SOU 2004:10

Rätten till skadestånd enligt konkurrenslagen

Sammanfattning

Utredningsuppdraget

rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=îãÞãáÛìß=æäçèÛî=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞßî=oßàéìçßìÛÞ= åéèåïììßèíöðßìðÛåèãèá=Eplr=OMMPWTPFK=

bèæãáî=Þãìßåîãðßè=íåÛææ=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=áöìÛ=ßè=ÛææíãÞãá=êìöðèãèá=Ûð= éç=åìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ßèæãáî=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=Üöì= ïîðãÞáÛí=éÝâI=éç=Þßî=Ûèíßí=æäçêæãáîI=àöìßíæå=äèÞìÛÞ=ìßáæßìãèáK=cöì= Þßî=àÛææ=ïîìßÞÛìßè=àãèèßì=Ûîî=áìïêêßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=Üöì= ïîðãÞáÛí=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=åéèíïçßèîßìI=íåÛææ=ïîìßÞÛìßè=éÝåíå=êìöðÛ=éç= Þßî=äì=æäçêæãáî=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=áßí=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=àöìÛ=éààßèîJ æãá=áìïêêîÛæÛè=ßèæãáî=æÛáßè=EOMMOWRVVF=éç=áìïêêìäîîßáåèáK=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=íåÛææ=Þäìïîöðßì=íß=öðßì=íäîîßî=Ûîî=ÜßìäåèÛ=åéèåïìJ ìßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßèK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=àåì=Þßííïîéç= æäçèÛ=àöìíæÛá=îãææ=äèÞìãèáÛì=äðßè=ã=ÛèÞìÛ=ÛðíßßèÞßèI=éç=Þßî=ðãíÛì=íãá= Ûîî=Þßî=àãèèí=íåãææèÛÞßì=çßææÛè=bdJìäîîßè=éÝâ=Þßè=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ìäîîßèK=

bèæãáî=Þãìßåîãðßè=íåÛææ=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=ìßÞéðãíÛ=íãîî=ïêêÞìÛá=ã=ÞßííÛ= ÞßæÛì=íßèÛíî=Þßè=PN=äÛèïÛìã=OMMQK=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=ã=îãææäááíÞãìßåîãðI=ÞãìK=OMMPWNTRI=àåîî=ïêêÞìÛáßî= Ûîî=îÛ=àìÛç=ßè=åéèåìßî=æÛáíîãàîèãèáíçéÞßææ=îãææ=ßè=åìãçãèÛæãíßìãèá=Ûð= àöìÜïÞßè=ã=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=çéî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=íÛçJ ÛìÜßîß=éÝâ=çãííÜìïå=Ûð=ßè=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá=éÝâ=áöìÛ=ßè=àöìJ ÞäïêÛÞ=æÛáîßåèãíå=ÛèÛæóíK=aßî=ïêêÞìÛá=íéç=àìÛçáåì=Ûð=îãææäááíJ Þãìßåîãðßè=íåÛææ=ìßÞéðãíÛí=íßèÛíî=Þßè=PN=ÞßÝßçÜßì=OMMQK=

f=ÞßîîÛ=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞß=ìßÞéðãíÛì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Þßè=ÛèÞìÛ=ßîÛêêßè= Ûð=íãîî=ïêêÞìÛáK=

Dispositionen av betänkandet

f=åÛêãîßæ=O–P=ìßÞéáöìí=öðßìíãåîæãáî=àöì=bdWí=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßì=éÝâ= Þßè=íðßèíåÛ=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßèK=

hÛêãîßæ=Q=ãèèßâåææßì=ßè=íÛççÛèíîäææèãèá=öðßì=ðÛÞ=íéç=åäèèßJ îßÝåèÛì=àßÞßìÛæ=ÛçßìãåÛèíå=Ûèîãîìïíîìäîî=çßÞ=ãèìãåîèãèá=êå=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞK=

f=åÛêãîßæ=R–V=ìßÞéðãíÛí=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=öðßìðäáÛèÞßè=ã=Þß=éæãåÛ= àìåáéì=íéç=ÛåîïÛæãíßìÛí=áßèéç=ïêêÞìÛáßîK=

f=åÛêãîßæ=R=ÜßâÛèÞæÛì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=àìåáéì=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ðãÞ=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíß=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛK=

hÛêãîßæ=S=âÛèÞæÛì=éç=ßîî=èóîî=ãèíîãîïî=ãèéç=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßè=–= ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ã=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíçåæK=

f=åÛêãîßæ=T=ÞãíåïîßìÛì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=ÜßîóÞßæíßè=Ûð=Þß=çÛîßìãßææÛ= íåãææèÛÞßìèÛ=çßææÛè=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=éÝâ=bdJìäîîßèK=

f=åÛêãîßæ=U=ÞãíåïîßìÛì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=îÛåßî=àöì=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßJ Ûðáãàîßè=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßè=éÝâ=Üßìäåèãèáßè=Ûð=Ûðáãàîßè=ã= íåÞÛèÛ=àÛææK=

hÛêãîßæ=V=âÛèÞæÛì=éç=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=çöäæãáâßîßì=Ûîî=áßèéçJ àöìÛ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ã=êìãðÛîÛ=ïîìóççßèK=

f=åÛêãîßæ=NM=ìßÞéðãíÛì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=åéèíßåðßèíßì=Ûð=íãèÛ=àöìíæÛáK= hÛêãîßæ=NNI=íæïîæãáßèI=ãèèßâåææßì=ßè=àöìàÛîîèãèáíåéççßèîÛìK=

Utredningens överväganden

hìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ðãÞáÛí=

aßè=íðßèíåÛ=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=äì=ïîàéìçÛÞ=çßÞ=bdWí=åéèåïììßèíJ ìäîî=íéç=àöìßÜãæÞK=påðäæ=Þß=çÛîßìãßææÛ=àöìÜïÞíìßáæßìèÛ=íéç=àöìàÛìÛèJ Þßî=éÝâ=íÛèåîãéèßìèÛ=öðßìßèííîäççßì=èäìÛ=çßÞ=ðÛÞ=íéç=áäææßì= ßèæãáî=bdJìäîîßèK=lç=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=ïêêíåîæãáßè=ßææßì=Ûð=éÛåîíÛçâßî= öðßìîìäÞßì=èåáéî=Ûð=àöìÜïÞßèI=íåÛææ=àöìßîÛáßî=ßìíäîîÛ=Þßè=íåÛÞÛ=íéç= Þäìãáßèéç=ïêêåéççßì=àöì=ßîî=ÛèèÛî=àöìßîÛá=ßææßì=ßè=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîK=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=àïèèãî=Ûîî=Þßè=Üßáìäèíèãèá=ã=åìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=íéç=àöæäßì=Ûð=éìÞßî=”ÛðîÛæíêÛìî”=ã=æÛáîßòîßè=àåì= ÞãíåïîÛÜæÛ=àöæäÞßì=ðãÞ=éààßèîæãá=ïêêâÛèÞæãèá=éÝâ=Üöì=ïêêâäðÛíK=

héèíïçßèîßì=íéç=äì=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì=îãææ=Þßî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáÛ= àöìßîÛáßî=âÛì=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßèæãáî=æÛáÜßíîäççßæíßèí=éìÞÛJ æóÞßæíßK=lÜßíîäçÞÛ=åìßîíÛì=Ûð=åéèíïçßèîßì=íéç=ãèÞãìßåî=Üßìöìí=Ûð= ßîî=àöìÜäïÞßî=íÛçÛìÜßîß=âÛì=Þäìßçéî=ãèîß=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞI=íäáí= Þßî=ã=æÛáßèí=àöìÛìÜßîßèK=påãææèÛÞßì=ã=åéèíïçßèîßìí=ìäîî=Ûîî=àå=ßìíäîîJ

èãèá=àöì=íåÛÞÛ=ÜßìéßèÞß=êå=éç=Þß=íîåì=ã=ÛðîÛæíàöìâåææÛèÞß=îãææ=àöìßJ îÛáßî=ã=àìåáÛ=ßææßì=ãèîß=îßì=íãá=éçéîãðßìÛÞßK=Äðßè=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=åéèíïJ çßèîßì=Üöì=Þäìàöì=ãèíåìäèåèãèáßè=îãææ=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì=îÛí=ÜéìîK=

påÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßíîäççßæíßè=ã=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=Üöì=Þäìàöì=äèÞìÛí= íå=Ûîî=Þßî=Üæãì=åæÛìî=Ûîî=äðßè=ÛèÞìÛ=äè=àöìßîÛá=ßææßì=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì=âÛì= ìäîî=îãææ=ßìíäîîèãèá=ã=Þß=èï=ÜßíåìãðèÛ=íãîïÛîãéèßìèÛ=àöì=íåÛÞéì=íéç=Þß= ÞìÛÜÜÛí=Ûð=áßèéç=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=àöìÜïÞßè=ã=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßèK=

^ð=Þß=íåäæ=íéç=èï=âÛì=ìßÞéðãíÛîí=àöìßíæåì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûîî=åìßîíßè= Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ßèæãáî=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=ðãÞáÛí=íå=Ûîî=Þßè= ãèîß=æäèáìß=äì=ÜßáìäèíÛÞ=îãææ=–=àöìïîéç=àöìßîÛá=–=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßìK=

lààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛè=

bèæãáî=Þßè=èóÛ=æÛáßè=EOMMOWRVVF=éç=áìïêêìäîîßáåèá=àåì=ìßáßìãèáßè= ïîíß=çóèÞãáâßîßì=Ûîî=àöìÛ=éààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛèK=aßî=íåÛææ=àãèèÛí=ßîî= ðãÞÛìß=íÛçâäææíãèîìßííß=–=äè=Ûîî=Þßè=ßèíåãæÞß=íåÛææ=àå=íãîî=Ûèíêìåå= îãææáéÞéíßîî=–=àöì=Ûîî=ßè=éààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛè=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=çéîãðßìÛÞK= må=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßèí=éçìåÞß=îãææáéÞéíßí=ÞßîîÛ=íÛçâäææíãèîìßííß= áßèéç=Þßî=éààßèîæãáìäîîíæãáÛ=íÛèåîãéèííóíîßçßî=ã=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßèK= bè=çöäæãáâßî=àöì=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=Ûîî=àöìÛ=áìïêêîÛæÛè=îéìÞß=ãèîß= îãææàöìÛ=èåáéèîãèá=ã=Þßî=âäèíßßèÞßîI=ïîÛè=ðßìåßîí=ìßíïìíßì=Üöì=ã= íîäææßî=ÛèðäèÞÛí=àöì=Ûîî=ïêêìäîîâåææÛ=Þßî=éààßèîæãáìäîîíæãáÛ=ìßáßæJ íóíîßçßîK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=íßì=àöì=èäìðÛìÛèÞß=ãèîß=îãææìäÝåæãáî=íîÛìåÛ= íåäæ=àöì=Ûîî=àöìßíæå=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=ßææßì=èåáéè=ÛèèÛè=çóèÞãáJ âßî=ïîíßí=Ûîî=àöìÛ=éààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛè=àöì=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìåå= áìïèÞÛÞß=êå=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßèK=aßî=åÛè=ÞéÝå= àãèèÛí=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûîî=àìåáÛè=êìöðÛí=êå=èóîîI=èäì=ßìàÛìßèâßîßì=ðïèèãîí= ã=àìåáÛ=éç=éààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛè=ãèéç=ÛèÞìÛ=éçìåÞßèK=

påÛÞßíîåèÞíìßáæßìèÛ=ã=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=îãææäçêÛí=äðßè=êå= öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=

käì=ìßáßìãèáßè=ã=îãÞãáÛìß=æÛáíîãàîèãèáííÛççÛèâÛèá

1

=ÛðíîéÞ=àìåè=Ûîî=

ïîîìóÝåæãáßè=ìßáæßìÛ=ìäîîßè=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð= ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ðÛì=Þßî=êìãèÝãêãßææî=ðãåîãáÛ=çåæßî=éç=àöìâÛèÞíJ ÛðáöìÛèÞß=–=`éïìÛáß=ðK=`ìßâÛè=–=Ûèâäèáãááäéìî=âéí=bdJÞéçJ íîéæßèK=jåæßî=äì=èï=Ûðáäéìî=éÝâ=ðãííÛ=bdJìäîîíæãáÛ=àìåáéì=éç=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞ=ã=åéèåïììßèíàöìâåææÛèÞßè=äì=åæÛìáäéìÞÛ=áßèéç=ÞéçßèK=

1

Prop. 1999/2000:140 s. 201 f.

rîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=Ûîî=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßèí=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìßáæßì=èï= áöìí=îãææäçêæãáÛ=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJ àöìÞìÛáßîK=

mìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞßè=àöì=ßè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíàéìÞìÛè=

bèæãáî=èïðÛìÛèÞß=éìÞèãèá=àÛææßì=ìäîîßè=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßèæãáî= åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=ÜéìîI=éç=îÛæÛè=ãèîß=ðäÝåí=ãèéç=àßç=åì=àìåè=Þßî=Ûîî= íåÛÞÛè=ïêêåéçK=

bèæãáî=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=çßèãèá=âÛì=ßè=àöìæäèáèãèá=Ûð=Þßè=àßçåìãáÛ= êìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞßè=àéá=àöì=íãáK=_æKÛK=àìÛçâåææßì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûîî= êìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞßè=äì=ðäæ=åéìî=ã=íåÞÛèÛ=àÛææ=Þäì=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíêìéÝßííßè= àöæäßì=ã=íêåìßè=Ûð=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=ïîìßÞèãèáÛì=éÝâ=êìéÝßííßìK= aäìîãææ=åéççßì=Ûîî=îðãðßæ=âÛì=ïîîÛæÛîí=éç=ìßáßæèí=àöìßèæãáâßî=çßÞ= bdJìäîîßèK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=Ûîî=êìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞßè=äèÞìÛí=îãææ= îãé=åìI=ðãæåßî=äì=Þßè=ÛææçäèèÛ=êìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞßè=ßèæãáî= êìßíåìãêîãéèíæÛáßè=ENVUNWNPMFK=

_ßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ã=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíçåæ=

cöì=Ûîî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìßáæßìèÛ=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=îãææäçêÛí=ã=êìÛåîãåßè=åìäðí= Ûîî=Þß=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞßí=ÜßðãíãèíÛçæãèá=ïèÞßìæäîîÛí=ßææßì=íîöÞíK=må=íå= íäîî=åÛè=çÛè=ã=èåáéè=çåè=ÛðâääæêÛ=Þß=Üìãíîßì=íéç=àãèèí=èäì=Þßî= áäææßì=ãèÝãîÛçßèî=éÝâ=çöäæãáâßîßì=îãææ=ãèãîãÛîãð=àìåè=ßèíåãæÞÛ=ãèéç= åéèåïììßèíìäîîßèK=bèæãáî=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=çßèãèá=Üßâöðí=ßààßåîãðÛìß= çöäæãáâßîßì=Ûîî=íäåìÛ=Üßðãíèãèá=ã=ßè=îðãíîßçåæíêìéÝßíí=éç=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞ=êKáKÛK=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛK=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=Þäìàöì=Ûîî=ßîî=èóîî=ÝãðãæêìéÝßííïßææî=ãèíîãîïî= ãèàöìí=ãèéç=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßè=ßàîßì=àöìßÜãæÞ=àìåè=ãèíîãîïîßî= ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ã=ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîßèK=aßî=èóÛ=ãèíîãîïîßî= Üßèäçèí=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=fèíîãîïîßî=àöìßíæåí=àå=ã=íãèÛ=âïðïÞÞìÛá= àöæäÛèÞß=ïîàéìçèãèáK=f=ßè=ìäîîßáåèá=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìåå=ßèæãáî= åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=àåì=Þéçíîéæßè=êå=óìåÛèÞß=Ûð=íöåÛèÞßè=ÜßíæïîÛ=éç= ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=âéí=çéîêÛìîßè=àöì=Ûîî=ßàîßìàéìíåÛ=éÝâ=íäåìÛ=Üßðãí= éç=íöåÛèÞßèí=ßìíäîîèãèáíÛèíêìååK=_ßðãíßè=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=Ûðíß=ÛææÛ= Ûíêßåîßì=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáâßîßèI=íåðäæ=Þßè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ áìïèÞÛèÞß=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=íéç=éìíÛåííÛçÜÛèÞßî=éÝâ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞßîí= ÜßæéêêK=_ßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ðßìåíîäææí=Ûð=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáJ

âßîßèK=bîî=íäìíåãæî=àöìàÛìÛèÞß=àöìßíæåí=ã=íóàîß=Ûîî=áß=íåóÞÞ=àöì=àöìßJ îÛáíâßçæãáâßîßìK=

jÛîßìãßææÛ=íåãææèÛÞßì=çßææÛè=hi=éÝâ=bdJìäîîßè=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=ÛèÛæóíßìÛî=Þß=çÛîßìãßææÛ=íåãææèÛÞßì=íéç=àãèèí= çßææÛè=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=éÝâ=bdJìäîîßèK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=åéççãî= àìÛç=îãææ=Ûîî=Þßî=ã=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûð=Þßè=íKåK=çéÞßìèãíßìãèáíìßàéìçßè=Eíß= ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞß=oßàéìçßìÛÞ=åéèåïììßèíöðßìðÛåèãèáI= plr=OMMPWTPF=åèÛêêÛíî=åìäðí=Ûîî=ÛææÛ=íåãææèÛÞßì=çßææÛè=åéèåïìJ ìßèíæÛáßè=éÝâ=bdJìäîîßè=îÛí=ÜéìîK=aß=íðßèíåÛ=íäìæöíèãèáÛì=íéç= àãèèí=ãèéç=éæãåÛ=éçìåÞßè=Ûð=Þßè=íðßèíåÛ=åéèåïììßèíæÛáíîãàîèãèáßè= äì=ìßíïæîÛîßî=Ûð=ãèáåßèÞß=êéæãîãíåÛ=öðßìðäáÛèÞßè=éÝâ=íîäææèãèáíîÛJ áÛèÞßèK=Äðßè=éç=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=íßì=íéç=íãè=ïêêáãàî=Ûîî=Ûææçäèî=ðßìåÛ= àöì=Ûîî=íåãææèÛÞßìèÛ=çßææÛè=ìäîîííóíîßçßè=ïîääçèÛíI=âÛì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè= Þäìàöì=ãèîß=Ûèíßîî=èéá=íîÛìåÛ=íåäæ=àöìßæãááÛ=Ûîî=æäçèÛ=èåáéî=àöìíæÛá=ã= Þßè=âäì=ÞßæßèK=

héèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=éÝâ=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßè=

héççãîîéÞãìßåîãðßèí=ïîáåèáíêïèåî=äì=Ûîî=íåãææèÛÞßì=çßææÛè=bdJ ìäîîßè=éÝâ=íðßèíå=ìäîî=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=íäîîßî=Ûîî=ÜßìäåèÛ=Üöîßì=ìßíêßåîãðß= åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßè=íåÛææ=ïîääçèÛíI=éç= Þßî=äì=çöäæãáîK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=åïèèÛî=àãèèÛ=èåáìÛ= Üßæäáá=àöì=Ûîî=Þßî=àãèèí=èåáéè=íåãææèÛÞ=çßææÛè=bdJìäîîßè=éÝâ=åéèJ åïììßèíæÛáßè=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=íäîîßî=Ûîî=ÜßìäåèÛ=îÛåßî=àöì=Üöîßì= ìßíêßåîãðß=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßèK=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=Þäìàöì=àïèèãî=Ûîî=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=ãèîß=Üßâöðßì= äèÞìÛí=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=Ûîî=ÜßíîäççÛ=îÛåßî=àöì=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî= ðãÞ=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßèK=

_ßìäåèãèá=Ûð=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=

eïì=ÜöîßìèÛ=éÝâ=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=íåÛææ=ÜßìäåèÛí=äì=ßè= ÛèèÛè=íÛå=äè=âïì=ÜßæéêêíîÛåßî=íåÛææ=ÜßìäåèÛí=éÝâ=ãèîß=èöÞðäèÞãáîJ ðãí=åèïîßî=îãææ=àöìßîÛáßèí=éçíäîîèãèáK=bèæãáî=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=çßèãèá= åÛè=ìßÞÛè=Þß=áäææÛèÞß=ìßáæßìèÛ=îãææäçêÛí=ðãÞ=ÜßíîäççÛèÞß=Ûð=åéèJ åïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=íå=Ûîî=àöìßîÛáßîí=ßææßì=àöìßîÛáíáìïêêßèí=ßåéèéJ

çãíåÛ=íîóìåÛ=åÛè=ÜßÛåîÛíI=àöì=Ûîî=Ûðáãàîßè=íåÛææ=àå=ßè=îãææìäÝåæãáî= ÛðíåìäÝåÛèÞß=ßààßåîK=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=ÞéÝå=ßè=íçäììß=äïíîßìãèá=çßÞ=ãèèßÜöìÞßè= Ûîî=Þßî=ðãÞ=ÜßíîäççÛèÞß=Ûð=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=äðßè=åÛè= ÜßÛåîÛí=íéç=ßè=àöìíðåìÛèÞß=éçíîäèÞãáâßî=Ûîî=àöìßîÛáßî=âÛì=öðßìJ îìäîî=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=îãÞãáÛìßK=

héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ã=êìãðÛîÛ=ïîìóççßè=

héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=âÛì=ìäîî=ÛîîI=ßàîßì=áéÞåäèèÛèÞß=Ûð=pîéÝåâéæçí= îãèáíìäîîI=áöìÛ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=âéí=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=ßææßì=èåáéè=ÛèèÛèK= rîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=àåì=ïîîìóÝåæãáÛ=ÜßàéJ áßèâßîßì=ÛîîI=ßàîßì=Þéçíîéæí=áéÞåäèèÛèÞßI=áöìÛ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=ã= ÜéíîäÞßì=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=ïîìóççßè=íéç=èóîîäÛí=Ûð=íîóìßæíßæßÞÛçöîßì= éÝâ=ÛèíîäææÞÛ=âéí=Þßî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=äì=àöìßçåæ=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèá=éç= öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=àöìÜïÞíìßáæßìèÛ=ã=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=ßææßì=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ= UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=

héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=íåóæÞãáâßî=Ûîî=ãèðäèîÛ=äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞß=

käì=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=íåÛææ=áßèéçàöìÛ=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=âÛì=Þßè= âéí=ðãæåßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=íåÛææ=áßèéçàöìÛí=ìäîî=Ûîî=îãææåÛææÛ=ßîî= äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞßK=f=ÛððÛåîÛè=êå=Ûîî=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=ÜãîìäÞß=ãèíîäææßì=íãá=àåì= ãèîß=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ÜöìäÛK=aßîîÛ=áäææßì=ÞéÝå=ãèîßI=éç=ïèÞßìíöåJ èãèáßè=Þäìãáßèéç=éèöÞãáî=àöìÞìöäíI=ßææßì=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=âÛì= ÜßíæïîÛîí=ïîÛè=Ûîî=åéççïèãÝßìãèá=âÛì=íåßîî=çßÞ=Þßè=íéç=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáßè=ÛðíßìK=eäì=íåãæäßì=íãá=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=àìåè=bdJìäîîßèK= héççãííãéèßè=îéìÞß=ã=èéìçÛæÛ=àÛææ=ðäèîÛ=çßÞ=Ûîî=êåÜöìäÛ=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáßèI=éç=Þßî=äïìãÞãíåÛ=ÜãîìäÞßî=åÛè=àöìðäèîÛí=åéççÛ=ãèéç=ßè= îãççÛK=

bèæãáî=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=çßèãèá=äì=ÞßèèÛ=íåãææèÛÞ=éçéîãðßìÛÞK= rîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=Þäìàöì=Ûîî=ìßáßæè=ã=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=äèÞìÛí=íå= Ûîî=Þßè=èäìçÛìß=öðßìßèííîäççßì=çßÞ=bdJìäîîßè=êå=Þßè=âäì= êïèåîßèK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=Ûîî=ÞßîîÛ=íåÛææ=áäææÛ=äðßè=ðãÞ=ÜßðãíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=

fåìÛàîîìäÞÛèÞß=

aß=èóÛ=ìßáæßìèÛ=àöìßíæåí=îìäÞÛ=ã=åìÛàî=Þßè=N=Ûêìãæ=OMMRK=sãÞÛìß= àöìßíæåì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=îðå=öðßìáåèáíÜßíîäççßæíßìK=aßè=ßèÛ=öðßìJ áåèáíÜßíîäççßæíßè=äì=Ûð=ãèèßÜöìÞßè=Ûîî=Þßè=èóÛ=Üßíîäççßæíßè=éç= àöìíðåìÛèÞß=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=ðãÞ=ÜßíîäççÛèÞß=Ûð=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßJ Ûðáãàî=îãææäçêÛí=êå=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=ßàîßì=ãåìÛàîîìäÞÛèÞßîK=aßè=ÛèÞìÛ= öðßìáåèáíÜßíîäççßæíßè=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=Þßè=èóÛ=êìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞßè=êå= îãé=åì=îãææäçêÛí=äðßè=êå=àéìÞìãèáÛì=íéç=âÛì=åéççãî=îãææ=àöìß=ãåìÛàîJ îìäÞÛèÞßî=éÝâ=íéç=ãèîß=âÛì=êìßíåìãÜßìÛîí=ÞßííàöìãèèÛè=ßèæãáî=äæÞìß= ÜßíîäççßæíßìK=

