTIMETRY AND LEVEL ALLOCATION Subtopic ATM 5.1 — Altimetry

APS Allocate levels according to altimetry 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM data. 5.1.1 APS Ensure separation according to altimetry 4 Optional content: transition level, ALL ATM data. transition altitude, transition layer, height, 5.1.2 flight level, altitude, vertical distance to

airspace boundaries

Subtopic ATM 5.2 — Terrain clearance

APS Provide planning, coordination and 4 Optional content: minimum vectoring APS ATM control actions appropriate to the rules altitude, terrain clearance dimensions, ACS 5.2.1 for minimum usable levels and terrain minimum safe altitudes, transition level, clearance. minimum flight level, minimum sector

altitude

TOPIC ATM 6 — SEPARATION Subtopic ATM 6.1 — Vertical separation

APS Provide standard vertical separation. 4 ICAO Doc 4444, Regulation (EU) APP ATM No 923/2012, level allocation, during APS 6.1.1 climb/descent, rate of climb/descent, holding pattern APS Provide increased vertical separation. 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, APP ATM ICAO Doc 4444 ACP 6.1.2 Optional content: level allocation, during APS climb/descent, rate of climb/descent, ACS

degraded aircraft performance, non-RVSM aircraft, reported severe turbulence

APS Appreciate the application of emergency 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, APP ATM vertical separation. ICAO Doc 4444, ICAO Doc 7030 ACP 6.1.3 APS ACS

TOPIC ATM 6 — SEPARATION

APS Provide vertical separation in a 4 Pressure altitude-derived information, APS ATM surveillance environment. pilot-level reports ACS 6.1.4 Optional content: into/out of ATS

surveillance system coverage

Subtopic ATM 6.2 — Longitudinal separation in a surveillance environment

APS Provide longitudinal separation in a 4 Successive departures, successive arrivals, APS ATM surveillance environment. overflights, speed control, silent transfer, 6.2.1 ICAO Doc 4444

Subtopic ATM 6.3 — Delegation of separation

APS Delegate separation to pilots in the case 4 APP ATM of aircraft executing successive visual APS 6.3.1 approaches. APS Appreciate the conditions which must 3 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APP ATM be met when delegating separation to APS 6.3.2 pilots to fly maintaining own separation while in VMC.

Subtopic ATM 6.4 — Wake turbulence distance-based separation

APS Provide distance-based wake turbulence 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM separation. Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ACS 6.4.1 Optional content: EASA SIB 2017-10 ‘Enroute Wake Turbulence Encounters’,

national documents

Subtopic ATM 6.5 — Separation based on ATS surveillance systems

APS Describe how separation based on ATS 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM surveillance systems is applied. ACS 6.5.1 APS Provide horizontal separation. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM Optional content: local/simulator ACS 6.5.2 operation manuals, holding APS Provide horizontal separation by 4 Optional content: transit, meteorological APS ATM vectoring in a variety of situations. phenomena, vectoring for approach, ACS 6.5.3 departure versus transit versus arrival APS Ensure horizontal or vertical separation 4 Adjacent sectors, restricted, prohibited APS ATM from airspace boundaries. and danger areas, TSAs ACS 6.5.4

TOPIC ATM 7 — AIRBORNE AND GROUND-BASED SAFETY NETS Subtopic ATM 7.1 — Airborne safety nets

APS Recognise the independence of ACAS 1 ICAO Doc 9863 ALL ATM thresholds from ATC separation Optional content: Skybrary Safety Nets 7.1.1 standards. APS Describe the controller responsibility 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM during and following an ACAS RA Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, 7.1.2 reported by a pilot. ICAO Doc 9863, Skybrary Safety Nets APS Respond to pilot notification of actions 3 ACAS APP ATM based on airborne systems warnings. Optional content: TAWS, Skybrary Safety APS 7.1.3 Nets ACP ACS

Subtopic ATM 7.2 — Ground-based safety nets

TOPIC ATM 7 — AIRBORNE AND GROUND-BASED SAFETY NETS

APS Describe the controller responsibility 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM during and following safety net Optional content: ACAO Doc 4444, STCA, ACS 7.2.1 warnings. MSAW, APW, APM APS Respond to ground-based safety net 3 Optional content: STCA, MSAW, APW, APS ATM warnings. APM ACS 7.2.2

TOPIC ATM 8 — DATA DISPLAY Subtopic ATM 8.1 — Data management

APS Update the data display to accurately 3 Optional content: information displayed, ALL ATM reflect the traffic situation. strip-marking procedures, electronic 8.1.1 information data displays, actions based

on traffic display information, calculation of EETs

APS Analyse pertinent data on data displays. 4 ALL ATM 8.1.2 APS Organise pertinent data on data 4 ALL ATM displays. 8.1.3 APS Obtain flight plan information. 3 CPL, supplementary information ALL ATM Optional content: FPL, AFIL, etc. 8.1.4 APS Use flight plan information. 3 ALL ATM 8.1.5

TOPIC ATM 9 — OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (SIMULATED) Subtopic ATM 9.1 — Integrity of the operational environment

APS Obtain information concerning the 3 Optional content: local/simulator ALL ATM operational environment. operation manuals, briefing, notices, 9.1.1 current flight plan data/information displays, pilot reports, coordination,

verification of information

APS Ensure the integrity of the operational 4 Optional content: integrity of displays, APP ATM environment. verification of the information provided by ACP 9.1.2 displays, etc. APS ACS

Subtopic ATM 9.2 — Verification of the currency of operational procedures

APS Check all relevant documentation before 3 Optional content: briefing, letters of ALL ATM managing traffic. agreement (LoAs), NOTAMs, AICs 9.2.1 APS Manage traffic in accordance with a 4 APP ATM change to operational procedures. ACP 9.2.2 APS ACS

Subtopic ATM 9.3 — Handover–takeover

TOPIC ATM 9 — OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (SIMULATED)

APS Transfer information to the relieving 3 ALL ATM controller. 9.3.1 APS Obtain information from the controller 3 ALL ATM handing over. 9.3.2 APS List possible actions to provide a safe 1 Optional content: rigour, preparation, ALL ATM position handover–takeover. overlap time 9.3.3 APS Explain the consequences of a missed 2 ALL ATM position handover–takeover process. 9.3.4

TOPIC ATM 10 — PROVISION OF CONTROL SERVICE Subtopic ATM 10.1 — Responsibility for the provision of control service and the processing of information

APS Describe the division of responsibility 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL ATM among air traffic control units. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 10.1.1 APS Describe the responsibility in regard to 2 ICAO Doc 4444 ALL ATM military traffic. Optional content: ICAO Doc 9554 10.1.2 APS Describe the responsibility in regard to 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM unmanned free balloons. 10.1.3 APS Interpret operational information. 5 APP ATM ACP 10.1.4 APS ACS APS Organise forwarding of operational 4 Optional content: including the use of APP ATM information. backup procedures ACP 10.1.5 APS ACS APS Integrate operational information into 4 APP ATM control decisions. ACP 10.1.6 APS ACS APS Appreciate the influence of operational 3 Optional content: military flying, ALL ATM requirements. calibration flights, aerial photography 10.1.7

Subtopic ATM 10.2 — ATS surveillance service

APS Explain the responsibility for the 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, APS ATM provision of ATS surveillance service Regulation (EU) 2017/373 10.2.1 appropriate to APS rating. Optional content: local/simulator

operation manuals

APS Explain the functions that may be 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM performed with the use of ATS ACS 10.2.2 surveillance system derived information presented on a situation display.

TOPIC ATM 10 — PROVISION OF CONTROL SERVICE

APS Provide planning, coordination and 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, APS ATM control actions appropriate to VFR, SVFR Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ICAO Doc 4444 APP 10.2.3 and IFR traffic in VMC and IMC. APS Apply the procedures for termination of 3 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM ATS surveillance service. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, transfer ACS 10.2.4 of control, termination or interruption of

ATS surveillance service

Subtopic ATM 10.3 — Traffic management process

APS Ensure that situational awareness is 4 Information gathering, scanning, traffic APS ATM maintained. projection ACS 10.3.1 APS Detect conflicts in time for appropriate 4 ALL ATM resolution. 10.3.2 APS Identify potential solutions to achieve a 3 APP ATM safe and effective traffic flow. ACP 10.3.3 APS ACS APS Evaluate possible outcomes of different 5 ALL ATM planning and control actions. 10.3.4 APS Select an appropriate plan in time to 5 APP ATM achieve safe and effective traffic flow. ACP 10.3.5 APS ACS APS Ensure the adequate prioritisation of 4 ALL ATM actions. 10.3.6 APS Execute the selected plan in a timely 3 ALL ATM manner. 10.3.7 APS Ensure that a safe and efficient outcome 4 Traffic monitoring, adaptability and ALL ATM is achieved. follow-up 10.3.8

Subtopic ATM 10.4 — Handling traffic

APS Manage arrivals, departures and 4 Optional content: simulator operation APP ATM overflights. procedures ACP 10.4.1 APS ACS APS Balance the workload against personal 5 Optional content: rerouting, replanning, APP ATM capacity. prioritising solutions, denying requests, ACP 10.4.2 delegating responsibility for separation APS ACS APS Define flight path monitoring and 1 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM vectoring. ACS 10.4.3 APS Explain the requirements for vectoring 2 ICAO Doc 4444, Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM and termination of vectoring. ACS 10.4.4

TOPIC ATM 10 — PROVISION OF CONTROL SERVICE

APS Provide vectoring. 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation APS ATM (EU) 2017/373 ACS 10.4.5 Optional content: separation, expediting

arrivals, departures and/or climb to

cruising levels, aircraft leaving the hold,

navigation assistance, uncontrolled

airspace, etc. APS Apply the procedures for termination of 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation APS ATM vectoring. (EU) 2017/373 ACS 10.4.6 APS Manage traffic on different types of 4 Precision, non-precision, visual APP ATM approaches. APS 10.4.7 APS Initiate missed approach. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation APP ATM (EU) 2017/373 APS 10.4.8 Optional content: Skybrary APS Integrate aircraft on missed approach 4 APP ATM into the traffic situation. APS 10.4.9

Subtopic ATM 10.5 — Control service with advanced system support

APS Appreciate the impact of advanced 3 Optional content: sequencing systems, APS ATM systems on the provision of approach arrival management, departure 10.5.1 control service. management, automated holding lists,

vertical traffic displays, conflict detection and decision-making tools, automated information and coordination tools

TOPIC ATM 11 — HOLDING Subtopic ATM 11.1 — Holding procedures

APS Apply holding procedures. 3 ICAO Doc 4444, APP ATM Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation ACP 11.1.1 (EU) 2017/373, holding instructions, APS allocation of holding levels, onward ACS clearance times APS Appreciate the factors affecting holding 3 Effect of speed, effect of level used, effect APP ATM patterns. of navigation aid in use, turbulence, ACP 11.1.2 aircraft type APS ACS

Subtopic ATM 11.2 — Approaching aircraft

APS Issue Expected Approach Times (EATs). 3 APP ATM APS 11.2.1 APS Organise the traffic landing sequence in 4 Optional content: company preference, APP ATM a holding pattern. aircraft performance, aircraft approach APS 11.2.2 capability, ILS categories, flow control

management

Subtopic ATM 11.3 — Holding in a surveillance environment

APS Organise traffic to separate other 4 APS ATM aircraft from holding aircraft. ACS 11.3.1

TOPIC ATM 11 — HOLDING

APS Integrate system support, when 4 Optional content: arrival management APS ATM available. system, automated holding lists, vertical ACS 11.3.2 traffic displays

TOPIC ATM 12 — IDENTIFICATION Subtopic ATM 12.1 — Establishment of identification

APS Appreciate the precautions when 3 APS ATM establishing identification. ACS 12.1.1 APS Identify aircraft. 3 Optional content: PSR, SSR or ADS APS ATM identification method ACS 12.1.2 APS Apply the procedures for 3 ICAO Doc 4444, Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM misidentification. Optional content: local/simulator ACS 12.1.3 operation manuals

Subtopic ATM 12.2 — Maintenance of identification

APS Appreciate the necessity to maintain 3 APS ATM identification. ACS 12.2.1

Subtopic ATM 12.3 — Loss of identity

APS Appreciate when an aircraft 3 Optional content: out of ATS surveillance APS ATM identification is lost or in doubt. system coverage, failure of ATS ACS 12.3.1 surveillance system, weather clutter, other clutter, garbling, holding, etc. APS Apply methods to re-establish 3 APS ATM identification. ACS 12.3.2 APS Respond to loss/doubt concerning 3 Optional content: procedural separation APS ATM identification. ACS 12.3.3

Subtopic ATM 12.4 — Position information

APS Appreciate the circumstances when 3 APS ATM position information should be passed ACS 12.4.1 on to aircraft. APS State the format in which position 1 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM information can be passed on to aircraft. ACS 12.4.2

Subtopic ATM 12.5 — Transfer of identity

APS Apply methods of transfer of 3 APS ATM identification. ACS 12.5.1 APS Appreciate the precautions when 3 APS ATM transferring identification. ACS 12.5.2

SUBJECT 3: METEOROLOGY

TOPIC MET 1 — METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA Subtopic MET 1.1 — Meteorological phenomena

APS Appreciate the impact of adverse 3 Thunderstorms, icing, clear-air turbulence APP MET weather on aircraft. (CAT), turbulence, microburst, wind shear, APS 1.1.1 severe mountain waves, squall lines, volcanic ash APS Integrate data about meteorological 4 Clearances, instructions and transmitted ALL MET phenomena into the provision of ATS. information 1.1.2 Optional content: relevant meteorological

phenomena

APS Use techniques to avoid adverse 3 Rerouting, level change, etc. APP MET weather when necessary/possible. ACP 1.1.3 APS ACS

TOPIC MET 2 — SOURCES OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA Subtopic MET 2.1 — Sources of meteorological information

APS Obtain meteorological information. 3 METAR, TAF, SIGMET, AIRMET APP MET Optional content: AIREP/special AIREP ACP 2.1.1 APS ACS APS Decode information from 3 ALL MET meteorological data displays. 2.1.2 APS Relay meteorological information. 3 ICAO Doc 4444, ALL MET Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 2.1.2 Optional content: flight information

centre, adjacent ATS unit

SUBJECT 4: NAVIGATION

TOPIC NAV 1 — MAPS AND AERONAUTICAL CHARTS Subtopic NAV 1.1 — Maps and charts

APS Decode symbols and information 3 Instrument approach charts, SID & STAR ADC NAV displayed on aeronautical maps and charts, aerodrome charts APP 1.1.1 charts. Optional content: visual approach charts, APS

military maps and charts

APS Use relevant maps and charts. 3 ALL NAV 1.1.2

TOPIC NAV 2 — INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION Subtopic NAV 2.1 — Navigational systems

TOPIC NAV 2 — INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION

APS Manage traffic in case of change in the 4 Optional content: limitations, availability APP NAV operational status of navigational and status of ground-based and satellite- ACP 2.1.1 systems. based systems APS ACS APS Appreciate the effect of a change in the 3 Optional content: precision, limitations, ALL NAV operational status of navigational status, degraded procedures 2.1.2 systems.

Subtopic NAV 2.2 — Stabilised approach

APS Describe the concept of stabilised 2 Optional content: Skybrary ADC NAV approach. APP 2.2.1 APS APS Appreciate the effect of late change of 3 Cockpit workload APP NAV runway-in-use or type of approach for Optional content: impact on vertical APS 2.2.2 landing aircraft. profile (CDO), FMS management, crew

procedure briefing, missed approach, loss

of situational awareness, etc. APS Appreciate controller actions that may 3 Inappropriate speed control, vectoring for APS NAV contribute to an unstabilised approach. short final, vectoring for approach with 2.2.3 significant tailwind, glide path interception from above, lack of or incorrect distance to touchdown information, delayed descent, incorrect use of ‘DIRECT TO’

Subtopic NAV 2.3 — Instrument departures and arrivals

APS Describe relevant SIDs and STARs. 2 APP NAV APS 2.3.1 APS Describe the types and phases of 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ICAO Annex 6 ADC NAV instrument approach procedures. APP 2.3.2 APS APS Describe the relevant minima applicable 2 Optional content: Type A/B operations, ADC NAV for a precision/non-precision and visual CAT I/II/III criteria, LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, APP 2.3.3 approach. LPV, RNP AR APCH minima APS

Subtopic NAV 2.4 — Navigational assistance

APS Evaluate the necessary information to 5 Optional content: nearest most suitable APP NAV be provided to pilots in need of aerodrome, track, heading, distance, ACP 2.4.1 navigational assistance. aerodrome information, any other APS

navigational assistance relevant at the ACS time

APS Assist pilots with navigation when 3 Aircraft observed to be deviating from APS NAV required. their known intended route, on pilots’ ACS 2.4.2 request

Subtopic NAV 2.5 — Satellite-based systems

APS State the different applications of 1 RNP APCH, RNP AR APCH, SBAS, GBAS APP NAV satellite-based systems relevant for Optional content: LNAV, LNAV/VNAV LPV, APS 2.5.1 approach operations. RNP minima, precision approach

Subtopic NAV 2.6 — PBN applications

APS State the navigation applications used in 1 Approach-RNP APCH/ RNP AR APCH, APP NAV approach and terminal environments. Terminal-RNAV-1 RNP 1 with RF, APS 2.6.1 rotorcraft option RNP 0.3

TOPIC NAV 2 — INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION

Optional content: ICAO Doc 9613, Regulation (EU) No 716/2014 ,

Regulation (EU) 2018/1048

APS Explain the principles and designation of 2 Performance, functionalities, sensors APP NAV navigation specifications in use. Optional content: aircrew and controller ACP 2.6.2 requirements, accuracy requirements, APS

integrity and continuity ACS

APS Describe the differences in turn 2 Optional content: fly-by, fly-over, RF, APP NAV performance. ICAO Doc 4444 APS 2.6.3 APS State future PBN developments. 1 A-RNP, RNP (AR) DEP ALL NAV Optional content: RNP 3D, VNAV, RNP 4D, 2.6.4 TBO

SUBJECT 5: AIRCRAFT

TOPIC ACFT 1 — AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS Subtopic ACFT 1.1 — Aircraft instruments

APS Integrate information from aircraft 4 ALL ACFT instruments provided by the pilot into 1.1.1 the provision of ATS. APS Explain the operation of aircraft radio 2 Optional content: radios (number of), ALL ACFT equipment. emergency radios 1.1.2 APS Explain the operation of on-board 2 Transponders: equipment Mode A, ADC ACFT surveillance equipment. Mode C, Mode S, ADS capability APS 1.1.3 ACS

TOPIC ACFT 2 — AIRCRAFT CATEGORIES Subtopic ACFT 2.1 — Wake turbulence

APS Explain the wake turbulence effect and 2 ALL ACFT associated hazards to succeeding 2.1.1 aircraft. APS Appreciate the techniques used to 3 ALL ACFT prevent hazards associated with wake 2.1.2 turbulence to succeeding aircraft.