Summary

Terms of reference

qâß=`éççãîîßß=âÛí=êìßðãéïíæó=íïÜçãîîßÞ=îâß=ãèîßìãç=ìßêéìî= ”oßàéìçßìÛÞ=åéèåïììßèíöðßìðÛåèãèá”=–=oßàéìçßÞ=çéèãîéìãèá=éà= Ýéçêßîãîãéè=–=Eplr=OMMPWTPF=

rèÞßì=îâß=îßìçí=éà=ìßàßìßèÝß=îâß=`éççãîîßß=íâÛææ=çÛåß=Û=ÝéçJ êìßâßèíãðß=ßòÛçãèÛîãéè=Ûí=îé=ñâßîâßì=îâß=ÝãìÝæß=éà=êÛìîãßí=ßèîãîæßÞ= îé=ÞÛçÛáßí=Ûí=ÞßàãèßÞ=Üó=îâß=pñßÞãíâ=`éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî=íâéïæÞ=Üß= ßòîßèÞßÞ=ÛèÞI=ãà=ÞßßçßÞ=ÛêêìéêìãÛîßI=êìéêéíß=ÛçßèÞçßèîí=îé=îâß= ìßáïæÛîãéèíK=tâßìß=îâß=`éççãîîßß=àãèÞí=îâÛî=îâß=áìéïê=éà=îâéíß= ßèîãîæßÞ=îé=ÞÛçÛáßí=íâéïæÞ=Üß=ßòîßèÞßÞ=Ûí=ìßáÛìÞí=ÝéèíïçßìíI=îâß= `éççãîîßß=íâÛææ=Ûæíé=ÝéèíãÞßì=ñâßîâßì=ãî=ãí=ÛêêìéêìãÛîß=îé=ßèÛÜæß= îâß=pñßÞãíâ=`éçêßîãîãéè=^ïîâéìãîó=îé=ÝéèÞïÝî=ÝæÛíí=ÛÝîãéèí=ãè= ÛÝÝéìÞÛèÝß=ñãîâ=îâß=`æÛíí=^Ýîãéèí=^ÝîK=

qâß=`éççãîîßß=íâÛææ=àïìîâßìçéìß=ìßðãßñ=îâß=çßîâéÞ=éà=ÝÛæÝïæÛJ îãéè=éà=àãèßí=ãè=ÝéçÜãèÛîãéèí=éà=ïèÞßìîÛåãèáíK=qâß=`éççãîîßß= çÛóI=ãè=ÛÞÞãîãéèI=íïÜçãî=êìéêéíÛæí=àéì=ÛçßèÞçßèîí=ãè=éîâßì= ìßíêßÝîíI=íâéïæÞ=ãî=êìéðß=îâÛî=îâßìß=Ûìß=ÞãààßìßèÝßí=Üßîñßßè=`éçJ çïèãîó=æÛñ=ÛèÞ=èÛîãéèÛæ=æÛñK=

rèÞßì=îâß=îßìçí=éà=ìßàßìßèÝß=îâß=`éççãîîßß=íâÛææ=íïÜçãî=Û= ìßêéìî=éè=îâßíß=çÛîîßìí=Üó=PN=gÛèïÛìó=OMMQ=Ûî=îâß=æÛîßíîK=

fè=íïêêæßçßèîÛìó=îßìçí=éà=ìßàßìßèÝßI=ÞãìK=OMMPWNTRI=îâß=`éçJ çãîîßß=âÛí=Üßßè=ãèíîìïÝîßÞ=îé=êìßêÛìß=Û=ÝéèÝìßîß=æßáãíæÛîãéè=çéÞßæ= àéì=çÛåãèá=ãî=Û=ÝìãçãèÛæ=éààßèÝß=îé=ãèàìãèáß=îâß=êìéâãÜãîãéèí=ãè=îâß= `éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî=ÛáÛãèíî=ìßíîìãÝîãðß=Ûáìßßçßèîí=ÛèÞ=ÛÜïíß=éà=Û= ÞéçãèÛèî=êéíãîãéè=ÛèÞ=îé=çÛåß=Ûè=ãèJÞßêîâ=æßáÛæ=ÛèÛæóíãíK=^=ìßêéìî= Ýéðßìãèá=îâß=çÛîîßìí=íêßÝãàãßÞ=ãè=îâß=íïêêæßçßèîÛìó=îßìçí=éà=ìßàßìJ ßèÝß=íâÛææ=Üß=íïÜçãîîßÞ=Üó=PN=aßÝßçÜßì=OMMQ=Ûî=îâß=æÛîßíîK=

fè=îâãí=ãèîßìãç=ìßêéìî=îâß=`éççãîîßß=ìßêéìîí=éè=îâß=íßÝéèÞ= íîÛáß=éà=ãîí=ÛííãáèçßèîK=

Outline of the report

fè=ÝâÛêîßìí=O–P=Û=áßèßìÛæ=ÞßíÝìãêîãéè=ãí=áãðßè=éà=îâß=`éççïèãîó= Ýéçêßîãîãéè=ìïæßí=ÛèÞ=pñßÞãíâ=Ýéçêßîãîãéè=æßáãíæÛîãéèK=

`âÛêîßì=Q=ÝéèîÛãèí=Û=æãíî=éà=ñâÛî=ÝâÛìÛÝîßìãíßí=àßÞßìÛæ=^çßìãÝÛè= ÛèîãJîìïíî=æßáãíæÛîãéèI=ÝéèÝßèîìÛîãèá=éè=ÞÛçÛáßíK=

fè=ÝâÛêîßìí=R–V=Ûè=ÛÝÝéïèî=ãí=áãðßè=éà=îâß=`éççãîîßß’í=ÞßæãÜßìÛJ îãéèí=éè=îâß=ðÛìãéïí=ãííïßí=Ûìãíãèá=àìéç=îâß=îßìçí=éà=ìßàßìßèÝßK=

fè=ÝâÛêîßì=R=îâß=`éççãîîßß=ÞßÛæí=ñãîâ=çÛîîßìí=ÝéèÝßìèãèá=ÞÛçJ Ûáßí=ãè=ÝéèèßÝîãéè=ñãîâ=ãèàìãèáßçßèîí=éà=îâß=Ýéçêßîãîãéè=ìïæßíK=

`âÛêîßì=S=ÞßÛæí=ñãîâ=Û=èßñ=ãèíîãîïîãéè=ñãîâãè=Ýéçêßîãîãéè=æßáãíJ æÛîãéè=–=ãèðßíîãáÛîãéè=éà=ßðãÞßèÝß=ãè=ÛÝîãéèí=àéì=ÞÛçÛáßíK=

fè=ÝâÛêîßì=T=îâß=`éççãîîßß=ÞãíÝïííßí=îâß=íãáèãàãÝÛèÝß=éà=îâß=ÞãàJ àßìßèÝßí=ãè=íïÜíîÛèÝß=Üßîñßßè=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî=ÛèÞ=`éççïJ èãîó=æÛñK=

fè=ÝâÛêîßì=U=îâß=`éççãîîßß=ÞãíÝïííßí=îâß=Ýßãæãèá=àéì=îâß=ÛÞçãèJ ãíîìÛîãðß=àãèß=ãè=ÝéçÜãèÛîãéèí=éà=ïèÞßìîÛåãèáí=ÛèÞ=îâß=ÝÛæÝïæÛîãéè= éà=îâß=àãèß=ãè=íïÝâ=ÝÛíßíK=

`âÛêîßì=V=ÛÞÞìßííßí=îâß=pñßÞãíâ=`éçêßîãîãéè=^ïîâéìãîó’í=êéííãJ Üãæãîãßí=éà=ÝÛììóãèá=éïî=ãèðßíîãáÛîãéèí=ãè=êìãðÛîß=êæÛÝßíK=

fè=ÝâÛêîßì=NM=îâß=`éççãîîßß=ÞßíÝìãÜßí=îâß=ÝéèíßëïßèÝßí=éà=ãîí= êìéêéíÛæíK=

`âÛêîßì=NNI=àãèÛææóI=ÝéèîÛãèí=ßòêæÛèÛîéìó=èéîßíK=

Considerations of the Committee

bòîßèíãéè=éà=îâß=ÝãìÝæß=éà=êÛìîãßí=ßèîãîæßÞ=îé=ÞÛçÛáßí=

qâß=pñßÞãíâ=`éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî=ñÛí=çéÞßææßÞ=éè=`éççïèãîó=ÝéçJ êßîãîãéè=æÛñK=_éîâ=îâß=íïÜíîÛèîãðß=êìéâãÜãîãéèí=ÛèÞ=îâß=êìéÝßÞïìß= ÛèÞ=íÛèÝîãéèí=àéææéñ=`éççïèãîó=æÛñ=ÝæéíßæóK=fà=Ûè=ïèÞßìîÛåãèá= ñãæàïææó=éì=èßáæãáßèîæó=ãèàìãèáßí=Ûèó=éà=îâß=êìéâãÜãîãéèíI=îâß=ÝéçJ êÛèó=íâÛææ=ÝéçêßèíÛîß=îâß=æéííßí=Ûìãíãèá=îâßìßÜó=àéì=Ûèéîâßì=ïèÞßìJ îÛåãèá=éì=Û=ÝéèîìÛÝîãèá=êÛìîóK=

qâß=`éççãîîßß=âÛí=àéïèÞ=îâÛî=îâß=æãçãîÛîãéè=éà=îâß=ÝãìÝæß=éà= êÛìîãßí=ßèîãîæßÞ=îé=ÞÛçÛáßí=àéææéñãèá=àìéç=îâß=îßìç=”ÝéèîìÛÝîãèá= êÛìîó”=ãè=îâß=ñéìÞãèá=éà=îâß=^Ýî=âÛí=âÛÞ=ëïßíîãéèÛÜæß=ÝéèíßJ ëïßèÝßí=àéì=êïÜæãÝ=îßèÞßìí=ÛèÞ=íâéïæÞ=Üß=ñãîâÞìÛñèK=

`éèíïçßìí=ñâé=Ûìß=ÝéèîìÛÝîãèá=êÛìîãßí=ñãîâ=îâß=ÝéçêÛèó=æãÛÜæß= îé=êÛó=ÞÛçÛáßí=Ûìß=ßèîãîæßÞ=îé=ÞÛçÛáßí=ïèÞßì=îâß=ñéìÞãèá=éà=îâß= æßáÛæ=êìéðãíãéèK=eéñßðßìI=îâß=^Ýî’í=êìßêÛìÛîéìó=ñéìå=íîÛîßí=îâÛî=

ïèíêßÝãàãßÞ=ÝãìÝæßí=éà=Ýéèíïçßìí=ñâé=Ûìß=ãèÞãìßÝîæó=ÛààßÝîßÞ=Üó= êìéâãÜãîßÞ=ìßíîìãÝîãéèí=Ûìß=èéî=ßèîãîæßÞ=îé=ÞÛçÛáßíK=aãààßìßèÝßí=ãè= Ýéèíïçßìí’=ìãáâîí=îé=ìßÝßãðß=ÝéçêßèíÛîãéè=àéì=æéíí=ÞßêßèÞãèá=éè= ñâßîâßì=éì=èéî=Û=ÝéèîìÛÝîïÛæ=éÜæãáÛîãéè=ßòãíîí=Üßîñßßè=îâßç=ÛèÞ= îâß=ÝéçêÛèó=ãè=ëïßíîãéè=ÛêêßÛì=ïèñÛììÛèîßÞK=eßèÝß=îâß=ìßíîìãÝJ îãéè=îé=ÝéèîìÛÝîãèá=êÛìîãßí=íâéïæÞ=Ûæíé=Üß=ìßçéðßÞ=Ûí=ìßáÛìÞí=ÝéèJ íïçßìíK=

qâß=êìéðãíãéè=ÝéèÝßìèãèá=ÞÛçÛáßí=ãè=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî= íâéïæÞ=îâßìßàéìß=Üß=ÛçßèÞßÞ=îé=çÛåß=ãî=ÝæßÛì=îâÛî=êßéêæß=éîâßì= îâÛè=ÝéçêÛèãßí=éì=ÝéèîìÛÝîãèá=êÛìîãßí=Ûìß=ßèîãîæßÞ=îé=ÝéçêßèíÛîãéè= ãè=îâß=íãîïÛîãéèí=âßìß=ÞßíÝìãÜßÞ=àéì=æéííßí=íïààßìßÞ=îâìéïáâ=Ûè= ãèàìãèáßçßèî=éà=îâß=êìéâãÜãîãéèí=ãè=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^ÝîK=

céì=îâß=ìßÛíéèí=èéñ=áãðßè=îâß=`éççãîîßß=êìéêéíßí=îâÛî=îâß=ÝãìJ Ýæß=éà=îâéíß=ßèîãîæßÞ=îé=ìßÝßãðß=ÞÛçÛáßí=ïèÞßì=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî= Üß=ßòîßèÞßÞ=íé=îâÛî=ãî=ãí=èé=æéèáßì=ìßíîìãÝîßÞ=–=ÛêÛìî=àìéç=ÝéçêÛJ èãßí=–=îé=ÝéèîìÛÝîãèá=êÛìîãßíK=

mïÜæãÝ=ÝæÛíí=ÛÝîãéè=

rèÞßì=îâß=èßñ=`æÛíí=^Ýîãéèí=^Ýî=EOMMOWRVVF=îâß=áéðßìèçßèî=çÛó= ÞßíãáèÛîß=Ûïîâéìãîãßí=îé=Üìãèá=êïÜæãÝ=ÝæÛíí=ÛÝîãéèíK=^=àïìîâßì=êïÜæãÝ= ãèîßìßíî=íâÛææ=Üß=íßìðßÞ=–=éîâßì=îâÛè=îâÛî=îâß=ãèÞãðãÞïÛæ’í=ÝæÛãçí=Ûìß= çßî=–=ãè=éìÞßì=àéì=Û=êïÜæãÝ=ÝæÛíí=ÛÝîãéè=îé=Üß=äïíîãàãßÞK=fè=îâß=ÛìßÛ=éà= Ýéçêßîãîãéè=æÛñ=îâãí=êïÜæãÝ=ãèîßìßíî=ãí=íÛîãíàãßÞ=îâìéïáâ=îâß=êïÜæãÝ= æÛñ=íóíîßç=éà=íÛèÝîãéèí=ãè=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^ÝîK=qâß=êéííãÜãæãîó= àéì=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^ïîâéìãîó=îé=êïìíïß=Û=ÝæÛíí=ÛÝîãéè=ñéïæÞ=êìéJ ÜÛÜæó=èéî=ÝéèîìãÜïîß=Ûèóîâãèá=ãè=îâãí=ìßíêßÝîX=ãèíîßÛÞ=îâß=^ïîâéìJ ãîó’í=ìßíéïìÝßí=íâéïæÞ=Üß=ïíßÞ=îé=çÛãèîÛãè=îâß=ìßáïæÛîéìó=íóíîßç= ïèÞßì=êïÜæãÝ=æÛñK=^î=êìßíßèî=îâß=`éççãîîßß=Þéßí=èéî=íßß=íïààãJ Ýãßèîæó=íîìéèá=ìßÛíéèí=àéì=êìéêéíãèá=îâÛî=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^ïîâéìJ ãîó=éì=Ûèó=éîâßì=Ûïîâéìãîó=Üß=ÞßíãáèÛîßÞ=îé=Üìãèá=êïÜæãÝ=ÝæÛíí= ÛÝîãéèí=àéì=ÞÛçÛáßí=ÜÛíßÞ=éè=ãèàìãèáßçßèîí=éà=Ýéçêßîãîãéè=æÛñK= qâßìß=çÛóI=âéñßðßìI=Üß=ìßÛíéè=àéì=îâß=ëïßíîãéè=îé=Üß=ìßÝéèíãÞßìßÞ= ñâßè=ßòêßìãßèÝß=âÛí=Üßßè=áÛãèßÞ=Ûí=ìßáÛìÞí=êïÜæãÝ=ÝæÛíí=ÛÝîãéèí=ãè= éîâßì=ÛìßÛíK=

qâß=ìïæßí=éè=ÞÛçÛáßí=ãè=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî=Ûìß=Ûæíé=ÛêêæãÝÛÜæß=îé= ãèàìãèáßçßèîí=ÛáÛãèíî=^ìîãÝæßí=UN=ÛèÞ=UO=éà=îâß=b`=qìßÛîó=

tâßè=îâß=áéðßìèçßèî=ãè=êìßðãéïí=æßáãíæÛîãéè=Ýéèîßòîí

1

=ìßàìÛãèßÞ=

àìéç=ßòêìßííæó=ìßáïæÛîãèá=îâß=ìãáâî=îé=ÞÛçÛáßí=àéì=ãèàìãèáßçßèîí=éà= ^ìîãÝæßí=UN=ÛèÞ=UO=îâß=ãçêéìîÛèî=ÝÛíß=àéì=íßîîãèá=Û=êìßÝßÞßèî=éè= êìßæãçãèÛìó=ìïæãèáí=–=`éïìÛáß=ðK=`ìßâÛè=–=ñÛí=êßèÞãèá=Üßàéìß=îâß= bïìéêßÛè=`éïìî=éà=gïíîãÝßK=qâß=ÝÛíß=âÛí=èéñ=Üßßè=ÞßÝãÞßÞ=ÛèÞ=ÝßìJ îÛãè=çÛîîßìí=éà=`éççïèãîó=æÛñ=éè=ÞÛçÛáßí=ãè=Ýéçêßîãîãðß=íãîïÛJ îãéèí=âÛðß=Üßßè=çÛÞß=ÝæßÛì=îâìéïáâ=îâß=äïÞáßçßèîK=qâß=`éççãîJ îßß=êìéêéíßí=îâÛî=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî’í=ìïæßí=éè=ÞÛçÛáßí=èéñ=Üß= çÛÞß=ÛêêæãÝÛÜæß=îé=ãèàìãèáßçßèîí=éà=^ìîãÝæßí=UN=ÛèÞ=UO=éà=îâß=b`= qìßÛîóK=

mßìãéÞ=éà=æãçãîÛîãéè=àéì=Û=ÝæÛãç=àéì=ÞÛçÛáßí=

rèÞßì=îâß=êìßíßèî=íóíîßç=îâß=ìãáâî=îé=ÞÛçÛáßí=ïèÞßì=îâß=`éçêßJ îãîãéè=^Ýî=æÛêíßí=ïèæßíí=ÛÝîãéè=ãí=Üìéïáâî=ñãîâãè=àãðß=óßÛìí=éà=îâß= ÞÛîß=ñâßè=îâß=ÞÛçÛáß=ÛìéíßK=

fè=îâß=éêãèãéè=éà=îâß=`éççãîîßß=Ûè=ßòîßèíãéè=éà=îâß=àãðßJóßÛì= êßìãéÞ=éà=æãçãîÛîãéè=ãí=äïíîãàãßÞK=qâß=`éççãîîßß=ÝÛææí=Ûîîßèîãéè=îé= îâß=àÛÝî=îâÛî=îâß=êßìãéÞ=éà=æãçãîÛîãéè=ãí=ìÛîâßì=íâéìî=ãè=íïÝâ=ÝÛíßí= ñâßìß=îâß=ÛÝîãéè=àéì=ÞÛçÛáßí=àéææéñí=ãè=îâß=ñÛåß=éà=îâß=`éçêßîãJ îãéè=^ïîâéìãîó’í=ãèðßíîãáÛîãéèí=ÛèÞ=êìéÝßÞïìßíK=fè=ÛÞÞãîãéèI=ÞéïÜîí= âÛðß=Üßßè=ßòêìßííßÞ=ÝéèÝßìèãèá=îâß=ÝéçêÛîãÜãæãîó=éà=îâß=ìïæß=ñãîâ= `éççïèãîó=æÛñK=qâß=`éççãîîßß=êìéêéíßí=îâÛî=îâß=êßìãéÞ=éà=æãçãJ îÛîãéè=Üß=ÝâÛèáßÞ=îé=îßè=óßÛìíI=ñâãÝâ=ãí=îâß=áßèßìÛæ=êßìãéÞ=éà=æãçãJ îÛîãéè=ïèÞßì=îâß=^Ýî=éè=iãçãîÛîãéè=ENVUNWNPMFK=

fèðßíîãáÛîãéè=éà=ßðãÞßèÝß=ãè=ÛÝîãéèí=àéì=ÞÛçÛáßí=

fè=éìÞßì=îé=ßèÛÜæß=îâß=ìïæßí=éè=ÞÛçÛáßí=îé=Üß=ÛêêæãßÞ=ãè=êìÛÝîãÝß= îâß=ãèäïìßÞ=êÛìîó’í=áÛîâßìãèá=éà=ßðãÞßèÝß=çïíî=Üß=àÛÝãæãîÛîßÞ=éì= ÛííãíîßÞK=fè=îâãí=ñÛó=îâß=ÞßàãÝãßèÝãßí=îâÛî=ßòãíî=ñãîâãè=Ýéçêßîãîãéè= æßáãíæÛîãéè=Ûí=ìßáÛìÞí=ãèÝßèîãðßí=ÛèÞ=éêêéìîïèãîãßí=àéì=ãèãîãÛîãðß=éè= îâß=êÛìî=éà=ãèÞãðãÞïÛæí=ÝÛè=îé=íéçß=ßòîßèî=Üß=ìßÞìßííßÞK=fè=îâß= éêãèãéè=éà=îâß=`éççãîîßß=çéìß=ßààßÝîãðß=çßÛèí=Ûìß=ìßëïãìßÞ=àéì=

1

Bill 1999/2000:140 p 201 f.