Subtopic ACFT 2.2 — Application of the ICAO approach categories

APS Describe the use of the ICAO approach 2 ICAO Doc 8168 ADC ACFT categories. APP 2.2.1 APS

TOPIC ACFT 2 — AIRCRAFT CATEGORIES

APS Appreciate the effect of the ICAO 3 ADC ACFT approach categories on the traffic APP 2.2.2 organisation. APS

TOPIC ACFT 3 — FACTORS AFFECTING AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE Subtopic ACFT 3.1 — Climb factors

APS Integrate the influence of factors 4 Optional content: speed, mass, air density, APP ACFT affecting aircraft during climb. cabin pressurisation, wind and ACP 3.1.1 temperature APS ACS APS Describe the influence of factors 3 Optional content: runway conditions, APP ACFT affecting departing aircraft. runway slope, aerodrome elevation, wind, APS 3.1.2 temperature, aircraft configuration,

airframe contamination and aircraft mass

Subtopic ACFT 3.2 — Cruise factors

APS Integrate the influence of factors 4 Optional content: level, cruising speed, APP ACFT affecting aircraft during cruise. wind, mass, cabin pressurisation APS 3.2.1

Subtopic ACFT 3.3 — Descent and initial approach factors

APS Integrate the influence of factors 4 Optional content: wind, speed, rate of APP ACFT affecting aircraft during descent. descent, aircraft configuration, cabin APS 3.3.1 pressurisation

Subtopic ACFT 3.4 — Final approach and landing factors

APS Integrate the influence of factors 4 Optional content: wind, aircraft APP ACFT affecting aircraft during final approach configuration, mass, meteorological APS 3.4.1 and landing. conditions, runway conditions, runway

slope, aerodrome elevation

Subtopic ACFT 3.5 — Economic factors

APS Integrate consideration of economic 4 Optional content: routing, level, speed, APP ACFT factors affecting aircraft. rate of climb and rate of descent, APS 3.5.1 approach profile APS Provide continuous climb/descent 4 APS ACFT whenever possible. ACS 3.5.2 APS Use direct routing where applicable. 3 APP ACFT ACP 3.5.3 APS

ACS

APS Appreciate controller’s actions that may 3 Optional content: level instructions, speed APS ACFT contribute to pilot’s ability to fly an control, vertical speed control, vectoring, ACS 3.5.4 optimum continuous descent. distance-to-touchdown information

Subtopic ACFT 3.6 — Environmental factors

APS Appreciate the performance restrictions 3 Optional content: fuel-dumping, noise- APP ACFT due to environmental considerations. abatement procedures, minimum flight APS 3.6.1 levels, bird strike hazard, continuous

descent operations

TOPIC ACFT 4 — AIRCRAFT DATA Subtopic ACFT 4.1 — Performance data

APS Integrate the average performance data 4 Performance data under a representative ALL ACFT of a representative sample of aircraft variety of circumstances 4.1.1 which will be encountered in the operational/ working environment into the provision of control service.

SUBJECT 6: HUMAN FACTORS

TOPIC HUM 1 — INFORMATION PROCESSING Subtopic HUM 1.1 — Cognition and factors influencing it

APS Describe the human information- 2 Attention, perception, memory, ALL HUM processing model. situational awareness, decision-making, 1.1.1 response APS Describe the factors which influence 2 Confidence, stress, learning, knowledge, ALL HUM human information-processing. experience, fatigue, alcohol/drugs, 1.1.2 distraction, interpersonal relations

Subtopic HUM 1.2 — Situational awareness

APS Appreciate the effect of human 3 Optional content: workload, knowledge, ALL HUM information-processing factors on interpersonal relations, distraction, 1.2.1 situational awareness. confidence, experience, fatigue, stress

Subtopic HUM 1.3 — Decision-making

APS Appreciate the effect of human 3 Optional content: workload, stress, ALL HUM information-processing factors on interpersonal relations, distraction, 1.3.1 decision-making. confidence

TOPIC HUM 2 — FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Subtopic HUM 2.1 — Fatigue

APS Describe the onset of fatigue. 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL HUM Optional content: lack of concentration, 2.1.1 listlessness, irritability, frustration, Skybrary Human Behaviour:

EUROCONTROL Fatigue and sleep management

APS Recognise the onset of fatigue in self 1 Optional content: Skybrary Human ALL HUM and in others. Behaviour: EUROCONTROL Fatigue and 2.1.2 sleep management APS Describe the appropriate action when 2 Optional content: Skybrary Human ALL HUM recognising fatigue. Behaviour: EUROCONTROL Fatigue and 2.1.3 sleep management

Subtopic HUM 2.2 — Stress

APS Recognise the effects of stress on 1 Stress and its symptoms in self and in ALL HUM human performance. others 2.2.1 Optional content: Regulation (EU)

2017/373

TOPIC HUM 2 — FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

APS Describe the appropriate action when 2 ALL HUM recognising stress. 2.2.2 APS Act to reduce stress. 3 ALL HUM 2.2.3 APS Respond to a stressful situation by 3 ALL HUM offering, asking for or accepting 2.2.4 assistance. APS Recognise the effect of stressful events. 1 Self and others, abnormal situations ALL HUM 2.2.5

TOPIC HUM 3 — THREAT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT Subtopic HUM 3.1 — Threat and error management framework

APS Explain the importance of threat and 2 Optional content: prevention of incidents, ALL HUM error management. safety improvement, revision of 3.1.1 procedures and/or working practices APS Explain the threat and error 2 Threats, errors, undesired states, ALL HUM management framework. countermeasures 3.1.2 Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 —

AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

APS Differentiate between the different 2 Internal, external, airborne, ALL HUM types of threats in ATC. environmental 3.1.3 Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 —

AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

APS Differentiate between the different 2 Equipment, procedural, communication ALL HUM types of errors in ATC. Optional content: increase in traffic, 3.1.4 changes in procedures, complexities of

systems or traffic, weather, unusual occurrences

APS Differentiate between the different 2 On the ground, airborne ALL HUM types of undesired states. Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.1.5 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

APS Analyse examples of threat and error 4 Case studies ALL HUM management in ATC. Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.1.6 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

Subtopic HUM 3.2 — Application of threat and error management

APS Manage threats. 4 Detect and respond ALL HUM Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.2.1 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

APS Manage errors. 4 Detect and respond ALL HUM Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.2.2 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

TOPIC HUM 3 — THREAT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT

APS Manage undesired states. 4 Detect and respond ALL HUM Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.2.3 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

TOPIC HUM 4 — TEAMWORK Subtopic HUM 4.1 — Benefits of teamwork

APS State the benefits of teamwork. 1 Increased safety, efficiency and capacity ALL HUM 4.1.1 APS List the controller’s human performance 1 Situational awareness, communication, ALL HUM elements affected by teamwork. decision-making, threat and error 4.1.2 management, workload management

Subtopic HUM 4.2 — Conflict management

APS Identify the reasons for conflict. 3 ALL HUM 4.2.1 APS Describe strategies to cope with human 2 Optional content: in your team, in the ALL HUM conflicts. simulator 4.2.2 APS Describe actions to prevent human 2 ALL HUM conflicts. 4.2.3

TOPIC HUM 5 — HUMAN ERROR Subtopic HUM 5.1 — Concept of systems in ATM/ANS

APS Explain the concept of systems. 2 People; procedures; equipment; ATM in ALL HUM systems terms: simple, complicated, and 5.1.1 complex systems; system thinking APS Describe how changes in one part of a 2 ALL HUM system may impact the other parts. 5.1.2 APS Describe the role of the human in the 2 ALL HUM system. 5.1.3

TOPIC HUM 6 — COMMUNICATION Subtopic HUM 6.1 — Effective communication

APS Explain effective communication in ATC 2 ICAO Doc 9868 ALL HUM operations. 6.1.1 APS Explain key strategies used to enable 2 Optional content: active listening, active ALL HUM open communication. speaking, assertiveness, honesty, 6.1.2 relevance, facts, neutrality APS Describe the parameters affecting the 2 Workload, mutual knowledge, controller ALL HUM controller’s competence to versus pilot mental picture, distractions, 6.1.3 communicate effectively. sound, human conflicts

TOPIC HUM 6 — COMMUNICATION

Optional content: communication between and within the team(s), in the

simulator, with the pilots, instructors,

coordination partners workload

Subtopic HUM 6.2 — Effective feedback

APS Define feedback. 1 ALL HUM 6.2.1 APS Explain the purpose of receiving and 2 ALL HUM giving feedback, and its effect on 6.2.2 performance. APS Consider the impact of communication 2 ALL HUM styles on feedback and on conflict 6.2.3 resolution. APS Integrate feedback into performance. 4 ALL HUM 6.2.4

SUBJECT 7: EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

TOPIC EQPS 1 — VOICE COMMUNICATIONS Subtopic EQPS 1.1 — Radio communications

APS Operate two-way communication 3 Transmit/receive switches, procedures ALL EQPS equipment. Optional content: frequency selection, 1.1.1 standby equipment APS Identify indications of operational status 3 Optional content: indicator lights, ALL EQPS of radio equipment. serviceability displays, selector/frequency 1.1.2 displays APS Consider radio range. 2 Optional content: transfer to another APP EQPS frequency, apparent radio failure, failure ACP 1.1.3 to establish radio contact, frequency APS protection range ACS

Subtopic EQPS 1.2 — Other voice communications

APS Operate landline communications. 3 Optional content: telephone, interphone ALL EQPS and intercom equipment 1.2.1

TOPIC EQPS 2 — AUTOMATION IN ATS Subtopic EQPS 2.1 — Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network (AFTN)

APS Decode AFTN messages. 3 Optional content: movement and control ALL EQPS messages, NOTAMs, SNOWTAMs, 2.1.1 BIRDTAMs, etc.

Subtopic EQPS 2.2 — Automatic data interchange

APS Use automatic data transfer equipment 3 Optional content: sequencing systems, ADC EQPS where available. automated information and coordination, APS 2.2.1 OLDI ACS

TOPIC EQPS 3 — CONTROLLER WORKING POSITION Subtopic EQPS 3.1 — Operation and monitoring of equipment

APS Monitor the technical integrity of the 3 Notification procedures, responsibilities ALL EQPS controller working position. 3.1.1 APS Operate the equipment of the controller 3 Optional content: situation displays, flight ALL EQPS working position. progress board, flight data display, radio, 3.1.2 telephone, maps and charts, strip-printer,

clock, information systems, UDF/VDF

APS Operate the available equipment in 3 ALL EQPS abnormal and emergency situations. 3.1.3

Subtopic EQPS 3.2 — Situation displays and information systems

APS Use situation displays. 3 ALL EQPS 3.2.1 APS Check the availability of information. 3 ALL EQPS 3.2.2 APS Obtain information from equipment. 3 APP EQPS ACP 3.2.3 APS ACS

Subtopic EQPS 3.3 — Flight data systems

APS Use the flight data information at the 3 ALL EQPS controller working position. 3.3.1

Subtopic EQPS 3.4 — Use of the ATS surveillance system

APS Use the ATS surveillance system 3 APS EQPS functions. ACS 3.4.1 APS Analyse the information provided by the 4 APS EQPS ATS surveillance system. ACS 3.4.2 APS Assign codes. 4 APS EQPS ACS 3.4.3 APS Appreciate the use of advanced 3 Optional content: Mode S, ADS-B, MLAT APS EQPS surveillance technology. ACS 3.4.4

Subtopic EQPS 3.5 — Advanced systems

APS Appreciate the use of controller–pilot 3 APS EQPS data link communications when ACS 3.5.1 available. APS Characterise the use of information 2 MTCD, AMAN, DMAN APS EQPS provided by advanced systems. Optional content: trajectory-based ACS 3.5.2 information, MONA, etc.

TOPIC EQPS 4 — FUTURE EQUIPMENT Subtopic EQPS 4.1 — New developments

APS Recognise future developments. 1 New advanced systems ALL EQPS Optional content: European ATM Master 4.1.1 Plan, European Plan for Aviation Safety

TOPIC EQPS 5 — EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS’ LIMITATIONS AND DEGRADATION Subtopic EQPS 5.1 — Reaction to limitations

APS Take account of the limitations of 2 ALL EQPS equipment and systems. 5.1.1 APS Respond to technical deficiencies of the 3 Notification procedures, responsibilities ALL EQPS operational position. 5.1.2

Subtopic EQPS 5.2 — Communication equipment degradation

APS Identify that communication equipment 3 Optional content: ground–air and landline APP EQPS has degraded. communications ACP 5.2.1 APS ACS APS Apply contingency procedures in the 3 Optional content: procedures for total or ALL EQPS event of communication equipment partial degradation of ground–air and 5.2.2 degradation. landline communications, alternative

methods of transferring data

Subtopic EQPS 5.3 — Navigational equipment degradation

APS Identify when a navigational equipment 3 Optional content: navigational aids, ALL EQPS failure will affect operational ability. ‘European GNSS Contingency/Reversion 5.3.1 Handbook for PBN Operations’ APS Apply contingency procedures in the 3 Optional content: vertical separation, ALL EQPS event of a navigational equipment information to aircraft, navigational 5.3.2 degradation. assistance, seeking assistance from

adjacent units

Subtopic EQPS 5.4 — Surveillance equipment degradation

APS Identify that surveillance equipment has 3 Partial power failure, loss of certain APS EQPS degraded. facilities, total failure ACS 5.4.1 APS Apply contingency procedures in the 3 Optional content: inform adjacent sectors, APS EQPS event of surveillance equipment inform aircraft, apply vertical separation ACS 5.4.2 degradation. (emergency), increased horizontal

separation, reduce the number of aircraft entering area of responsibility, transfer aircraft to another unit

Subtopic EQPS 5.5 — ATC processing system degradation

APS Identify processing system degradation. 3 Optional content: FDPS, SDPS, software APS EQPS processing of situation display ACS 5.5.1 APS Apply contingency procedures in the 3 APS EQPS event of processing system degradation. ACS 5.5.2

SUBJECT 8: PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT

TOPIC PEN 1 — FAMILIARISATION

Subtopic PEN 1.1 — Study visit to an approach control unit

APS Appreciate the functions and provision 3 Study visit to an approach control unit APP PEN of operational approach control service. APS 1.1.1

TOPIC PEN 2 — AIRSPACE USERS Subtopic PEN 2.1 — Contributors to civil ATS operations

APS Characterise civil ATS activities in an 2 Study visit to an approach control unit APP PEN approach control unit. Optional content: familiarisation visits to APS 2.1.1 TWR, ACC, AIS, RCC APS Characterise other parties interfacing 2 Optional content: familiarisation visits to ALL PEN with ATS operations. engineering services, firefighting and 2.1.2 emergency services, airline operations

offices

Subtopic PEN 2.2 — Contributors to military ATS operations

APS Characterise military ATS activities. 2 Optional content: familiarisation visits to ALL PEN TWR, APP, ACC, AIS, RCC, air defence units 2.2.1

TOPIC PEN 3 — CUSTOMER RELATIONS Subtopic PEN 3.1 — Provision of services and user requirements

APS Appreciate the role of an air navigation 3 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 ALL PEN service provider. 3.1.1 APS Appreciate ATS users’ requirements. 3 ALL PEN 3.1.2

TOPIC PEN 4 — ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Subtopic PEN 4.1 — Environmental protection

APS Describe the environmental constraints 2 Optional content: ICAO Doc 10013 — ADC PEN on aerodrome operations. Operational Opportunities to reduce fuel APP 4.1.1 burn and emissions APS APS Explain the use of the Collaborative 2 Optional content: European ATM Master ADC PEN Environmental Management (CEM) Plan, EUROCONTROL CEM Specification APP 4.1.2 process at aerodromes. APS

TOPIC PEN 4 — ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

APS Appreciate the mitigation techniques 3 Optional content: continuous descent APS PEN used to minimise aviation’s impact on operations (CDO), continuous climb 4.1.3 the environment. operations (CCO), noise-abatement procedures, noise preferential routes,

flight efficiency

SUBJECT 9: ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

TOPIC ABES 1 — ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ABES) Subtopic ABES 1.1 — Overview of ABES

APS List common abnormal and emergency 1 Optional content: EATM Guidelines for ALL ABES situations. Controller Training in the Handling of 1.1.1 Unusual/Emergency Situations,

ambulance flights, ground-based safety nets alerts, airframe failure, unreliable instruments, runway incursion, GNSS failure

APS Identify potential or actual abnormal 3 ALL ABES and emergency situations. 1.1.2 APS Take into account the procedures for 2 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 APP ABES given abnormal and emergency ACP 1.1.3 situations. APS ACS APS Take into account that procedures do 2 Optional content: real-life examples ALL ABES not exist for all abnormal and 1.1.4 emergency situations. APS Consider how the evolution of a 2 Optional content: separation, information, ALL ABES situation may have an impact on safety. coordination 1.1.5

TOPIC ABES 2 — SKILLS IMPROVEMENT Subtopic ABES 2.1 — Communication effectiveness

APS Ensure effective communication in all 4 Phraseology, vocabulary, readback, radio ALL ABES circumstances including the case where silence instruction 2.1.1 standard phraseology is not applicable. APS Apply change of radiotelephony call 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES sign. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 2.1.2

Subtopic ABES 2.2 — Avoidance of mental overload

APS Describe actions to keep the situation 2 Optional content: sector-splitting, holding, ALL ABES under control. flow management, task delegation 2.2.1 APS Organise priority of actions. 4 ALL ABES 2.2.2

TOPIC ABES 2 — SKILLS IMPROVEMENT

APS Ensure the effective dissemination of 4 Optional content: between executive and ALL ABES information. planner/coordinator, with the supervisor, 2.2.3 between sectors, between ACC, APP and TWR, with ground staff, etc. APS Consider asking for help. 2 ALL ABES 2.2.4

Subtopic ABES 2.3 — Air–ground cooperation

APS Collect appropriate information relevant 3 ALL ABES to the situation. 2.3.1 APS Assist the pilot. 3 Pilot workload ALL ABES Optional content: instructions, 2.3.2 information, support, human factors, etc.