íßÝïìãèá=ßðãÞßèÝß=ãè=Ýãðãæ=ÛÝîãéèí=ÝéèÝßìèãèá=ÞÛçÛáßí=Þïß=îé= ãèàìãèáßçßèî=éà=Ýéçêßîãîãéè=ìïæßíK=

qâß=`éççãîîßß=îâßìßàéìß=êìéêéíßí=îâÛî=Û=èßñ=ãèíîãîïîãéè=àéì= Ýãðãæ=êìéÝßßÞãèáí=Üß=ãèîìéÞïÝßÞ=ñãîâãè=Ýéçêßîãîãéè=æÛñ=éè=îâß= çéÞßæ=éà=îâß=ãèíîãîïîãéè=éà=ãèàìãèáßçßèî=ãèðßíîãáÛîãéè=ãè=ãèîßææßÝJ îïÛæ=êìéêßìîó=æÛñK=qâß=èßñ=ãèíîãîïîãéè=ãí=ÝÛææßÞ=ãèðßíîãáÛîãéè=éà=ßðãJ ÞßèÝßK=fî=ãí=êìéêéíßÞ=îâÛî=îâß=çÛãè=àßÛîïìßí=éà=îâß=ãèíîãîïîãéè=Üß=Ûí= àéææéñíK=fè=Ûè=ÛÝîãéè=Ûî=æÛñ=ÝéèÝßìèãèá=Û=ÝæÛãç=àéì=ÞÛçÛáßí=êïìíïJ Ûèî=îé=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^ÝîI=Ûî=îâß=ìßëïßíî=éà=îâß=ÝæÛãçÛèî=îâß= Ýéïìî=çÛó=ÞßÝãÞß=éè=Ûè=ãèðßíîãáÛîãéè=éà=îâß=ÞßàßèÞÛèî=îé=íßÛìÝâ=àéì= ÛèÞ=íßÝïìß=ßðãÞßèÝß=ÝéèÝßìèãèá=îâß=ÝæÛãçÛèî’í=ÝæÛãç=àéì=ÞÛçÛáßíK= qâß=ßðãÞßèÝß=íâÛææ=Üß=ÛÜæß=îé=Ýéðßì=Ûææ=ÛíêßÝîí=éà=îâß=æãÛÜãæãîó=îé=êÛó= ÞÛçÛáßíI=Üéîâ=îâß=ãèàìãèáßçßèî=éè=ñâãÝâ=îâß=ÝæÛãç=àéì=ÞÛçÛáßí=ãí= ÜÛíßÞ=ÛèÞ=îâß=ÝÛïíÛæ=æãèå=ÛèÞ=Ûçéïèî=éà=îâß=ÞÛçÛáßíK=qâß=ãèðßíîãJ áÛîãéè=éà=ßðãÞßèÝß=íâÛææ=Üß=ÝÛììãßÞ=éïî=Üó=îâß=ßèàéìÝßçßèî=íßìðãÝßK= ^=íêßÝãÛæ=êìéÝßÞïìß=ãí=êìéêéíßÞ=àéì=îâß=êïìêéíßí=éà=êìéîßÝîãèá= îìÛÞß=íßÝìßîíK=

aãààßìßèÝßí=ãè=íïÜíîÛèÝß=Üßîñßßè=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî=ÛèÞ= `éççïèãîó=æÛñ=

qâß=`éççãîîßß=âÛí=ÛèÛæóíßÞ=îâß=ÞãààßìßèÝßí=ãè=íïÜíîÛèÝß=îâÛî=ßòãíî= Üßîñßßè=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî=ÛèÞ=`éççïèãîó=æÛñK=qâß=`éççãîJ îßß=âÛí=ÝéèÝæïÞßÞ=îâÛî=ãè=ðãßñ=éà=îâß=íéJÝÛææßÞ=çéÞßìèãíÛîãéè= ìßàéìç=Eíßß=îâß=`éççãîîßß’í=ãèîßìãç=ìßêéìî=éè=oßàéìçßÞ=jéèãJ îéìãèá=éà=`éçêßîãîãéèI=plr=OMMPWTPF=ãî=ãí=âÛìÞæó=ìßëïãìßÞ=îâÛî=Ûææ= ÞãààßìßèÝßí=Üßîñßßè=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî=ÛèÞ=`éççïèãîó=æÛñ=Üß= ìßçéðßÞK=qâß=íßêÛìÛîß=pñßÞãíâ=íéæïîãéèí=îâÛî=ßòãíî=ãè=ðÛìãéïí=ÛìßÛí= éà=pñßÞãíâ=Ýéçêßîãîãéè=æßáãíæÛîãéè=Ûìß=îâß=ìßíïæî=éà=ßòâÛïíîãðß=êéæãJ îãÝÛæ=ÝéèíãÞßìÛîãéèí=ÛèÞ=ÝâéãÝßíK=bðßè=îâéïáâ=îâß=`éççãîîßß= ìßáÛìÞí=ãî=Ûí=ãîí=îÛíå=îé=ñéìå=ãè=áßèßìÛæ=îéñÛìÞí=ìßçéðãèá=îâß=ÞãàJ àßìßèÝßí=Üßîñßßè=îâß=æßáÛæ=íóíîßçíI=îâß=`éççãîîßß=âÛí=îâßìßàéìß= èéî=ÝéèíãÞßìßÞ=îâÛî=íîìéèá=ßèéïáâ=ìßÛíéèí=ßòãíî=àéì=çÛåãèá=Ûèó= êìéêéíÛæí=ãè=îâãí=ìßíêßÝîK=

^ÞçãèãíîìÛîãðß=àãèßí=ÛèÞ=ÝéçÜãèÛîãéèí=éà=ïèÞßìîÛåãèáí=

qâß=êéãèî=éà=ÞßêÛìîïìß=éà=îâß=îßìçí=éà=ìßàßìßèÝß=ãí=îâÛî=ÞãààßìßèÝßí= Üßîñßßè=`éççïèãîó=æÛñ=ÛèÞ=pñßÞãíâ=æÛñ=Ûí=ìßáÛìÞí=îâß=çßîâéÞ=éà= ÝÛæÝïæÛîãèá=àãèßí=ÛèÞ=ÛÞçãèãíîìÛîãðß=àãèßí=ãè=ÝéçÜãèÛîãéèí=éà=ïèÞßìJ îÛåãèáí=íâéïæÞ=Üß=ßæãçãèÛîßÞ=ãà=êéííãÜæßK=eéñßðßìI=îâß=`éççãîîßß= âÛí=èéî=Üßßè=ÛÜæß=îé=àãèÞ=Ûèó=ßðãÞßèÝß=îâÛî=îâßìß=ãí=Ûèó=ÞãààßìßèÝß= Üßîñßßè=`éççïèãîó=æÛñ=ÛèÞ=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî=Ûí=ìßáÛìÞí=îâß= çßîâéÞ=éà=ÝÛæÝïæÛîãèá=îâß=Ýßãæãèá=àéì=àãèßí=éì=ÛÞçãèãíîìÛîãðß=àãèßí=ãè= ÝéçÜãèÛîãéèí=éà=ïèÞßìîÛåãèáíK=

qâß=`éççãîîßß=âÛí=îâßìßàéìß=àéïèÞ=îâÛî=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî= Þéßí=èéî=èßßÞ=îé=Üß=ÝâÛèáßÞ=Ûí=ìßáÛìÞí=Þßîßìçãèãèá=îâß=Ýßãæãèá=àéì= ÛÞçãèãíîìÛîãðß=àãèßí=àéì=ÝéçÜãèÛîãéèí=éà=ïèÞßìîÛåãèáíK=

`ÛæÝïæÛîãéè=éà=ÛÞçãèãíîìÛîãðß=àãèßí=

qâß=çßîâéÞ=àéì=ÝÛæÝïæÛîãèá=àãèßí=ÛèÞ=ÛÞçãèãíîìÛîãðß=àãèßí=ãí=íßêÛJ ìÛîß=àìéç=îâß=çßîâéÞ=àéì=ÝÛæÝïæÛîãèá=îâß=Ýßãæãèá=éè=îâß=Ûçéïèî=ÛèÞ= èéî=èßÝßííÛìãæó=æãèåßÞ=îé=îâß=îïìèéðßì=éà=îâß=ïèÞßìîÛåãèáíK=fè=îâß= éêãèãéè=éà=îâß=`éççãîîßß=îâß=Ýïììßèî=ìïæßí=ÝÛè=Üß=ÛêêæãßÞ=ñâßè= Þßîßìçãèãèá=îâß=ÛÞçãèãíîìÛîãðß=àãèß=íé=îâÛî=îâß=àãèÛèÝãÛæ=íîìßèáîâ=éà= îâß=ïèÞßìîÛåãèá=éì=ÝéçÜãèÛîãéè=éà=ïèÞßìîÛåãèáí=ÝÛè=Üß=îÛåßè=ãèîé= ÛÝÝéïèîI=íé=îâÛî=îâß=àãèß=ñãææ=âÛðß=Û=íïààãÝãßèîæó=Þßîßììßèî=ßààßÝîK=

qâß=`éççãîîßß=êìéêéíßíI=âéñßðßìI=Û=çãèéì=ÛÞäïíîçßèî=îé=îâß= ßààßÝî=îâÛî=ñâßè=Þßîßìçãèãèá=îâß=ÛÞçãèãíîìÛîãðß=àãèß=ãî=ÝÛè=Ûæíé=Üß= îÛåßè=ãèîé=ÛÝÝéïèî=Ûí=Ûè=ÛááìÛðÛîãèá=ÝãìÝïçíîÛèÝß=îâÛî=îâß=ïèÞßìJ îÛåãèá=âÛí=êìßðãéïíæó=ãèàìãèáßÞ=^ìîãÝæßí=UN=ÛèÞ=UO=éà=îâß=b`= qìßÛîóK=

qâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^ïîâéìãîó’í=ãèðßíîãáÛîãéè=ãè=êìãðÛîß=êæÛÝßí=

qâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^ïîâéìãîó=ãí=ßèîãîæßÞI=Ûàîßì=Üßãèá=áìÛèîßÞ=ÛïJ îâéìãíÛîãéè=Üó=îâß=pîéÝåâéæç=`ãîó=`éïìîI=îé=ÝéèÞïÝî=ãèðßíîãáÛJ îãéèí=Ûî=Û=ÝéçêÛèó’í=Üïíãèßíí=êìßçãíßí=éì=éîâßì=êìßçãíßíK=qâß= `éççãîîßß=êìéêéíßí=îâÛî=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^ïîâéìãîó=Üß=áãðßè= ßòêìßíí=êéñßìíI=Ûàîßì=ÛïîâéìãíÛîãéè=Üó=Û=ÝéïìîI=îé=ÝÛììó=éïî=ãèðßíîãJ áÛîãéèí=ãè=âéçßí=ÛèÞ=éîâßì=êæÛÝßí=ïíßÞ=Üó=ÜéÛìÞ=çßçÜßìí=ÛèÞ= ßçêæéóßßí=éà=îâß=ÝéçêÛèó=îâÛî=ãí=îâß=íïÜäßÝî=éà=ãèëïãìó=ÝéèÝßìèãèá= ãèàìãèáßçßèî=éà=îâß=êìéâãÜãîãéèí=ãè=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî=éì=^ìîãJ Ýæßí=UN=ÛèÞ=UO=éà=îâß=b`=qìßÛîóK=

qâß=éÜæãáÛîãéè=éà=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^ïîâéìãîó=îé=ÛñÛãî=æßáÛæ=Ýéïèíßæ=

tâßè=îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^ïîâéìãîó=ãí=îé=ÝÛììó=éïî=Ûè=ãèðßíîãáÛîãéè= îâß=íïÜäßÝî=éà=îâß=ãèðßíîãáÛîãéè=ãí=ßèîãîæßÞ=îé=íïççéè=æßáÛæ=ÝéïèíßæK= mßèÞãèá=îâß=ÛììãðÛæ=éà=íïÝâ=æßáÛæ=Ýéïèíßæ=îâß=ãèðßíîãáÛîãéè=çÛó=èéî= íîÛìîK=qâãí=ãí=èéî=ÛêêæãÝÛÜæßI=âéñßðßìI=ãà=îâß=ãèðßíîãáÛîãéè=ãí=îâßìßÜó= ïèèßÝßííÛìãæó=ÞßæÛóßÞI=éì=ãà=îâß=ãèðßíîãáÛîãéè=âÛí=Üßßè=ÞßÝãÞßÞ=éè= ñãîâéïî=ÝéççïèãÝÛîãéè=ñãîâ=îâß=íïÜäßÝî=éà=îâß=ãèðßíîãáÛîãéèK=qâß= `éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî=ÞßðãÛîßí=âßìß=àìéç=`éççïèãîó=æÛñK=qâß=`éçJ çãííãéè=íâéïæÞ=ãè=èéìçÛæ=ÝÛíßí=Þßàßì=îâß=íîÛìî=éà=îâß=ãèðßíîãáÛîãéè= ãà=îâß=æßáÛæ=Ýéïèíßæ=çÛó=Üß=ßòêßÝîßÞ=îé=Ûììãðß=ñãîâãè=éèß=âéïìK=

fè=îâß=éêãèãéè=éà=îâß=`éççãîîßß=îâãí=ÞãààßìßèÝß=ãí=èéî=ñÛìJ ìÛèîßÞK=qâß=`éççãîîßß=îâßìßàéìß=êìéêéíßí=îâÛî=îâß=êìéðãíãéè=ãè= îâß=`éçêßîãîãéè=^Ýî=Üß=ÛçßèÞßÞ=íé=îâÛî=ãî=çéìß=Ýæéíßæó=Ûáìßßí= ñãîâ=`éççïèãîó=æÛñ=éè=îâãí=êéãèîK=qâß=`éççãîîßß=êìéêéíßí=îâÛî= îâãí=íâÛææ=Ûæíé=Ûêêæó=îé=ãèðßíîãáÛîãéè=éà=ßðãÞßèÝßK=

aÛîß=éà=Ýéçãèá=ãèîé=àéìÝß=

fî=ãí=êìéêéíßÞ=îâÛî=îâß=èßñ=ìïæßí=Ýéçß=ãèîé=àéìÝß=éè=N=^êìãæ=OMMRK= qâß=`éççãîîßß=àïìîâßì=êìéêéíßí=îñé=îìÛèíãîãéèÛæ=êìéðãíãéèíK=qâß= àãìíî=îìÛèíãîãéèÛæ=êìéðãíãéè=ãçêæãßí=îâÛî=îâß=èßñ=ìßáïæÛîãéè=ÝéèJ Ýßìèãèá=ÛááìÛðÛîãèá=ÝãìÝïçíîÛèÝßí=ñâßè=Þßîßìçãèãèá=Ûè=ÛÞçãèãíJ îìÛîãðß=àãèß=ãí=îé=Üß=ÛêêæãßÞ=îé=ãèàìãèáßçßèîí=Ûàîßì=îâß=ÞÛîß=éà=ÝéçJ ãèá=ãèîé=àéìÝßK=qâß=íßÝéèÞ=îìÛèíãîãéèÛæ=êìéðãíãéè=ãçêæãßí=îâÛî=îâß= èßñ=êßìãéÞ=éà=æãçãîÛîãéè=éà=îßè=óßÛìí=íâÛææ=Ûæíé=Üß=ÛêêæãßÞ=îé=ÝæÛãçí= Ûìãíãèá=Üßàéìß=îâß=ÞÛîß=éà=Ýéçãèá=ãèîé=àéìÝß=ÛèÞ=ñâãÝâ=âÛðß=èéî= ÜßÝéçß=íîÛîïîß=ÜÛììßÞ=Üßàéìß=îâÛî=ÞÛîß=ïèÞßì=éæÞßì=ìßáïæÛîãéèíK=

Författningsförslag

1. Förslag till lag om ändring i konkurrenslagen (1993:20)

eäìãáßèéç=àöìßíåìãðí=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=ENVVPWOMF= Þßæí=Ûîî=OU=ÛI=PPI=QU=éÝâ=RO=§§=íåÛææ=âÛ=àöæäÛèÞß=æóÞßæíßI= Þßæí=Ûîî=Þßî=íåÛææ=ãèàöìÛí=V=èóÛ=êÛìÛáìÛàßìI=PP=Û=–=PP=ã=§§I=Ûð=àöæJ äÛèÞß=æóÞßæíß=

Þßæí=Ûîî=Þßî=íåÛææ=ãèàöìÛí=ßè=èó=ìïÜìãå=èäìçÛíî=àöìß=PP=Û=§=Ûð=àöæJ äÛèÞß=æóÞßæíßK=

ióÞßæíß=ßèæãáî=plr=OMMPWTP= cöìßíæÛáßè=æóÞßæíß=

OU=Û=§

1

héèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=àåì=àÛíîíîäææÛí=îãææ=ßîî=æäáìß=Üßæéêê=äè= ðÛÞ=íéç=Üéìî=íåß=çßÞ=îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð=OU=§I=

NK=éç=àöìßîÛáßî=ã=ðäíßèîæãá=çåè=âÛì=ïèÞßìæäîîÛî=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûð= Þßè=ßáèÛ=ßææßì=ÛèÞìÛí=çßÞðßìåÛè=ã=öðßìîìäÞßæíßèI=ßææßì=

OK=éç=Þßî=àöìßæãááßì=ÛèÞìÛ=íäìíåãæÞÛ=íåäæ=íéç=âäèàöì=íãá=îãææ= àöìßîÛáßîK=

eÛì=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=ã=âöáíî=ðäíßèîæãá=çåè=ïèÞßìæäîîÛî=ßè=ïîìßÞèãèá= íéç=Ûðíßí=ã=àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=NI=àåì=Ûðáãàîßè=ßàîßìáßí=äðßè=ã=ÛèèÛî=àÛææ=äè= íéç=Ûèáßí=ã=OU=Ü=§K=

héèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=àåì= àÛíîíîäææÛí=îãææ=ßîî=âöáìß=Üßæéêê= äè=ðÛÞ=íéç=Üéìî=íåß=çßÞ= îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð=OU=§I=éç=àöìßJ îÛáßî=îãÞãáÛìß=âÛì=öðßìîìäîî=àöìJ ÜïÞ=ßèæãáî=ÞßèèÛ=æÛáK=

héèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=àåì= àÛíîíîäææÛí=îãææ=ßîî=âöáìß=Üßæéêê= äè=ðÛÞ=íéç=Üéìî=íåß=çßÞ= îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð=OU=§I=éç=àöìßJ îÛáßî=îãÞãáÛìß=âÛì=öðßìîìäîî=àöìJ ÜïÞ=ßèæãáî=ÞßèèÛ=æÛá=ßææßì=ßèæãáî= Ûìîãåßæ=UN=ßææßì=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK

1

Senaste lydelse 2002:595.

PP=§=

lç=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=ïêêíåîæãáßè= ßææßì=Ûð=éÛåîíÛçâßî=öðßìîìäÞßì= àöìÜïÞßè=ã=S=ßææßì=NV=§I=íåÛææ= àöìßîÛáßî=ßìíäîîÛ=Þßè=íåÛÞÛ=íéç= Þäìãáßèéç=ïêêåéççßì=àöì=ßîî= ÛèèÛî=àöìßîÛá=ßææßì=ßè=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîK=

oäîîßè=îãææ=íåÞÛè=ßìíäîîèãèá= àÛææßì=ÜéìîI=éç=îÛæÛè=ãèîß=ðäÝåí= ãèéç=àßç=åì=àìåè=Þßî=Ûîî=íåÛÞÛè= ïêêåéçK=

lç=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=ïêêíåîæãáßè= ßææßì=Ûð=éÛåîíÛçâßî=öðßìîìäÞßì= àöìÜïÞßè=ã=S=ßææßì=NV=§=ßææßì=ßèæãáî= Ûìîãåßæ=UN=ßææßì=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîI= íåÛææ=àöìßîÛáßî=ßìíäîîÛ=Þßè=íåÛÞÛ= íéç=Þäìãáßèéç=ïêêåéççßìK=

oäîîßè=îãææ=íåÞÛè=ßìíäîîèãèá= àÛææßì=ÜéìîI=éç=îÛæÛè=ãèîß=ðäÝåí= ãèéç=îãé=åì=àìåè=Þßî=Ûîî=íåÛÞÛè= ïêêåéçK=

pîéÝåâéæçí=îãèáíìäîî=äì=ÛææîãÞ=Üßâöìãá=Ûîî=êìöðÛ=àìåáéì=éç=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞ=ßèæãáî=ÞßèèÛ=êÛìÛáìÛàK=

_ßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=

PP=Û=§=

f=ßè=ìäîîßáåèá=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ= ßèæãáî=PP=§=àåì=ÞéçíîéæßèI=éç=Þßî= íåäæãáßè=åÛè=ÛèîÛí=Ûîî=ßîî=àöìßîÛá= äì=íåóæÞãáî=Ûîî=ßìíäîîÛ=ßè=íåÛÞÛI= àöì=Ûîî=Üßðãíèãèá=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ= íäåìÛí=éç=ßîî=ßìíäîîèãèáíÛèíêìåå= ÜßíæïîÛ=Ûîî=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá= àåì=áöìÛí=âéí=àöìßîÛáßî=àöì=Ûîî=íöåÛ= ßàîßì=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=åÛè=ÛèîÛí=âÛ= ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=éç= ÛèíêìååßîK=

bè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àåì= îãææåîÛí=ßèÞÛíî=éç=íåäæßè=àöì= åîáäìÞßè=ïêêðäáßì=Þßè=éæäáßèâßî= ßææßì=Þßî=çßè=ã=öðìãáî=íéç=åîáäìÞJ ßè=ãèèßÜäì=àöì=Þßè=íéç=ÞìÛÜÜÛí= Ûð=Þßè=ßææßì=àöì=èåáéî=ÛèèÛî=çéîJ íîåßèÞß=ãèîìßííßK=

PP=Ü=§=

fèèÛè=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ßèæãáî=PP=Û=§=çßÞJ ÞßæÛí=íåÛææ=çéîêÛìîßè=âÛ=àåîî=îãææJ àäææß=Ûîî=óîîìÛ=íãáK=

aéçíîéæßè=àåì=ÞéÝå=éçßÞßæJ ÜÛìî=çßÞÞßæÛ=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèáI=íéç=áäææßì=îãææ=Þßíí= ÛèèÛî=âÛì=ÜßíæïîÛîíI=éç=Þßî= ÛèèÛìí=àãèèí=ßè=ìãíå=Ûîî=âÛèÞJ æãèáÛì=íéç=âÛì=ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì= ïîìßÞèãèáßè=éç=ßìíäîîèãèáíÛèJ íêìååßî=íåÛààÛí=ïèÞÛèI=àöìíîöìí= ßææßì=àöìðÛèíåÛíK=

bîî=Üßíæïî=çßÞÞßæÛî=çßÞ=íîöÞ= Ûð=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=íåÛææ=íäèÞÛí= ßèÞÛíî=îãææ=íöåÛèÞßèK=käì=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáßè=ÜöìäÛì=íåÛææ=hìéèéJ àéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=öðßìæäçèÛ=ßîî= ßòßçêæÛì=Ûð=Üßíæïîßî=îãææ=Þßè=âéí= ðãæåßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=íåÛææ= áßèéçàöìÛíK=

PP=Ý=§=

bîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèá=ßèæãáî=PP=Û=§=àåì=çßÞÞßæÛí= ßèÞÛíî=éç=íöåÛèÞßè=íîäææßì=íäåßìJ âßî=âéí=Þéçíîéæßè=àöì=Þßè=íåÛÞÛ= íéç=åÛè=îãææàéáÛí=çéîêÛìîßèK= pÛåèÛì=íöåÛèÞßè=àöìçåáÛ=Ûîî= íîäææÛ=íäåßìâßîI=àåì=Þéçíîéæßè= ÜßàìãÛ=íöåÛèÞßè=àìåè=ÞßîK=f=àìåáÛ= éç=íæÛáßî=Ûð=íäåßìâßî=áäææßì=O=åÛêK= OR=§=ïîíöåèãèáíÜÛæåßèK=päåßìJ âßîßè=íåÛææ=êìöðÛí=Ûð=ÞéçíîéæßèI= éç=Þßè=ãèîß=áéÞåäèîí=Ûð=çéîJ êÛìîßèK=

f=àìåáÛ=éç=öðßìåæÛáÛèÞß=Ûð= Þéçíîéæßèí=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèá=éÝâ=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=âÛèÞJ

æäááèãèáßè=ã=âöáìß=Þéçíîéæ=áäææßì= ðÛÞ=íéç=àöìßíåìãðí=ã=ìäîîßJ áåèáíÜÛæåßè=éç=öðßìåæÛáÛèÞß=Ûð= Üßíæïî=ßèæãáî=NR=åÛêK=ìäîîßáåèáíJ ÜÛæåßèK=

PP=Þ=§=

bîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèá=ßèæãáî=PP=Û=§=íåÛææ=ãèèßJ âåææÛ=ïêêáãàîßì=éç=

NK=ðãæåßî=äèÞÛçåæßî=äì=çßÞ= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèI=éÝâ=

OK=ðãæåÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=àåì= ßàîßìíöåÛíK=

lç=Þßî=ÜßâöðíI=íåÛææ=ÞéçJ íîéæßè=äðßè=àöìéìÞèÛ=éç=ÛèÞìÛ= ðãææåéì=àöì=ðßìåíîäææÛèÞßîK=

PP=ß=§=

bîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèá=áäææßì=éçßÞßæÜÛìî=éÝâ= Þäìßàîßì=ã=îðå=çåèÛÞßìK=

PP=à=§=

bîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèá=ðßìåíîäææí=Ûð=åìéèéàéáÞßJ çóèÞãáâßîßè=ã=pîéÝåâéæç=ßèæãáî= Þß=ðãææåéì=íéç=Þéçíîéæßè=àöìßJ íåìãðãî=éÝâ=çßÞ=îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð= NJP=åÛêKI=NT=åÛêK=NJR=§§=íÛçî= NU= åÛêK=ïîíöåèãèáíÜÛæåßèK=aßè= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=Ûðíßì=íåÛææ= ïèÞßììäîîÛí=éç=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßè= ßèÞÛíî=éç=Üßíæïîßî=éç=ÜßðãíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=âÛì=îãææåéççãî=ßàîßì= Þßèèßí=âöìÛèÞßK=jóèÞãáâßîßè=âÛì= ìäîî=Ûîî=îÛ=åéêãéì=Ûð=éÝâ=áöìÛ= ïîÞìÛá=ïì=íåÞÛèÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=

Þßè=àåì=íöåÛ=ßàîßìK=

sãÞ=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=àåì=åìéèéJ àéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=ÛèæãîÛ=ÜãîìäÞß= Ûð=íÛååïèèãáK=

PP=á=§=

bè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àåì=ãèîß= éçàÛîîÛ=ßè=íåÞÛè=íåìãàîæãá=âÛèÞJ æãèá=íéç=Ûðíßí=ã=OT=åÛêK=O=§=ìäîîßJ áåèáíÜÛæåßèK=

lç=hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè= Ûèíßì=Ûîî=ßè=ðãíí=âÛèÞæãèá=Üöì= éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=éÝâ= Þßè=íéç=åîáäìÞßè=Ûèáåì=åÜßìéêÛì= Ûîî=âÛèÞæãèáßè=äì=íåóÞÞÛÞ=ßèæãáî= àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßîI=íåÛææ=âÛèÞæãèáßè= éçßÞßæÜÛìî=àöìíßáæÛí=éÝâ=íåóèÞJ íÛçî=öðßìæäçèÛí=îãææ=Þßè=Þéçíîéæ= íéç=ÜßíæïîÛî=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK= aéçíîéæßè=íåÛææ=ïîÛè=Þìöäíçåæ= êìöðÛ=éç=âÛèÞæãèáßè=äì=íåÞÛè= íéç=Ûèáßí=ã=àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßîK=

PP=â=§=

hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=íåÛææ= íèÛìÛíî=ßàîßì=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè= âåææÛ=éçâäèÞßìîÛáèÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì= îãææáäèáæãáÛ=àöì=íöåÛèÞßè=éÝâ= çéîêÛìîßèK=aßîîÛ=áäææßì=ÞéÝå=ãèîß= íåÞÛèÛ=ïêêáãàîßì=íéç=æãááßì= ïîÛèàöì=àöìßçåæßî=àöì=ïèÞßìíöåJ èãèáßèK=

hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=íåÛææ= ÞéÝå=ãèèÛè=âÛèÞæãèáÛìèÛ=âåææí= îãææáäèáæãáÛ=ïèÞßììäîîÛ=Þßî=ïèÞßìJ íöåîÛ=àöìßîÛáßî=éç=ðãæåÛ=ïêêáãàîßì= íéç=çóèÞãáâßîßè=Ûèíßì=æãááÛ= ãèéç=àöìßçåæßî=àöì=ÜßðãíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáßèK=må=àöìßîÛáßîí=ÜßáäìÛè=