TOPIC ABES 3 — PROCEDURES FOR ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ABES) Subtopic ABES 3.1 — Application of procedures for ABES

APS Apply the procedures for given 3 Optional content: EATM Guidelines for ALL ABES abnormal and emergency situations. Controller Training in the Handling of 3.1.1 Unusual/Emergency Situations,

ambulance flights, ground-based safety nets alerts, airframe failure

Subtopic ABES 3.2 — Radio failure

APS Describe the procedures to be followed 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES by a pilot when experiencing complete Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, military 3.2.1 or partial radio failure. procedures, simulator operation

procedures

APS Apply the procedures to be followed 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES when a pilot experiences complete or Optional content: prolonged loss of 3.2.2 partial radio failure. communication

Subtopic ABES 3.3 — Unlawful interference and aircraft bomb threat

APS Apply ATC procedures associated with 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES unlawful interference and aircraft bomb Optional content: simulator operation 3.3.1 threat. procedures

Subtopic ABES 3.4 — Strayed or unidentified aircraft

APS Apply the procedures for strayed 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES aircraft. Optional content: inside controlled 3.4.1 airspace, outside controlled airspace APS Apply the procedures for unidentified 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES aircraft. 3.4.2

Subtopic ABES 3.5 — Diversion

APS Provide navigational assistance to 4 Track/heading, distance, other APP ABES aircraft diverting in emergency. navigational assistance ACP 3.5.1 Optional content: nearest most suitable APS aerodrome ACS

Subtopic ABES 3.6 — Transponder failure

TOPIC ABES 3 — PROCEDURES FOR ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ABES)

APS Apply procedures in the event of an SSR 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 APS ABES transponder failure. Optional content: total/partial failure, ACS 3.6.1 impact on ADS-B/Mode S capability

Subtopic ABES 3.7 — Interception of civil aircraft

APS Explain the procedures in the event of 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES interception of civil aircraft. 3.7.1

SUBJECT 10: AERODROMES

TOPIC AGA 1 — AERODROME DATA, LAYOUT AND COORDINATION Subtopic AGA 1.1 — Definitions

APS Define aerodrome data. 1 Regulation (EU) No 139/20141 ADC AGA Optional content: aerodrome elevation, APP 1.1.1 reference point, apron, movement area, APS manoeuvring area, hotspot

Subtopic AGA 1.2 — Coordination

APS Identify the information that has to be 3 Aerodrome conditions, fire/rescue ADC AGA exchanged between Air Traffic Services category, condition of ground equipment APP 1.2.1 (ATS) and the aerodrome authority. and NAVAIDs, AIRAC, Regulation (EU) No APS 139/2014

TOPIC AGA 2 — MOVEMENT AREA Subtopic AGA 2.1 — Movement area

APS Describe the movement area. 2 Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 ADC AGA APP 2.1.1 APS APS Describe the marking of obstacles and 2 Flags, signs on pavement, lights ADC AGA unusable or unserviceable areas. APP 2.1.2 APS APS Identify the information on conditions of 3 Essential information on aerodrome ADC AGA the movement area that has to be conditions APP 2.1.3 passed on to aircraft. APS

Subtopic AGA 2.2 — Manoeuvring area

APS Describe the manoeuvring area. 2 Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 ADC AGA APP 2.2.1 APS APS Describe the taxiway. 2 ADC AGA APP 2.2.2 APS APS Describe the daylight marking on 2 ADC AGA taxiways. APP 2.2.3 APS

TOPIC AGA 2 — MOVEMENT AREA

APS Describe taxiway lighting. 2 ADC AGA APP 2.2.4 APS

Subtopic AGA 2.3 — Runways

APS Describe the runway. 2 Runway, runway surface, runway strip, ADC AGA runway shoulder, runway-end safety APP 2.3.1 areas, clearways, stopways APS APS Describe the instrument runway. 2 Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 ADC AGA APP 2.3.2 APS APS Describe the non-instrument runway. 2 Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 ADC AGA APP 2.3.3 APS APS Explain declared distances. 2 TORA, TODA, ASDA, LDA ADC AGA APP 2.3.4 APS APS Explain the differences between ACN 2 Strength of pavements ADC AGA and PCN. APP 2.3.5 APS APS Describe the daylight markings on 2 Optional content: runway designator, ADC AGA runways. centre line, threshold, aiming point, fixed APP 2.3.6 distance, touchdown zone, side strip, APS

colour

APS Describe runway lights. 2 Optional content: colour, centre line, ADC AGA intensity, edge, touchdown zone, APP 2.3.7 threshold, barettes APS APS Explain the functions of visual landing 2 Optional content: AVASI, VASI, PAPI ADC AGA aids. APP 2.3.8 APS APS Describe the approach lighting systems. 2 Centre line, cross bars, stroboscopic lights, ADC AGA colours, intensity and brightness APP 2.3.9 APS APS Characterise the effect of water/ice on 2 ADC AGA runways. APP 2.3.10 APS APS Explain braking performance and 2 ADC AGA methods of reporting it. APP 2.3.11 APS APS Explain the effect of runway visual range 2 ADC AGA on aerodrome operations. APP 2.3.12 APS

TOPIC AGA 3 — OBSTACLES Subtopic AGA 3.1 — Obstacle-free airspace around aerodromes

APS Explain the necessity for establishing 2 ADC AGA and maintaining airspace around APP 3.1.1 aerodromes obstacle free. APS

TOPIC AGA 4 — MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT Subtopic AGA 4.1 — Location

APS Explain the location of different 2 Optional content: LOC, GP, VDF, radio ADC AGA aerodrome ground equipment. communication or ATS surveillance APP 4.1.1 systems sensors, stopbars, AVASI, VASI, APS

PAPI

AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(v) Composition of initial training

AREA CONTROL SURVEILLANCE (ACS) RATING TRAINING — TOPICS, SUBTOPICS AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES

(a) The general principles that apply to this AMC are contained in AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a). (b) The ATCO rating training Area Control Surveillance (ACS) Rating should contain the following topics, subtopics and training objectives that are associated with the subjects contained in point ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(v) Area Control Surveillance (ACS) Rating. (c) Subjects from point ATCO.D.010(a)(2)(v) are repeated in this AMC for the convenience of the reader and do not form part of it. INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE

TOPIC INTR 1 — COURSE MANAGEMENT Subtopic INTR 1.1 — Course introduction

ACS Explain the aims and main objectives of 2 ALL INTR the course. 1.1.1

Subtopic INTR 1.2 — Course administration

ACS State how the course is administered. 1 ALL INTR 1.2.1

Subtopic INTR 1.3 — Study material and training documentation

ACS Use appropriate documents and their 3 Optional content: training documentation, ALL INTR sources for course studies. library, CBT library, web, learning 1.3.1 management server ACS Integrate appropriate information into 4 Training documentation ALL INTR course studies. Optional content: supplementary 1.3.2 information, library

TOPIC INTR 2 — INTRODUCTION TO THE ATC TRAINING COURSE Subtopic INTR 2.1 — Course content and organisation

ACS State the different training methods 1 Theoretical training, practical training, ALL INTR used during the course. self-study, types of training events 2.1.1 ACS State the subjects covered by the course 1 ALL INTR and their purpose.

TOPIC INTR 2 — INTRODUCTION TO THE ATC TRAINING COURSE

2.1.2

ACS Describe the organisation of theoretical 2 Optional content: course programme ALL INTR training. 2.1.3 ACS Describe the organisation of practical 2 Optional content: PTP, simulation, ALL INTR training. briefing, debriefing, course programme 2.1.4

Subtopic INTR 2.2 — Training ethos

ACS Recognise the feedback mechanisms 1 Training progress, assessment, briefing, ALL INTR available. debriefing, learner–instructor feedback, 2.2.1 instructor–instructor feedback

Subtopic INTR 2.3 — Assessment process

ACS Describe the assessment process. 2 ALL INTR 2.3.1

SUBJECT 1: AVIATION LAW

TOPIC LAW 1 — ATCO LICENSING/CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENCE Subtopic LAW 1.1 — Privileges and conditions

ACS Appreciate the conditions which shall be 3 Regulation (EU) 2015/340 ACS LAW met to issue an Area Control 1.1.1 Surveillance rating. ACS Explain how to maintain and update 2 ALL LAW professional knowledge and skills to 1.1.2 retain competence in the operational environment. ACS Explain the conditions for the 2 Regulation (EU) 2015/340 ALL LAW suspension/ revocation of an ATCO 1.1.3 licence.

TOPIC LAW 2 — RULES AND REGULATIONS Subtopic LAW 2.1 — Reports

ACS Describe the functions of, and processes 2 Reporting culture, forms for mandatory ALL LAW for, reporting. and voluntary occurrence reporting, 2.1.1

TOPIC LAW 2 — RULES AND REGULATIONS

Regulation (EU) No 376/2014 , Regulation (EU) 2015/1018 Optional content: breach of regulations,

watchbook/logbook, records, voluntary reporting

ACS Use forms for reporting. 3 Regulation (EU) No 376/2014, forms for ALL LAW mandatory and voluntary occurrence 2.1.2 reporting Optional content: routine air-reports, breach of regulations,

watchbook/logbook, records

Subtopic LAW 2.2 — Airspace

ACS Appreciate airspace classes and 3 ACS LAW structure and their relevance to 2.2.1 operations using the Area Control Surveillance rating. ACS Provide planning, coordination and 4 Optional content: Regulation (EU) No ALL LAW control actions appropriate to the 923/2012 , international requirements, 2.2.2 classification and structure of given civil requirements, military requirements, airspace. areas of responsibility, sectorisation,

national requirements

ACS Appreciate responsibility for terrain 3 ALL LAW clearance. 2.2.3

TOPIC LAW 3 — ATS SAFETY MANAGEMENT Subtopic LAW 3.1 — Feedback process

ACS State the importance of controller 1 Optional content: voluntary reporting ALL LAW contribution to the feedback process. 3.1.1 ACS Describe how reported occurrences are 2 Optional content: Regulation (EU) ALL LAW analysed. No 376/2014, local procedures 3.1.2 ACS Name the means used to disseminate 1 Optional content: safety letters, safety ALL LAW recommendations. boards’ web pages 3.1.3 ACS Appreciate the just culture concept. 3 Benefits, prerequisites, constraints ALL LAW Optional content: Skybrary 3.1.4

Subtopic LAW 3.2 — Safety investigation

TOPIC LAW 3 — ATS SAFETY MANAGEMENT

ACS Describe the role and objectives of 2 ALL LAW safety investigation in the improvement 3.2.1 of safety.

SUBJECT 2: AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

TOPIC ATM 1 — PROVISION OF SERVICES Subtopic ATM 1.1 — Air traffic control (ATC) service

ACS Appreciate own area of responsibility. 3 APP ATM ACP 1.1.1 APS ACS ACS Provide area control service. 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ACP ATM Regulation (EU) 2017/373, operating ACS 1.1.2 procedures for the simulated/training environment

Subtopic ATM 1.2 — Flight information service (FIS)

ACS Provide FIS. 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation ALL ATM (EU) 2017/373 1.2.1 Optional content: national documents ACS Use an ATS surveillance system in the 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation APS ATM provision of FIS. (EU) 2017/373, information to identified ACS 1.2.2 aircraft concerning: traffic, navigation

Optional content: weather

ACS Issue appropriate information 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation APS ATM concerning the position of conflicting (EU) 2017/373, traffic information, ACS 1.2.3 traffic. essential traffic information APP

ACP

ACS Appreciate the use of ATIS in the 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM provision of FIS. 1.2.4

Subtopic ATM 1.3 — Alerting service (ALRS)

ACS Provide ALRS. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ALL ATM Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 1.3.1 Optional content: national documents ACS Respond to distress and urgency 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ALL ATM messages and signals. ICAO Annex 10 1.3.2 Optional content: EUROCONTROL

Guidelines for Controller Training in the Handling of Unusual/Emergency Situations, ICAO Doc 4444, national documents

ACS Use an ATS surveillance system in the 3 APS ATM provision of ALRS. ACS 1.3.3

Subtopic ATM 1.4 — ATS system capacity and air traffic flow management

TOPIC ATM 1 — PROVISION OF SERVICES

ACS Appreciate the impact of the ATS system 3 Optional content: EUROCONTROL ATFCM APP ATM capacity and air traffic flow Users Manual, FABs, FUA, free route ACP 1.4.1 management on the controller. airspace, local implementation of ATFCM APS principles, etc. ACS ACS Apply flow management procedures in 3 Optional content: EUROCONTROL ATFCM ACP ATM the provision of ATC. Users Manual ACS 1.4.2 ACS Organise traffic flows and patterns to 4 Optional content: civil and military, APP ATM take account of airspace boundaries. controlled, uncontrolled, advisory, ACP 1.4.3 restricted, danger, prohibited, special APS rules, sector boundaries, national ACS

boundaries, FIR boundaries, delegated airspace, transfer of control, transfer of communications, en-route, off-route

ACS Organise traffic flows and patterns to 4 Optional content: EUROCONTROL ATFCM APP ATM take account of areas of responsibility. Users Manual ACP 1.4.4 APS ACS ACS Inform the supervisor of local factors 3 Optional content: abnormal situations, APP ATM affecting the ATS system capacity and air decrease in sector capacity, limitations on ACP 1.4.5 traffic flow management. systems and equipment, changes in APS workload/capacity, unusual ACS

meteorological conditions, relevant information like: reported ground-based incidents, forest fire, smoke, oil pollution

ACS Organise traffic flows and patterns to 4 APS ATM take account of the ATS surveillance ACS 1.4.6 system capability.

Subtopic ATM 1.5 — Airspace management (ASM)

ACS Appreciate the impact of ASM on the 3 Optional content: FABs, EUROCONTROL APP ATM controller. Specification for the application of FUA, ACP 1.5.1 TSAs, CDRs, CBAs, free route airspace APS ACS ACS Organise traffic to take account of ASM. 4 Real-time activation, deactivation or APS ATM reallocation of airspace ACS 1.5.2 Optional content: CDR, TSA, TRA, CBA

TOPIC ATM 2 — COMMUNICATION Subtopic ATM 2.1 — Effective communication

ACS List the means of communication 1 Optional content: electronic, written, ALL ATM between controllers. verbal and non-verbal communication 2.1.1 ACS Select the most suitable means of 5 ALL ATM communication given the situation. 2.1.2 ACS Use approved phraseology. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM Optional content: published national/local 2.1.3 language phraseology

TOPIC ATM 2 — COMMUNICATION

ACS Ensure effective communication. 4 Use of plain language when required, ALL ATM communication within the sector/working 2.1.4 position, between the sectors/WPs/ATC units, readback/verification of readback ACS Analyse examples of pilot–controller 4 Optional content: real-life recordings, ALL ATM communication for effectiveness. situation in the simulator 2.1.5

TOPIC ATM 3 — ATC CLEARANCES AND ATC INSTRUCTIONS Subtopic ATM 3.1 — ATC clearances

ACS Issue appropriate ATC clearances. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation ALL ATM (EU) 2017/373 3.1.1 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, national

documents

ACS Integrate appropriate ATC clearances 4 ALL ATM into the control service. 3.1.2 ACS Ensure that the agreed course of action 4 ALL ATM is carried out. 3.1.3

Subtopic ATM 3.2 — ATC instructions

ACS Issue appropriate ATC instructions. 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ALL ATM Regulation (EU) 2017/373 3.2.1 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, national

documents

ACS Integrate appropriate ATC instructions 4 ALL ATM into the control service. 3.2.2 ACS Ensure that the agreed course of action 4 ALL ATM is carried out. 3.2.3

TOPIC ATM 4 — COORDINATION Subtopic ATM 4.1 — Necessity for coordination

ACS Identify the need for coordination. 3 ALL ATM 4.1.1

Subtopic ATM 4.2 — Tools and methods for coordination

ACS Use the available tools for coordination. 3 Optional content: electronic transfer of ALL ATM flight data, telephone, interphone, 4.2.1 intercom, direct speech, radiotelephone

(RTF), local agreements, automated system coordination

Subtopic ATM 4.3 — Coordination procedures

ACS Initiate appropriate coordination. 3 Delegation/transfer of responsibility for ALL ATM air–ground communications and 4.3.1 separation, transfer of control, etc., Regulation (EU) 2017/373

Optional content: release point

TOPIC ATM 4 — COORDINATION

ACS Analyse the effect of coordination 4 Optional content: delegation/transfer of ALL ATM requested by an adjacent position/unit. responsibility for air–ground 4.3.2 communications and separation, release point, transfer of control, etc. ACS Select, after negotiation, an appropriate 5 ALL ATM course of action. 4.3.3 ACS Ensure that the agreed course of action 4 ALL ATM is carried out. 4.3.4 ACS Coordinate when providing FIS. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL ATM Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 4.3.5 ACS Coordinate when providing ALRS. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL ATM Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 4.3.6

TOPIC ATM 5 — ALTIMETRY AND LEVEL ALLOCATION Subtopic ATM 5.1 — Altimetry

ACS Allocate levels according to altimetry 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM data. 5.1.1 ACS Ensure separation according to altimetry 4 Optional content: transition level, ALL ATM data. transition altitude, transition layer, height, 5.1.2 flight level, altitude, vertical distance to

airspace boundaries

Subtopic ATM 5.2 — Terrain clearance

ACS Provide planning, coordination and 4 Optional content: minimum vectoring APS ATM control actions appropriate to the rules altitude, terrain clearance dimensions, ACS 5.2.1 for minimum usable levels and terrain minimum safe altitudes, transition level, clearance. minimum flight level, minimum sector

altitude

TOPIC ATM 6 — SEPARATION Subtopic ATM 6.1 — Vertical separation

ACS Provide standard vertical separation. 4 ICAO Doc 4444, Regulation (EU) No ACP ATM 923/2012, level allocation, during ACS 6.1.1 climb/descent, rate of climb/descent, RVSM, non-RVSM aircraft, holding pattern ACS Provide increased vertical separation. 4 ICAO Doc 4444, APP ATM Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ACP 6.1.2 Optional content: level allocation, during APS climb/descent, rate of climb/descent, ACS

degraded aircraft performance, non-RVSM aircraft, reported severe turbulence

ACS Appreciate the application of emergency 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, APP ATM vertical separation. ICAO Doc 4444, ICAO Doc 7030 ACP 6.1.3 APS ACS

TOPIC ATM 6 — SEPARATION

ACS Provide vertical separation in a 4 Pressure altitude-derived information, APS ATM surveillance environment. pilot-level reports ACS 6.1.4 Optional content: into/out of ATS

surveillance system coverage

Subtopic ATM 6.2 — Longitudinal separation in a surveillance environment

ACS Provide longitudinal separation in a 4 Successive departures, successive arrivals, ACS ATM surveillance environment. overflights, speed control, Mach number 6.2.1 techniques, silent transfer, ICAO Doc 4444

Subtopic ATM 6.3 — Wake turbulence distance-based separation

ACS Provide distance-based wake turbulence 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, APS ATM separation. Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ACS 6.3.1 Optional content: EASA SIB 2017-10 ‘Enroute Wake Turbulence Encounters’,

national documents

Subtopic ATM 6.4 — Separation based on ATS surveillance systems

ACS Describe how separation based on ATS 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM surveillance systems is applied. ACS 6.4.1 ACS Provide horizontal separation. 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM Optional content: local/simulator ACS 6.4.2 operation manuals, holding ACS Provide horizontal separation by 4 Optional content: transit, meteorological APS ATM vectoring in a variety of situations. phenomena, vectoring for approach, ACS 6.4.3 departure versus transit versus arrival ACS Ensure horizontal or vertical separation 4 Adjacent sectors, restricted, prohibited APS ATM from airspace boundaries. and danger areas, TSAs. ACS 6.4.4

TOPIC ATM 7 — AIRBORNE AND GROUND-BASED SAFETY NETS Subtopic ATM 7.1 — Airborne safety nets

ACS Recognise the independence of ACAS 1 ICAO Doc 9863 ALL ATM thresholds from ATC separation Optional content: Skybrary Safety Nets 7.1.1 standards. ACS Describe the controller responsibility 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM during and following an ACAS RA Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, 7.1.2 reported by a pilot. ICAO Doc 9863, Skybrary Safety Nets ACS Respond to pilot notification of actions 3 ACAS APP ATM based on airborne systems warnings. Optional content: TAWS, Skybrary Safety APS 7.1.3 Nets ACP ACS

Subtopic ATM 7.2 — Ground-based safety nets

ACS Describe the controller responsibility 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM during and following safety net Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, STCA, ACS 7.2.1 warnings. MSAW, APW, APM ACS Respond to ground-based safety net 3 Optional content: STCA, MSAW, APW, APS ATM warnings. APM ACS 7.2.2

TOPIC ATM 8 — DATA DISPLAY Subtopic ATM 8.1 — Data management

ACS Update the data display to accurately 3 Optional content: information displayed, ALL ATM reflect the traffic situation. strip-marking procedures, electronic 8.1.1 information data displays, actions based

on traffic display information, calculation of EETs

ACS Analyse pertinent data on data displays. 4 ALL ATM 8.1.2 ACS Organise pertinent data on data 4 ALL ATM displays. 8.1.3 ACS Obtain flight plan information. 3 CPL, supplementary information ALL ATM Optional content: FPL, AFIL, etc. 8.1.4 ACS Use flight plan information. 3 ALL ATM 8.1.5

TOPIC ATM 9 — OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (SIMULATED) Subtopic ATM 9.1 — Integrity of the operational environment

ACS Obtain information concerning the 3 Optional content: local/simulator ALL ATM operational environment. operation manuals, briefing, notices, 9.1.1 current flight plan data/information displays, pilot reports, coordination,

verification of information

ACS Ensure the integrity of the operational 4 Optional content: integrity of displays, APP ATM environment. verification of the information provided by ACP 9.1.2 displays, etc. APS ACS

Subtopic ATM 9.2 — Verification of the currency of operational procedures

ACS Check all relevant documentation before 3 Optional content: briefing, letters of ALL ATM managing traffic. agreement (LoAs), NOTAMs, AICs 9.2.1 ACS Manage traffic in accordance with a 4 APP ATM change to operational procedures. ACP 9.2.2 APS ACS