íåÛææ=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè= íåóèÞíÛçî=öðßìæäçèÛ=îãææ=ÞéçJ íîéæßè=Ûîî=êìöðÛ=éç=ïêêáãàîßìèÛ= æãááßì=ãèéç=àöìßçåæßî=àöì=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáßèK=aéçíîéæßè=íåÛææ=áöìÛ= ÞßèèÛ=êìöðèãèá=íåóèÞíÛçîK=

PP=ã=§=

käì=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ=ðßìåíîäææÛí=âÛì= Þßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=Ûðíßì=ìäîî=Ûîî= îãææåÛææÛ=ßîî=äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞßK=f= ÛððÛåîÛè=êå=Ûîî=ÜãîìäÞßî=ãèíîäææßì= íãá=àåì=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßè=ãèîß=ÜöìäÛK= aßîîÛ=áäææßì=ÞéÝå=ãèîßI=éç=

NK=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=Þäìãáßèéç= éèöÞãáî=àöìÞìöäíI=ßææßì=

OK=Þßî=àãèèí=ßè=ìãíå=Ûîî=äèÞÛJ çåæßî=çßÞ=åîáäìÞßè=ÛèèÛìí=ãèîß= ïêêèåíK=

QU=§=

bîî=Üßíæïî=ßèæãáî=QT=§=àåì=Ûðíß= äðßè=èåáéè=ÛèèÛè=äè=Þßî=àöìßîÛá= íéç=äì=àöìßçåæ=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáK= bîî=íåÞÛèî=Üßíæïî=àåì=çßÞÞßæÛí= ÜÛìÛ=éç=

NK=ðÛÞ=íéç=àöìßíåìãðí=ã=QT=§= àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=N=éÝâ=P=äì=ïêêJ àóææîI=

OK=Þßî=àãèèí=íäìíåãæÞ=ÛèæßÞJ èãèá=Ûîî=ÛèîÛ=Ûîî=Üßðãí=àãèèí=âéí= Þßè=íéç=ÛèíöåÛè=ÛðíßìI=éÝâ=

PK=Þßèèß=ãèîß=ìäîîÛì=íãá=ßàîßì= ßîî=åæäááÛèÞß=ßèæãáî=QR=§=àöìíîÛ= íîóÝåßî=N=ßææßì=Þßî=ÛèèÛìí=àãèèí= ìãíå=Ûîî=Üßðãí=ïèÞÛèâåææí=ßææßì= àöìðÛèíåÛíK=

bîî=Üßíæïî=ßèæãáî=QT=§=àåì=Ûðíß= äðßè=ßîî=ÛèèÛî=àöìßîÛá=äè=Þßî= íéç=äì=àöìßçåæ=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáK= _ßíæïîßî=àåì=éÝåíå=Ûðíß=ÜéíîäÞßì= éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=ïîìóççßè=íéç=èóîîäÛí= Ûð=íîóìßæíßæßÞÛçöîßì=éÝâ=ÛèíîäææÞÛ= âéí=Þßî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=äì=àöìßçåæ=àöì= ïîìßÞèãèáK=bîî=íåÞÛèî=Üßíæïî=àåì= çßÞÞßæÛí=ÜÛìÛ=éç=

NK=ðÛÞ=íéç=àöìßíåìãðí=ã=QT=§= àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=N=éÝâ=P=äì=ïêêJ àóææîI=

OK=Þßî=àãèèí=íäìíåãæÞ=ÛèæßÞJ èãèá=Ûîî=ÛèîÛ=Ûîî=Üßðãí=àãèèí=âéí= Þßè=íéç=ÛèíöåÛè=ÛðíßìI=éÝâ=

PK=Þßèèß=ãèîß=ìäîîÛì=íãá=ßàîßì= ßîî=åæäááÛèÞß=ßèæãáî=QR=§=àöìíîÛ=

íîóÝåßî=N=ßææßì=Þßî=ÛèèÛìí=àãèèí= ìãíå=Ûîî=Üßðãí=ïèÞÛèâåææí=ßææßì= àöìðÛèíåÛíK=

RO=§=

käì=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íéç=âÛì=ÜßíæïîÛîí=ßèæãáî=QTI=QU=ßææßì=RS=Ü=§= íåÛææ=áßèéçàöìÛíI=âÛì=Þßè=âéí=ðãæåßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=íåÛææ= áßèéçàöìÛí=ìäîî=Ûîî=îãææåÛææÛ=ßîî=äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞßK=

f=ÛððÛåîÛè=êå=Ûîî=ßîî=íåÞÛèî= ÜãîìäÞß=ãèíîäææßì=íãá=àåì=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáßè=ãèîß=ÜöìäÛK=aßîîÛ= áäææßì=ÞéÝå=ãèîßI=éç=

NK=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ÞäìãáßJ èéç=éèöÞãáî=àöìÞìöäíI=ßææßì=

OK=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=âÛì=ÜßíæïîJ Ûîí=ßèæãáî=QV=§K=

f=ÛððÛåîÛè=êå=Ûîî=ßîî=íåÞÛèî= ÜãîìäÞß=ãèíîäææßì=íãá=àåì=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáßè=ãèîß=ÜöìäÛK=aßîîÛ= áäææßì=ÞéÝå=ãèîßI=éç=

NK=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ÞäìãáßJ èéç=éèöÞãáî=àöìÞìöäíI=ßææßì=

OK=Þßî=àãèèí=ßè=ìãíå=Ûîî=äèÞÛJ çåæßî=çßÞ=åîáäìÞßè=ÛèèÛìí=ãèîß= ïêêèåíK=

NK=aßèèÛ=æÛá=îìäÞßì=ã=åìÛàî=Þßè=N=Ûêìãæ=OMMRK= OK=aßè=èóÛ=Üßíîäççßæíßè=ã=OU=Û=§=îãææäçêÛí=êå=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì= ßàîßì=ãåìÛàîîìäÞÛèÞßîK=

PK=aßè=èóÛ=æóÞßæíßè=ã=PP=§=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=îãææäçêÛí=äðßè=êå= àéÞìãèáÛì=íéç=âÛì=åéççãî=îãææ=àöìß=ãåìÛàîîìäÞÛèÞßî=éÝâ=íéç=ãèîß= âÛì=êìßíåìãÜßìÛîí=ÞßííàöìãèèÛè=ßèæãáî=äæÞìß=ÜßíîäççßæíßìK=

2. Förslag till lag om ändring i lagen (1994:1845) om tillämpningen av Europeiska gemenskapernas konkurrens- och statsstödsregler

eäìãáßèéç=àöìßíåìãðí=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=æÛáßè=ENVVQWNUQRF=éç=îãææäçêJ èãèáßè=Ûð=bïìéêßãíåÛ=áßçßèíåÛêßìèÛí=åéèåïììßèíJ=éÝâ=íîÛîííîöÞíJ ìßáæßì=

Þßæí=Ûîî=R=§=íåÛææ=ïêêâöìÛ=Ûîî=áäææÛI= Þßæí=Ûîî=P=éÝâ=Q=§§=íåÛææ=âÛ=àöæäÛèÞß=æóÞßæíßK=

kïðÛìÛèÞß=æóÞßæíß= cöìßíæÛáßè=æóÞßæíß=

P=§=

käì=Þßè=ÜßâöìãáÛ=çóèÞãáJ âßîßè=áßèéçàöì=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåJ èãèá=êå=ÜßáäìÛè=Ûð=bïìéêßãíåÛ= áßçßèíåÛêßìèÛí=åéççãííãéè= ßèæãáî=Þß=ìäîîíÛåîßì=íéç=Ûèáßí=ã= R=§I=âÛì=Þßè=ìäîî=Ûîî=âéí=àöìßîÛá= éÝâ=àöìßîÛáííÛççÛèíæïîèãèáÛì=

NK=áìÛèíåÛ=ÜöÝåßì=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ= ÛààäìíâÛèÞæãèáÛìI=

OK=îÛ=åéêãéì=Ûð=ßææßì=áöìÛ= ïîÞìÛá=ïì=ÜöÝåßì=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ= ÛààäìíâÛèÞæãèáÛìI=

PK=ÜßáäìÛ=çïèîæãáÛ=àöìåæÛJ ìãèáÛì=êå=êæÛîíßèI=éÝâ=

QK=àå=îãææîìäÞß=îãææ=íÛçîæãáÛ= æéåÛæßìI=çÛìåéçìåÞßè=éÝâ=îìÛèJ íêéìîçßÞßæK=

cöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=áäææßì=éÝåíå= èäì=Þßè=ÜßâöìãáÛ=çóèÞãáâßîßè= Üãíîåì=åéççãííãéèßè=ðãÞ=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáÛì=ßèæãáî=Þß=ìäîîíÛåîßì= íéç=Ûèáßí=ã=R=§K=

käì=Þßè=ÜßâöìãáÛ=çóèÞãáJ âßîßè=áßèéçàöì=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåJ èãèá=êå=ÜßáäìÛè=Ûð=bïìéêßãíåÛ= áßçßèíåÛêßìèÛí=åéççãííãéè= ßèæãáî=ìåÞßîí=àöìéìÞèãèá=EbbdF= èì=QMSQLUV=Ûð=Þßè=ON=ÞßÝßçÜßì= NVUV=éç=åéèîìéææ=Ûð=àöìßîÛáíJ åéèÝßèîìÛîãéèßìI=âÛì=Þßè=ìäîî=Ûîî= âéí=àöìßîÛá=éÝâ=àöìßîÛáíJ íÛççÛèíæïîèãèáÛì=

NK=áìÛèíåÛ=ÜöÝåßì=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ= ÛààäìíâÛèÞæãèáÛìI=

OK=îÛ=åéêãéì=Ûð=ßææßì=áöìÛ= ïîÞìÛá=ïì=ÜöÝåßì=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ= ÛààäìíâÛèÞæãèáÛìI=

PK=ÜßáäìÛ=çïèîæãáÛ=àöìåæÛJ ìãèáÛì=êå=êæÛîíßèI=éÝâ=

QK=àå=îãææîìäÞß=îãææ=íÛçîæãáÛ= æéåÛæßìI=çÛìåéçìåÞßè=éÝâ=îìÛèJ íêéìîçßÞßæK=

cöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=áäææßì=éÝåíå= èäì=Þßè=ÜßâöìãáÛ=çóèÞãáâßîßè= Üãíîåì=åéççãííãéèßè=ðãÞ=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáÛì=ßèæãáî=íÛççÛ=àöìéìÞJ èãèáK=

Q=§

2

käì=bïìéêßãíåÛ=áßçßèJ íåÛêßìèÛí=åéççãííãéè=âÛì= ÜßíæïîÛî=éç=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá= ßèæãáî=Þß=ìäîîíÛåîßì=íéç=Ûèáßí=ã= R=§=âÛì=Þßè=ÜßâöìãáÛ=çóèÞãáJ âßîßè=ìäîî=Ûîî=àå=âÛèÞìäÝåèãèá=Ûð= åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=àöì=Ûîî= áßèéçàöìÛ=Þß=åîáäìÞßì=íéç= Ûðíßí=ã=P=§=NI=O=éÝâ=QK=

käì=bïìéêßãíåÛ=áßçßèJ íåÛêßìèÛí=åéççãííãéè=âÛì= ÜßíæïîÛî=éç=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá= ßèæãáî=ìåÞßîí=àöìéìÞèãèá=EbbdF= èì=QMSQLUV=Ûð=Þßè=ON=ÞßÝßçÜßì= NVUV=éç=åéèîìéææ=Ûð=àöìßîÛáíJ åéèÝßèîìÛîãéèßìI=âÛì=Þßè= ÜßâöìãáÛ=çóèÞãáâßîßè=ìäîî=Ûîî=àå= âÛèÞìäÝåèãèá=Ûð=åìéèéàéáÞßJ çóèÞãáâßîßè=àöì=Ûîî=áßèéçàöìÛ= Þß=åîáäìÞßì=íéç=Ûðíßí=ã=P=§=NI=O= éÝâ=QK=

cìåáéì=éç=âÛèÞìäÝåèãèá=ßèæãáî=ÞßèèÛ=êÛìÛáìÛà=êìöðÛí=Ûð= hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=ã=pîéÝåâéæçK=hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè= íåÛææ=ãèîß=ïèÞßììäîîÛ=àöìßîÛáßî=ßææßì=àöìßîÛáííÛççÛèíæïîèãèáßè=éç= Þßè=ÜßâöìãáÛ=çóèÞãáâßîßèí=ÜßáäìÛè=éç=âÛèÞìäÝåèãèá=ãèèÛè= ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=íåßìK=aäìïîöðßì=áäææßì=ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ã=ïîíöåJ èãèáíÜÛæåßè=éç=íåÞÛè=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=íéç=Ûðíßí=ã=NS=åÛêK=NM=§=Þßè= ÜÛæåßèK=

aßèèÛ=æÛá=îìäÞßì=ã=åìÛàî=Þßè=N=Ûêìãæ=OMMRK=

2

Senaste lydelse 1996:1441.

Förkortningar

bbd= bïìéêßãíåÛ=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=áßçßèíåÛêßè= bbp= bïìéêßãíåÛ=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=íÛçÛìÜßîíéçìåÞßî= bd=bïìéêßãíåÛ= áßçßèíåÛêßìèÛ= bdq= bïìéêßãíåÛ=áßçßèíåÛêßìèÛí=éààãÝãßææÛ=îãÞèãèá= br=bïìéêßãíåÛ= rèãéèßè= gq=gïìãÞãíå= qãÞíåìãàî= hi=héèåïììßèíæÛáßè= ENVVPWOMF= kg^= kóîî=gïìãÞãíåî=^ìåãð= héççãííãéèßè= bïìéêßãíåÛ=áßçßèíåÛêßìèÛí=åéççãííãéè= ja=jÛìåèÛÞíÞéçíîéæßè= mìéêK=mìéêéíãîãéè= o_=oäîîßáåèáíÜÛæåßè= obd= oäîîíàÛææííÛçæãèá=àöì=bïìéêßãíåÛ=áßçßèíåÛêßìJ èÛí=Þéçíîéæ=éÝâ=àöìíîÛãèíîÛèíìäîî= pcp=pðßèíå= àöìàÛîîèãèáííÛçæãèá= plr= pîÛîßèí=éààßèîæãáÛ=ïîìßÞèãèáÛì= qào= qãÞííåìãàî=àéì=oßîîíðßîßèíåÛê= NVVQ=åìí=æÛá= iÛáßè=NVQQWNUQR=éç=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=bïìéJ êßãíåÛ=áßçßèíåÛêßìèÛí=åéèåïììßèíJ=éÝâ=íîÛîíJ íîöÞíìßáæßì=

1. Uppdraget

1.1. Utredningens direktiv

rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=îãÞãáÛìß=æäçèÛî=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞßî=oßàéìçßìÛÞ= åéèåïììßèíöðßìðÛåèãèá=Eplr=OMMPWTPF=

bèæãáî=Þãìßåîãðßè=íåÛææ=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=áöìÛ=ßè=ÛææíãÞãá=êìöðèãèá=Ûð= éç=åìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ßèæãáî=hi=Üöì=ïîðãÞáÛí=éÝâI= éç=Þßî=Ûèíßí=æäçêæãáîI=àöìßíæå=äèÞìÛÞ=ìßáæßìãèáK=cöì=Þßî=àÛææ= ïîìßÞÛìßè=àãèèßì=Ûîî=áìïêêßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=Üöì=ïîðãÞJ áÛí=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=åéèíïçßèîßìI=íåÛææ=ïîìßÞÛìßè=éÝåíå=êìöðÛ=éç=Þßî=äì= æäçêæãáî=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=áßí=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=àöìÛ=éààßèîæãá= áìïêêîÛæÛè=ßèæãáî=æÛáßè=EOMMOWRVVF=éç=áìïêêìäîîßáåèáK=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=íåÛææ=Þäìïîöðßì=íß=öðßì=íäîîßî=Ûîî=ÜßìäåèÛ=åéèåïìJ ìßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßè=íÛçî=ìäîîíîãææäçêèãèáßè=ã= íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=ÛÝÝßííéìãíåÛ=ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛìK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=àåì=ÞßííJ ïîéç=æäçèÛ=àöìíæÛá=îãææ=äèÞìãèáÛì=äðßè=ã=ÛèÞìÛ=ÛðíßßèÞßèI=éç=Þßî= ðãíÛì=íãá=Ûîî=Þßî=àãèèí=íåãææèÛÞßì=çßææÛè=bdJìäîîßè=éÝâ=Þßè=èÛîãéJ èßææÛ=ìäîîßèK=

péç=àìÛçáãÝå=Ûð=Þßî=èäçèÞÛ=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞßî=àÛèèí=Þßííïîéç= èåáìÛ=àìåáéì=íéç=ßèæãáî=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=çßèãèá=åìäðÞß=ßè=çßì=ãèáåJ ßèÞß=ÛèÛæóí=äè=íéç=ðÛì=çöäæãá=çßÞ=îÛèåß=êå=Þß=åéìîÛ=îãÞíìÛçÛìèÛ= àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=ã=ßîÛêê=NK=aßî=áäææÞß=ÜæKÛK=àìåáÛè=éç=Þßî=ðÛì= æäçêæãáî=ã=Þßè=èóÛ=ìäîîíçãæäöè=Ûîî=ã=Þßè=íðßèíåÛ=æÛáßè=ïêêìäîîâåææÛ= çÛîßìãßææÛ=ìßáæßì=íéç=Ûððãåßì=àìåè=bdJìäîîßè=íÛçî=àìåáÛè=éç=Ûîî= ãèàöìÛ=ßè=æÛáìßáßæ=íéç=ïîîìóÝåæãáßè=àöìßíåìãðßì=Ûîî=hiWí=ÜßíîäçJ çßæíßì=íåÛææ=îãææäçêÛí=íå=Ûîî=Þßî=íîäççßì=öðßìßèí=çßÞ=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN= éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûðíåá=Ûîî=íîïÞßìÛ=ÞßííÛ=àìåáéì=ã= ßîÛêê=O=Ûð=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=ÛìÜßîßK=

aßííÛ=àìåáéì=–=éÝâ=äðßè=ÛèÞìÛ=íéç=åïèÞß=ÛåîïÛæãíßìÛí=–=íåïææß= ÜßâÛèÞæÛí=ã=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=íæïîÜßîäèåÛèÞßI=íÛÞßí=ÞßîK=rèÞßì=ÛìÜßîßîí= áåèá=âÛì=àìåáÛè=ã=Þãìßåîãðßè=éç=ÛÝÝßííéìãíåÛ=ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛì=åéççãî= ã=ßîî=èóîî=æäáß=áßèéç=Ûîî=ìåÞßîí=àöìéìÞèãèá=EbbdF=èì=QMSQLUV=Ûð= Þßè=ON=ÞßÝßçÜßì=NVUV=éç=åéèîìéææ=Ûð=àöìßîÛáíåéèÝßèîìÛîãéèßì=

ìßàéìçßìÛîí=éÝâ=åéççßì=Ûîî=ßìíäîîÛí=Ûð=ßè=èó=àöìéìÞèãèá=íéç= èóæãáßè=ÛèîÛáãîí=Ûð=çãèãíîßììåÞßî=ã=brK=aßè=èóÛ=àöìéìÞèãèáßè=äì= äèèï=ãèîß=êïÜæãÝßìÛÞK=^ð=ÞßííÛ=íåäæ=âÛì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=ßàîßì=íÛçìåÞ= çßÞ=käìãèáíÞßêÛìîßçßèîßî=Ûðíîåîî=àìåè=Ûîî=áöìÛ=öðßìðäáÛèÞßè= ßèæãáî=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=Þãìßåîãð=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=ÛÝÝßííéìãíåÛ=ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛìK= rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=èï=Ûðíîåîî=ã=àìåè=Ûîî=îÛ=ïêê=ðãííÛ=Ûð=Þß=àìåáéì=íéç= âöææí=öêêèÛ=ã=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞßîI=ßàîßìíéç=ìßáßìãèáßè=äèèï=ãèîß=îÛáãî= íîäææèãèá=îãææ=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛá=ã=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞßîK=

bèæãáî=Þãìßåîãðßè=íåÛææ=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=ìßÞéðãíÛ=íãîî=ïêêÞìÛá=ã=ÞßííÛ= ÞßæÛì=íßèÛíî=Þßè=PN=äÛèïÛìã=OMMQK=aãìßåîãðßè=íéç=âßæâßî=àìÛçáåì=Ûð= ÜãæÛáÛK=

f=ÞßîîÛ=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞß=ìßÞéðãíÛì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Þßè=ÛèÞìÛ=ßîÛêêßè= Ûð=íãîî=ïêêÞìÛáK=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=ã=îãææäááíÞãìßåîãðI=ÞãìK=OMMPWNTRI=àåîî=ïêêÞìÛáßî= Ûîî=îÛ=àìÛç=ßè=åéèåìßî=æÛáíîãàîèãèáíçéÞßææ=îãææ=ßè=åìãçãèÛæãíßìãèá=Ûð= àöìÜïÞßè=ã=hi=çéî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=íÛçÛìÜßîß=éÝâ=çãííJ Üìïå=Ûð=ßè=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá=éÝâ=áöìÛ=ßè=àöìÞäïêÛÞ=æÛáîßåèãíå= ÛèÛæóíK=aßî=ïêêÞìÛá=íéç=àìÛçáåì=Ûð=îãææäááíÞãìßåîãðßè=íåÛææ=ìßÞéJ ðãíÛí=íßèÛíî=Þßè=PN=ÞßÝßçÜßì=OMMQK=

1.2. Utredningsarbetet

rîìßÞèãèáíÛìÜßîßî=âÛì=ÜßÞìãðãîí=êå=íßÞðÛèæãáî=íäîî=çßÞ=ìßáßæÜïèÞèÛ= íÛççÛèîìäÞßèK=f=ÛìÜßîßî=âÛì=éÝåíå=ãèáåîî=íîïÞãßì=Ûð=æãîîßìÛîïì=éÝâ= ìäîîíàÛææK=fèàéìçÛîãéèíïîÜóîß=âÛì=íåßîî=áßèéç=ïèÞßìâÛèÞíåéèîÛåJ îßì=çßÞ=àöìßîìäÞÛìß=àöì=ÛèíðÛìãáÛ=çãèãíîßìãßì=ßææßì=åéèåïììßèíJ çóèÞãáâßîßì=ã=àæßìÛ=Ûð=brWí=çßÞæßçíæäèÞßìK=fèàéìçÛîãéè=âÛì=ÞäìïîJ öðßì=ãèâäçîÛîí=ðãÛ=bdJåéççãííãéèßèí=âßçíãÞÛ=–=æãåíéç=éæãåÛ= èÛîãéèßææÛ=çãèãíîßìãßìí=ßææßì=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßìí=âßçíãÞéì=–= êå=fèîßìèßîK=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=ðãÞ=Üßíöå=âéí=hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=ã= pîéÝåâéæç=ãèàéìçßìÛî=íãá=éç=çóèÞãáâßîßèí=ßìàÛìßèâßîßì=Ûð=ãççÛJ îßìãÛæìäîîíæãáÛ=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=éÝâ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=ßèæãáî= åéèåïììßèíæÛáíîãàîèãèáßèI=äàì=Ûðíèãîî=SK=

1.3. Utredningens fortsatta arbete

cöì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=åîßìíîåì=ßèæãáî=îãææäááíÞãìßåîãðßè=Ûîî=îÛ=àìÛç=ßè= åéèåìßî=æÛáíîãàîèãèáíçéÞßææ=îãææ=ßè=åìãçãèÛæãíßìãèá=Ûð=àöìÜïÞßè=ã=hi= çéî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=íÛçÛìÜßîß=éÝâ=çãííÜìïå=Ûð=ßè=ÞéçãJ èßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá=éÝâ=áöìÛ=ßè=àöìÞäïêÛÞ=æÛáîßåèãíå=ÛèÛæóíK=aßî= ïêêÞìÛá=íéç=àìÛçáåì=Ûð=îãææäááíÞãìßåîãðßè=åéççßì=Ûîî=ÜßâÛèÞæÛí=ã= ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=íæïîÜßîäèåÛèÞßK=

2. EG:s konkurrensregler

2.1. Bakgrund

héèåïììßèíêéæãîãåßè=âÛì=àìåè=Þßè=ßïìéêßãíåÛ=ãèîßáìÛîãéèßèí=ÜöìäÛè= ðÛìãî=ßîî=ãèíîìïçßèî=ã=ÛìÜßîßî=çßÞ=Ûîî=áßèéçàöìÛ=Þßè=áßçßèíÛççÛ= çÛìåèÛÞßèI=éÝâ=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=åéç=Ûîî=ãèèßâåææÛ=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßì= àöì=àöìßîÛá=íéç=Ûææîääçî=äì=éàöìäèÞìÛÞß=îãææ=íãîî=ãèèßâåææK=

f=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîí=ãèáìßíí=EàääìÞß=íîóÝåßîF=àìÛçâåææí=ÜßîóÞßæíßè=Ûð= ßè=íïèÞ=åéèåïììßèí=Þå=àöìÞìÛáßîí=çåæ=íåÛææ=àöìðßìåæãáÛíK=

f=Ûìîãåßæ=O=ã=àöìÞìÛáßî=Ûèáßí=áßçßèíåÛêßèí=öðßìáìãêÛèÞß=çåæI= èäçæãáßè=Ûîî=àìäçäÛ=ßè=âÛìçéèãíå=éÝâ=ðäæ=ÛððäáÞ=ïîðßÝåæãèá=Ûð= èäìãèáíæãðßî=ãèéç=áßçßèíåÛêßè=íéç=âßæâßîI=ßè=âåææÜÛì=éÝâ=ãÝåßJ ãèàæÛîéìãíå=îãææðäòî=íéç=îÛì=âäèíóè=îãææ=çãæäöèI=ßè=âöá=áìÛÞ=Ûð=ßåéJ èéçãíå=åéèðßìáßèíI=ßè=âöá=èãðå=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=íóííßæíäîîèãèá=éÝâ= íéÝãÛæî=íåóÞÞI=ßè=âöäèãèá=Ûð=æßðèÛÞííîÛèÞÛìÞßè=éÝâ=æãðíåðÛæãîßîßè= íÛçî=ßåéèéçãíå=éÝâ=íéÝãÛæ=íÛççÛèâåææèãèá=éÝâ=íéæãÞÛìãîßî=çßææÛè= çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛK=cöì=Ûîî=àïææáöìÛ=ÞßííÛ=ïêêáãàîßì=ÛèðãíÛì=Ûìîãåßæè= éæãåÛ=çßÞßæI=ÜæKÛK=Ûîî=ïêêìäîîÛ=ßè=áßçßèíÛç=çÛìåèÛÞ=éÝâ=ßè=ßåéèéJ çãíå=éÝâ=çéèßîäì=ïèãéèK=sãÞÛìß=âäèðãíÛí=îãææ=Ûìîãåßæ=PI=Þäì=Þßî= Ûèáßí=ã=ßîî=íîéìî=ÛèîÛæ=êïèåîßì=ðÛÞ=áßçßèíåÛêßèí=ðßìåíÛçâßî=íåÛææ= ãèèßàÛîîÛ=àöì=Ûîî=ïêêèå=çåæßèK=f=Ûìîãåßæ=P=á=èäçèí=”ßè=éìÞèãèá=íéç= íäåßìíîäææßì=Ûîî=åéèåïììßèíßè=ãèéç=Þßè=ãèìß=çÛìåèÛÞßè=ãèîß=íèßÞJ ðìãÞí”K=

bdWí=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßì=ãèáåì=íéç=ßè=ãèîßáìßìÛÞ=Þßæ=ã=Þßî=bdJ ìäîîíæãáÛ=ìßáßæíóíîßçßî=éÝâ=âÛì=ÞäìçßÞ=íÛççÛ=âïðïÞíóàîßè=íéç= ìßáßæíóíîßçßî=ã=íîéìîK=aß=íåÛææ=íåæßÞßí=àìäçäÛ=ãèîß=ÜÛìÛ=åéèåïìJ ìßèíßè=êå=Þßè=áßçßèíÛççÛ=çÛìåèÛÞßè=ïîÛè=äðßè=ãèîßáìÛîãéèßè= çßææÛè=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛK=^ææî=íßÞÛè=bd=ÜãæÞÛÞßí=âÛì=åéèåïììßèíJ êéæãîãåßè=ðÛìãî=ßîî=ðãåîãáî=çßÞßæ=ã=ÛìÜßîßî=çßÞ=Ûîî=áßèéçàöìÛ=Þßè= áßçßèíÛççÛ=çÛìåèÛÞßèK=bdWí=åéèåïììßèíìäîî=âÛì=ïèÞßì=åìßèí= æéêê=ïîðßÝåæÛîí=êå=éæãåÛ=íäîî=áßèéç=ÜæKÛK=íßåïèÞäììäîî=éÝâ=ìäîîíJ êìÛòãíK=aßèèÛ=åéèåïììßèíìäîî=âÛì=ã=íîéì=ïîíîìäÝåèãèá=íîåîî=íéç=

àöìßÜãæÞ=àöì=Þßè=èÛîãéèßææÛ=åéèåïììßèíæÛáíîãàîèãèáßè=ã=ßîî=àæßìîÛæ=Ûð= çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛI=ÜæKÛK=pðßìãáßK=

aß=çÛîßìãßææÛ=ìßáæßìèÛ=ã=bdWí=åéèåïììßèíìäîî=äì=Þãìßåî=îãææäçêæãáÛ= éÝâ=áäææßì=ìßÞÛè=ã=pðßìãáßK=

f=Þßî=àöæäÛèÞß=ìßÞéðãíÛí=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=íÛçî= îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèá=NLOMMP=íéç=Þßè=N=çÛä=OMMQ=ßìíäîîßì=èïðÛJ ìÛèÞß=ìßáæßì=ã=àöìéìÞèãèá=NTLSOK=

2.2. Materiella regler

aß=áìïèÞæäááÛèÞß=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ=àãèèí=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîí= ÛìîãåæÛì=UN=éÝâ=UO=íÛçî=ã=ìåÞßîí=àöìéìÞèãèá=EbbdF=èì=QMSQLUV=Ûð= Þßè=ON=ÞßÝßçÜßì=NVUV=éç=åéèîìéææ=Ûð=àöìßîÛáíåéèÝßèîìÛîãéèßìI=Þßè= íKåK=åéèÝßèîìÛîãéèíàöìéìÞèãèáßèK

1

^ìîãåßæ=UN=ìßáæßìÛì=íÛçÛìÜßîß=çßææÛè=àöìßîÛáK=^ìîãåßæ=UO=áäææßì= çãííÜìïå=Ûð=ßè=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèáK=héèÝßèîìÛîãéèíàöìéìÞJ èãèáßè=íîóì=åéèîìéææßè=Ûð=àöìßîÛáíàöìðäìðI=àïíãéèßì=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=åéèJ ÝßèîìÛîãéèßìK=eäìîãææ=àãèèí=ìßáæßìèÛ=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîí=Ûìîãåßæ=US=éÝâ= UT–UV=éç=éààßèîæãáÛ=àöìßîÛá=íÛçî=éç=íîÛîæãáî=íîöÞK=

^ìîãåßæ=UN=æóÞßìW=

Artikel 81

1. Följande är oförenligt med den gemensamma marknaden och förbjudet: alla avtal mellan företag, beslut av företagssammanslutningar och samordnade förfaranden som kan påverka handeln mellan medlemsstater och som har till syfte eller resultat att hindra, begränsa eller snedvrida konkurrensen inom den gemensamma marknaden, särskilt sådana som innebär att

a) inköps- eller försäljningspriser eller andra affärsvillkor direkt eller indirekt fastställs,

b) produktion, marknader, teknisk utveckling eller investeringar begränsas eller kontrolleras,

c) marknader eller inköpskällor delas upp,

d) olika villkor tillämpas vid likvärdiga transaktioner med handelspartners, varigenom dessa får en konkurrensnackdel,

1

Nämnda koncentrationsförordning kommer att ersättas av en ny koncentrationsförordning

som nyligen antagits av ministerrådet i EU. Den nya förordningen är ännu inte publicerad.

e) det ställs som villkor för att ingå avtal att den andra parten åtar sig ytterligare förpliktelser som varken till sin natur eller enligt handelsbruk har något samband med föremålet för avtalet.

2. Avtal eller beslut som är förbjudna enligt denna artikel är ogiltiga.

3. Bestämmelserna i punkt 1 får dock förklaras icke tillämpliga på – avtal eller grupp av avtal mellan företag, – beslut eller grupp av beslut av företagssammanslutningar, – samordnade förfaranden eller grupp av samordnade förfaranden, som bidrar till att förbättra produktionen eller distributionen av varor eller till att främja tekniskt eller ekonomiskt framåtskridande, samtidigt som konsumenterna tillförsäkras en skälig andel av den vinst som därigenom uppnås och som inte

a) ålägger de berörda företagen begränsningar som inte är nödvändiga för att uppnå dessa mål,

ÜF=

ger dessa företag möjlighet att sätta konkurrensen ur spel för en

ðäíßèîæãá=Þßæ=Ûð=ðÛìéìèÛ=ã=àìåáÛK=

cöì=Ûîî=àöìÜïÞßî=ã=Ûìîãåßæè=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=îãææäçêæãáî=åìäðí=èåáéè=àéìç=Ûð= öðßìßèíåéççßæíß=çßææÛè=îðå=ßææßì=àæßìÛ=àöìßîÛá=ßææßì=éÝåíå=ßîî=Üßíæïî= Ûð=ßè=àöìßîÛáííÛççÛèíæïîèãèá=ßææßì=ßîî=íÛçéìÞèÛî=àöìàÛìÛèÞßI=ÞðíK= Þßî=íKåK=ÛðîÛæíåìãîßìãßîK=aßî=åìäðí=ãèîß=Ûîî=ßîî=äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãèÞÛèÞß=ÛðîÛæ= ãèáåîîíI=ïîÛè=Þßî=åÛè=ìöìÛ=íãá=éç=æöíÛìß=öðßìßèíåéççßæíßìI=îKßòK= ìßåéççßèÞÛîãéèßì=ßææßì=áßèîæßçßèDí=ÛáìßßçßèîíK=cöìÜïÞßî=éçàÛîîÛì= ÜåÞß=âéìãíéèîßææÛ=ÛðîÛæI=ÞðíK=ÛðîÛæ=çßææÛè=àöìßîÛá=ãèéç=íÛççÛ=æßÞ=ã= ÞãíîìãÜïîãéèíåßÞäÛèI=éÝâ=ðßìîãåÛæÛ=ÛðîÛæI=îKßòK=ÛðîÛæ=çßææÛè=îãææðßìåÛìß= éÝâ=åîßìàöìíäæäÛìßK=f=Ûææçäèâßî=Ûèíßí=âéìãíéèîßææÛ=ÛðîÛæ=ðÛìÛ=çßì= íåÛÞæãáÛ=àöì=åéèåïììßèíßè=äè=ðßìîãåÛæÛ=ÛðîÛæK=påäæßî=îãææ=ÞßîîÛ=äì=Ûîî= âéìãíéèîßææÛ=ÛðîÛæ=ìöì=íÛçÛìÜßîß=çßææÛè=àÛåîãíåÛ=ßææßì=êéîßèîãßææÛ= åéèåïììßèîßìI=éç=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßìèÛ=äì=ðßìåíÛççÛ=êå=íÛççÛ=çÛìåèÛÞK=

dìäèíßè=çßææÛè=ÛðîÛæ=éÝâ=íÛçéìÞèÛÞß=àöìàÛìÛèÞßè=åÛè=çåèáÛ= áåèáßì=ðÛìÛ=âåìàãè=éÝâ=âÛì=ã=êìÛåîãåßè=ãèîß=íå=íîéì=ÜßîóÞßæíßK=cöìJ ÜïÞßî=çéî=íÛçéìÞèÛÞß=àöìàÛìÛèÞßè=ãèèßÜäì=ãèîß=Ûîî=àöìßîÛá=äì=àöìJ âãèÞìÛÞß=Ûîî=ÛèêÛííÛ=íãá=îãææ=âïì=åéèåïììßèîßìèÛ=ÛáßìÛì=êå=çÛìåJ èÛÞßèK=mÛìÛææßææî=ÜßîßßèÞß=Ûð=àöìßîÛá=Üßâöðßì=ã=íãá=ãèîß=ïîáöìÛ=ßîî= íÛçéìÞèÛî=àöìàÛìÛèÞß=çßè=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=ßîî=ãèÞãÝãïç=êå=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=àöìJ àÛìÛèÞßK=_ßáìßêêßî=àöìßîÛá=íåÛææ=îéæåÛí=ðãÞíîìäÝåî=éÝâ=éçàÛîîÛì= ðÛìäß=àóíãíå=ßææßì=äïìãÞãíå=êßìíéè=íéç=ÜßÞìãðßì=ðßìåíÛçâßî=Ûð=ßåéJ èéçãíå=ßææßì=åéççßìíãßææ=èÛîïìK=sßìåíÛçâßîßè=Üßâöðßì=ãèîß= ÜßÞìãðÛí=ã=ðãèíîíóàîßK=

cöìÜïÞßî=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKN=éçàÛîîÛì=ßèÞÛíî=àöìàÛìÛèÞßè=íéç=êåðßìåÛì= âÛèÞßæè=çßææÛè=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛI=Þßî=íKåK=íÛçâÛèÞßæíåìãîßìãßîK=hìãJ îßìãßî=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=ßîî=àöìàÛìÛèÞßî=ãèîß=åÛè=ÛèáìãêÛí=çßÞ=íîöÞ=Ûð=bdJ ìäîîßèI=éÛðíßîî=âïì=åéèåïììßèíâäççÛèÞß=Þßî=äìI=éç=ãèîß=âÛèÞßæè=

çßææÛè=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛ=êåðßìåÛíK=aßî=äì=Þäìßçéî=çóÝåßî=çöäæãáî= Ûîî=èÛîãéèßææ=åéèåïììßèíìäîî=ã=íå=àÛææ=äì=îãææäçêæãáK=_ßáìßêêßî=âÛèÞßæ= âÛì=Ûð=bdJÞéçíîéæßè=îéæåÛîí=ðãÞíîìäÝåîK=

_ßíîäççßæíßè=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKO=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=ßîî=àöìÜäïÞßî=ÛðîÛæ=äì= Ýãðãæìäîîíæãáî=éáãæîãáî=àìåè=Þßè=ÞÛá=Þßî=ãèáãÝåíK=láãæîãáâßîßè=åÛè=ã= àöìßåéççÛèÞß=àÛææ=Ûðíß=ßèÞÛíî=àöìÜäïÞèÛ=ÞßæÛì=Ûð=ßîî=ã=öðìãáî=áãæîãáî= ÛðîÛæK=_ßíîäççßæíßè=âÛì=Þãìßåî=ßààßåîI=ðãæåßî=çßÞàöì=Ûîî=èÛîãéèßææÛ= ÞéçíîéæÛì=åÛè=éáãæîãáàöìåæÛìÛ=ßîî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=ÛðîÛæ=íéç= àÛææßì=ïèÞßì=ÜßíîäççßæíßèK=

péç=àìÛçáåì=Ûð=Üßíîäççßæíßè=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKP=åÛè=ßîî=ÛðîÛæI=Üßíæïî= ßææßì=íÛçéìÞèÛî=àöìàÛìÛèÞß=ïèÞÛèîÛí=àìåè=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=Ûìîãåßæ= UNKNK=

^ìîãåßæ=UO=âÛì=àöæäÛèÞß=æóÞßæíßW=

Artikel 82

Ett eller flera företags missbruk av en dominerande ställning på den gemensamma marknaden eller inom en väsentlig del av denna är, i den mån det kan påverka handeln mellan medlemsstater, oförenligt med den gemensamma marknaden och förbjudet. Sådant missbruk kan särskilt bestå i att

a) direkt eller indirekt påtvinga någon oskäliga inköps- eller försäljningspriser eller andra oskäliga affärsvillkor,

b) begränsa produktion, marknader eller teknisk utveckling till nackdel för konsumenterna,

c) tillämpa olika villkor för likvärdiga transaktioner med vissa handelspartners, varigenom dessa får en konkurrensnackdel,

ÞF=

ställa som villkor för att ingå avtal att den andra parten åtar sig

ytterligare förpliktelser som varken till sin natur eller enligt handels-

Üìïå=âÛì=èåáéî=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=àöìßçåæßî=àöì=ÛðîÛæßîK

_ßíîäççßæíßè=ã=Ûìîãåßæè=Ûðíßì=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíèãèáÛì=íéç=ßîî= ßææßì=àæßìÛ=àöìßîÛá=îãææäçêÛì=ßèíãÞãáîK=_ßîóÞßæíßè=Ûð=Üßáìßêêßî=àöìßJ îÛá=äì=ÞßèíÛççÛ=íéç=ßèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKNK=aäìßçéî=åÛè=äðßè=áìïêêßì= Ûð=àöìßîÛá=ïîáöìÛ=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=ðãÞ=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=Ûìîãåßæ=UOK=aßî= áäææßì=äðßè=éç=àöìßîÛáßè=äì=âßæî=àìãíîåßèÞß=àìåè=ðÛìÛèÞìÛI=íKåK=åéæJ æßåîãð=ÞéçãèÛèíK=

_ßíîäççßæíßè=àöìÜäïÞßì=ãèîß=Ûîî=àöìßîÛá=ãèîÛì=ßè=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß= íîäææèãèáI=ïîÛè=ßèÞÛíî=Ûîî=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=çãííÜìïåÛì=ßè=íåÞÛè=íîäææèãèáK= bîî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=âÛì=ßè=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá=âÛì=ßîî=íäìíåãæî= ÛèíðÛìK=cöìßîÛáßî=àåì=ãèîß=áßèéç=íãîî=ÜßîßßèÞß=íåÛÞÛ=ßè=ßààßåîãð=éÝâ= àïèáßìÛèÞß=åéèåïììßèí=êå=Þßè=áßçßèíÛççÛ=çÛìåèÛÞßèK=aßî=

àìÛçáåì=Ûð=ìäîîíêìÛòãí=Ûîî=çãííÜìïåíÜßáìßêêßî=äì=éÜäßåîãðîK=^îî=ßîî= àöìßîÛá=âÛì=ßè=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=ÛðáöìÛèÞß=àöì=éç= Þßíí=ÜßîßßèÞß=íåÛææ=Ûèíßí=ïîáöìÛ=çãííÜìïå=ßææßì=ßäK=aßî=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî= ßîî=ðãííî=àöìàÛìÛèÞß=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=àöìÜäïÞßî=éç=Þßî=ðãÞîÛí=Ûð=ßîî=àöìßîÛá= çßÞ=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèáI=íÛçîãÞãáî=íéç=Þßî=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=îãææåîßî=éç= Þßî=ðãÞîÛí=Ûð=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=ãèîß=âÛì=ßè=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèáK=

f=æãåâßî=çßÞ=ðÛÞ=íéç=áäææßì=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=Ûìîãåßæ=UN=åìäðí=Ûîî=íÛçJ âÛèÞßæíåìãîßìãßî=äì=ïêêàóææîK=bîî=çãííÜìïå=Ûð=ßè=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææJ èãèá=åÛè=Þäìàöì=ãèîß=ÛèáìãêÛí=çßÞ=íîöÞ=Ûð=bdJìäîîßèI=éÛðíßîî=âïì= ÛææðÛìæãáî=Þßî=äìI=éç=ãèîß=íÛçâÛèÞßæè=êåðßìåÛíK=aßî=äì=Þäìßçéî=àïææî= çöäæãáî=Ûîî=èÛîãéèßææ=åéèåïììßèíìäîî=äì=îãææäçêæãá=êå=àöìàÛìÛèÞßîK=

2.3. Tillämpningsregler

OKPKN=jéÞßìèãíßìãèáíìßàéìçßè=

bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=ãèèßâåææßì=ãèáÛ=îãææäçêèãèáíìßáæßì=îãææ=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN= éÝâ=UOK=påÞÛèÛ=ìßáæßì=âÛì=îãææåéççãî=áßèéç=íäìíåãæÞÛ=àöìéìÞèãèáÛìK= aßè=áìïèÞæäááÛèÞß=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=âÛì=âãîîãææí=ðÛìãî=àöìJ éìÞèãèá=EbbdF=èì=NTLSOK=qãææ=àöæäÞ=Ûð=Þßè=íKåK=çéÞßìèãíßìãèáíJ ìßàéìçßè=ßìíäîîí=Þßè=ÞéÝå=Ûð=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèá=NLOMMP=éÝâ= íåÛææ=îãææäçêÛí=àìåè=éÝâ=çßÞ=Þßè=N=çÛä=OMMQK=

_ÛåáìïèÞßè=äì=Ûîî=åéççãííãéèßè=Þßè=OU=Ûêìãæ=NVVV=Ûèîéá=ßè=ðãîJ Üéå=éç=çéÞßìèãíßìãèá=Ûð=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìßíåìãàîßìèÛ=àöì=Ûìîãåßæ=UN= éÝâ=Ûìîãåßæ=UOK=sãîÜéåßè=ÜßìßÞÞßí=çßÞ=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛ=ãèéç=br= éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=ÜßìöìÞÛK=héççãííãéèßè=öðßìæäçèÛÞß=Þßè=OT=íßêîßçÜßì= OMMM=ßîî=àöìíæÛá=îãææ=ßè=èó=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèá=îãææ=ìåÞßîK=bàîßì=Ûîî= ã=îðå=åìí=îãÞ=âÛ=Üßìßîî=àöìíæÛáßî=ã=ßè=ìåÞíÛìÜßîíáìïêê=àöì=åéèåïììßèí= ÜßíæïîÛÞß=ìåÞßî=Þßè=OS=èéðßçÜßì=OMMO=Ûîî=ÛèîÛ=Þßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêJ èãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßèI=ìåÞßîí=àöìéìÞèãèá=EbdF=èì=NLOMMP=Ûð=Þßè= NS=ÞßÝßçÜßì=OMMO=éç=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ=ã=ÛìîãåJ æÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=

aßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=íóàîÛì=îãææ=Ûîî=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð= bdWí=åéèåïììßèíìäîî=íåÛææ=ÞßÝßèîìÛæãíßìÛí=íå=Ûîî=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛí= åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßì=íåÛææ=àå=ßè=çßì=àìÛçîìäÞÛèÞß=ìéææ=äè=ðÛÞ= íéç=âãîîãææí=âÛì=ðÛìãî=àÛææßîI=Þå=åéççãííãéèßè=âÛì=ðÛìãî=âßæî=ÞéçãJ èßìÛèÞßK=aßè=èïðÛìÛèÞß=àöìâÛèÞíåéèîìéææßè=ã=àéìç=Ûð=ãèÞãðãÞïßææÛ= ïèÞÛèîÛá=éÝâ=ãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßÜßíåßÞI=íéç=ÜßíæïîÛí=Ûð=åéççãíJ íãéèßèI=ÛðíåÛààÛíK=héççãííãéèßè=íåÛææ=ã=íîäææßî=åéèÝßèîìßìÛ=íãá=êå= Ûîî=ãèáìãêÛ=çéî=ÛææðÛìæãáÛ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=àöìÜïÞíìßáæßìèÛK=