Subtopic ATM 9.3 — Handover–takeover

ACS Transfer information to the relieving 3 ALL ATM controller. 9.3.1 ACS Obtain information from the controller 3 ALL ATM handing over. 9.3.2 ACS List possible actions to provide a safe 1 Optional content: rigour, preparation, ALL ATM position handover–takeover. overlap time 9.3.3

TOPIC ATM 9 — OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (SIMULATED)

ACS Explain the consequences of a missed 2 ALL ATM position handover–takeover. 9.3.4

TOPIC ATM 10 — PROVISION OF CONTROL SERVICE Subtopic ATM 10.1 — Responsibility for the provision of control service and the processing of information

ACS Describe the division of responsibility 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL ATM among air traffic control units. 10.1.1 ACS Describe the responsibility in regard to 2 ICAO Doc 4444 ALL ATM military traffic. Optional content: ICAO Doc 9554 10.1.2 ACS Describe the responsibility in regard to 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ATM unmanned free balloons. 10.1.3 ACS Interpret operational information. 5 APP ATM ACP 10.1.4 APS ACS ACS Organise forwarding of operational 4 Optional content: including the use of APP ATM information. backup procedures ACP 10.1.5 APS ACS ACS Integrate operational information into 4 APP ATM control decisions. ACP 10.1.6 APS ACS ACS Appreciate the influence of operational 3 Optional content: military flying, ALL ATM requirements. calibration flights, aerial photography 10.1.7

Subtopic ATM 10.2 — ATS surveillance service

ACS Explain the responsibility for the 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373, ACS ATM provision of ATS surveillance service Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 10.2.1 appropriate to ACS rating. Optional content: local/simulator

operation manuals

ACS Explain the functions that may be 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM performed with the use of ATS ACS 10.2.2 surveillance system derived information presented on a situation display. ACS Provide planning, coordination and 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ACS ATM control actions appropriate to VFR and ICAO Annex 11, ICAO Doc 4444 ACP 10.2.3 IFR traffic in VMC and IMC. ACS Apply the procedures for the 3 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM termination of ATS surveillance service. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, transfer ACS 10.2.4 of control, termination or interruption of

ATS surveillance service

Subtopic ATM 10.3 — Traffic management process

ACS Ensure that situational awareness is 4 Information gathering, scanning, traffic APS ATM maintained. projection ACS 10.3.1

TOPIC ATM 10 — PROVISION OF CONTROL SERVICE

ACS Detect conflicts in time for appropriate 4 ALL ATM resolution. 10.3.2 ACS Identify potential solutions to achieve a 3 APP ATM safe and effective traffic flow. ACP 10.3.3 APS ACS ACS Evaluate possible outcomes of different 5 ALL ATM planning and control actions. 10.3.4 ACS Select an appropriate plan in time to 5 APP ATM achieve safe and effective traffic flow. ACP 10.3.5 APS ACS ACS Ensure an adequate priority of actions. 4 ALL ATM 10.3.6 ACS Execute the selected plan in a timely 3 ALL ATM manner. 10.3.7 ACS Ensure that a safe and efficient outcome 4 Traffic monitoring, adaptability and ALL ATM is achieved. follow-up 10.3.8

Subtopic ATM 10.4 — Handling traffic

ACS Manage arrivals, departures and 4 Optional content: simulator operation APP ATM overflights. procedures ACP 10.4.1 APS ACS ACS Balance the workload against personal 5 Optional content: rerouting, replanning, APP ATM capacity. prioritising solutions, denying requests, ACP 10.4.2 delegating responsibility for separation APS ACS ACS Define flight path monitoring and 1 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM vectoring. ACS 10.4.3 ACS Explain the requirements for vectoring 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM and termination of vectoring. ACS 10.4.4 ACS Provide vectoring. 4 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation APS ATM (EU) 2017/373 ACS 10.4.5 Optional content: separation, expediting

arrivals, departures and/or climb to

cruising levels, aircraft leaving the hold,

navigation assistance, uncontrolled

airspace, etc. ACS Apply the procedures for the 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation APS ATM termination of vectoring. (EU) 2017/373 ACS 10.4.6

Subtopic ATM 10.5 — Control service with advanced system support

TOPIC ATM 10 — PROVISION OF CONTROL SERVICE

ACS Appreciate the impact of advanced 3 Optional content: sequencing systems, ACS ATM systems on the provision of area control automated holding lists, vertical traffic 10.5.1 service. displays, conflict detection and decision-

making tools, automated information and coordination tools

TOPIC ATM 11 — HOLDING Subtopic ATM 11.1 — Holding procedures

ACS Apply holding procedures. 3 ICAO Doc 4444, APP ATM Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, Regulation ACP 11.1.1 (EU) 2017/373, holding instructions, APS allocation of holding levels, onward ACS clearance times ACS Appreciate the factors affecting holding 3 Effect of speed, effect of level used, effect APP ATM patterns. of navigation aid in use, turbulence, ACP 11.1.2 aircraft type APS ACS

Subtopic ATM 11.2 — Holding aircraft

ACS Issue expected onward clearance times. 3 ACP ATM ACS 11.2.1

Subtopic ATM 11.3 — Holding in a surveillance environment

ACS Organise traffic to separate other 4 APS ATM aircraft from holding aircraft. ACS 11.3.1 ACS Integrate system support, when 4 Optional content: arrival management APS ATM available. system, automated holding lists, vertical ACS 11.3.2 traffic displays

TOPIC ATM 12 — IDENTIFICATION Subtopic ATM 12.1 — Establishment of identification

ACS Appreciate the precautions when 3 APS ATM establishing identification. ACS 12.1.1 ACS Identify aircraft. 3 Optional content: PSR, SSR or ADS APS ATM identification method ACS 12.1.2 ACS Apply the procedures for 3 ICAO Doc 4444, Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM misidentification. Optional content: local/simulator ACS 12.1.3 operation manuals

Subtopic ATM 12.2 — Maintenance of identification

ACS Appreciate the necessity to maintain 3 APS ATM identification. ACS 12.2.1

Subtopic ATM 12.3 — Loss of identity

ACS Appreciate when an aircraft 3 Optional content: out of ATS surveillance APS ATM identification is lost or in doubt. system coverage, failure of ATS ACS 12.3.1 surveillance system, weather clutter, other clutter, garbling, holding, etc.

TOPIC ATM 12 — IDENTIFICATION

ACS Apply methods to re-establish 3 APS ATM identification. ACS 12.3.2 ACS Respond to loss/doubt concerning 3 Optional content: procedural separation APS ATM identification. ACS 12.3.3

Subtopic ATM 12.4 — Position information

ACS Appreciate the circumstances when 3 APS ATM position information should be passed ACS 12.4.1 on to aircraft. ACS State the format in which position 1 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 APS ATM information can be passed on to aircraft. ACS 12.4.2

Subtopic ATM 12.5 — Transfer of identity

ACS Apply the methods of transfer of 3 APS ATM identification. ACS 12.5.1 ACS Appreciate the precautions when 3 APS ATM transferring identification. ACS 12.5.2

SUBJECT 3: METEOROLOGY

TOPIC MET 1 — METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA Subtopic MET 1.1 — Meteorological phenomena

ACS Appreciate the impact of adverse 3 Thunderstorms, icing, jet streams, clear- ACP MET weather on aircraft. air turbulence (CAT), turbulence, ACS 1.1.1 microburst, severe mountain waves, squall lines, volcanic ash

Optional content: solar radiation

ACS Integrate data about meteorological 4 Clearances, instructions and transmitted ALL MET phenomena into the provision of ATS. information 1.1.2 Optional content: relevant meteorological

phenomena

ACS Use techniques to avoid adverse 3 Rerouting, level change, etc. APP MET weather when necessary/possible. ACP 1.1.3 APS ACS

TOPIC MET 2 — SOURCES OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA Subtopic MET 2.1 — Sources of meteorological information

ACS Obtain meteorological information. 3 METAR, TAF, SIGMET, AIRMET APP MET Optional content: AIREP/special AIREP ACP 2.1.1 APS ACS ACS Decode information from 3 ALL MET meteorological data displays.

TOPIC MET 2 — SOURCES OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA

2.1.2

ACS Relay meteorological information. 3 ICAO Doc 4444, ALL MET Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 2.1.3 Optional content: flight information

centre, adjacent ATS unit

SUBJECT 4: NAVIGATION

TOPIC NAV 1 — MAPS AND AERONAUTICAL CHARTS Subtopic NAV 1.1 — Maps and charts

ACS Use relevant maps and charts. 3 ALL NAV 1.1.1 ACS Decode symbols and information 3 En-route and area charts ACP NAV displayed on aeronautical maps and Optional content: STAR charts ACS 1.1.2 charts.

TOPIC NAV 2 — INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION Subtopic NAV 2.1 — Navigational systems

ACS Manage traffic in case of change in the 4 Optional content: limitations, availability APP NAV operational status of navigational and status of ground-based and satellite- ACP 2.1.1 systems. based systems APS ACS ACS Appreciate the effect of a change in the 3 Optional content: precision, limitations, ALL NAV operational status of navigational status, degraded procedures 2.1.2 systems.

Subtopic NAV 2.2 — Navigational assistance

ACS Evaluate the necessary information to 5 Optional content: nearest most suitable APP NAV be provided to pilots in need of aerodrome, track, heading, distance, ACP 2.2.1 navigational assistance. aerodrome information, any other APS navigational assistance relevant at the ACS

time

ACS Assist pilots with navigation when 3 Aircraft observed to be deviating from APS NAV required. their known intended route, on pilots’ ACS 2.2.2 request

Subtopic NAV 2.3 — PBN applications

ACS State the navigation applications used in 1 Terminal-RNAV-1, ACP NAV terminal and en-route environments. En-route-RNAV-5 ACS 2.3.1 Optional content: A-RNP, Commission

Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1048 (the PBN Regulation), ICAO Doc 9613

ACS Explain the principles and designation of 2 Performance, functionalities, sensors APP NAV navigation specifications in use. Optional content: aircrew and controller ACP 2.3.2 requirements, accuracy requirements, APS integrity and continuity ACS

TOPIC NAV 2 — INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION

ACS Describe the differences in turn 2 Optional content: fly-by, fly-over, FRT, ACP NAV performance. ICAO Doc 4444 ACS 2.3.3 ACS State future PBN developments. 1 A-RNP, RNP (AR) DEP ALL NAV Optional content: RNP 3D, VNAV, 4D, TBO 2.3.4

SUBJECT 5: AIRCRAFT

TOPIC ACFT 1 — AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS Subtopic ACFT 1.1 — Aircraft instruments

ACS Integrate information from aircraft 4 ALL ACFT instruments provided by the pilot into 1.1.1 the provision of ATS. ACS Explain the operation of aircraft radio 2 Optional content: radios (number of), ALL ACFT equipment. emergency radios 1.1.2 ACS Explain the operation of on-board 2 Transponders: equipment Mode A, Mode ADC ACFT surveillance equipment. C, Mode S, ADS capability APS 1.1.3 ACS

TOPIC ACFT 2 — AIRCRAFT CATEGORIES Subtopic ACFT 2.1 — Wake turbulence

ACS Explain the wake turbulence effect and 2 ALL ACFT associated hazards to succeeding 2.1.1 aircraft. ACS Appreciate the techniques used to 3 ALL ACFT prevent hazards associated with wake 2.1.2 turbulence to succeeding aircraft.

TOPIC ACFT 3 — FACTORS AFFECTING AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE Subtopic ACFT 3.1 — Climb factors

ACS Integrate the influence of factors 4 Optional content: speed, mass, air density, APP ACFT affecting aircraft during climb. cabin pressurisation, wind and ACP 3.1.1 temperature APS ACS

Subtopic ACFT 3.2 — Cruise factors

ACS Integrate the influence of factors 4 Level, cruising speed, wind, mass, cabin ACP ACFT affecting aircraft during cruise. pressurisation ACS 3.2.1

Subtopic ACFT 3.3 — Descent factors

ACS Integrate the influence of factors 4 Optional content: wind, speed, rate of ACP ACFT affecting aircraft during descent. descent, cabin pressurisation ACS 3.3.1

Subtopic ACFT 3.4 — Economic factors

TOPIC ACFT 3 — FACTORS AFFECTING AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE

ACS Integrate consideration of economic 4 Optional content: routing, level, speed, ACP ACFT factors affecting aircraft. rate of climb and rate of descent, ACS 3.4.1 approach profile, top of descent ACS Provide continuous climb/descent 4 APS ACFT whenever possible. ACS 3.4.2 ACS Use direct routing where applicable. 3 APP ACFT ACP 3.4.3 APS ACS ACS Appreciate controller’s actions that may 3 Optional content: level instructions, speed ACS ACFT contribute to pilot’s ability to fly an control, vertical speed control, vectoring, APS 3.4.4 optimum continuous descent. distance-to-touchdown information

Subtopic ACFT 3.5 — Environmental factors

ACS Appreciate the performance restrictions 3 Optional content: fuel-dumping, minimum ACP ACFT due to environmental considerations. flight levels, continuous descent ACS 3.5.1 operations

TOPIC ACFT 4 — AIRCRAFT DATA Subtopic ACFT 4.1 — Performance data

ACS Integrate the average performance data 4 Performance data under a representative APP ACFT of a representative sample of aircraft variety of circumstances ACP 4.1.1 which will be encountered in the APS operational/ working environment into ACS the provision of control service.

SUBJECT 6: HUMAN FACTORS

TOPIC HUM 1 — INFORMATION PROCESSING Subtopic HUM 1.1 — Cognition and factors influencing it

ACS Describe the human information- 2 Attention, perception, memory, ALL HUM processing model. situational awareness, decision-making, 1.1.1 response ACS Describe the factors which influence 2 Confidence, stress, learning, knowledge, ALL HUM human information-processing. experience, fatigue, alcohol/drugs, 1.1.2 distraction, interpersonal relations

Subtopic HUM 1.2 — Situational awareness

ACS Appreciate the effect of human 3 Optional content: workload, knowledge, ALL HUM information-processing factors on interpersonal relations, distraction, 1.2.1 situational awareness. confidence, experience, fatigue, stress

Subtopic HUM 1.3 — Decision-making

ACS Appreciate the effect of human 3 Optional content: workload, stress, ALL HUM information-processing factors on interpersonal relations, distraction, 1.3.1 decision-making. confidence

TOPIC HUM 2 — FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Subtopic HUM 2.1 — Fatigue

ACS Describe the onset of fatigue. 2 Regulation (EU) 2017/373 ALL HUM Optional content: lack of concentration, 2.1.1 listlessness, irritability, frustration, Skybrary Human Behaviour:

EUROCONTROL Fatigue and sleep management

ACS Recognise the onset of fatigue in self 1 Optional content: Skybrary Human ALL HUM and in others. Behaviour: EUROCONTROL Fatigue and 2.1.2 sleep management ACS Describe the appropriate action when 2 Optional content: Skybrary Human ALL HUM recognising fatigue. Behaviour, EUROCONTROL Fatigue 2.1.3 and sleep management

Subtopic HUM 2.2 — Stress

ACS Recognise the effects of stress on 1 Stress and its symptoms in self and in ALL HUM human performance. others 2.2.1 Optional content:

Regulation (EU) 2017/373

ACS Describe the appropriate action when 2 ALL HUM recognising stress. 2.2.2 ACS Act to reduce stress. 3 ALL HUM 2.2.3 ACS Respond to stressful situations by 3 ALL HUM offering, asking for or accepting 2.2.4 assistance. ACS Recognise the effect of stressful events. 1 Self and others, abnormal situations ALL HUM 2.2.5

TOPIC HUM 3 — THREAT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT Subtopic HUM 3.1 — Threat and error management framework

ACS Explain the importance of threat and 2 Optional content: prevention of incidents, ALL HUM error management. safety improvement, revision of 3.1.1 procedures and/or working practices ACS Explain the threat and error 2 Threats, errors, undesired states, ALL HUM management framework. countermeasures 3.1.2 Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 —

AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ACS Differentiate between the different 2 Internal, external, airborne, ALL HUM types of threats in ATC. environmental 3.1.3 Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 —

AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ACS Differentiate between the different 2 Equipment, procedural, communication ALL HUM types of errors in ATC. Optional content: increase in traffic, 3.1.4 changes in procedures, complexities of

TOPIC HUM 3 — THREAT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT

systems or traffic, weather, unusual occurrences

ACS Differentiate between the different 2 On the ground, airborne ALL HUM types of undesired states. Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.1.5 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ACS Analyse examples of threat and error 4 Case studies ALL HUM management in ATC. Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.1.6 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

Subtopic HUM 3.2 — Application of threat and error management

ACS Manage threats. 3 Detect and respond ALL HUM Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.2.1 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ACS Manage errors. 2 Detect and respond ALL HUM Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.2.2 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ACS Manage undesired states. 2 Detect and respond ALL HUM Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — 3.2.3 AN/178 Threat and Error Management

(TEM) in Air Traffic Control

TOPIC HUM 4 — TEAMWORK Subtopic HUM 4.1 — Benefits of teamwork

ACS State the benefits of teamwork. 1 Increased safety, efficiency and capacity ALL HUM 4.1.1 ACS List the controller’s human performance 1 Situational awareness, communication, ALL HUM elements affected by teamwork. decision-making, threat and error 4.1.2 management, workload management

Subtopic HUM 4.2 — Conflict management

ACS Identify the reasons for conflict. 3 ALL HUM 4.2.1 ACS Describe strategies to cope with human 2 Optional content: in your team, in the ALL HUM conflicts. simulator 4.2.2 ACS Describe actions to prevent human 2 ALL HUM conflicts. 4.2.3

TOPIC HUM 5 — SYSTEMS Subtopic HUM 5.1 — Concept of systems in ATM/ANS

ACS Explain the concept of systems. 2 People; procedures; equipment; ATM in ALL HUM system terms: simple, complicated, and 5.1.1 complex systems; system thinking

TOPIC HUM 5 — SYSTEMS

ACS Describe how changes in one part of a 2 ALL HUM system may impact the other parts. 5.1.2 ACS Describe the role of the human in the 2 ALL HUM system. 5.1.3

TOPIC HUM 6 — COMMUNICATION Subtopic HUM 6.1 — Communication

ACS Explain effective communication in ATC 2 ICAO Doc 9868 ALL HUM operations. 6.1.1 ACS Explain key strategies used to enable 2 Optional content: active listening, active ALL HUM open communication. speaking, assertiveness, honesty, 6.1.2 relevance, facts, neutrality ACS Describe the parameters affecting the 2 Workload, mutual knowledge, controller ALL HUM controller’s competence to versus pilot mental picture, distractions, 6.1.3 communicate effectively. sound, human conflicts

Optional content: communication between and within the team(s), in the

simulator, with the pilots, instructors,

coordination partners

Subtopic HUM 6.2 — Effective feedback

ACS Define feedback. 1 ALL HUM 6.2.1 ACS Explain the purpose of receiving and 2 ALL HUM giving feedback and its effect on 6.2.2 performance. ACS Consider the impact of communication 2 ALL HUM styles on feedback and on conflict 6.2.3 resolution. ACS Integrate feedback into performance. 4 ALL HUM 6.2.4

SUBJECT 7: EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

TOPIC EQPS 1 — VOICE COMMUNICATIONS Subtopic EQPS 1.1 — Radio communications

ACS Operate two-way communication 3 Transmit/receive switches, procedures ALL EQPS equipment. Optional content: frequency selection, 1.1.1 standby equipment ACS Identify indications of operational status 3 Optional content: indicator lights, ALL EQPS of radio equipment. serviceability displays, selector/frequency 1.1.2 displays

TOPIC EQPS 1 — VOICE COMMUNICATIONS

ACS Consider radio range. 2 Optional content: transfer to another APP EQPS frequency, apparent radio failure, failure ACP 1.1.3 to establish radio contact, frequency APS protection range ACS

Subtopic EQPS 1.2 — Other voice communications

ACS Operate landline communications. 3 Optional content: telephone, interphone ALL EQPS and intercom equipment 1.2.1

TOPIC EQPS 2 — AUTOMATION IN ATS Subtopic EQPS 2.1 — Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network (AFTN)

ACS Decode AFTN messages. 3 Optional content: movement and control ALL EQPS messages, NOTAMs, SNOWTAMs, 2.1.1 BIRDTAMs, etc.

Subtopic EQPS 2.2 — Automatic data interchange

ACS Use automatic data transfer equipment 3 Optional content: sequencing systems, ADC EQPS where available. automated information and coordination, APS 2.2.1 OLDI ACS

TOPIC EQPS 3 — CONTROLLER WORKING POSITION Subtopic EQPS 3.1 — Operation and monitoring of equipment

ACS Monitor the technical integrity of the 3 Notification procedures, responsibilities ALL EQPS controller working position. 3.1.1 ACS Operate the equipment of the controller 3 Optional content: situation displays, flight ALL EQPS working position. progress board, flight data display, radio, 3.1.2 telephone, maps and charts, strip-printer,

clock, information systems, UDF/VDF

ACS Operate the available equipment in 3 ALL EQPS abnormal and emergency situations. 3.1.3

Subtopic EQPS 3.2 — Situation displays and information systems

ACS Use situation displays. 3 ALL EQPS 3.2.1 ACS Check the availability of information. 3 ALL EQPS 3.2.2 ACS Obtain information from equipment. 3 APP EQPS ACP 3.2.3 APS ACS

Subtopic EQPS 3.3 — Flight data systems

ACS Use the flight data information at the 3 ALL EQPS controller working position. 3.3.1

Subtopic EQPS 3.4 — Use of the ATS surveillance system

ACS Use the ATS surveillance system 3 APS EQPS functions. ACS

TOPIC EQPS 3 — CONTROLLER WORKING POSITION

3.4.1

ACS Analyse the information provided by the 4 APS EQPS ATS surveillance system. ACS 3.4.2 ACS Assign codes. 4 APS EQPS ACS 3.4.3 ACS Appreciate the use of advanced 3 Optional content: Mode S, ADS-B, MLAT APS EQPS surveillance technology. ACS 3.4.4

Subtopic EQPS 3.5 — Advanced systems

ACS Appreciate the use of controller–pilot 3 APS EQPS data link communications when ACS 3.5.1 available. ACS Characterise the use of information 2 MTCD, AMAN, DMAN APS EQPS provided by advanced systems. Optional content: trajectory-based ACS 3.5.2 information, MONA, etc.

TOPIC EQPS 4 — FUTURE EQUIPMENT Subtopic EQPS 4.1 — New developments

ACS Recognise future developments. 1 New advanced systems ALL EQPS Optional content: European ATM Master 4.1.1 Plan, European Plan for Aviation Safety

TOPIC EQPS 5 — EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS’ LIMITATIONS AND DEGRADATION Subtopic EQPS 5.1 — Reaction to limitations

ACS Take account of the limitations of 2 ALL EQPS equipment and systems. 5.1.1 ACS Respond to technical deficiencies of the 3 Notification procedures, responsibilities ALL EQPS operational position. 5.1.2

Subtopic EQPS 5.2 — Communication equipment degradation

ACS Identify that communication equipment 3 Optional content: ground–air and landline APP EQPS has degraded. communications ACP 5.2.1 APS ACS ACS Apply contingency procedures in the 3 Optional content: procedures for total or ALL EQPS event of communication equipment partial degradation of ground–air and 5.2.2 degradation. landline communications, alternative

methods of transferring data

Subtopic EQPS 5.3 — Navigational equipment degradation

ACS Identify when a navigational equipment 3 Optional content: navigational aids, ALL EQPS failure will affect operational ability. ‘European GNSS Contingency/Reversion 5.3.1 Handbook for PBN Operations’

TOPIC EQPS 5 — EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS’ LIMITATIONS AND DEGRADATION

ACS Apply contingency procedures in the 3 Optional content: vertical separation, ALL EQPS event of navigational equipment information to aircraft, navigational 5.3.2 degradation. assistance, seeking assistance from

adjacent units

Subtopic EQPS 5.4 — Surveillance equipment degradation

ACS Identify that surveillance equipment has 3 Partial power failure, loss of certain APS EQPS degraded. facilities, total failure ACS 5.4.1 ACS Apply contingency procedures in the 3 Optional content: inform adjacent sectors, APS EQPS event of surveillance equipment inform aircraft, apply vertical separation ACS 5.4.2 degradation. (emergency), increased horizontal

separation, reduce the number of aircraft entering area of responsibility, transfer aircraft to another unit

Subtopic EQPS 5.5 — ATC processing system degradation

ACS Identify processing system degradation. 3 Optional content: FDPS, SDPS, software APS EQPS processing of situation display ACS 5.5.1 ACS Apply contingency procedures in the 3 APS EQPS event of processing system degradation. ACS 5.5.2

SUBJECT 8: PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT

TOPIC PEN 1 — FAMILIARISATION Subtopic PEN 1.1 — Study visit to an area control centre

ACS Appreciate the functions and provision 3 Study visit to an area control centre ACP PEN of operational area control service. ACS 1.1.1

TOPIC PEN 2 — AIRSPACE USERS Subtopic PEN 2.1 — Contributors to civil ATS operations

ACS Characterise civil ATS activities in area 2 Study visit to an area control centre ACP PEN control centre. Optional content: familiarisation visits to ACS 2.1.1 TWR, APP, AIS, RCC ACS Characterise other parties interfacing 2 Optional content: familiarisation visits to ALL PEN with ATS operations. engineering services, firefighting and 2.1.2 emergency services, airline operations

offices

Subtopic PEN 2.2 — Contributors to military ATS operations

ACS Characterise military ATS activities. 2 Optional content: familiarisation visits to ALL PEN TWR, APP, ACC, AIS, RCC, air defence units 2.2.1

TOPIC PEN 3 — CUSTOMER RELATIONS Subtopic PEN 3.1 — Provision of services and user requirements

ACS Appreciate the role of an air navigation 3 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 ALL PEN service provider. 3.1.1 ACS Appreciate ATS users’ requirements. 3 ALL PEN 3.1.2

TOPIC PEN 4 — ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Subtopic PEN 4.1 — Environmental protection

ACS Appreciate the mitigation techniques 3 Optional content: free route airspace ACS PEN used en-route to minimise aviation’s (FRA), night/weekend routes, continuous 4.1.1 impact on the environment. descent operations (CDO), continuous

climb operations (CCO), ICAO Doc 10013 — Operational Opportunities to reduce fuel burn and emissions

SUBJECT 9: ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

TOPIC ABES 1 — ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ABES) Subtopic ABES 1.1 — Overview of ABES

ACS List common abnormal and emergency 1 Optional content: EATM Guidelines for ALL ABES situations. Controller Training in the Handling of 1.1.1 Unusual/Emergency Situations,

ambulance flights, ground-based safety nets alerts, airframe failure, unreliable instruments, runway incursion, GNSS failure

ACS Identify potential or actual abnormal 3 ALL ABES and emergency situations. 1.1.2 ACS Take into account the procedures for 2 Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 APP ABES given abnormal and emergency ACP 1.1.3 situations. APS ACS ACS Take into account that procedures do 2 Optional content: real-life examples ALL ABES not exist for all abnormal and 1.1.4 emergency situations. ACS Consider how the evolution of a 2 Optional content: separation, information, ALL ABES situation may have an impact on safety. coordination 1.1.5

TOPIC ABES 2 — SKILLS IMPROVEMENT Subtopic ABES 2.1 — Communication effectiveness

ACS Ensure effective communication in all 4 Phraseology, vocabulary, readback, radio ALL ABES circumstances including the case where silence instruction 2.1.1 standard phraseology is not applicable. ACS Apply change of radiotelephony call 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES sign. Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444 2.1.2

Subtopic ABES 2.2 — Avoidance of mental overload

ACS Describe actions to keep the situation 2 Optional content: sector-splitting, holding, ALL ABES under control. flow management, task delegation 2.2.1 ACS Organise priority of actions. 4 ALL ABES 2.2.2 ACS Ensure the effective dissemination of 4 Optional content: between executive and ALL ABES information. planner/coordinator, with the supervisor, 2.2.3 between sectors, between ACC, APP and TWR, with ground staff, etc. ACS Consider asking for help. 2 ALL ABES 2.2.4

Subtopic ABES 2.3 — Air–ground cooperation

ACS Collect appropriate information relevant 3 ALL ABES to the situation. 2.3.1 ACS Assist the pilot. 3 Pilot workload ALL ABES Optional content: instructions, 2.3.2 information, support, human factors, etc.

TOPIC ABES 3 — PROCEDURES FOR ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ABES) Subtopic ABES 3.1 — Application of procedures for ABES

ACS Apply the procedures for given 3 Optional content: EATM Guidelines for ALL ABES abnormal and emergency situations. Controller Training in the Handling of 3.1.1 Unusual/Emergency Situations,

ambulance flights, ground-based safety nets alerts, airframe failure

Subtopic ABES 3.2 — Radio failure

ACS Describe the procedures to be followed 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES by a pilot when experiencing complete Optional content: ICAO Doc 4444, military 3.2.1 or partial radio failure. procedures, simulator operation

procedures

ACS Apply the procedures to be followed 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES when a pilot experiences complete or Optional content: prolonged loss of 3.2.2 partial radio failure. communication

Subtopic ABES 3.3 — Unlawful interference and aircraft bomb threat

ACS Apply ATC procedures associated with 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES unlawful interference and aircraft bomb Optional content: simulator operation 3.3.1 threat. procedures

Subtopic ABES 3.4 — Strayed or unidentified aircraft

TOPIC ABES 3 — PROCEDURES FOR ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ABES)

ACS Apply the procedures for strayed 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES aircraft. Optional content: inside controlled 3.4.1 airspace, outside controlled airspace ACS Apply the procedures for unidentified 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES aircraft. 3.4.2

Subtopic ABES 3.5 — Diversion

ACS Provide navigational assistance to 4 Track/heading, distance, other APP ABES aircraft diverting in emergency. navigational assistance ACP 3.5.1 Optional content: nearest most suitable APS aerodrome ACS

Subtopic ABES 3.6 — Transponder failure

ACS Apply procedures in the event of an SSR 3 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 APS ABES transponder failure. Optional content: total/partial failure, ACS 3.6.1 impact on ADS-B/Mode S capability

Subtopic ABES 3.7 — Interception of civil aircraft

ACS Explain the procedures in the event of 2 Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 ALL ABES interception of civil aircraft. 3.7.1

GM1 ATCO.D.010 Composition of initial training

GENERAL

(a) Initial training consists of basic training which is common to all applicants and rating training of which there are six different rating syllabi. (b) Rating training may be commenced before the completion of the basic training. (c) If an applicant already holds a student air traffic controller licence or an air traffic controller licence, and there is a requirement for training to achieve an additional rating (and, if relevant, rating endorsement), the applicant should not repeat the basic training objectives; however, there is a requirement to achieve the objectives contained within the relevant rating training plus any additional objectives specific to the local or national environment. AMC1 ATCO.D.025(c);(d) Basic training examinations and assessment REQUIRED COMPETENCIES FOR BASIC TRAINING The assessment should be based on the competencies defined in point ATCO.D.025(c) and on the following associated minimum observable behaviours (OBs):

Competencies OBs for BASIC TRAINING

1. Situational awareness OB 1.1 Monitors traffic in own area of responsibility OB 1.2 Checks and uses available tools to scan and comprehend operational situations

Competencies OBs for BASIC TRAINING

OB 1.3 Processes the information acquired from monitoring and scanning to maintain situational awareness 2. Traffic and capacity management OB 2.1 Uses prescribed procedures OB 2.2 Issues appropriate clearances, instructions and traffic information in a timely manner OB 2.3 Uses basic techniques to safely manage the traffic (e.g. identification, vectoring, traffic sequencing, assigning levels) 3. Separation and conflict resolution OB 3.1 Identifies potential traffic conflicts OB 3.2 Chooses the appropriate separation method OB 3.3 Applies the selected method appropriately OB 3.4 Issues clearances and instructions to ensure that separation is maintained OB 3.5 Monitors the execution of separation actions 4. Communication OB 4.1 Speaks clearly, accurately and concisely OB 4.2 Uses standard radiotelephony phraseology, when prescribed OB 4.3 Verifies accuracy of readbacks and if necessary, corrects 5. Coordination OB 5.1 Recognises the need for coordination OB 5.2 Applies the available means for coordination OB 5.3 Uses clear, concise terminology for verbal coordination, and if available, standard ATS message formats for non-verbal coordination

6. Self-management OB 6.1 Accepts responsibility for own performance

7. Teamwork OB 7.1 Performs duties and actions in a manner that fosters a team environment OB 7.2 Demonstrates consideration of and tolerance for other people, when applicable