OKPKO= jéîãðßè=ÜÛåéç=ìßàéìçßè=

jéÞßìèãíßìãèáíìßàéìçßè=âÛì=Ûð=åéççãííãéèßè=çéîãðßìÛîí=êå=àöæäJ ÛèÞß=íäîîK=

jßÞ=àöìéìÞèãèá=NTLSO=íåÛêÛÞßí=ßîî=íóíîßç=íéç=Üóááßì=êå=Ûîî= àöìÜïÞíìßáßæè=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKN=äì=Þãìßåî=îãææäçêæãá=éÝâ=Ûîî=ÛðîÛæ=íåÛææ= ÛèçäæÛí=êå=àöìâÛèÞ=àöì=Ûîî=åïèèÛ=ÜßðãæäÛí=ïèÞÛèîÛá=ßèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ= UNKPK=påðäæ=åéççãííãéèßè=íéç=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ÞéçíîéæÛì=éÝâ=èÛîãéèßææÛ= çóèÞãáâßîßì=åÛè=îãææäçêÛ=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKNI=çßè=Üßâöìãáâßî=Ûîî=ÜßðãæäÛ= ïèÞÛèîÛá=ßèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKP=áÛðí=ïîßíæïîÛèÞß=îãææ=åéççãííãéèßèK=

aßî=ÝßèîìÛæãíßìÛÞß=íóíîßç=àöì=áéÞåäèèÛèÞß=íéç=ãèàöìÞßí=ðÛì= èöÞðäèÞãáî=éÝâ=ßààßåîãðî=àöì=ïêêìäîîÛèÞßî=Ûð=ßè=”åéèåïììßèíJ åïæîïì”=ã=bïìéêÛK=qãææ=ßè=ÜöìäÛè=ðÛì=åéèåïììßèíêéæãîãå=ßîî=àöáÛ=åäèî= Üßáìßêê=ã=çåèáÛ=ÞßæÛì=Ûð=áßçßèíåÛêßèK=må=Þßè=îãÞßè=Þå=îéæåèãèáßè= Ûð=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKP=àéìîàÛìÛèÞß=ðÛì=éíäåßì=éÝâ=Þå=áßçßèíåÛêßèí=àìäçíîÛ= çåæ=ðÛì=Ûîî=ãèîßáìßìÛ=Þß=èÛîãéèßææÛ=çÛìåèÛÞßìèÛI=ðÛì=ßè=ÝßèîìÛæãíßìÛÞ= îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð=bdWí=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßì=Þßî=ßèÞÛ=æäçêæãáÛ=íóíîßçßîK= aßî=áÛð=åéççãííãéèßè=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=ßîÛÜæßìÛ=ßè=ßèâßîæãá=îãææäçêJ èãèá=Ûð=Ûìîãåßæ=UN=ã=âßæÛ=bd=éÝâ=Ûîî=àìäçäÛ=çÛìåèÛÞíãèîßáìßìãèáßè= áßèéç=Ûîî=âãèÞìÛ=àöìßîÛá=àìåè=Ûîî=åîßìíåÛêÛ=Þß=ÜÛììãäìßì=íéç=çßÞJ æßçííîÛîßìèÛ=áìÛÞðãí=âÛÞß=ÛðíåÛààÛîK=

dßèéç=íóíîßçßî=íåÛêÛÞßí=ßè=ïêêíäîîèãèá=ìßáæßì=íéç=èï=ÛÝÝßêJ îßìÛí=Ûð=ÛææÛ=çßÞæßçííîÛîßì=éÝâ=Ûð=èäìãèáíæãðßî=íéç=áìïèÞæäááÛèÞß= àöì=Ûîî=Þßè=ãèìß=çÛìåèÛÞßè=íåÛææ=àïèáßìÛK=sÛìäß=çßÞæßçííîÛî=âÛì=èï= ßè=èÛîãéèßææ=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßî=íéç=îãææäçêÛì=ÜåÞß=èÛîãéèßææ= åéèåïììßèíìäîî=éÝâ=Eèäì=Þß=âÛì=Üßàéáßèâßî=îãææ=ÞßîF=áßçßèíåÛêßèí= åéèåïììßèíìäîîK=

aß=íïÝÝßííãðÛ=ÛèíæïîèãèáÛìèÛ=Ûð=èóÛ=çßÞæßçííîÛîßì=êåðßìåÛÞß= ÛïîéçÛîãíåî=éçàÛîîèãèáßè=Ûð=åéççãííãéèßèí=ÜßâöìãáâßîK=aßííÛ= ïîðãÞáèãèáÛì=âÛì=ãèîß=æßîî=îãææ=èåáìÛ=ðäíßèîæãáÛ=äèÞìãèáÛì=Ûð=àöìéìÞJ èãèá=NTLSOI=îìéîí=Ûîî=áßçßèíåÛêßèí=ïîðßÝåæãèá=íßÞÛè=NVSO=âÛì=ðÛìãî= ÛèçäìåèãèáíðäìÞK=dßçßèíåÛêßè=çßÞ=íßò=çßÞæßçííîÛîßì=âÛì=Üæãðãî= ßè=ïèãéè=çßÞ=NR=çßÞæßçííîÛîßì=éÝâ=åéççßì=Ûîî=Üæã=äèèï=íîöììß= ßàîßì=èäíîÛ=åìí=ïîðãÞáèãèáK=aßè=ãèìß=çÛìåèÛÞßè=äì=îìéîí=ÛææÛ=íãèÛ= Üìãíîßì=ßè=ìßÛæãîßî=éÝâ=Þßè=båéèéçãíåÛ=éÝâ=çéèßîäìÛ=ïèãéèßè=âÛì= åéççãî=ãáåèáK=

pßÞÛè=SMJîÛæßî=âÛì=åéççãííãéèßèí=ìéææ=àöìíîäìåîíK=^èîÛæßî=äìßèJ Þßè=âÛì=öåÛî=Ûðíßðäìî=îãææ=àöæäÞ=Ûð=Þß=íÛççÛèîÛáèÛ=ßààßåîßìèÛ=Ûð= çÛìåèÛÞíãèîßáìßìãèáßèI=èóÛ=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìí=ÛèíæïîèãèáI=ãèáåßèÞß= Ûð=íÛçÛìÜßîíÛðîÛæ=çßÞ=îìßÞäß=æÛèÞ=éÝâ=íæïîæãáßè=áæéÜÛæãíßìãèáßè=Ûð= ßåéèéçãèK=qãææäçêèãèáíéçìåÞßî=àöì=áßçßèíåÛêßèí=åéèåïììßèíìäîî=

Üóááßì=êå=åìãîßìãßî=éç=êåðßìåÛè=êå=âÛèÞßæè=çßææÛè=çßÞæßçíJ íîÛîßìèÛK=dßèéçàöìÛèÞßî=Ûð=Þßè=ãèìß=çÛìåèÛÞßè=éÝâ=Þßè=íîßáðãíÛ= ãèîßáìßìãèáßè=Ûð=Þß=èÛîãéèßææÛ=çÛìåèÛÞßìèÛ=âÛì=Þäìàöì=éïèÞðãåæãáßè= æßîî=îãææ=ßè=öåèãèá=Ûð=ÛèîÛæßî=äìßèÞßè=íéç=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=áßçßèJ íåÛêíìäîîßèK=må=ßè=ãèîßáìßìÛÞ=çÛìåèÛÞ=åÛè=äðßè=ÛðîÛæ=çßææÛè=àöìßJ îÛá=íéç=äì=ßîÛÜæßìÛÞß=ã=ßè=éÝâ=íÛççÛ=çßÞæßçííîÛî=Þãìßåî=ßææßì= ãèÞãìßåîI=àÛåîãíåî=ßææßì=êéîßèîãßææîI=êåðßìåÛ=âÛèÞßæè=çßææÛè=çßÞJ æßçííîÛîßìèÛ=éÝâ=ÞäìçßÞ=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=îãææäçêèãèáíéçìåÞßî=àöì= áßçßèíåÛêíìäîîßèK=

póíîßçßî=çßÞ=àöìâÛèÞíÛèçäæÛè=éÝâ=çéèéêéæ=àöì=åéççãííãéèßè= Ûîî=ÜßðãæäÛ=ïèÞÛèîÛá=âÛì=æßîî=îãææ=Ûîî=åéççãííãéèßèí=îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð= åéèåïììßèíìäîîßè=âÛì=àöìíðåìÛîíK=aßè=àöìâÛèÞíåéèîìéææ=íéç=äì=ßè= Þßæ=Ûð=Þßî=áéÞåäèèÛèÞßíóíîßç=íéç=ãèàöìÞßí=áßèéç=àöìéìÞèãèá= NTLSO=âÛì=Þäìàöì=æßîî=îãææ=Ûîî=àöìßîÛáßè=íóíîßçÛîãíåî=âÛì=Ûèçäæî=íãèÛ= ÛðîÛæ=îãææ=åéççãííãéèßè=íéç=çßÞ=íãèÛ=ÜßáìäèíÛÞß=ÛÞçãèãíîìÛîãðÛ= ìßíïìíßì=íèÛìî=âÛçèÛî=ã=ßè=íãîïÛîãéè=Þäì=Þßè=éçöäæãáî=åïèèÛî=àÛîîÛ= àéìçßææÛ=Üßíæïî=ã=Þß=îïíßèîÛæí=äìßèÞßè=íéç=ãèåéççãîK=

cöìéìÞèãèá=NTLSO=åæäááßì=åéççãííãéèßèI=ã=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=ÛèîÛáJ ÛèÞßî=Ûð=ßîî=àéìçßææî=Üßíæïî=éç=ïèÞÛèîÛáI=Ûîî=ðãÞîÛ=èöÞðäèÞãáÛ= åîáäìÞßì=àöì=Ûîî=ïèÞßìíöåÛ=äìßèÞßîI=Ûîî=éààßèîæãááöìÛ=ßîî=îãææåäèèÛJ áãðÛèÞß=ã=bïìéêßãíåÛ=áßçßèíåÛêßìèÛí=éààãÝãßææÛ=îãÞèãèá=êå=àöì=èäìJ ðÛìÛèÞß=ßæðÛ=íêìåå=àöì=Ûîî=æäçèÛ=ÜßìöìÞ=îìßÞäß=çÛè=îãææàäææß=Ûîî=àìÛçJ àöìÛ=íãèÛ=íóèêïèåîßì=EÛìîãåßæ=NVKP=ã=àöìéìÞèãèá=NTLSOFI=Ûîî=íÛçìåÞÛ= çßÞ=Þßè=ìåÞáãðÛèÞß=åéççãîîéè=éç=ïîåÛíîßî=îãææ=Üßíæïî=éÝâ=Ûîî= éààßèîæãááöìÛ=Üßíæïîßî=ã=bdq=êå=ßæðÛ=íêìååK=

^èíðÛìßî=àöì=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=ìßáæßìèÛ=îéìÞß=Þäìàöì=åïèèÛ=àöìJ ÞßæÛí=çßìÛ=ääçÜöìÞãáî=çßææÛè=åéççãííãéèßè=éÝâ=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ÞéçJ íîéæÛì=éÝâ=çóèÞãáâßîßìK=aß=íãíîèäçèÞÛ=âÛì=àöìÞßæßè=Ûîî=àãèèÛí=èäìÛ= çßÞÜéìáÛìèÛ=éÝâ=Þß=êìéÜæßç=Þß=íîäææí=ãèàöìK=héççãííãéèßè=âÛì=èï= åéççãî=Ûîî=åéèÝßèîìßìÛ=íãá=çßìÛ=êå=Ûîî=íäåßìíîäææÛ=ßè=ßààßåîãð= åéèåïììßèí=áßèéç=Ûîî=ïêêîäÝåÛ=éÝâ=íîéêêÛ=áìäèíöðßìíåìãÞÛèÞß= åÛìîßææßì=éÝâ=ÜãÜßâåææÛ=åéèåïììßèíåìÛàîãáÛ=çÛìåèÛÞííîìïåîïìßìK= aßè=âÛì=éÝåíå=ÛèîÛáãî=ïîçÛèãèáÛì=íéç=åéèÝßèîìÛîãéèíåéèîìéææI= Ûðìßáæßìãèá=Ûð=âãîîãææí=çéèéêéæãíßìÛÞß=çÛìåèÛÞßì=éÝâ=ãèîßìèÛîãéJ èßææî=íÛçÛìÜßîßK=

bèæãáî=åéççãííãéèßè=ïêêðãíÛì=Þßî=èïðÛìÛèÞß=íóíîßçßî=àöì= îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=îðå=ÜßîóÞÛèÞß=íðÛáâßîßì=ã=ÞßèèÛ= èóÛ=çãæäöK=

cöì=Þßî=àöìíîÛ=áßì=Þßî=ãèîß=æäèáìß=ßîî=ßààßåîãðî=åéèåïììßèííåóÞÞK= héççãííãéèßèí=çéèéêéæ=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=Ûîî=îãææäçêÛ=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKP= ïîáöì=ßîî=ÜßîóÞÛèÞß=âãèÞßì=àöì=Þß=èÛîãéèßææÛ=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáJ

âßîßìèÛí=éÝâ=ÞéçíîéæÛìèÛí=ÛèíîìäèáèãèáÛì=Ûîî=îãææäçêÛ=åéèåïììßèíJ æÛáíîãàîèãèáßèK=f=ßè=ïîðãÞáÛÞ=áßçßèíåÛê=åÛè=åéççãííãéèßè=ãèîß= ßèíÛç=ÜäìÛ=ÛèíðÛìßî=àöì=áßèéçàöìÛèÞßî=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ= ãèéç=âßæÛ=ïèãéèßèK=^èçäæèãèáíéìÞèãèáßè=äì=Þßííïîéç=ãèîß=æäèáìß= ßîî=ßààßåîãðî=ìßÞíåÛê=àöì=Ûîî=íåóÞÞÛ=åéèåïììßèíßèK=aßè=æßÞßì= çóÝåßî=íäææÛè=îãææ=Ûîî=äìßèÞßè=íéç=ïîáöì=ßîî=ìßßææî=âéî=çéî=åéèåïìJ ìßèíßè=ÛðíæöäÛíK=^èçäæèãèáííóíîßçßî=âãèÞìÛì=àÛåîãíåî=åéççãíJ íãéèßè=àìåè=Ûîî=ÛèðäèÞÛ=íãèÛ=ìßíïìíßì=àöì=Ûîî=ïêêîäÝåÛ=éÝâ=ÜßãðìÛ=ÛææJ ðÛìæãáÛ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßìK=

aßè=ÛèÞìÛ=Üìãíîßè=ã=Þßî=èïðÛìÛèÞß=íóíîßçßî=äì=Ûîî=Þßî=æäááßì=ßè= Ûææîàöì=îïèá=ÜöìÞÛ=êå=èäìãèáíæãðßî=áßèéç=Ûîî=Þßî=öåÛì=åéíîèÛÞßìèÛ= àöì=Ûîî=àöæäÛ=ìßáßæðßìåßî=éÝâ=âãèÞìÛì=àöìßîÛá=àìåè=Ûîî=áßèéçàöìÛ=íãèÛ= ÛðîÛæ=ïîÛè=àöìßáåßèÞß=ÛèçäæÛè=îãææ=åéççãííãéèßè=äðßè=éç=Þß=ïêêJ àóææßì=ðãææåéìßè=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKPK=aßîîÛ=äì=îãææ=íäìíåãæî=íîéì=íåÛÞÛ=àöì=íçå= éÝâ=çßÞßæíîéìÛ=àöìßîÛá=àöì=ðãæåÛ=åéíîèÛÞßìèÛ=àöì=Ûîî=ÛèçäæÛ=ÛðîÛæI= éÝâ=ã=ÛðíÛåèÛÞ=Ûð=ÛèçäæÛèI=íðåìãáâßîßè=Ûîî=áßèéçàöìÛ=íãèÛ=ÛðîÛæ=åÛè= áß=ÞßííÛ=àöìßîÛá=ßè=åéèåïììßèíèÛÝåÞßæ=ã=àöìâåææÛèÞß=îãææ=íîöììß=àöìßJ îÛáK=

aßè=êæÛèßìÛÞß=ïîðãÞáèãèáßè=Ûð=áßçßèíåÛêßè=áöì=Þßî=äè=çßì= Ûèáßæäáßî=Ûîî=àïææàöæäÛ=éçÛìÜßîèãèáßè=Ûð=àöìéìÞèãèá=NTLSOK=bè= àìÛçîãÞÛ=ïèãéè=çßÞ=OR=ßææßì=àæßìÛ=çßÞæßçííîÛîßì=íîåì=ã=ïîíãåîK=bîî= Ûèçäæèãèáííóíîßç=çßÞ=àöìâÛèÞíáéÞåäèèÛèÞß=Ûð=ßè=ßèÞÛ=àöìðÛæîJ èãèáíçóèÞãáâßî=íåïææß=Üæã=àïææíîäèÞãáî=éâåææÜÛìî=ã=ßè=ïîðãÞáÛÞ= áßçßèíåÛêI=ßàîßìíéç=îïíßèîÛæí=ÛðîÛæ=íåïææß=åïèèÛ=åéççÛ=Ûîî=åìäðÛ= ãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßÜßíåßÞ=ã=àéìç=Ûð=ßè=ÛÞçãèãíîìÛîãð=íåìãðßæíß=àöì=Ûîî= åïèèÛ=áßèéçàöìÛíK=

jéî=ÞßèèÛ=ÜÛåáìïèÞ=àöìßíæéá=åéççãííãéèßè=Þßè=ìßàéìç=íéç= ãèèßÜÛì=Ûîî=ìåÞßî=ßàîßì=îðå=åìí=ÛìÜßîß=Ûèîéá=Þßè=èóÛ=àöìéìÞèãèá= NLOMMPK=

OKPKP= cöìâåææÛèÞßî=çßææÛè=bdJìäîîßè=éÝâ=èÛîãéèßææ=ìäîî=

^ìîãåßæ=P=ã=àöìéìÞèãèá=NLOMMP=ãèèßâåææßì=Üßíîäççßæíßì=éç=àöìJ âåææÛèÞßî=çßææÛè=å=ßèÛ=íãÞÛè=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî= éÝâ=å=ÛèÞìÛ=íãÞÛè=èÛîãéèßææ=åéèåïììßèíìäîîK=jßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛí= åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßì=éÝâ=ÞéçíîéæÛì=äì=åæÛáÞÛ=Ûîî=äðßè=îãææäçêÛ= ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=àöìÞìÛáßî=èäì=Þß=îãææäçêÛì=èÛîãéèßææ=åéèåïìJ ìßèíìäîî=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=ÛðîÛæ=éÝâ=àöìàÛìÛèÞßè=íéç=åÛè=êåðßìåÛ=âÛèÞßæè= çßææÛè=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛK=

qãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=èÛîãéèßææÛ=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßì=êå=ÛðîÛæI=Üßíæïî= ßææßì=íÛçéìÞèÛÞß=àöìàÛìÛèÞßè=íéç=àÛææßì=ïèÞßì=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKN=ã=àöìJ ÞìÛáßî=àåì=ãèîß=æßÞÛ=îãææ=àöìÜïÞ=çéî=íåÞÛèÛ=ÛðîÛæI=Üßíæïî=éÝâ=íÛçJ éìÞèÛÞß=àöìàÛìÛèÞßè=éç=Þß=ãèîß=éÝåíå=äì=àöìÜäïÞèÛ=ßèæãáî=áßçßèJ íåÛêßèí=åéèåïììßèíìäîîK=

jßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛ=âãèÞìÛí=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=àìåè=Ûîî=ãèéç=íãèÛ=îßììãîéJ ìãßì=ÛèîÛ=éÝâ=îãææäçêÛ=ßè=íîìäèáÛìß=èÛîãéèßææ=åéèåïììßèíæÛáíîãàîèãèá= íéç=àöìÜäïÞßì=ßææßì=ãèàöì=êåàöæäÞßì=çéî=àöìßîÛáí=ßèíãÞãáÛ=ÛáßìÛèÞßK= aßèèÛ=íîìäèáÛìß=èÛîãéèßææÛ=æÛáíîãàîèãèá=àåì=ãèèßâåææÛ=Üßíîäççßæíßì= éç=àöìÜïÞ=çéî=ßææßì=êåàöæäÞßì=àöì=çãííÜìïå=çéî=ßåéèéçãíåî= ÜßìéßèÞß=àöìßîÛáK=

OKPKQ= bè=Þãìßåî=îãææäçêæãá=ïèÞÛèîÛáíìßáßæ=

bè=Ûð=Þß=íîéìÛ=èóâßîßìèÛ=ã=Þßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=äì=Ûîî= åéççãííãéèßèí=àöìâÛèÞíåéèîìéææ=áßèéç=Üßíæïî=éç=ïèÞÛèîÛá=éÝâ= ãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßÜßíåßÞ=ÛðíåÛààÛí=éÝâ=ßìíäîîí=Ûð=ßè=Þãìßåî=îãææäçêæãá= ïèÞÛèîÛáíìßáßæK=

aßè=ÝßèîìÛæãíßìÛÞß=éìÞèãèá=çßÞ=åéççãííãéèßèí=ßòåæïíãðÛ= Üßâöìãáâßî=Ûîî=îãææäçêÛ=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKPI=íéç=ãèìäîîÛÞßí=áßèéç=àöìéìÞJ èãèá=NTLSOI=àöìíðåìÛì=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛí=ÞéçíîéæÛìí=éÝâ=åéèåïìJ ìßèíçóèÞãáâßîßìí=îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð=áßçßèíåÛêßèí=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìI= éÝâ=Þßî=Ûèçäæèãèáííóíîßç=Þßè=àöìßíåìãðßì=âãèÞìÛì=åéççãííãéèßè= àìåè=Ûîî=åéèÝßèîìßìÛ=íãèÛ=ìßíïìíßì=êå=Ûîî=ÜßåäçêÛ=Þß=ÛææðÛìæãáÛíîß= öðßìîìäÞßæíßìèÛK=aßííïîéç=çßÞàöì=Þßè=íîéìÛ=åéíîèÛÞßì=àöì=àöìßJ îÛáßèK=

héççãííãéèßèí=ßèíÛçìäîî=Ûîî=çßÞÞßæÛ=ïèÞÛèîÛá=ßèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ= UNKP=ïêêâöì=ÞäìàöìK=aßè=èïðÛìÛèÞß=éìÞèãèáßè=ßìíäîîí=çßÞ=ßîî= íóíîßç=çßÞ=Þãìßåî=îãææäçêæãáâßî=àöì=ïèÞÛèîÛáI=Þäì=çßÞæßçíJ íîÛîßìèÛí=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßì=éÝâ=ÞéçíîéæÛì=âÛì=Üßâöìãáâßî=Ûîî= ãèîß=ÜÛìÛ=îãææäçêÛ=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKN=éÝâ=Ûìîãåßæ=UOI=íéç=ßèæãáî=ìäîîíêìÛòãí= àìåè=bdJÞéçíîéæßè=äì=Þãìßåî=îãææäçêæãáÛI=ïîÛè=äðßè=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKPK=

dßèéç=Ûîî=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKP=Üæãì=Þãìßåî=îãææäçêæãá=íäåßìíîäææí=Ûîî=ÛðîÛæ= íéç=ïêêàóææßì=ðãææåéìßè=ã=Þßè=Üßíîäççßæíßè=âÛì=ìäîîíðßìåÛè=ïîÛè= ãèáìãêÛèÞß=àìåè=ßè=àöìðÛæîèãèáíçóèÞãáâßîK=

Äðßè=ìäîîßè=àöì=àöìßîÛáßè=Ûîî=ÛèíöåÛ=éç=ãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßÜßíåßÞ= ÛðíåÛààÛíK=héççãííãéèßè=åÛè=ÞéÝå=êå=ßáßî=ãèãîãÛîãð=àÛîîÛ=Üßíæïî=éç= Ûîî=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ãèîß=äì=îãææäçêæãáÛK=

OKPKR=dìïêêïèÞÛèîÛá=

bè=íäìíåãæÞ=àéìç=Ûð=ïèÞÛèîÛá=äì=áìïêêïèÞÛèîÛáK=bèæãáî=Þßè=èóÛ= îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=íåÛææ=íóíîßçßî=çßÞ=áìïêêïèÞÛèîÛá= àãèèÛí=åðÛìK=jßÞ=íîöÞ=Ûð=ßè=ìåÞíàöìéìÞèãèá=íåÛææ=åéççãííãéèßè= Ûææîíå=åïèèÛ=àöìåæÛìÛ=Ûîî=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKN=ãèîß=íåÛææ=îãææäçêÛí=êå=ðãííÛ= åÛîßáéìãßì=Ûð=ÛðîÛæI=Üßíæïî=Ûð=àöìßîÛáííÛççÛèíæïîèãèáÛì=ßææßì=íÛçJ éìÞèÛÞß=àöìàÛìÛèÞßèK=

OKPKS= héççãííãéèßèí=ïîìßÞèãèáÛì=

bîî=äìßèÞß=åéççßì=ßèæãáî=Þßè=èóÛ=éìÞèãèáßè=Ûîî=åïèèÛ=ãèãîãßìÛí= âéí=åéççãííãéèßè=áßèéç=åæÛáéçåæ=ßææßì=áßèéç=åéççãííãéèßèí= ßáßî=ãèãîãÛîãðK=dåèáßè=ã=ßîî=äìßèÞß=âéí=åéççãííãéèßè=åÛè=öðßìJ íãåîæãáî=ÜßíåìãðÛí=êå=àöæäÛèÞß=íäîîK=

pßÞÛè=ßîî=äìßèÞß=ãèãîãßìÛîí=îÛì=åéççãííãéèßè=íîäææèãèá=îãææ=éç=ßè= ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ=ãèæßÞÛí=éÝâ=åÛè=ðãÞ=Üßâéð=ÜöìäÛ=íÛçæÛ=ãè=ãèàéìJ çÛîãéèK=héççãííãéèßè=åÛè=àå=àìÛç=ãèàéìçÛîãéè=ãèàéìçßææî=áßèéç= ßòßçêßæðãí=Þãíåïííãéèßì=çßÞ=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=Ûèçäæî=ßîî=ÛðîÛæ=àöì= ïèÞÛèîÛáK=sãÞÛìß=åÛè=åéççãííãéèßè=áßèéç=Ûîî=àÛîîÛ=àéìçßææÛ= Üßíæïî=åæäááÛ=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=Ûîî=æäçèÛ=ãèàéìçÛîãéè=ßææßì=áßèéçàöìÛ= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=âéí=àöìßîÛáK=f=èäíîÛ=íåßÞß=Ûð=âÛèÞæäááèãèáßè=âÛì= åéççãííãéèßè=ßîî=ÛèîÛæ=éæãåÛ=ÛæîßìèÛîãðI=Þßæðãí=ÜßìéßèÞß=êå=ðãæåßè= îóê=Ûð=äìßèÞß=Þßî=ìöì=íãá=éçK=héççãííãéèßè=åÛè=éÝåíå=ÜßíæïîÛ=Ûîî= ãèîß=ïîìßÞÛ=ßîî=åæÛáéçåæ=ðãÞÛìßK=

lç=åéççãííãéèßè=ðäæäßì=Ûîî=ãèæßÞÛ=ßîî=àéìçßææî=àöìàÛìÛèÞß=àöì= Ûîî=ïîìßÞÛ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKN=ßææßì=UOI=íåÛææ=Þßè=ïîàäìÞÛ=ßîî= çßÞÞßæÛèÞß=éç=ÛèçäìåèãèáÛì=EíîÛîßçßèî=éà=éÜäßÝîãéèíFK=käì=ßîî= íåÞÛè=çßÞÞßæÛèÞß=ïîàäìÞÛîí=ãèîìäÞßì=äðßè=ðãííÛ=ìäîîãáâßîßì=àöì=Þßî= ßææßì=Þß=àöìßîÛá=íéç=äì=àöìßçåæ=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáßèI=ÜæKÛK=ìäîî=îãææ=ÛåîJ ãèíóè=éÝâ=ìäîî=Ûîî=êååÛææÛ=çïèîæãáî=àöìâöìK=fèèÛè=åéççãííãéèßè= àÛîîÛì=ßîî=íæïîæãáî=Üßíæïî=ã=äìßèÞßî=äì=Þßè=íåóæÞãá=Ûîî=ìåÞáöìÛ=çßÞ=Þßè= ìåÞáãðÛèÞß=åéççãîîéè=àöì=åÛìîßææJ=éÝâ=çéèéêéæàìåáéìI=íéç=Üßíîåì= Ûð=ìßêìßíßèîÛèîßì=àöì=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛK=aäìßàîßì=àÛîîÛì=åéççãíJ íãéèßè=ßîî=àéìçßææî=Üßíæïî=ã=äìßèÞßîK=héççãííãéèßè=âÛì=ÞéÝå=çöäJ æãáâßî=Ûîî=ÛðíæïîÛ=ßîî=äìßèÞß=ãèàéìçßææî=ïèÞßì=âßæÛ=âÛèÞæäááèãèáíJ îãÞßèK=

héççãííãéèßè=âÛì=éÝåíå=ìäîî=Ûîî=ÜßáäìÛ=ïêêæóíèãèáÛìK=aßî=åÛè= íåß=êå=ðãæåßî=íîÛÞãïç=íéç=âßæíî=ïèÞßì=ßè=ïîìßÞèãèáK=bè=ÜßáäìÛè=åÛè= íîäææÛí=îãææ=Þß=àöìßîÛá=íéç=äì=Þãìßåî=ãèÜæÛèÞÛÞß=ã=ßîî=äìßèÞß=çßè=åÛè=