AMC1 ATCO.D.025(c);(e) Basic training examinations and assessment BASIC TRAINING — REQUIRED LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE The training organisation should establish the required level of performance when assessing whether the competence required for the successful completion of basic training has been achieved (competency standard) and the specific environment in which competent performance should be demonstrated (conditions). GM1 ATCO.D.025(c);(e) Basic training examinations and assessment OBSERVABLE BEHAVIOURS (OBs) All OBs should be demonstrated. If an OB includes the phrases ‘if necessary’ or ‘when applicable’, that behaviour need only be demonstrated if the circumstances require it. In instances where the circumstances do not require that behaviour, they may be marked as ‘not applicable’. AMC1 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment REQUIRED COMPETENCIES AND COMPETENCY STANDARD FOR RATING TRAINING The assessment should be based on the competencies defined in point ATCO.D.035(c) and on the following associated minimum observable behaviours (OBs) and competency standard: Competencies Observable behaviours (OBs) 1. Situational awareness OB 1.1 Monitors traffic in own area of responsibility and in adjacent area(s) (e.g. adjacent sectors, apron) OB 1.2 Monitors the meteorological conditions that impact on own area of responsibility and on adjacent area(s) OB 1.3 Monitors the status of ATC systems and equipment OB 1.4 Acquires information from available sources (e.g. surveillance and flight data systems, meteorological data, electronic data displays, verbal requests) OB 1.5 Analyses the actual situation based on information acquired from monitoring and scanning OB 1.6 Identifies potential threats and errors OB 1.7 Verifies that information is accurate and corrects when doubt exists, if necessary 2. Traffic and capacity OB 2.1 Identifies situations that have the potential to become unsafe management OB 2.2 Uses a variety of techniques to safely and effectively manage the traffic (e.g. speed control, vectoring, traffic sequencing, assigning climb/descent rate) OB 2.3 Uses prescribed procedures OB 2.4 Issues clearances and instructions that take into account aircraft performance, airspace constraints, weather and environmental impact OB 2.5 Provides increased safety margins, if necessary OB 2.6 Issues clearances and instructions that result in an efficient traffic flow OB 2.7 Uses available tools to reduce delays and optimise flight profiles Competencies Observable behaviours (OBs) OB 2.8 Issues necessary information in a relevant, accurate and timely manner (e.g. traffic information, runway condition, weather information, status of airspace, aerodrome resources and status of facilities) OB 2.9 Issues information on potentially hazardous situations (e.g. moderate/severe turbulence, icing, wake turbulence, unauthorised traffic on a runway, collision hazard, jet blast hazard) 3. Separation and OB 3.1 Detects potential traffic conflicts conflict resolution OB 3.2 Selects the appropriate separation method OB 3.3 Applies the selected method appropriately OB 3.4 Issues clearances and instructions to ensure that separation is maintained OB 3.5 Issues clearances and instructions to resolve conflicts OB 3.6 Monitors the execution of separation actions OB 3.7 Adjusts control actions, if necessary, to maintain separation OB 3.8 Initiates corrective action to restore appropriate separation as soon as possible, if necessary OB 3.9 Resolves conflicts through coordination 4. Communication OB 4.1 Selects communication mode (e.g. radio, telephone) that takes into account the requirements of the situation, including speed, accuracy and level of detail of the communication OB 4.2 Speaks clearly, accurately and concisely OB 4.3 Uses standard radiotelephony phraseology, when prescribed OB 4.4 Uses plain language when standardised phraseology does not exist or when the situation warrants it OB 4.5 Verifies accuracy of readbacks and, if necessary, corrects OB 4.6 Adjusts verbal communication techniques to suit the situation (e.g. rate of speech, use of phonetic alphabet for clarity, words twice, separating instructions) 5. Coordination OB 5.1 Identifies the need for coordination OB 5.2 Coordinates in a timely manner OB 5.3 Coordinates using the prescribed coordination procedures (e.g. movement, control, transfer of control and changes previously coordinated for flights) Competencies Observable behaviours (OBs) OB 5.4 Coordinates changes of status of operational facilities (e.g. equipment, systems, functions) and/or status of airspace and/or aerodrome resources OB 5.5 Conducts effective handover 6. Management of non- OB 6.1 Identifies the possibility of an emergency or abnormal situation routine situations developing OB 6.2 Verifies the nature of the emergency or abnormal situation, where ambiguity exists OB 6.3 Provides appropriate assistance 7. Problem-solving and OB 7.1 Uses appropriate tools to assist in determining possible solutions decision-making to a problem OB 7.2 Ensures a safe and efficient solution to a problem OB 7.3 Prioritises actions in an appropriate order OB 7.4 Applies an appropriate mitigation strategy for the threats and/or errors identified (e.g. increased vertical separation in case of CAT, goaround if RWY is blocked, etc.) 8. Self-management OB 8.1 Accepts responsibility for own performance OB 8.2 Evaluates the effectiveness of actions and feedback for improving performance, when applicable OB 8.3 Maintains self-control in changing and/or adverse situations 9. Workload OB 9.1 Manages tasks effectively in response to current and future management workload OB 9.2 Manages interruptions and distractions effectively OB 9.3 Delegates tasks to reduce workload, if necessary OB 9.4 Integrates assistance if offered or requested, and if necessary, to reduce workload OB 9.5 Adjusts the pace of work according to workload OB 9.6 Uses ATS equipment to perform tasks in an efficient and timely manner (e.g. strip marking, updating radar labels, use of automated functions) 10. Teamwork OB 10.1 Demonstrates consideration of and tolerance for other people, if necessary OB 10.2 Ensures that actions and duties are carried out in a manner that fosters a team environment OB 10.3 Responds appropriately to the needs of others Competencies Observable behaviours (OBs) COMPETENCY STANDARD The candidate should meet the following competency standard: 1. Safety should be ensured by the candidate. No unsafe outcomes should be caused by the action(s) or inaction(s) of the candidate at any time. 2. Integrated performance of all the competencies should be achieved. 3. All observable behaviours should be demonstrated. If an observable behaviour includes the phrases ‘if necessary’ or ‘when applicable’, that behaviour need only be demonstrated if the circumstances require it. In instances where the circumstances do not require that behaviour, they may be marked as ‘not applicable’. 4. The observable behaviours associated with the competency ‘Separation and conflict resolution’ should always be demonstrated in all instances when the context requires them. 5. The observable behaviours associated with all competencies (except ‘Separation and conflict resolution’) should almost always be demonstrated in all instances when the context requires them. AMC2 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment AERODROME CONTROL (ADC) RATING — CONDITIONS The conditions defined as acceptable when assessing whether or not competence for the issue of an ADC rating has been demonstrated are as follows: Conditions for the ADC rating The candidate will be able to consistently demonstrate, without any assistance or prompts from the assessor, integrated performance of all the competencies under the following conditions: SIMULATED The environment should include: ENVIRONMENT 1. a control zone, Simulated aerodrome 2. at least one instrument runway with at least three runway holding control services positions, environment that 3. at least one taxiway that is parallel to the runway, provides a view of the 4. at least one apron, movement area and 5. one approach control unit above the CTR, the aerodrome traffic 6. at least a portion of uncontrolled airspace adjacent to the CTR. The CTR is Class C or D airspace. TRAFFIC 1. Flight rules: mix of IFR and VFR flights. Each assessed exercise, 2. Aerodrome traffic: arrivals, departures, transiting flights and other of at least 45 minutes, aerodrome traffic (e.g. circuit traffic/vehicles, etc.). should include, as a 3. Aircraft types: heavy and medium jets, medium turboprops, light minimum, the aircraft and helicopters. following traffic inside 4. Traffic levels: at least 24 aircraft movements. If the duration of the controlled airspace: assessment is increased, the number of aircraft movements should be increased proportionally. 5. Peak traffic: at least 5 aircraft and/or vehicles will generate conflicts and/or actions simultaneously during the peak of the exercise. 6. Traffic scenarios should include: a. arriving and departing aircraft with different wake turbulence and performance specifications, b. consecutive IFR departures with faster aircraft following slower aircraft, c. consecutive IFR arrivals, d. integration of IFR arrivals and departures on the same runway, e. VFR departing and leaving the CTR, f. VFR arrival from outside the CTR, g. VFR transiting the CTR, h. integration of VFR aircraft in/through the aerodrome traffic circuit from the entry points and visual holdings, i. management of aircraft being towed or repositioning (i.e. not landing or departing) and vehicles on the manoeuvring area, j. vehicle entering or crossing the runway-in-use. SITUATIONS 1. IFR missed approach Each assessed exercise 2. Runway incursion should include, as a 3. Aborted take-off minimum, one of the 4. Special VFR flight following situations: 5. Circling 6. Blocked taxiway 7. Degraded systems and/or equipment 8. Any other non-routine situation WORKING POSITION The aerodrome controller provides all aerodrome control services from a CONFIGURATION single working position. TOOLS AND 1. Voice communication panel EQUIPMENT 2. Aerodrome lighting panel 3. Support information (e.g. maps, weather, airspace reservation, etc.) and the navigation equipment status system With the use of at least 4. Electronic/paper flight progress strip/list the following tools and equipment: APPLICABLE 1. Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 STANDARDS AND Regulation (EU) 2017/373 PROCEDURES Regulation (EU) No 376/2014 2. ADC Simulator Local Operating Procedures AMC3 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment APPROACH CONTROL PROCEDURAL (APP) RATING — CONDITIONS The conditions defined as acceptable when assessing whether or not competence for the issue of an APP rating has been demonstrated are as follows: Conditions for the APP rating The candidate will be able to consistently demonstrate, without any assistance or prompts from the assessor, integrated performance of all the competencies under the following conditions: SIMULATED The environment should include: ENVIRONMENT 1. control area, Simulated approach 2. holding pattern(s), control procedural 3. arrival and departure routes, services environment 4. precision and non-precision approach procedures, 5. an adjacent area control sector, 6. a portion of uncontrolled airspace adjacent to the APP sector, 7. at least one airport below the approach sector with a CTR. The approach sector should be notified as Class C or D airspace. TRAFFIC 1. Flight rules: mostly IFR traffic with at least one VFR flight. Each assessed 2. Flight profiles: mix of arrivals, departures and at least one transiting exercise, of at least 45 flight. minutes, should 3. Aircraft types: heavy and medium jets, medium turboprops, light include, as a minimum, aircraft. the following traffic 4. Traffic levels: at least 9 aircraft. If the duration of the assessment is inside controlled increased, the number of aircraft should be increased proportionally. airspace: 5. Traffic scenarios should include: a. at least two instances of an inbound versus outbound conflict, b. aircraft with different performance specifications requiring coordination and the use of procedural separation, c. at least two successive departures, d. at least two successive arrivals, e. aircraft arriving from or departing to uncontrolled airspace. SITUATIONS 1. Adverse weather Each assessed exercise 2. Runway change should include, as a 3. Diversion with no emergency minimum, one of the 4. IFR missed approach following situations: 5. Degraded systems and/or equipment 6. Any other non-routine situation appropriate to procedural environment WORKING POSITION The executive controller provides all services from a single working CONFIGURATION position. TOOLS AND 1. Voice communication panel EQUIPMENT 2. Electronic/paper flight progress strip/list With the use of at 3. Support information (e.g. maps, weather information, airspace least the following reservation, aircraft progress visualisation aid, etc.) and the tools and equipment: navigation equipment status system APPLICABLE 1. Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 STANDARDS AND Regulation (EU) 2017/373 PROCEDURES Regulation (EU) No 376/2014 2. APP Simulator Local Operating Procedures AMC4 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment AREA CONTROL PROCEDURAL (ACP) RATING — CONDITIONS The conditions defined as acceptable when assessing whether or not competence for the issue of an ACP rating has been demonstrated are as follows: Conditions for the ACP rating The candidate will be able to consistently demonstrate, without any assistance or prompts from the assessor, integrated performance of all the competencies under the following conditions: SIMULATED The environment shall include: ENVIRONMENT 1. at least one airport within the lateral boundaries of the ACP sector, Simulated area control 2. at least one approach control sector below the CTA, procedural services 3. a portion of airspace below the CTA that is uncontrolled airspace. environment TRAFFIC 1. Traffic rules: mostly IFR traffic with occasional VFR flights or military Each assessed exercise, jets. of at least 45 minutes, 2. Traffic profiles: mix of overflights, arrivals and departures. should include, as a 3. Aircraft types: heavy and medium jets, medium turboprops. minimum, the 4. Traffic levels: at least 12 aircraft. If the duration of the assessment is following traffic inside increased, the number of aircraft should be increased proportionally. controlled airspace: 5. Traffic scenarios shall include: a. a conflict involving a descending aircraft, b. a conflict involving the use of longitudinal separation, c. a conflict involving the use of lateral separation, d. a conflict requiring coordination with the approach control sector or neighbouring sectors, e. traffic descending into uncontrolled airspace. SITUATIONS 1. Level change requests due to turbulence Each assessed exercise 2. Diversion with no emergency should include, as a 3. Any non-routine situation appropriate to the procedural environment minimum, one of the following situations: WORKING POSITION The executive controller provides all services from a single working CONFIGURATION position. TOOLS AND 1. Voice communication panel EQUIPMENT 2. Electronic/paper flight progress strip/list With the use of at 3. Support information system (e.g. maps, weather information, least the following airspace reservation, aircraft progress visualisation aid, etc.) and tools and equipment: navigation equipment status system APPLICABLE 1. Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 STANDARDS AND Regulation (EU) 2017/373 PROCEDURES Regulation (EU) No 376/2014 2. ACP Simulator Local Operating Procedures AMC5 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment APPROACH CONTROL SURVEILLANCE (APS) RATING — CONDITIONS The conditions defined as acceptable when assessing whether or not competence for the issue of an APS rating has been demonstrated are as follows: Conditions for the APS rating The candidate will be able to consistently demonstrate, without any assistance or prompts from the assessor, integrated performance of all the competencies under the following conditions: SIMULATED The environment should include: ENVIRONMENT 1. control area, Simulated approach 2. holding pattern(s), control surveillance 3. arrival and departure routes, services environment 4. precision and non-precision approach procedures, 5. an adjacent area control sector, 6. a portion of uncontrolled airspace adjacent to the APS sector, 7. at least one airport below the approach sector with a CTR. The approach sector should be notified as Class C or D airspace. TRAFFIC 1. Flight rules: mostly IFR traffic with at least one VFR flight. Each assessed exercise, 2. Flight profiles: mix of arrivals, departures and transiting flights. of at least 45 minutes, 3. Aircraft types: heavy and medium jets, medium turboprops, light should include, as a aircraft. minimum, the 4. Traffic levels: at least 20 aircraft. If the duration of the assessment is following traffic inside increased, the number of aircraft should be increased proportionally. controlled airspace: 5. Peak traffic: at least 5 aircraft will generate conflicts and/or actions simultaneously during the peak of the exercise. 6. Traffic scenarios should include: a. aircraft conflicts with different wake turbulence categories, b. aircraft conflicts with different performance specifications (e.g. fast aircraft following a slow aircraft), c. conflict between arriving and departing aircraft, d. conflict between arriving or departing aircraft with a transiting aircraft, e. sequencing of conflicting aircraft to the landing runway, f. situation that requires the integration of aircraft approaching from uncontrolled airspace, g. situation that requires the provision of flight information service to VFR (inside or outside controlled airspace). SITUATIONS 1. Adverse weather Each assessed exercise 2. IFR missed approach should include, as a 3. ILS failure minimum, one of the 4. Activation of TSA/TRA (e.g. paragliding activities) following situations: 5. Navigation assistance to an aircraft 6. OAT or priority flight (e.g. air ambulance, search and rescue) 7. Degraded systems and/or equipment 8. Any non-routine situation WORKING POSITION The executive controller provides all services from a single working CONFIGURATION position. TOOLS AND 1. Surveillance system (with Mode S) EQUIPMENT 2. Voice communication panel With the use of at 3. OLDI least the following 4. STCA and/or MTCA systems tools and equipment: 5. Support information (e.g. maps, weather information, airspace reservation, etc.) and navigation equipment status system 6. Flight data processing system 7. Electronic/paper flight progress strip/list APPLICABLE 1. Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 STANDARDS AND Regulation (EU) 2017/373 PROCEDURES Regulation (EU) No 376/2014 2. APS Simulator Local Operating Procedures AMC6 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment AREA CONTROL SURVEILLANCE (ACS) RATING — CONDITIONS The conditions defined as acceptable when assessing whether or not competence for the issue of an ACS rating has been demonstrated are as follows. Conditions for the ACS rating The candidate will be able to consistently demonstrate, without any assistance or prompts from the assessor, integrated performance of all the competencies under the following conditions: SIMULATED The simulated environment should include: ENVIRONMENT 1. at least one airport within the lateral boundaries of the ACS sector, Simulated area control 2. other airports below the adjacent sectors, surveillance services 3. RVSM airspace. environment TRAFFIC 1. Flight rules: IFR traffic as a minimum (optionally VFR traffic). Each assessed exercise, 2. Flight profiles: mix of overflights, arrivals and departures with at least of at least 45 minutes, 50 % of the total aircraft to climb or descent. should include, as a 3. Aircraft types: heavy and medium jets, medium turboprops, business minimum, the jets, high-performance military jets, light aircraft. following traffic inside 4. Traffic levels: at least 28 aircraft. If the duration of the assessment is controlled airspace: increased, the number of aircraft should be increased proportionally. 5. Peak traffic: at least 6 aircraft will generate conflicts and/or actions simultaneously during the peak of the exercise. 6. Traffic scenarios should include: a. conflicting aircraft on the same track, b. conflicting aircraft climbing/descending through the level of other aircraft on same, crossing and opposite tracks, c. crossing conflicts on bi-directional tracks, d. converging aircraft requiring actions to meet transfer-of-control requirements, with at least one fast aircraft following a slower one, e. manage multiple aircraft descending into a lower and adjacent sector, f. integration of departing aircraft with en-route traffic, g. conflict between aircraft that requires coordination between two vertically adjacent sectors (e.g. approach sector or area sector). 7. The scenarios in 1 to 6 above should take place in an airspace volume of 120 NM × 130 NM × 17 000 ft or smaller. The volume may be of any uninterrupted shape. SITUATIONS 1. Adverse weather Each assessed exercise 2. Level change requests due to turbulence should include, as a 3. Level bust TCAS RA minimum, one of the 4. Diversion with the METAR request (no emergency) following situations: 5. Degraded systems and/or equipment 6. Any non-routine situation WORKING POSITION The executive controller and the planner controller provide all services CONFIGURATION from two adjacent positions in identical configuration. TOOLS AND 1. Surveillance radar system (with Mode S) EQUIPMENT 2. Voice communication panel With the use of at 3. OLDI least the following 4. STCA and/or MTCA systems tools and equipment: 5. Support information system (e.g. maps, weather information, airspace reservation, etc.) 6. Flight data processing system 7. Electronic/paper flight progress strip/list APPLICABLE 1. Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 STANDARDS AND Regulation (EU) 2017/373 PROCEDURES Regulation (EU) No 376/2014 2. ACS Simulator Local Operating Procedures GM1 ATCO.D.035(a) Rating training examinations and assessment A minimum of two consecutive, different assessment exercises is suggested for rating training courses. This number satisfies the CBTA principle in point ATCO.D.003(b)(3) that the assessment of competencies is based on multiple observations across multiple contexts. For the ACS rating, a minimum of two consecutive, different assessment exercises is suggested for each position (executive and planner position). GM1 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment REQUIRED COMPETENCIES FOR RATING TRAINING The combination of the competencies detailed in point ATCO.D.035(c), the observable behaviours (OBs) and the competency standard detailed in AMC1 ATCO.D.035(c);(e), and the conditions detailed in AMC2 to AMC6 to ATCO.D.035(c);(e) constitute an adapted competency model (ACM). The ACM (competencies, OBs, conditions and competency standard) for each rating describes the assessment context for the purpose of determining whether the candidate is able to demonstrate the required competence for a specific rating. Nonetheless, the rating training programme will contain more training objectives than those assessed during the assessment exercises. Examples are provided below as regards the articulation between training objectives and the assessment exercises: Example 1: While the training objectives for all ratings require handover and takeover to be trained, the observable behaviour in the ACM only requires a handover to be demonstrated (OB 5.5). From a practical perspective, most assessment exercises typically do not start with a controller in position and from which the candidate could demonstrate a realistic takeover. Consequently, the assessment only requires that a handover be performed. This could easily be achieved at the end of the assessment exercise with the candidate ‘handing over’ to the assessor. Example 2: While the training objectives for all ratings require students to be trained to respond to pilot notifications of actions based on airborne system warnings (ACAS and/or TAWS), the conditions for the assessment sessions do not specifically require this to be demonstrated. Nonetheless, the SITUATIONS category of the conditions does allow a training organisation to optionally include a response to airborne system warnings in the assessment exercise(s), if they consider this important for their environment. Example 3: Management of non-routine situations — the OBs for this competence do not include the behaviours associated with managing degraded modes of operation. Nonetheless, the initial training topic, dealing with ‘Equipment and systems limitations and degradation’, requires the student to be trained to manage communication, navigation and, when appropriate, surveillance and ATC processing system degradation. While this is not included in the assessment exercises for the purposes of determining competence for the issuance of the rating, providers of initial training courses may decide to evaluate the performance of the student when managing emergency situations and degraded modes of operation as a prerequisite to undertaking the assessment. The existing observable behaviours already enable the management of emergency situations; however, the following observable behaviours may additionally be used to evaluate the management of degraded modes of operation: OB — Identifies that ATS systems and/or equipment have degraded. OB — Assesses the impact of the degradation on operations. OB — Uses prescribed procedures for degraded modes of operation. OB 1.5 This behaviour may be challenging to observe in order to assess whether the candidate demonstrates competent performance; however, the absence of this behaviour will be evident in the candidate’s subsequent actions. Consequently, the presence of this behaviour may be inferred from the demonstration of competent performance. OB 1.6 Further information on threat and error management to support OB 1.6 may be obtained from ICAO Circular 314 ‘Threat and Error Management (TEM)’ in air traffic control. Possible examples of threats and errors include high traffic volumes, mountainous terrain, complex airspace infrastructure, complex ATC procedures, adverse weather, unserviceable navigational equipment, flight crew unfamiliar with airport or procedures. OB 2.7 This OB does not require any additional tools that specifically optimise arrival or departure sequences such as AMAN (Arrival Manager) or DMAN (Departure Manager). Instead, this behaviour relates to the generic tools that are typically available, such as speed vectors and surface movement radars. If, as may be the case for the procedural ratings, there are no tools available that support reducing delays or optimising flight profiles, this OB is not applicable. OB 3.8 This OB is included to ensure that if the required separation minima are lost, the candidate will take action to restore them as soon as possible, irrespective of the circumstances that caused it. Circumstances may include failure of flight crew to comply with instructions, misunderstanding, emergency descent, or the actions of the candidate themselves. This is an OB that is required to be demonstrated only if the circumstance results in a reduction of separation. OB 8.2 This behaviour may be observed when a candidate self-corrects, namely does not repeat poor decisions, prioritisation errors or mistakes. If the performance of the candidate is such that there is no suboptimal performance, then this OB is marked as ‘not necessary’. OB 9.3 The performance of the candidate may be such that there is no need for them to delegate tasks. In this case, the OB is marked as ‘not necessary’. OBs 10.1 to 10.3 Teamwork may be interpreted widely, with behaviours being demonstrated in relation to any personnel the candidate interacts with, e.g. adjacent sector personnel, airport personnel, pilots, etc. COMPETENCY STANDARD The competency standard applies to both the overall performance and the level of performance for each competency during the assessment. Initial training organisations develop their own grading scheme to manifest the competency standard. The phrase ‘almost always’ applies to all competencies except ‘Separation and conflict resolution’. ‘Almost always’ means that a small number of omissions of observable behaviours that do not result in a compromise in safety are permitted. An example of how to understand the application of the competency standard for ‘Separation and conflict resolution’ is detailed below: ‘A candidate has achieved the Separation and conflict resolution competency when the outcome of the performance ensures safety, and they have demonstrated all the observable behaviours associated with this competency and have done so in all instances when the context requires them’. An example of how to understand the application of the competency standard ‘Communication’ is detailed below: ‘A candidate has achieved the Communication competency when the outcome of the performance ensures safety, and they have demonstrated all the observable behaviours associated with this competency and have done so in almost all instances when the context requires them’. Use of the phrase ‘if necessary’. Observable behaviours 1.7, 2.5, 3.7, 3.8, 4.5, 8.2, 9.3, 9.4 and 10.1 contain the phrase ‘if necessary’ in their description. GM2 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment AERODROME CONTROL (ADC) RATING — CONDITIONS SIMULATED ENVIRONMENT The simulated aerodrome environment describes a minimum configuration. It is possible to have a more complex environment including parallel or cross runways; however, the assessment exercises should ensure that the traffic levels (TRAFFIC, point 4) and traffic scenarios (TRAFFIC, point 6) are respected. GM3 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment AERODROME CONTROL (ADC) RATING — CONDITIONS TRAFFIC — 4. TRAFFIC LEVELS To determine the number of ‘aircraft movements’ in the assessment exercises for the ADC rating, the following list constitutes one aircraft movement: — take-off or landing (including helicopters), — touch-and-go = 2 movements, — low approach or go-around = 1 movement, — aircraft transiting the control zone. GM4 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment AERODROME CONTROL (ADC) RATING — CONDITIONS TRAFFIC — 5. PEAK LEVELS The requirement on peak traffic is included to ensure that the candidate is exposed to multiple situations occurring at the same time so that they will be able to demonstrate their ability to manage a minimum level of complexity. The complexity is generated through the combination of traffic levels and traffic scenarios with the requirement on peak traffic, ensuring that some of these situations occur at the same time. To determine whether the requirement on peak traffic is achieved for each assessment exercise, the following method may be used. (a) Determine the time in the assessment exercise when the maximum number of aircraft are on frequency. Assume that the candidate has managed the exercise effectively up to this point. (b) Count the number of situations in which the candidate would be actively engaged within the 3 minutes before and after this time to ensure that a conflict does not arise, or if a potential conflict has been detected, it is actively managed. This includes issuing of instructions to ensure that safety is maintained, monitoring of a situation to ensure that instructions/clearances achieve or maintain the desired separation or safety, etc. The key point is to count the situations that the candidate manages/monitors simultaneously at the peak time to ensure safety. Note: Routine actions such as transferring aircraft to the next sector or to uncontrolled airspace with no other conflicting traffic would not be counted. GM5 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment APPROACH CONTROL SURVEILLANCE (ACS) — CONDITIONS TRAFFIC — 5. PEAK TRAFFIC The requirement on peak traffic is included to ensure that the candidate is exposed to multiple situations occurring at the same time so that they will be able to demonstrate their ability to manage a minimum level of complexity. The complexity is generated through the combination of traffic levels and traffic scenarios with the requirement on peak traffic, ensuring that some of these situations occur at the same time. To determine whether the requirement on peak traffic is achieved for each assessment exercise, the following method may be used. (a) Determine the time in each assessment exercise when the maximum number of aircraft are on frequency. Assume that the candidate has managed the exercise effectively up to this point. (b) Count the number of situations in which the candidate would be actively engaged within the 3 minutes before and after this time to ensure that a loss of separation does not arise, or if a potential loss of separation is detected, it is actively managed. This includes issuing of instructions to ensure separation, monitoring of a situation to ensure that instructions/ clearances achieve or maintain the desired separation, issuing instructions and monitoring compliance to ensure that critical exit conditions are met, etc. The key point is to count the situations that the candidate manages/monitors simultaneously at the peak time to ensure safety. Note: Routine actions such as transferring aircraft to the next sector with no other conflicting traffic would not be counted. GM6 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment AREA CONTROL SURVEILLANCE (ACS) RATING — CONDITIONS TRAFFIC — 1. FLIGHT RULES This is optional depending on whether the assessment includes VFR traffic. Irrespective of whether or not the assessment exercises include VFR traffic, it remains a requirement to train students in the management of VFR traffic [Training objective: ACS ATM 10.2.3]. GM7 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment AREA CONTROL SURVEILLANCE (ACS) RATING — CONDITIONS TRAFFIC — 5. PEAK TRAFFIC The requirement on peak traffic is included to ensure that the candidate is exposed to multiple situations occurring at the same time so that they will be able to demonstrate their ability to manage a minimum level of complexity. The complexity is generated through the combination of traffic levels and traffic scenarios with the requirement on peak traffic, ensuring that some of these situations occur at the same time. To determine whether the requirement on peak traffic is achieved for each assessment exercise, the following method may be used. (a) Determine the time in each assessment exercise where the maximum number of aircraft are on frequency. Assume that the candidate has managed the exercise effectively up to this point. (b) Count the number of situations in which the candidate would be actively engaged within the 3 minutes before and after this time to ensure that a loss of separation does not arise, or if a potential loss of separation is detected, it is actively managed. This includes issuing of instructions to ensure separation, monitoring of a situation to ensure that instructions/ clearances achieve or maintain the desired separation, issuing instructions and monitoring compliance to ensure that critical exit conditions are met, etc. The key point is to count the situations that the candidate manages/monitors simultaneously at the peak time to ensure safety. Note: Routine actions such as transferring aircraft to the next sector with no other conflicting traffic would not be counted. GM8 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment AREA CONTROL SURVEILLANCE (ACS) RATING — CONDITIONS TRAFFIC — 7. VOLUME WITHIN WHICH TRAFFIC SCENARIOS SHOULD OCCUR This condition ensures that the density of traffic and the consequent interaction among aircraft are adequately complex. While the lateral and vertical dimensions of the simulated sector area may be larger than 120 NM × 130 NM × 2.8 NM (17 000 ft), the traffic levels, peak traffic and traffic scenarios described in point 6 should occur within the defined volume. The lateral and vertical dimensions of the airspace volume where the scenarios occur may be smaller than what is defined; nonetheless, the requirements concerning traffic levels, peak traffic and traffic scenarios (contained in the TRAFFIC condition) should be respected. GM9 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) Rating training examinations and assessment AREA CONTROL SURVEILLANCE (ACS) RATING — CONDITIONS WORKING POSITION CONFIGURATION This condition requires the candidate to be assessed separately as an executive controller and as a planner controller, at least twice for each position. Although the observable behaviours are mostly applicable to both positions, initial training organisations may determine, based on their operational concept, which behaviours will be assessed for each position. For the determination of competence, the results of the assessments for both positions are combined. SECTION 3 – UNIT TRAINING REQUIREMENTS AMC1 ATCO.D.043(a) Principles of competency-based training and assessment for unit training RELEVANT COMPETENCIES FOR UNIT TRAINING To train an individual and assess their capacity to perform at the standard expected at a given ATC unit, the training organisation should develop an adapted competency model (ACM) suitable for the specific local environment using as a minimum the competencies for rating training, as defined in point ATCO.D.035(c). The ACM should reflect the ATS unit’s specific local environment and requirements. The selection or adaptation of the associated observable behaviours (OBs) should be based on the ICAO ATC competency framework as defined in Doc 9868 ‘Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Training’, third edition, 2020, and on an analysis of the specific environment considering the regulatory, operational, technical and organisational requirements, and considering also AMC1 ATCO.D.035(c);(e). GM1 ATCO.D.043(a) Principles of competency-based training and assessment for unit training COMPETENCIES RELEVANT FOR UNIT TRAINING The observable behaviours (OBs) included in AMC1 ATCO.D.035(c);(e) are defined for initial training and are, therefore, not sufficient to satisfy the requirements on unit training. Further guidance on OBs and the development of an adapted competency model (ACM) for unit training may be found in ICAO Doc 9868 ‘Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Training’, third edition, 2020, and in ICAO Doc 10056 ‘Manual on Air Traffic Controller Competency-based Training and Assessment’ second edition, 2022. GM1 ATCO.D.045(a) Composition of unit training If an applicant undertakes unit endorsement training, and there is a requirement for training to achieve an additional unit endorsement, the applicant should not repeat the training objectives covered in the first unit endorsement training; however, the objectives of the additional unit endorsement course(s) should be achieved. AMC1 ATCO.D.045(c)(3) Composition of unit training ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (a) Training for all identified abnormal and emergency situations should primarily take place on synthetic training devices. (b) Where a low safety risk for the ATC service provision has been identified and agreed by the competent authority, training in abnormal and emergency situations may take place by means other than synthetic training devices. (c) If the pre-on-the-job training phase is not provided, the abnormal and emergency situation training should be scenario-based and as realistic as possible while maintaining operational safety. (d) Checklists for abnormal and emergency situations used in operations should be made available to the applicant and be available at all times during scenario training. AMC1 ATCO.D.045(c)(4) Composition of unit training HUMAN FACTORS (a) Training organisations should train applicants during unit training in team resource management (TRM), fatigue management and stress management. (b) Training organisations should develop training objectives for the TRM, fatigue management and stress management training. GM1 ATCO.D.045(c)(4) Composition of unit training TRAINING IN TEAM RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (TRM) Guidance on TRM may be found in the Network Manager document ‘Team Resource Management — Guidelines for the Implementation and Enhancement of TRM’, edition 1.0 of 26 April 2021, and associated Annex A to TRM Guidance Material — TRM Modules | SKYbrary Aviation Safety and Annex B to TRM Guidance Material — Facilitator Competence and Training | SKYbrary Aviation Safety. AMC2 ATCO.D.045(c)(4) Composition of unit training

HUMAN FACTORS TRAINING

Human factors training should include, as a minimum, the following topics and related objectives: (a) Basic needs of people at work (1) List the basic needs of people at work. (2) Characterise the factors for work satisfaction. (b) Human performance (1) Describe the impact of responsibility on an air traffic controller’s actions. (2) Recognise the different responsibilities of an air traffic controller. (c) Work environment (1) Explain the reasons for automation. (2) Describe the advantages and constraints of automation. (d) Team resource management (TRM) (1) Explain the relevance of TRM. (2) Describe the content of the TRM concept. (e) Stress and fatigue management (1) Describe the fatigue and stress management policy(ies) in force (at the ATS unit). (2) Explain the procedure(s) in force for air traffic controllers to report stress and fatigue (at the ATS unit). (3) Consider the benefits of critical incident stress management (CISM). (f) Human error (1) Describe the impact an occurrence/incident may have on an air traffic controller. (2) Explain the causes and dangers of violation of rules becoming accepted as common practice. GM1 ATCO.D.055 Unit training plan

GENERAL

Guidance for the development of unit training plans can be found in EUROCONTROL’s documents ‘Guidelines for the Development of Unit Training Plans’, Edition number 1.0, dated 31.08.2005 and ‘Annex to the Guidelines for the Development of Unit Training Plans: Examples of UTP’, Edition 2.0, dated 10.06.2010. GM1 ATCO.D.055(a) Unit training plan

UNIT TRAINING PLAN FOR A REMOTE TOWER CENTRE

For the purpose of establishing a unit training plan, a ‘remote tower centre’ (RTC) (defined in the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3) may be considered as one Air Traffic Control (ATC) unit. The unit training plan of an RTC should include the list of the unit endorsement courses for all aerodromes which the RTC is providing service to. GM1 ATCO.D.055(b)(5) Unit training plan

TRAINING METHODS

Training organisations should consider a variety of methods when conducting training leading to a unit endorsement. Although this list is not exhaustive, such methods could be: — on-the-job; — lecture; — lesson/demonstration; — case study; — computer-based practical exercise; — exercise; — facilitation; — group work; — hands-on; — interactive training; — supervised practices; — part-task practice; — individual simulation; — team simulation; — group simulation; — briefing/debriefing; — structured briefing; — structured debriefing; — virtual classroom; — role play; — skill acquisition; — self-study; — self-test; — resilience training. AMC1 ATCO.D.055(b)(6) Unit training plan

DURATION OF UNIT ENDORSEMENT COURSES

(a) The on-the-job training instruction as part of the unit endorsement course should be at least of the duration specified in Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention, Sections 4.5.2.2.1(b) and (c) and 4.5.2.2.3. (b) Notwithstanding point (a), the minimum duration of the on-the-job training instruction for the surveillance radar approach rating endorsement may be partly substituted by utilising a simulator, if approved by the competent authority. (c) The approach precision radar control rating in Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention, Section 4.5.2.2.1(b), should be read in the context of this Regulation as APS-PAR rating endorsement according to point ATCO.B.015. (d) The inclusion of surveillance radar approach duties in the privileges of the approach control surveillance rating in Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention, Section 4.5.2.2.1(c), should be read in the context of this Regulation as APS-SRA rating endorsement according to point ATCO.B.015. GM1 ATCO.D.055(b)(7) Unit training plan

ADAPTING THE UNIT ENDORSEMENT COURSE(S)

When an applicant already holds the same rating for another unit, the training organisation may determine whether the unit endorsement course can be reduced, and if so, to what extent. GM1 ATCO.D.060(a)(2) Unit endorsement course ON-THE-JOB-TRAINING PHASE (a) On-the-job training may, for pedagogical reasons, be supplemented by theoretical instruction and computer-based training, as well as by the use of part-task trainers or any type of simulator, to increase knowledge, understanding and the application of local procedures or of procedures unlikely to be encountered in the operational environment. (b) Hours accumulated on approved synthetic training devices during this phase should not be counted towards the minimum duration of on-the-job training established in accordance with AMC1 ATCO.D.055(b)(6), with the exception of training in for procedures unlikely to be encountered in the operational environment during the training. AMC1 ATCO.D.060(c) Unit endorsement course

UNIT ENDORSEMENT COURSE IN UNITS THAT PROVIDE GROUND MOVEMENT SURVEILLANCE CONTROL

The training for the provision of ground movement control with the support of aerodrome surface movement guidance systems should be included in the unit endorsement course. GM1 ATCO.D.060(c) Unit endorsement course

COMPETENCIES AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS PROVIDING SERVICES TO AIRCRAFT CARRYING OUT FLIGHT TESTS

The competencies and performance criteria for air traffic controllers providing air traffic control services to aircraft carrying out flight tests should ensure that candidates manage the workload, provide air traffic services and apply specific ATC procedures to aircraft carrying out flight tests in accordance with point ATS.TR.160 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/373 laying down common requirements for providers of air traffic management / air navigation services and other air traffic management network functions and their oversight within a defined aerodrome control tower, approach control unit and/or area control centre area of responsibility. AMC2 ATCO.D.060(c) Unit endorsement course

UNIT ENDORSEMENT COURSE IN UNITS THAT PROVIDE TERMINAL CONTROL

The training for the provision of air traffic control (ATC) services with the use of any surveillance equipment to aircraft that operate in a specified terminal area and/or adjacent sectors should be included in the unit endorsement course. For area control surveillance (ACS) rating holders, the training should include objectives of initial training for the approach control surveillance (APS) rating related to terminal control. GM2 ATCO.D.060(c) Unit endorsement course TRAINING FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS PROVIDING REMOTE AERODROME AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES The unit endorsement course should enable air traffic controllers providing aerodrome control service from a ‘remote tower’ (defined in the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3) to acquire knowledge of the concept of remote aerodrome air traffic services and of the characteristics of the operating environment, to appreciate the necessity to consider the specific human factors influence on the remote aerodrome air traffic services, as well as to recognise specific abnormal situations and to manage their impact. This could be achieved by addressing the following items: (a) Introduction to remote aerodrome air traffic services; (b) Concept of remote aerodrome air traffic services (described in Chapters 3 and 4 of the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3); (c) ‘Remote tower modules’ (RTMs) (defined in the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’— Issue 3); (d) ‘Remote tower centre’ (RTC) (defined in the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3); (e) Technical enablers used for remote aerodrome air traffic services (described in Section 3.5 and Chapter 5 of the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3); and (f) Operational applications (described in Chapters 3 and 4 of the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3). (g) Operating environment. (h) Configuration of the RTM and RTC (if applicable) and modes of operation. (i) ‘Visual presentation’ (defined and described in Chapter 2 and Section 5.2 of the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3) at the RTM, for example: (1) layout and orientation; (2) technical capabilities and limitations of a ‘visual surveillance system’ (defined in the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3), including among others: (i) impact of weather conditions on site the aerodrome; (ii) end-to-end delay; (iii) frame rate; (iv) any differences in light conditions between the aerodrome and the visual presentation; (v) ‘dead’ pixels; (vi) any overlaid information and any site-specific equipment/functions such as sun filters; and (vii) seasonal settings. (j) Set-up and characteristics of the local equipment at the aerodrome, e.g. location of cameras, signalling lamp, etc. (k) Familiarisation with the physical aerodrome(s) environment and the different local stakeholders via study visit(s). (l) Local weather characteristics. (m) Human factors aspects. (n) Human factors influence on remote aerodrome air traffic services. Factors that can generate fatigue in a ‘remote tower’ environment (defined in the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3), for example: — eye strain caused by the performance of the visual presentation or by contrast in lighting against the background; — artificial light and/or lack of daylight in the RTM); and — preventing and mitigating strategies on fatigue. Procedures for degraded modes, for example: — complete or partial loss of the visual presentation; — corrupt, delayed or frozen image; — loss or degradation of the ‘binocular functionality’ (described in Section 5.2 of the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3). GM3 ATCO.D.060(c) Unit endorsement course

MULTIPLE MODE OF OPERATION

When performing ‘multiple mode of operation’ (defined and described in the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3), in addition to GM3 ATCO.D.060(c), the following items should also be considered: — Use of communication facilities (e.g. aeronautical mobile service, aeronautical fixed service and surface movement control service) for simultaneous provision of air traffic services in geographically separated areas of responsibility. — Applicable procedures for traffic management, such as traffic prioritisation, enabling multiple mode of operation. — Procedures for prioritising between aerodromes. — Procedures for the transferring/merging/splitting of aerodromes in an RTM (defined in the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3). — Different weather and light conditions at different aerodromes. — Human capabilities/limitations with regard to the simultaneous handling of more than one aerodrome and distribution of attention. GM1 ATCO.D.060(d);(e) Unit endorsement course

TRAINING FOR RATING ENDORSEMENTS

Training for rating endorsement(s) as part of the unit endorsement course may be delegated to training organisations certified for initial training. GM1 ATCO.D.065 Demonstration of theoretical knowledge and understanding

METHODS OF EXAMINATION

(a) Oral examinations and/or written/computer-based examinations should be used to demonstrate the controller’s knowledge and understanding. (1) Oral examinations The oral examination is used to test the understanding of applicable techniques and the rules governing them, particularly of unit and national air traffic control procedures. Scenario-type questioning allows examiners to gather additional evidence of how an applicant would react in circumstances that are not observable, but are nevertheless considered important to the overall operation at that ATC unit. Oral examinations will give a clear indication that the persons undertaking training know not only what they should be doing, but why they should be doing it. The oral examination requires considerable skills and it should be undertaken in a way to ensure consistency among individual examiners. (2) Written examinations The written examination is used to test theoretical knowledge and to a lesser degree the understanding of applicable techniques and the rules governing them, particularly of unit and national air traffic control procedures. It is easier to administer and to ensure the consistency of written examinations particularly when using multiple-choice questioning. Although multiple-choice questioning can test knowledge, it is not appropriate for determining what a controller would do in a particular operational situation. Written examinations can also be computer-based. (b) The most comprehensive method of testing the understanding of the person undertaking training, contrary to their possession of pure knowledge, would be a combination of written examinations that assess the knowledge of unit and national procedures, together with a separate oral examination which tests the understanding and reactions to operational situations. GM1 ATCO.D.070 Assessments during unit endorsement courses (a) Assessments should be carried out for the issue or renewal of a unit endorsement in the form of a series of assessments, as detailed in the unit training plan. (b) To carry out assessments, the assessor(s) should sit with the candidate with the purpose of observing the quality and assessing the standard of work being carried out and, if also acting as OJTI at the same time, of maintaining a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic. (c) The candidate concerned should be briefed on the conduct of the assessment. (d) For those situations where a candidate’s performance cannot be observed at the time of the assessment (e.g. low-visibility operations, snow clearing, military activity, etc.), the assessment may be supplemented by synthetic training device sessions and/or interview. (e) The oral interview is used to test the understanding of the applicable techniques and the rules governing them, particularly of unit and national air traffic control procedures. Scenario-type questioning allows the assessors to gather additional evidence of how a candidate would react in circumstances that are not observable, but are nevertheless considered important to the overall operation at a given ATC unit. (f) The results of the oral interview will give a clear indication that the candidate knows not only what he or she should be doing, but also why he or she should be doing it. It requires considerable skills, and it should be undertaken in a way to ensure consistency among individual assessors. SECTION 4 – CONTINUATION TRAINING REQUIREMENTS GM1 ATCO.D.080 Refresher training

REFRESHER TRAINING SUBJECTS

Topics for refresher training subjects may include rarely used procedures and practices, such as seasonally dependent procedures, trends and observations from occurrence reports and results of normal operations safety surveys. GM2 ATCO.D.080 Refresher training

REFRESHER TRAINING STRUCTURE

Refresher training may be developed and structured in accordance with the established duration of the unit endorsement it refreshes. This may mean structuring the refresher training in modular fashion. For instance, training in standard practices and procedures, abnormal and emergency situations and human factors may be given separately or integrated into any other modules. GM3 ATCO.D.080 Refresher training GENERAL Guidance for the development of refresher training courses can be found in EUROCONTROL’s document ‘ATC Refresher Training Manual’, Edition 1.0., dated 06.03.2015. GM1 ATCO.D.080(b) Refresher training REFRESHER TRAINING FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS PROVIDING REMOTE AERODROME AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES For air traffic controllers holding a unit endorsement for the provision of aerodrome control service from a ‘remote tower’ (defined in the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3), the refresher training should include familiarisation with the physical aerodrome environment and the different stakeholders, e.g. via study visit(s). AMC1 ATCO.D.080(b)(1);(2) Refresher training PHRASEOLOGY TRAINING Training organisations should develop objectives for phraseology. AMC2 ATCO.D.080(b)(2) Refresher training ABNORMAL SITUATION AND EMERGENCY TRAINING Abnormal situation and emergency training should be designed to expose air traffic controllers to circumstances and situations which they do not habitually or commonly experience. The essential difference from an emergency situation is that the element of danger or serious risk is not necessarily present in an abnormal situation. GM1 ATCO.D.080(b)(1);(2) Refresher training