éÝåíå=ìãåîÛí=îãææ=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìßîÛáI=îKßòK=åéèåïììßèîßìK=héççãííãéèßèí= ïîìóççß=àöì=Ûîî=ÜßáäìÛ=ïêêæóíèãèáÛì=äì=éçàÛîîÛèÞßK=aßî=çåíîß= ßçßææßìîãÞ=àöìßæãááÛ=ßîî=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßææÛè=Þßè=ãèàéìçÛîãéè=íéç=ßàîßìJ àìåáÛí=éÝâ=Þßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=äìßèÞßî=ìöìK=sÛÞ=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=åæäááí=àåì= ãèîß=âßææßì=ðÛìÛ=çßì=ÜßîïèáÛèÞß=äè=Ûîî=Þßî=íîåì=ã=êìéêéìîãéè=îãææ= åéççãííãéèßèí=ãèîìßííß=Ûð=Ûîî=àå=ãèàéìçÛîãéèßèK=påóæÞãáÛ=Ûîî=æäçèÛ= ãèàéìçÛîãéè=äì=àöìßîÛáßèí=äáÛìß=ßææßì=íîäææàöìßîìäÞÛìßK=

OKPKT= bîî=èäîðßìå=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßì=ãèéç=br=

qãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=ÞßÝßèîìÛæãíßJ ìÛí=îãææ=èÛîãéèßææÛ=çóèÞãáâßîßì=éÝâ=ÞéçíîéæÛì=ðãæåÛ=áßí=ßè=çßÞ= åéççãííãéèßè=êÛìÛææßææ=ÜßâöìãáâßîK=aßííÛ=èÛîãéèßææÛ=éìáÛè=åéççßì= Ûîî=îÛ=öðßì=îãææäçêèãèáßè=ã=ßè=ìÛÞ=àÛææ=íéç=ã=ÞÛá=âÛèÞæäááí=Ûð=åéçJ çãííãéèßèK=cöìÞßæèãèáßè=Ûð=äìßèÞßè=íåßì=ã=ßîî=èäîðßìå=Ûð=åéèJ åïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßì=ãèéç=br=Þäì=åéççãííãéèßè=äì=çßÞ=éÝâ=âÛì= ßè=ðãåîãá=ìéææK=oßàéìçßè=âÛì=íéç=öðßìáìãêÛèÞß=íóàîß=Ûîî=àìãáöìÛ= ìßíïìíßì=íéç=åÛè=íäîîÛí=ãè=çéî=Þß=ÛææðÛìæãáÛ=àÛææßèI=Ûîî=ßààßåîãðãíßìÛ= îãææäçêèãèáßè=éÝâ=ÞäìçßÞ=íîäìåÛ=åéèåïììßèíßèK=

cöì=Ûîî=íäåßìíîäææÛ=ßè=ßààßåîãð=îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð=áßçßèíåÛêßèí=åéèJ åïììßèíìßáæßì=áöìí=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßìèÛ=ã=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛ= çßìÛ=ÞßæÛåîãáÛ=ã=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=ìßáæßìèÛK=aß=íåÛææ=Þäìàöì=âÛ= Üßâöìãáâßî=Ûîî=îãææäçêÛ=áßçßèíåÛêíìäîîßèK=

OKPKU=rèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=

f=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=OM–OO=ã=àöìéìÞèãèá=NLOMMP=àãèèí=Üßíîäççßæíßì=éç= ãèíêßåîãéèßì=íéç=ÜßíæïîÛí=Ûð=åéççãííãéèßèI=éç=ÜãíîåèÞ=Ûð=èÛîãéJ èßææÛ=çóèÞãáâßîßì=éÝâ=éç=ÛèèÛî=íÛçÛìÜßîß=ðãÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛìK=

héççãííãéèßè=àåì=ßèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ=OM=áßèéçàöìÛ=ÛææÛ=èöÞðäèÞãáÛ= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=âéí=àöìßîÛá=éÝâ=àöìßîÛáííÛççÛèíæïîèãèáÛìK=cöì=Ûîî= íäåßìíîäææÛ=ßè=ßààßåîãðÛìß=îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO= ãèèßâåææßì=Þßè=èóÛ=àöìéìÞèãèáßè=ðãííÛ=àöìäèÞìãèáÛìI=ÜæKÛK=ìßáæßìÛí= çöäæãáâßîßìèÛ=Ûîî=àå=ßîî=ÞéçíîéæíÜßíæïî=êå=èÛîãéèßææ=èãðå=àöì=Ûîî= íîäðäÛ=ßîî=àöìßîÛáí=çöäæãáÛ=àöìíöå=Ûîî=çéîíäîîÛ=íãá=ßè=ãèíêßåîãéèK= héççãííãéèßèí=îääèíîßçäè=àåì=äðßè=Üßàéáßèâßî=Ûîî=àöìíßáæÛ=æéåÛæßì= éÝâ=ÛààäìíâÛèÞæãèáÛì=àöì=Ûîî=íäåßìíîäææÛ=Ûîî=Þéåïçßèî=ãèîß=ÛðæäáíèÛí= ßææßì=àöìíîöìíK=aß=ÜßçóèÞãáÛí=äðßè=Ûîî=íîäææÛ=çïèîæãáÛ=àìåáéì=íéç= ìöì=àöìßçåæßî=àöì=ãèíêßåîãéèßèK=

bèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ=ON=àåì=åéççãííãéèßè=ÜßíæïîÛ=éç=ãèíêßåîãéè=êå= ÛèèÛè=êæÛîí=äè=âéí=Þßî=ÜßìöìÞÛ=àöìßîÛáßîK=bîî=íåÞÛèî=Üßíæïî=àåì=ãèîß= áßèéçàöìÛí=ïîÛè=àöìâÛèÞíáéÞåäèèÛèÞß=Ûð=Þßè=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ìäîîíæãáÛ= çóèÞãáâßîßè=ã=Þßè=ÜßìöìÞÛ=çßÞæßçííîÛîßèK=lç=Þßî=àãèèí=ßîî=ÞéçJ íîéæíáéÞåäèèÛèÞß=íåÛææ=åéççãííãéèßèí=îääèíîßçäè=ðÛìÛ=ÜßçóèÞãJ áÛÞß=Ûîî=ïèÞßìíöåÛ=êìãðÛîÛ=ïîìóççßè=íåíéç=ÜéíîäÞßìI=éç=çãííJ îÛèåß=àãèèí=Ûîî=ìßæßðÛèîÛ=ÛààäìíâÛèÞæãèáÛì=àöìðÛìÛí=ÞäìK=

kãðåè=êå=Üöîßì=àöì=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=êìéÝßÞïììßáæßì=éÝâ=ðãîßè= âöäíK=aßî=èóÛ=íóíîßçßî=áìïèÞÛì=íãá=êå=Üßæéêê=ïîîìóÝåîÛ=íéç=êìéJ Ýßèî=Ûð=àöìßîÛáßèí=éçíäîîèãèáK=

må=ÜßáäìÛè=Ûð=åéççãííãéèßè=íåÛææ=ßèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ=OO=çßÞæßçíJ íîÛîßìèÛí=çóèÞãáâßîßì=áßèéçàöìÛ=Þß=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=åéççãíJ íãéèßè=àãèèßì=èöÞðäèÞãáÛK=

OKPKV= ÅîáäìÞßì=çéî=àöìÜäïÞèÛ=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíèãèáÛì=

héççãííãéèßè=âÛì=ìßÞÛè=ßèæãáî=àöìéìÞèãèá=NTLSO=ìäîî=Ûîî=åæäááÛ= àöìßîÛá=Ûîî=ïêêâöìÛ=çßÞ=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíßK=aßî=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=àìåáÛ=éç=Ûîî= àöìßîÛáßî=íåÛææ=ïêêâöìÛ=Ûîî=îãææäçêÛ=ßîî=ðãííî=ÛðîÛæI=ðãææåéì=ßææßì=ÛèèÛî= àöìÜäïÞßî=àöìàÛìÛèÞßK=bîî=åæäááÛèÞß=åÛè=äðßè=Ûðíß=ßè=ÛèèÛè=åîáäìÞI= îKßòK=Ûîî=íäæäÛ=îãææ=ßîî=ðãííî=àöìßîÛáI=Ûîî=ðãÞîÛ=ìäîîßæíß=ßææßì=Ûîî=àöìäèÞìÛ= êìãíßìK=jéîíðÛìÛèÞß=Üßíîäççßæíß=åîßìàãèèí=ã=Þßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêJ èãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=çßÞ=îðå=àöìäèÞìãèáÛìK=

cöì=Þßî=àöìíîÛ=åæÛìáöìí=Ûîî=åéççãííãéèßè=âÛì=Üßàéáßèâßî=Ûîî= àÛîîÛ=Üßíæïî=Þäì=Þßè=åéèíîÛîßìÛì=Ûîî=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=îãÞãáÛìß=âÛì= àöìßæßáÛîK=cöì=Þßî=ÛèÞìÛ=áßí=åéççãííãéèßè=Üßàéáßèâßî=Ûîî=åæäááÛ=Þß= ÜßìöìÞÛ=àöìßîÛáßè=Ûîî=ðãÞîÛ=ÛææÛ=åéììãáßìÛèÞß=åîáäìÞßì=íéç=äì=èöÞJ ðäèÞãáÛ=àöì=Ûîî=ßààßåîãðî=ÜìãèáÛ=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûîî=ïêêâöìÛK=aßîîÛ= ãèèßàÛîîÛì=äðßè=íîìïåîïìßææÛ=åîáäìÞßìI=ÞðíK=ÛðíåãæäÛèÞß=Ûð=ßè=Þßæ=Ûð= ßîî=àöìßîÛá=ßææßì=ÛðâäèÞÛèÞß=Ûð=îãææáåèáÛìK=

f=Ûèíæïîèãèá=îãææ=ÞßèèÛ=Üßíîäççßæíß=ãèàöìí=ßîî=èóîî=ãèíîìïçßèî= íéç=íÛåèÛì=çéîíðÛìãáâßî=ã=àöìéìÞèãèá=NTLSOK=f=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=ßîî= àöìàÛìÛèÞß=áßèéç=ðãæåßî=åéççãííãéèßè=Ûðíßì=Ûîî=àÛîîÛ=Üßíæïî=éç=Ûîî= ßè=êåíîåÞÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=íåÛææ=ïêêâöìÛ=áßí=åéççãííãéèßè=ßè= Üßàéáßèâßî=Ûîî=àÛîîÛ=Üßíæïî=éç=Ûîî=áéÞîÛ=ßîî=àöìßîÛáí=åîÛáÛèÞßèK= jéîîÛáÛìßè=äì=ÜïèÞßè=Ûð=Üßíæïîßî=çßÞ=åîÛáÛèÞßèÛK=_ßíæïîßî=äì=ãèîß= ÜãèÞÛèÞß=àöì=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ÞéçíîéæÛì=ßææßì=èÛîãéèßææÛ=åéèåïìJ ìßèíçóèÞãáâßîßì=ïîÛè=ÞßííÛ=åÛè=ÜßíæïîÛ=éç=çßì=ãèáìãêÛèÞß=åîáäìJ Þßì=äè=ðÛÞ=åéççãííãéèßè=âÛì=áäéìîK=f=Üßíæïîßî=íåÛææ=Þßî=åéèíîÛîßìÛí= Ûîî=Þßî=ãèîß=æäèáìß=àãèèí=íåäæ=àöì=ãèáìãêÛèÞßK=bèÞÛíî=ïèÞßì=ðãííÛ=íäìJ

íåãæÞÛ=éçíîäèÞæãáâßîßì=àåì=åéççãííãéèßè=îÛ=ïêê=àöìàÛìÛèÞßî=êå= èóîîK=dßèéç=Üßíæïîßî=åÛè=åéççãííãéèßè=áöìÛ=åîÛáÛèÞßî=ÜãèÞÛèÞßK= bèæãáî=àöìéìÞèãèáßè=íåÛææ=äðßè=ßè=èÛîãéèßææ=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßî= åïèèÛ=áéÞîÛ=åîÛáÛèÞßè=

OKPKNM=pÛèåîãéèßì=

_ßíîäççßæíßì=éç=Üöîßì=àãèèí=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=OP=ã=àöìéìÞèãèá=NLOMMPK= héççãííãéèßè=åÛè=åæäááÛ=àöìßîÛá=ßææßì=àöìßîÛáííÛççÛèíæïîèãèáÛì= Üöîßì=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=êìéÝßÞïììßáæßì=éÝâ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð= çÛîßìãßææÛ=ìßáæßìK=

_ßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=éç=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=çÛîßìãßææÛ=ìßáæßì=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî= àöìßîÛá=åÛè=Üæã=ÜöîàäææÞÛ=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ã= Ûìîãåßæ=UNKN=ßææßì=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=jéîíðÛìÛèÞß=áäææßì=éç=àöìßîÛá= åíãÞéíäîîßì=ßîî=åæäááÛèÞß=íéç=âÛì=ÜßíæïîÛîí=ã=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=Ûîî=åéçJ çãííãéèßè=ÜßíæïîÛî=éç=ïèÞÛèîÛá=ßèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKP=ã=àöìÞìÛáßîK=

sÛìäß=àöìßîÛá=íéç=âÛì=ÞßæîÛáãî=ã=ßîî=àöìÜäïÞßî=àöìàÛìÛèÞß=åÛè= åÞöçÛí=ÜöîßìK=_ßÞìãðí=ðßìåíÛçâßîßè=Ûð=ßè=àóíãíå=êßìíéèI=íåÛææ=Þßè= êßìíéè=íéç=Þìßð=ìöìßæíßè=èäì=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=ÜßáãÝåí=íðÛìÛ=àöì= ÛðáãàîßèK=lç=ðßìåíÛçâßîßè=ÜßÞìãðí=Ûð=ßè=äïìãÞãíå=êßìíéèI=àöæäßì= ÛèíðÛìßî=àöì=Üöîßì=Þßè=äïìãÞãíåÛ=êßìíéèßèK=Öðßìæåîßì=ßè=äïìãÞãíå= êßìíéè=Þßè=ìöìßæíßáìßè=ã=ðãæåßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=íåßîîI=íîÛèèÛì= ÛèíðÛìßî=åðÛì=âéí=Þßè=äïìãÞãíåÛ=êßìíéèßèK=

_öîßíÜßæéêêßè=åÛè=ðÛìãßìÛ=çßææÛè=ßîîïíßè=éÝâ=ßè=çãæäéè=ßïìé= ßææßì=âöáíî=îãé=êìéÝßèî=Ûð=àöìßáåßèÞß=åìí=éçíäîîèãèá=àöì=ðÛìäß= ãèÜæÛèÞÛî=àöìßîÛáK=cöì=Ûîî=Üöîßì=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=åæäááÛí=åìäðí=Ûîî=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßè=íåßîî=Ûð=éÛåîíÛçâßî=ßææßì=ïêêíåîæãáßèK=bdJÞéçíîéæßè=âÛì= ðãÞ=ßîî=ÛèîÛæ=îãææàäææßè=êìöðÛî=àìåáÛè=éç=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=íåÛææ=Ûèíßí= âÛ=íåßîî=ïêêíåîæãáßèK=aéçíîéæßè=âÛì=åéççãî=àìÛç=îãææ=Ûîî=ïêêíåî= íåÛææ=Ûèíßí=àöìßæãááÛ=ÜæKÛK=èäì=Þßî=ãèÜæÛèÞÛÞß=àöìßîÛáßî=ãèîß=åÛè=âÛ= ðÛìãî=éçßÞðßîßî=éç=Ûîî=àöìàÛìÛèÞßî=ã=àìåáÛ=âÛàî=îãææ=íóàîß=ßææßì=åïèèÛî= àå=îãææ=ßààßåî=Ûîî=âäççÛ=åéèåïììßèíßèK=bèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ=OPKR=ã= àöìéìÞèãèá=NLOMMP=âÛì=Üßíæïî=éç=Üöîßì=çßÞ=íîöÞ=Ûð=Ûìîãåßæè=ãèîß= íîìÛààìäîîíæãá=åÛìÛåîäìK=

OKPKNN=aéçíîéæíêìöðèãèá=

ÅîíåãææãáÛ=Ûð=åéççãííãéèßèí=Üßíæïî=åÛè=öðßìåæÛáÛí=éÝâ=ÞäìçßÞ= ïèÞßìíîäææÛí=êìöðèãèá=Ûð=ÞéçíîéæK=aßî=áäææßì=ã=àöìíîÛ=âÛèÞ=Üßíæïî= ðÛìãáßèéç=åéççãííãéèßè=âÛì=àÛíîíîäææî=Ûîî=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=âÛì= íåßîîK=héççãííãéèßèí=ÛðáöìÛèÞßè=êå=åéèåïììßèíéçìåÞßî=öðßìJ åæÛáÛí=îãææ=cöìíîÛãèíîÛèíìäîîßèK=käì=Þßî=áäææßì=Üßíæïî=éç=êåàöæäÞßì=äì= Þéçíîéæßèí=êìöðèãèáíìäîî=éãèíåìäèåîK=aßè=åÛè=Ûææîíå=ïèÞÛèìöäÛI= âöäÛ=ßææßì=íäèåÛ=êåàöìÞÛ=ÜöîßìK=f=ÛèÞìÛ=àÛææ=åÛè=Þéçíîéæßè=ÜÛìÛ=àÛíîJ íîäææÛ=ßææßì=éáãæîãáàöìåæÛìÛ=åéççãííãéèßèí=Üßíæïî=âßæî=ßææßì=ÞßæðãíK= cöìíîÛãèíîÛèíìäîîßèí=ÞéçÛì=åÛè=öðßìåæÛáÛí=îãææ=bdJÞéçíîéæßèI=çßè= ßèÞÛíî=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=ìäîîíàìåáéìK=

kÛîãéèßææÛ=ÞéçíîéæÛì=àóææßì=éÝåíå=ßè=ðãåîãá=àïèåîãéè=ðãÞ= îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=áßçßèíåÛêßèí=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìK=aß=íåóÞÞÛì= çßÞÜéìáÛìèÛí=ìäîîãáâßîßì=ßèæãáî=áßçßèíåÛêíìäîîßè=áßèéç=Ûîî= ÛðáöìÛ=îðãíîßì=çßææÛè=ßèíåãæÞÛI=îãææ=ßòßçêßæ=áßèéç=Ûîî=ïîÞöçÛ= íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=îãææ=Þßç=íéç=ïîíÛîîí=àöì=öðßìîìäÞßæíßìK=aß=èÛîãéèßææÛ= ÞéçíîéæÛìèÛ=åéçêæßîîßìÛì=ã=ÞßîîÛ=âäèíßßèÞß=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛí= åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßìK=aß=íåÛææ=Þäìàöì=åïèèÛ=îãææäçêÛ=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ= UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=àïææî=ïîK=

dßèéç=Þßè=èóÛ=àöìéìÞèãèáßè=âÛì=Þßî=Ûèíßîîí=èöÞðäèÞãáî=Ûîî= ãèìäîîÛ=çßîéÞßì=àöì=Ûîî=àöìíîäìåÛ=íÛçÛìÜßîßî=çßææÛè=åéççãííãéèßè= éÝâ=Þß=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ÞéçíîéæÛìèÛ=àöì=Ûîî=àìäçäÛ=ßè=ßèâßîæãá=îãææäçêJ èãèá=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UOK=

jßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛí=ÞéçíîéæÛì=àåì=ðãÞ=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ= UN=éÝâ=UO=ÜßáäìÛ=ïêêæóíèãèáÛì=ßææßì=óîîìÛèÞßè=àìåè=åéççãííãéèßè= èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=áßçßèíåÛêßèí=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìK= sãÞÛìß=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛ=îãææ=åéççãííãéèßè=íåÛææ=íäèÞÛ= ßè=åéêãÛ=Ûð=ÛðáöìÛèÞßè=Þäì=Ûìîãåßæ=UN=ßææßì=UO=îãææäçêÛîíK=jßÞæßçíJ íîÛîßìèÛí=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßì=éÝâ=åéççãííãéèßè=àåì=Þßííïîéç= êå=ßáßî=ãèãîãÛîãð=æäçèÛ=íåìãàîæãáÛ=óîîìÛèÞßè=îãææ=ßè=èÛîãéèßææ=ÞéçíîéæK= bàîßì=Þéçíîéæßèí=îãææåîßæíß=àåì=äðßè=çïèîæãáÛ=óîîìÛèÞßè=æäçèÛíK=cöì= ÞßîîÛ=äèÞÛçåæ=àåì=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛí=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßì=éÝâ= åéççãííãéèßè=ÜßáäìÛ=Ûîî=Þéçíîéæßè=öðßìíäèÞßì=ÛææÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì= íéç=äì=èöÞðäèÞãáÛ=àöì=ÜßÞöçèãèáßè=Ûð=çåæßîK=

OKPKNO=pßåìßîßíí=

dìïèÞæäááÛèÞß=Üßíîäççßæíßì=éç=íßåìßîßíí=àãèèí=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=OUT=ã=bdJ àöìÞìÛáßîK=^ð=Ûìîãåßæè=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=çßÞæßççÛì=Ûð=áßçßèíåÛêßèí= ãèíîãîïîãéèßìI=çßÞæßççÛìèÛ=Ûð=åéççãîîéßì=íÛçî=öðìãáÛ=îääèíîßçäè= ã=áßçßèíåÛêßè=íåÛææI=äðßè=ßàîßì=Þßî=Ûîî=ÞßìÛí=ïêêÞìÛá=ïêêâöìîI=ðÛìÛ= àöìêæãåîÛÞß=Ûîî=ãèîß=æäçèÛ=ïî=ïêêæóíèãèáÛì=íéç=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=îóíîJ èÛÞíêæãåîI=íäìíåãæî=ïêêáãàîßì=éç=àöìßîÛáI=ÞßìÛí=ÛààäìíàöìÜãèÞßæíßì= ßææßì=ÞßìÛí=åéíîèÛÞíàöìâåææÛèÞßèK=cöì=åéèåïììßèíéçìåÞßî=àãèèí= éÝåíå=Üßíîäççßæíßì=éç=íßåìßîßíí=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=OU=ã=àöìéìÞèãèá=NLOMMPK=

OKPKNP=påÛÞßíîåèÞ=

kåáéè=ïîîìóÝåæãá=Üßíîäççßæíß=éç=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=êå=áìïèÞ=Ûð= öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=Ûìîãåßæ=UN=ßææßì=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=àãèèí=ãèîßK=sãííÛ= íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìäîîíæãáÛ=êìãèÝãêßì=âÛì=ïîðßÝåæÛîí=ã=bdJÞéçíîéæßèí= êìÛòãíK=bè=íåÞÛè=êìãèÝãê=äì=Ûîî=éç=èÛîãéèßææ=ìäîî=áßì=ßè=çöäæãáâßî=îãææ= íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=èÛîãéèßææ=åéèåïììßèíìäîîI=äðßè= öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=bdWí=åéèåïììßèíìäîî=íåÛææ=âÛ=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=àöæäÞßìK=

3. Svensk konkurrensrätt

3.1. Materiella regler

hi=âÛì=ã=íîéì=ïîíîìäÝåèãèá=bdJìäîîßè=íéç=àöìßÜãæÞ=éÝâ=ãèèßâåææßì=ã= æãåâßî=çßÞ=bdJìäîîßè=àöìÜïÞ=çéî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=íÛçJ ÛìÜßîß=éÝâ=çéî=çãííÜìïå=Ûð=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá=íÛçî=Þßííïîéç= ìßáæßì=éç=åéèîìéææ=Ûð=àöìßîÛáíåéèÝßèîìÛîãéèßìK=