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

Communication misunderstanding is present in many air traffic occurrences and the consistent use of approved phraseology is designed to mitigate such occurrences. For the purpose of refresher training, emphasis is, therefore, put on effective communication, including the use of approved phraseology, both for the use of standard practices and procedures and for abnormal and emergency situations training. Effective communication should make use of a variety of communication modes, including the use of appropriate phraseology and radio communication. Phraseology and radio communication training is part of the linguistic training according to ICAO; radio communication phraseology samples offer learning opportunities and foster harmonisation. AMC1 ATCO.D.080(b)(3) Refresher training

HUMAN FACTORS

(a) Training organisations should train air traffic controllers at least in team resource management, fatigue management and stress management. (b) The team resource management training may also make use of STD and/or occurrence case studies. GM1 ATCO.D.080(b)(3) Refresher training TRAINING IN TEAM RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (TRM) Guidance on team resource management can be found in the Network Manager document ‘Team Resource Management — Guidelines for the Implementation and Enhancement of TRM’, edition 1.0 of 26 April 2021, and associated Annex A to TRM Guidance Material - TRM Modules | SKYbrary Aviation Safety and Annex B to TRM Guidance Material - Facilitator Competence and Training | SKYbrary Aviation Safety). GM1 ATCO.D.085 Conversion training CONVERSION TRAINING FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS PROVIDING REMOTE AERODROME AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES In case of a transition from a ‘conventional tower’ (defined in the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3) to a ‘remote tower’ (defined in the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3), the conversion training for air traffic controllers should at least include the items listed in GM3 ATCO.D.060(c), and if applicable the items listed in GM4 ATCO.D.060(c). In case of a transition from a ‘remote tower’ to a ‘conventional tower’, the training organisation should consider possible training needs, if appropriate, required by the change of operational environment. In case of a transition from ‘single mode of operation’ (defined in the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3) to ‘multiple mode of operation’ (defined in the EASA ‘Guidance Material on remote aerodrome air traffic services’ — Issue 3), the conversion training for air traffic controllers should at least include the items listed in GM4 ATCO.D.060(c). GM1 ATCO.D.085(b) Conversion training SAFETY ASSESSMENT The need for conversion training should be identified in the safety assessment of changes to the functional system. Not all safety assessments necessarily lead to the identification of the need for conversion training. Conversion training is, however, required in the following, non-exhaustive cases, when the change modifies: — the way ATCOs operate and use equipment; — the operations manuals, referred to in point ATM/ANS.OR.B.035 of Regulation (EU) 2017/373, which are used by ATCOs; — the formal interfaces, referred to in point ATM/ANS.OR.B.005(f) of Regulation (EU) 2017/373, which affect ATCOs. Care should be taken when training operational staff ahead of the implementation of an operational change, as the behaviours they acquire during this training may not be suitable for the existing functional system. AMC1 ATCO.D.085(c)(2) Conversion training EXAMINATION OR ASSESSMENT METHODS Conversion training should be examined or assessed using the processes described in the unit competence scheme. GM1 ATCO.D.085(d) Conversion training NEW UNIT ENDORSEMENT Conversion training course(s) resulting from a change to the functional system that leads to the issue of a new unit endorsement may be, for example, applicable to: — the transition from a conventional tower to a remote tower; — airspace changes introducing modifications to the area of responsibility; or — the reorganisation of an ATC unit, for example, the move of the approach control service from an airport to an ACC or area control service from an ACC to another ACC. The conversion training course(s) leading to the issue of a new unit endorsement may be applicable only to air traffic controllers (ATCOs) that already hold the privileges of the rating/rating endorsement to be introduced within the ATC unit concerned. SECTION 5 – TRAINING OF INSTRUCTORS AND ASSESSORS AMC1 ATCO.D.090(a)(1) Training of practical instructors

SYNTHETIC TRAINING DEVICES USED FOR OJTI TRAINING

For the training of on-the-job training instructors, a part-task trainer or a simulator should be used. If the synthetic training environment does not correspond to the rating of the intended instructional environment, the applicant should practise the instructional skills in those procedures in which it is intended to provide instruction for at least one day before being assessed. GM1 ATCO.D.090(a)(1) Training of practical instructors TRAINING COURSE SYLLABUS FOR PRACTICAL INSTRUCTORS The practical instructor syllabus is divided into topics and subtopics. This structure helps to classify the objectives as illustrated in the figure below. The objectives consist of three elements: (a) The corpus, which is a description of the required performance. It always contains an action verb to ensure that the outcome is observable. The action verb is always associated with a defined taxonomy. (b) The level, which indicates numerically the taxonomy of the action verb. Action verbs are defined in point (4) of AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a) Composition of initial training. (c) The content, which may be implicit or explicit. The explicit content is written in the content field, while the implicit content is not but, instead, is implied in the corpus of the objective and other elements (topic, subtopic title, etc.). Optional content, written in italics, may be used if considered appropriate.

Figure — Illustration of an objective

AMC1 ATCO.D.090(a)(2) Training of practical instructors REFRESHER TRAINING IN PRACTICAL INSTRUCTIONAL SKILLS Refresher training in practical instructional skills should prevent knowledge and skills erosion, and, for the training of STDIs, it should be designed to maintain awareness of the current operational practices. AMC1 ATCO.D.090(a)(3) Training of practical instructors PRACTICAL INSTRUCTOR COMPETENCE ASSESSMENT The practical instructor competence assessment for an OJTI may be undertaken either in live operations or on a synthetic training device. The practical instructor competence assessment for an STDI should be undertaken on a synthetic training device. AMC2 ATCO.D.090(a)(3) Training of practical instructors METHOD(S) FOR ASSESSING THE COMPETENCE OF PRACTICAL INSTRUCTORS Training organisations should develop a method, or methods, for assessing practical instructional competencies in both initial and refresher courses. AMC3 ATCO.D.090(a)(3) Training of practical instructors REQUIRED COMPETENCIES FOR PRACTICAL INSTRUCTORS In order to adhere to the principles for competency-based training and assessment for practical instructors and assessors set out in point ATCO.D.087, the assessment should be based, as a minimum, on the following competencies and the associated observable behaviours (OBs). Competencies for practical Observable behaviours (OBs) instructors and descriptions 1. Situational awareness OB 1.1. Maintains own situational awareness while Comprehend current operational instructing situation, anticipate future events and OB 1.2 Monitors the impact of the student’s actions on the the impact of the student’s traffic situation performance on the operation OB 1.3 Monitors the impact of the student’s actions on (Note: ‘Student’ should be understood adjacent sectors as the person receiving training.) OB 1.4 Monitors the student’s actions continuously 2. Safety and efficiency management OB 2.1 Prioritises safety over teaching the students Ensure safety and efficiency of the OB 2.2 Takes action to ensure that safety is never operation during training. compromised (e.g. corrects errors, takes over control, mitigates for student cognitive overload, fatigue, acute stress, etc.) OB 2.3. Ensures an orderly and efficient flow of traffic including impact on adjacent sectors/units, when applicable OB 2.4. Manages own and the student’s workload to ensure safe and efficient operations (e.g. sector splitting, increased spacing, adapting instructional techniques) 3. Mentoring OB 3.1 Promotes positive working relationships Support the student’s integration into OB 3.2 Encourages a positive approach to learning the professional environment by OB 3.3 Encourages the student to self-reflect on strengths mentoring, advising, guiding and and areas for improvement creating a positive learning experience. 4. Teaching, instructing and coaching OB 4.1 Prepares for the training session and briefs the Provide instruction and facilitate student prior to taking over the operational position learning in the operational and OB 4.2 Ensures that goals and associated standards for the synthetic training environment. session are communicated OB 4.3 Ensures that the student understands the operational situation prior to assuming control Competencies for practical Observable behaviours (OBs) instructors and descriptions OB 4.4 Maintains appropriate seating position and proximity to the student OB 4.5 Uses training techniques to enable learning (e.g. talk-aloud problem-solving techniques, demonstration, immediate bad habit correction, student’s involvement, questioning techniques) OB 4.6 Responds to student behaviours (e.g. stress, fatigue, under-confidence, over-confidence) that may influence learning, when appliable OB 4.7 Confirms understanding (e.g. by using questioning techniques) of the student’s intended actions and plans and, when appropriate, encourages the student to execute their own decisions OB 4.8 Determines correctly when it is necessary to take control from the student, when applicable OB 4.9 Ensures that control is taken in a positive manner and the learning process is not compromised, when applicable OB 4.10 Provides constructive and balanced feedback in a timely and respectful manner OB 4.11 Debriefs the student by discussing both positive actions and areas for improvement Competencies for practical Observable behaviours (OBs) instructors and descriptions 5. Communication OB 5.1 Listens actively Communicate effectively with the OB 5.2 Speaks clearly and accurately in a calm, measured student in verbal, non-verbal and manner written form OB 5.3 Adjusts speech techniques to suit the operational and/or instructional situation (e.g. conveys a sense of urgency, speaks calmly) OB 5.4 Adapts the content of communication to the needs of the student (e.g. chooses the most relevant issues, does not overload with too much information) OB 5.5 Interacts and asks questions in a way that does not distract the student from current tasks OB 5.6 Delivers difficult messages with tact and sensitivity, when applicable OB 5.7 Writes evidence-based comprehensive reports on the student’s performance, including recommendations for improvement 6. Assessment OB 6.1 Gathers factual evidence of the student’s Assess the performance of the student performance against the objectives and for the relevant for the purposes of enabling learning competencies and monitoring progress. OB 6.2 Assesses the student’s performance against the relevant competencies OB 6.3 Analyses poor performance to determine root causes, when applicable 7. Ethics and integrity OB 7.1 Treats the student respectfully and fairly Demonstrate openness, respect and OB 7.2 Answers questions without embellishment or fairness towards the student, and attempt to cover up a lack of knowledge consider the consequences when making a decision or taking action. GM1 ATCO.D.090(a)(3) Training of practical instructors REQUIRED COMPETENCIES FOR PRACTICAL INSTRUCTORS Several additional competencies and observable behaviours (OBs) used for the assessment during the training of practical instructors may be relevant to maintaining the competency of practical instructor endorsement holders. Competencies for practical instructors Observable behaviours (OBs) 1. Situational awareness OB 1.5 Monitors the student’s behaviour for physical signs of cognitive overload, fatigue or acute stress 2. Safety and efficiency management 3. Mentoring OB 3.4 Develops a rapport (positive professional relationship) with the student and provides encouragement and support OB 3.5 Demonstrates empathy and understanding, recognising situations when extra support is required OB 3.6 Encourages the student to look for positive learning experiences from each training session, even from those that did not go well OB 3.7 Encourages the student to extract maximum training value from any feedback, including negative points and to appreciate ownership and responsibility for the training outcome OB 3.8 Appreciates ownership and responsibility for the training outcome OB 3.9 Encourages the student to ask questions as part of the overall learning experience OB 3.10 Helps the student to build and maintain confidence through encouragement and motivation 4. Teaching, instructing and coaching OB 4.12 Adapts training techniques and style to meet the needs of the student OB 4.13 Ensures appropriate timing of teaching opportunities OB 4.14 Encourages the student to make decisions appropriate to their level of competency and experience OB 4.15 Helps the student to develop strategies for improvement to overcome any gaps in competencies Competencies for practical instructors Observable behaviours (OBs) 5. Communication OB 5.8 Encourages constructive discussion about the student’s performance OB 5.9 Explains complex situations clearly (e.g. traffic situations, application of procedures, management of emergencies) OB 5.10 Explains cognitive strategies clearly (e.g. how to analyse situations, prioritise, select a course of action, distributed attention) 6. Assessment OB 6.4 Determines remedial actions required to address deficiencies in performance, when applicable 7. Ethics and integrity OB 7.3 Maintains privacy and confidentiality, when applicable 8. Collaboration OB 8.1 Gathers relevant information in advance for the purpose of tailoring the training approach and of maximising productivity of the training session (e.g. from the training organisation, human resources department, previous training reports) OB 8.2 Coordinates with the student and other parties for the purpose of tailoring the training approach OB 8.3 Asks for help when the student needs additional support in training, when required (e.g. from an experienced practical instructor or training team, additional practice on simulator, counselling) OB 8.4 Contributes information on the student’s progress to the training team 9. Self-evaluation OB 9.2 Improves performance based on feedback OB 9.3 Improves performance through selfevaluation of the effectiveness of actions OB 9.4 Maintains self-control in challenging training situations OB 9.5 Responds as needed to deal with the demands of challenging training situations OB 9.6 Appreciates the need for continuous improvement and refresher training activities GM2 ATCO.D.090(a)(3) Training of practical instructors OBSERVABLE BEHAVIOURS (OBs) All OBs should be demonstrated. If an OB includes the phrase ‘when applicable’, that behaviour need only be demonstrated if the circumstances require it. In instances where the circumstances do not require that behaviour, they may be marked as ‘not applicable’. AMC1 ATCO.D.095(a)(2) Training of assessors REFRESHER TRAINING IN ASSESSMENT SKILLS Refresher training in assessment skills should prevent knowledge and skills erosion and it should be designed to maintain skills in assessment techniques and awareness of the regulatory environment. GM1 ATCO.D.095(a)(1) Training of assessors ASSESSOR TRAINING COURSE — COURSE SYLLABUS Assessor training courses include practical assessment and, therefore, require the development of a simulated operational environment within which candidate assessors can demonstrate their competence. To simulate an operational environment, the course may include documentation that describes the local operating procedures (LOPs). LOPs may be modelled on a real operational environment or be fictious. The information contained in the LOPs may also be used to support the development of an evidence guide. The documentation may also include procedures for preparing for, conducting and debriefing a competent assessment. That documentation effectively ‘simulates’ the procedures that would be found in a unit training plan (UTP) or unit competence scheme (UCS) in an operational environment. The documentation may also be modelled on an actual UTP or UCS or be fictious. The documentation may be supported by various templates for briefing, debriefing, note-taking, and assessment reporting. The assessor syllabus is divided into topics and subtopics. This structure helps to classify the objectives as illustrated in the figure below. The objectives consist of three elements: (a) The corpus, which is a description of the required performance. It always contains an action verb to ensure that the outcome is observable. The action verb is always associated with a defined taxonomy. (b) The level, which indicates numerically the taxonomy of the action verb. Action verbs are defined in point (4) of AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a) Composition of initial training. (c) The content, which may be implicit or explicit. The explicit content is written in the content field, while the implicit content is not but, instead, is implied in the corpus of the objective and other elements (topic, subtopic title, etc.). Optional content, written in italics, may be used if considered appropriate.

Figure — Illustration of an objective

The following syllabus may be used to develop an assessor training course. GM2 ATCO.D.095(a)(1) Training of assessors ASSESSOR TRAINING COURSE — COURSE SYLLABUS For units or training organisations that wish to include oral interviews as part of their assessment process, the following learning objectives (LOs) may be included in the assessor syllabus as a subtopic of TOPIC ASO 4 — CONDUCTING THE ASSESSMENT. AMC2 ATCO.D.095(a)(3) Training of assessors REQUIRED COMPETENCIES FOR ASSESSORS The assessment should be based, as a minimum, on the following competencies and associated observable behaviours (OBs). Competencies for assessors and Observable behaviours (OBs) descriptions 1. Situational awareness OB 1.1 Maintains situational awareness Comprehends current and future OB 1.2 Monitors and analyses continuously the operational situation and the impact of the impact of the candidate’s actions on the traffic candidate’s performance on the operation. situation 2. Conduct of assessment OB 2.1 Prepares to conduct the assessment (e.g. Prepares for an assessment, assesses a candidate information, traffic forecast, weather candidate’s performance, decides whether information, equipment status, etc.) a candidate is competent, and provides OB 2.2 Promotes a positive professional environment objective feedback on their performance. with the candidate OB 2.3 Conducts the assessment in accordance with the prescribed process (e.g. briefing, safety responsibility, debriefing) OB 2.4 Evaluates that the assessment conditions (e.g. traffic levels and complexity) are met to ensure the validity of the assessment, if applicable OB 2.5 Acts unobtrusively (e.g. seating position, no distractions, body language, etc.) OB 2.6 Observes actions and records evidence in support of determining the candidate’s competence OB 2.7 Categorises evidence according to the required competencies OB 2.8 Assesses the level of performance based on categorised evidence to decide whether a candidate is competent OB 2.9. Provides factual and objective feedback about the candidate’s performance OB 2.10 Informs the candidate about the assessment result clearly and unambiguously OB 2.11 Responds appropriately to the behaviour of the candidate (e.g. stress, reaction to feedback) Competencies for assessors and Observable behaviours (OBs) descriptions 3. Communication OB 3.1 Listens actively throughout the assessment Communicates effectively: orally, non- process verbally, and in writing. OB 3.2 Speaks clearly and accurately in a calm, measured manner OB 3.3 Ensures that verbal communication is valid, relevant and unambiguous OB 3.4 Delivers difficult messages with tact and sensitivity, when applicable OB 3.5 Ensures that reports are complete, factual, and clear, and they include the facts relevant for the assessment decision 4. Ethics and integrity OB 4.1 Treats the candidate respectfully, fairly and Demonstrates openness, respect and objectively fairness towards colleagues and the OB 4.2 Answers questions honestly and factually candidate, and considers the consequences OB 4.3 Conducts the assessment without prejudice of actions. or bias OB 4.4 Manages professional relationships with appropriate role boundaries OB 4.5 Ensures privacy and confidentiality (e.g. private location/office for the briefing/debriefing) GM1 ATCO.D.095(a)(3) Training of assessors REQUIRED COMPETENCIES FOR ASSESSORS Several additional competencies and observable behaviours (OBs) used for the assessment during the training of assessors may be relevant to maintaining the competency of assessor endorsement holders. Competencies for assessors Observable behaviours (OBs) 1. Situational awareness 2. Conduct of assessment OB 2.12 Applies consistent standards when assessing performance 3. Communication 4. Ethics and integrity 5. Safety management OB 5.1 Prioritises safety over the conduct of the assessment Competencies for assessors Observable behaviours (OBs) OB 5.2 Identifies situations that have the potential to become unsafe OB.5.3 Takes action to prevent an unsafe situation or unsafe situations, when applicable (e.g. if an assessor is responsible for safety and the candidate undergoes the assessment for the issue or renewal of a unit endorsement) 6. Self-evaluation and continuous OB 6.1 Appreciates feedback development OB 6.2 Improves performance based on feedback OB 6.3 Improves performance through selfevaluation of the effectiveness of actions OB 6.4 Maintains self-control in challenging situations OB 6.5 Appreciates the need for continuous improvement and refresher training activities GM2 ATCO.D.095(a)(3) Training of assessors OBSERVABLE BEHAVIOURS (OBs) All OBs should be demonstrated. If an OB includes the phrase ‘when applicable’, that behaviour need only be demonstrated if the circumstances require it. In instances where the circumstances do not require that behaviour, they may be marked as ‘not applicable’. GM3 ATCO.D.095(a)(3) Training of assessors ASSESSMENT OF ASSESSOR COMPETENCE The level of harmonisation on competence assessment is low as a result of the variety of methods. Any assessment of assessor competence should be realistic and it could take place during live traffic situations or during training.