PKNKN= cöìÜïÞßî=çéî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=íÛçÛìÜßîß=

aßî=áßèßìßææÛ=àöìÜïÞßî=çéî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=íÛçÛìÜßîß= çßææÛè=àöìßîÛá=åîßìàãèèí=ã=S=§=hiK=mÛìÛáìÛàßè=æóÞßìW=

6 § Om något annat inte följer av beslut enligt 8 eller 15 § eller av 13, 17, 18 c eller 18 e §, är avtal mellan företag förbjudna om de har till syfte att hindra, begränsa eller snedvrida konkurrensen på marknaden på ett märkbart sätt eller om de ger ett sådant resultat. Detta gäller särskilt sådana avtal som innebär att

1. inköps- eller försäljningspriser eller andra affärsvillkor direkt eller indirekt fastställs,

2. produktion, marknader, teknisk utveckling eller investeringar begränsas eller kontrolleras,

3. marknader eller inköpskällor delas upp,

4. olika villkor tillämpas för likvärdiga transaktioner, varigenom vissa handelspartner får en konkurrensnackdel, eller

5. det ställs som villkor för att ingå avtal att den andra parten åtar sig ytterligare förpliktelser som varken till sin natur eller enligt handelsbruk har något samband med föremålet för avtalet.

cöì=Ûîî=àöìÜïÞßî=ã=êÛìÛáìÛàßè=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=îãææäçêæãáî=åìäðíI=ã=æãåâßî= çßÞ=ðÛÞ=íéç=áäææßì=ßèæãáî=bdJìäîîßèI=èåáéè=àéìç=Ûð=öðßìßèíåéçJ çßæíß=çßææÛè=îðå=ßææßì=àæßìÛ=àöìßîÛáI=ÛðîÛæíåìãîßìãßîK=fèîß=âßææßì=ßèæãáî= hi=åìäðí=ßçßææßìîãÞ=Ûîî=ßîî=äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãèÞÛèÞß=ÛðîÛæ=ãèáåîîíI=ïîÛè=Þßî= åÛè=ìöìÛ=íãá=éç=ãèàéìçßææÛ=öðßìßèíåéççßæíßìI=îKßòK=ìßåéççßèÞÛJ îãéèßì=ßææßì=íKåK=áßèîæßçßèDí=ÛáìßßçßèîíK=pÛçÛìÜßîß=çßææÛè=àöìßîÛá=

íéç=ãèáåì=ã=íÛççÛ=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=ßèâßîI=îKßòK=ã=èéìçÛæàÛææßî=àöìßîÛá= ãèéç=íÛççÛ=åéèÝßìèI=Ûèíßí=ãèîß=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=àöìÜïÞßî=ã=ÜßíîäçJ çßæíßèK=cöìÜïÞßî=éçàÛîîÛìI=æãåíéç=àöìÜïÞßî=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKN=ã=bdJ àöìÞìÛáßîI=ÜåÞß=âéìãíéèîßææÛ=éÝâ=ðßìîãåÛæÛ=ÛðîÛæK=bèæãáî=P=§=îìßÞäß= íîóÝåßî=hi=íåÛææ=ðÛÞ=íéç=íäáí=éç=ÛðîÛæ=îãææäçêÛí=éÝåíå=êå=Üßíæïî=Ûð= íÛççÛèíæïîèãèáÛì=Ûð=àöìßîÛá=éÝâ=íÛçéìÞèÛÞß=àöìàÛìÛèÞßè=Ûð= àöìßîÛáK=aßîíÛççÛ=áäææßì=ßèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ=UN=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=

_ßáìßêêßî=àöìßîÛá=àãèèí=ÞßàãèãßìÛî=ã=P=§=àöìíîÛ=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßèÛ= hiK=bèæãáî=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ

1

=äì=Ûðíãåîßè=Ûîî=Üßáìßêêßî=íåÛææ=âÛ=íÛççÛ=

ãèèßÜöìÞ=íéç=çéîíðÛìãáâßîßè=ã=bdJìäîîßè=Eêå=ßèáßæíåÛ=”ïèÞßìJ îÛåãèá”FK=iãåíéç=ã=bdJìäîîßè=íåÛææ=Þßî=âÛ=ßè=ðãÞíîìäÝåî=ãèèßÜöìÞ= éÝâ=éçàÛîîÛ=ðÛìäß=àóíãíå=ßææßì=äïìãÞãíå=êßìíéè=íéç=ÜßÞìãðßì=ðßìåJ íÛçâßî=Ûð=ßåéèéçãíå=ßææßì=åéççßìíãßææ=èÛîïìK=sßìåíÛçâßîßè= Üßâöðßì=ãèîß=ÜßÞìãðÛí=ã=ðãèíîíóàîßK=f=Þßè=çåè=ßè=ðßìåíÛçâßî=Üßíîåì=ã= çóèÞãáâßîíïîöðèãèá=éçàÛîîÛí=Þßè=ßçßææßìîãÞ=ãèîß=Ûð=Üßáìßêêßî= àöìßîÛáK=

PKNKO=`ãðãæìäîîíæãá= éáãæîãáâßî=

^ð=Üßíîäççßæíßè=ã=T=§=hi=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=ÛðîÛæ=ßææßì=ÛðîÛæíðãææåéì=íéç= äì=àöìÜäïÞèÛ=ßèæãáî=S=§=hi=äì=Ýãðãæìäîîíæãáî=éáãæîãáÛK=aßî=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî= ÛðîÛæßî=ßææßì=ðãææåéìßî=ãèîß=åÛè=áöìÛí=áäææÛèÞß=ßèæãáî=íãîî=ãèèßâåææK=

PKNKP=rèÞÛèîÛá=

oßáæßì=éç=ïèÞÛèîÛá=àãèèí=ã=U=§=hiK=mÛìÛáìÛàßè=æóÞßìW=

8 § Konkurrensverket får i det särskilda fallet besluta om undantag från förbudet i 6 § för ett avtal som

1. bidrar till att förbättra produktionen eller distributionen eller till att främja tekniskt eller ekonomiskt framåtskridande,

2. tillförsäkrar konsumenterna en skälig andel av den vinst som därigenom uppnås,

3. bara ålägger de berörda företagen begränsningar som är nödvändiga för att uppnå målet i 1, och

4. inte ger de berörda företagen möjlighet att sätta konkurrensen ur spel för en väsentlig del av nyttigheterna i fråga.

mÛìÛáìÛàßè=çéîíðÛìÛì=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKP=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=bè=àöìïîíäîîèãèá= àöì=Ûîî=Üßíîäççßæíßè=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=îãææäçêæãá=äì=Ûîî=ÛðîÛæßî=íîìãÞßì=çéî=

1

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 66.

àöìÜïÞßî=ã=S=§K=f=æãåâßî=çßÞ=ðÛÞ=íéç=áäææßì=ãèéç=bdJìäîîßè=çåíîß= íÛçîæãáÛ=Þß=ðãææåéì=íéç=Ûèáßí=ã=Üßíîäççßæíßè=ðÛìÛ=ïêêàóææÞÛ=àöì=Ûîî= ïèÞÛèîÛá=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=çßÞáßíK=bèÞÛíî=éç=ÛðîÛæßî=Ûèçäæí=îãææ=héèJ åïììßèíðßìåßî=àåì=ðßìåßî=ÜßíæïîÛ=éç=ïèÞÛèîÛá=EV=§=hiFK=bîî=ïèÞÛèJ îÛá=ÜßíæïîÛí=ÛææîãÞ=àöì=ßè=ÜßáìäèíÛÞ=îãÞ=çßè=åÛè=áßí=çßÞ=ìßîìéÛåîãð= ðßìåÛè=éÝâ=åÛè=àöìèóÛíK=rèÞÛèîÛáßî=åÛè=àöìßèÛí=çßÞ=ðãææåéì=éÝâ= åæäááÛèÞßèK=

_ßíîäççßæíßì=éç=åîßìåÛææßæíß=ßææßì=äèÞìãèá=Ûð=Üßíæïî=éç=ïèÞÛèJ îÛá=àãèèí=ã=NO=§=hiK=^ð=ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=ßîî=íåÞÛèî= Üßíæïî=åÛè=åîßìåÛææÛí=ßææßì=äèÞìÛíI=éç=Þß=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=íéç=æßáÛî= îãææ=áìïèÞ=àöì=Üßíæïîßî=âÛì=àöìäèÞìÛîí=ã=èåáéî=ðäíßèîæãáî=ÛðíßßèÞßK= sãÞÛìß=åÛè=Üßíæïîßî=åîßìåÛææÛí=ßææßì=äèÞìÛíI=éç=Þß=íéç=Üßíæïîßî= áäææßì=Üìóîßì=çéî=èåáéî=åæäááÛèÞß=íéç=âÛì=Ûèáßîîí=ã=Üßíæïîßî=ßææßì= éç=Üßíæïîßî=áìïèÞÛÞßí=êå=éìãåîãáÛ=ßææßì=ðãæíßæßÞÛèÞß=ïêêáãàîßìK= Äðßè=çãííÜìïå=Ûð=ïèÞÛèîÛáßî=åÛè=àöìÛèæßÞÛ=Ûîî=Üßíæïîßî=åîßìåÛææÛí= ßææßì=äèÞìÛíK=

bè=Ûð=Þß=íîéìÛ=èóâßîßìèÛ=ã=Þßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè= NLOMMP=äì=Ûîî=åéççãííãéèßèí=àöìâÛèÞíåéèîìéææ=áßèéç=ÜæKÛK=Üßíæïî= éç=ïèÞÛèîÛá=ÛðíåÛààÛí=éÝâ=ßìíäîîí=Ûð=ßè=Þãìßåî=îãææäçêæãá=ïèÞÛèJ îÛáíìßáßæK=jéî=Þßè=ÜÛåáìïèÞßè=âÛì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=ã=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞßî= oßàéìçßìÛÞ=åéèåïììßèíöðßìðÛåèãèá=Eplr=OMMPWTPF=àöìßíæÛáãî=Ûîî= ïèÞÛèîÛá=êå=èÛîãéèßææ=èãðå=éÝåíå=íåÛææ=ÛðíåÛààÛíK=pÛçîãÞãáî=àöìßíæéá= ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûîî=ßè=Þãìßåî=îãææäçêæãá=ïèÞÛèîÛáíìßáßæ=ãèàöìí=ãíîäææßîK= jßÞ=Þßè=àöìßíæÛáèÛ=éìÞèãèáßè=ÜßÞöçßì=àöìßîÛáßè=íääæðÛ=éç=ÞßìÛí= ÛðîÛæ=éÝâ=àöìàÛìÛèÞßè=äì=àöìßèæãáÛ=çßÞ=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛK=

PKNKQ=dìïêêïèÞÛèîÛá=

bè=íîéì=ÛèÞßæ=Ûð=Þß=ÛðîÛæ=íéç=åÛè=åéççÛ=ã=àìåáÛ=àöì=ïèÞÛèîÛá= ßèæãáî=Üßíîäççßæíßè=ã=U=§=hi=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=éæãåÛ=áìïêêïèÞÛèîÛáK= fèèßÜöìÞßè=Ûð=ßîî=áìïêêïèÞÛèîÛá=äìI=æãåíéç=ã=bdJìäîîßèI=Ûîî=ðãííÛ= îóêßì=Ûð=ÛðîÛæI=íéç=ïêêàóææßì=åìÛðßè=àöì=ãèÞãðãÞïßææÛ=ïèÞÛèîÛáI= çßÞáßí=áßèßìßææî=ïèÞÛèîÛá=àìåè=àöìÜïÞßî=çéî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèJ íÛèÞß=íÛçÛìÜßîß=ïîÛè=Ûîî=ÛðîÛæßî=Üßâöðßì=ÛèçäæÛí=îãææ=héèåïììßèíJ ðßìåßîK=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=ã=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞßî=oßàéìçßìÛÞ=åéèåïììßèíöðßìJ ðÛåèãèá=Eplr=OMMPWTPF=àöìßíæÛáãî=Ûîî=Þßî=íðßèíåÛ=íóíîßçßî=çßÞ= áìïêêïèÞÛèîÛáíàöìéìÞèãèáÛì=íåÛææ=ÛðíåÛààÛíK=

PKNKR= cöìÜïÞßî=çéî=çãííÜìïå=Ûð=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá=

_ßíîäççßæíßè=éç=àöìÜïÞ=çéî=çãííÜìïå=Ûð=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá= Üóááßì=êå=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=àöìÜïÞ=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=_ßíîäçJ çßæíßè=àãèèí=ã=NV=§=hiI=íéç=æóÞßìW=

19 § Missbruk från ett eller flera företags sida av en dominerande ställning på marknaden är förbjudet. Sådant missbruk kan särskilt bestå i att

1. direkt eller indirekt påtvinga någon oskäliga inköps- eller försäljningspriser eller andra oskäliga affärsvillkor,

2. begränsa produktion, marknader eller teknisk utveckling till nackdel för konsumenterna,

3. tillämpa olika villkor för likvärdiga transaktioner, varigenom vissa handelspartner får en konkurrensnackdel, eller

4. ställa som villkor för att ingå ett avtal att den andra parten åtar sig ytterligare förpliktelser som varken till sin natur eller enligt

âÛèÞßæíÜìïå=âÛì=èåáéî=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=àöìßçåæßî=àöì=ÛðîÛæßîK

f=æãåâßî=çßÞ=ðÛÞ=íéç=áäææßì=ã=bdJìäîîßè=äì=ßîî=ßææßì=àæßìÛ=àöìßîÛáí= ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá=ã=íãá=ãèîß=àöìÜäïÞßèK=aßî=äì=ßèÞÛíî=ßîî=çãííJ Üìïå=Ûð=Þßè=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèáßè=íéç=äì=àöìÜäïÞßîK=bîî=àöìàÛJ ìÛèÞß=íéç=äì=áéÞîÛáÜÛìî=èäì=Þßî=ïîàöìí=Ûð=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=ãèîß=âÛì= ßè=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=àöìÜäïÞßî=àöì=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=çßÞ=ßè= íåÞÛè=íîäææèãèáK=

_ßíîäççßæíßè=ã=T=§=hi=éç=éáãæîãáâßî=áäææßì=ÜÛìÛ=ÛðîÛæ=éÝâ= ÛðîÛæíðãææåéì=íéç=äì=àöìÜäïÞèÛ=ßèæãáî=S=§=hiK=kåáéè=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß= Üßíîäççßæíß=éç=éáãæîãáâßî=àãèèí=ãèîß=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=ÛðîÛæ=íéç=íîìãÞßì= çéî=àöìÜïÞßî=çéî=çãííÜìïå=Ûð=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèáK=f=àöìJ ÛìÜßîßèÛ=îãææ=PS=§=ÛðîÛæíæÛáßè=EêìéêK=NVTRLTSWUN=íK=NOO=àKF=ïîîÛæÛí= ßçßææßìîãÞ=Ûîî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=ÛðîÛæ=íéç=äì=àöìÜäïÞèÛ=ÜöìI= éç=ãèîß=Þãíêßèí=æäçèÛíI=ÜßâÛèÞæÛí=ßèæãáî=íÛççÛ=êìãèÝãêßì=íéç= ÛèÞìÛ=ÛðîÛæ=íéç=íîìãÞßì=çéî=îðãèáÛèÞß=ìßáæßìK=oßíïæîÛîßî=îéìÞßI= ßèæãáî=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛI=Üæã=Ûîî=ÛðîÛæßî=Ûèíßí=Ýãðãæìäîîíæãáî=éáãæîãáîK=

3.2. Icke-ingripandebesked

_ßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ã=OM=§=hi=éç=ãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßÜßíåßÞ=âÛì=Ûìîãåßæ=O=ã= àöìéìÞèãèá=NTLSO=íéç=àöìßÜãæÞK=bîî=ãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßÜßíåßÞ=äì=ßîî= íæÛáí=àöìâÛèÞíÜßíåßÞ=àìåè=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=éç=Ûîî=ðßìåßîI=çéî= ÜÛåáìïèÞ=Ûð=Þßè=ãèàéìçÛîãéè=çÛè=âÛì=îãææáåèá=îãææI=ãèîß=âÛì=àöì= Ûðíãåî=Ûîî=ãèáìãêÛ=çéî=ßîî=ðãííî=ÛðîÛæ=ßææßì=àöìàÛìÛèÞßK=

dßèéç=Þßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=NLOMMP=ÛðíåÛààÛí= åéççãííãéèßèí=Üßíæïî=éç=ãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßÜßíåßÞK=jéî=Þßè=ÜÛåJ áìïèÞßè=âÛì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=ã=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞßî=oßàéìçßìÛÞ=åéèåïìJ ìßèíöðßìðÛåèãèá=Eplr=OMMPWTPF=àöìßíæÛáãî=Ûîî=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=íóíîßç= çßÞ=ãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßÜßíåßÞ=êå=èÛîãéèßææ=èãðå=éÝåíå=íåÛææ=ÛðíåÛààÛíK=

3.3. Förfaranderegler

hi=ìßáæßìÛì=ãèîß=ÜÛìÛ=Þßè=çÛîßìãßææÛ=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßè=ïîÛè=ã=ðãííÛ= ÛðíßßèÞßè=äðßè=àöìàÛìÛèÞßî=ðãÞ=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=Þß=çÛîßìãßææÛ= ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛK=eÛèÞæäááèãèáßè=Ûð=ßèíåãæÞÛ=äìßèÞßè=ìßáæßìÛí= ßèÞÛíî=Þßæðãí=ã=hiK=f=íåÞÛèÛ=ÛðíßßèÞßè=Þäì=Þßî=íÛåèÛí=Üßíîäççßæíßì= ã=hi=áäææßì=àöìðÛæîèãèáíæÛáßè=ENVUSWOOPF=ðãÞ=âÛèÞæäááèãèáßè=âéí= héèåïììßèíðßìåßîK=

3.4. Åtgärder mot förbjudna konkurrensbegränsningar

PKQKN= ÅæäááÛèÞß=Ûîî=ïêêâöìÛ=çßÞ=êåáåßèÞß=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=

_ßíîäççßæíßè=ã=OP=§=àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=hi=áßì=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî= çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=åæäááÛ=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=Ûîî=ïêêâöìÛ=çßÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð= àöìÜïÞßè=ã=S=éÝâ=NV=§§=hiK=_ßíîäççßæíßè=çéîíðÛìÛì=Ûìîãåßæ=P=ã=àöìJ éìÞèãèá=NTLSOK=bîî=åæäááÛèÞß=åÛè=Ûðíß=Ûîî=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=íåÛææ=ïêêâöìÛ= Ûîî=îãææäçêÛ=ßîî=ðãííî=ÛðîÛæI=ðãææåéì=ßææßì=ÛèèÛî=àöìÜäïÞßî=àöìàÛìÛèÞßK= sãÞ=ßè=ÛèèÛè=àéìç=Ûð=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=åÛè=Þßî=Üæã=Ûåîïßææî=Ûîî=åæäááÛ= ßîî=àöìßîÛá=Ûîî=îãææâÛèÞÛâåææÛ=ßîî=ÛèèÛî=àöìßîÛá=ßè=ðãíí=ðÛìÛI=îääèíî= ßææßì=ÛèèÛè=èóîîãáâßî=êå=ðãææåéì=íéç=çéîíðÛìÛì=ðÛÞ=íéç=ßìÜäïÞí= àöìßîÛá=ã=öðìãáîK=vîîßìæãáÛìß=ßîî=ßòßçêßæ=êå=åæäááÛèÞß=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=Ûîî= àöìßîÛáßî=ãèîß=àåì=öðßìíåìãÞÛ=ßææßì=ïèÞßìíåìãÞÛ=ßîî=ðãííî=êìãíK=

PKQKO= aßè=íäìíåãæÞÛ=îÛæßìäîîßè=

héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=Üßíæïî=Ûîî=çßÞÞßæÛ=ßîî=åæäááÛèÞß=ßèæãáî=OP=§= àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=hi=åÛèI=ßèæãáî=SM=§=îìßÞäß=íîóÝåßîI=öðßìåæÛáÛí=îãææ= jÛìåèÛÞíÞéçíîéæßèK=lç=ðßìåßî=ÜßíæïîÛì=Ûîî=ãèîß=çßÞÞßæÛ=ßîî=åæäáJ áÛèÞßI=àåì=Þäìßçéî=Þßî=Üßíæïîßî=ãèîß=öðßìåæÛáÛíK=cöìßîÛá=íéç=Üßìöìí= Ûð=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=âÛì=ã=íîäææßî=ßèæãáî=OP=§=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=hi=ßè=íäìJ íåãæÞ=îÛæßìäîîK=aßè=ãèèßÜäì=ÛîîI=éç=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=ã=ßîî=ðãííî=àÛææ= ÜßíæïîÛì=Ûîî=ãèîß=çßÞÞßæÛ=ßîî=åæäááÛèÞß=ßèæãáî=OP=§=àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=

hiI=jÛìåèÛÞíÞéçíîéæßè=àåì=áöìÛ=Þßî=êå=îÛæÛè=Ûð=àöìßîÛá=íéç= Üßìöìí=Ûð=öðßìîìäÞßæíßèK=aßî=àãèèí=ãèîß=èåáéè=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=ÜßíîäçJ çßæíß=ã=bdJìäîîßèK=

3.5. Sanktioner

PKRKN=héèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=

_ßíîäççßæíßè=ã=OS=§=hi=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=pîéÝåâéæçí=îãèáíìäîî=êå=îÛæÛè= Ûð=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=àåì=ÜßíæïîÛ=Ûîî=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=íåÛææ=ÜßîÛæÛ=åéèåïìJ ìßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîI=éç=àöìßîÛáßî=ßææßì=èåáéè=íéç=âÛèÞæÛì=êå=àöìßîÛáßîí= ðäáèÛì=ïêêíåîæãáßè=ßææßì=Ûð=éÛåîíÛçâßî=âÛì=öðßìîìäîî=àöìÜïÞßè=ã=S= ßææßì=NV=§=hi=ßææßì=åíãÞéíÛîî=ßîî=ðãææåéì=íéç=æäçèÛîí=ã=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ= Ûîî=ïèÞÛèîÛá=ÜßðãæäÛîíK=

bèæãáî=OT=§=àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=hi=íåÛææ=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=àÛíîJ íîäææÛí=îãææ=æäáíî=R=MMM=åìéèéì=éÝâ=âöáíî=àßç=çãæäéèßì=åìéèéì=ßææßì= îãææ=ßîî=âöáìß=ÜßæéêêI=íéç=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=àåì=öðßìíîãáÛ=îãé=êìéÝßèî=Ûð= àöìßîÛáßèí=éçíäîîèãèá=àöìßáåßèÞß=åìK=

PKRKO=sãîß=

_ßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ã=RT=§=hi=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=àöìÜïÞ=éÝâ=åæäááÛèÞßè=ßèæãáî= OP=ßææßì=QR=§=àåì=àöìßèÛí=çßÞ=ðãîßK=Äðßè=Üßíæïî=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá= ßèæãáî=QT=ßææßì=QU=§=àåì=àöìßèÛí=çßÞ=ðãîßK=cìåáéì=éç=àöìßæäááÛèÞß= ìßáæßìÛí=ã=æÛáßè=ENVURWOMSF=éç=ðãîßèK=^ð=Üßíîäççßæíßè=ã=RV=§=hi= àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=îÛæÛè=éç=ïîÞöçÛèÞß=Ûð=ðãîß=àöìí=ðãÞ=Ûææçäè=ÞéçíîéæK=

3.6. Prövningsskyldighet

héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=âÛì=ãèîß=èåáéè=íåóæÞãáâßî=Ûîî=êìöðÛ=ðÛìäß= çãííîÛèåß=éç=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=hiWí=àöìÜïÞíÜßíîäççßæíßìI=æãåÛ=æãîßî= íéç=åéççãííãéèßè=âÛì=èåáéè=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=íåóæÞãáâßî=ã=àìåáÛ=éç= öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=àöìÜïÞßè=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=UN=ßææßì=UOK=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=îÛì= ßçéî=åîíåãææãáÛ=íåìãðßæíßì=àìåè=êìãðÛîêßìíéèßì=éÝâ=àöìßîÛá=çßÞ= åæÛáéçåæ=êå=éæãåÛ=íÛåàöìâåææÛèÞßèK=sßìåßî=âÛì=ãèîß=èåáéè=áßèßìßææ= íåóæÞãáâßî=Ûîî=ïîìßÞÛ=ðÛìäß=åæÛáéçåæ=íéç=åéççßì=ãèK=cæßìîÛæßî= åæÛáéçåæ=æßÞßì=ãèîß=îãææ=Ûîî=ðßìåßî=îÛì=ãèãîãÛîãð=îãææ=ßè=ïîìßÞèãèáK=

3.7. Domstolsprövning

f=SM–SO=§§=hi=àãèèí=Üßíîäççßæíßì=éç=ðãæåÛ=Üßíæïî=Ûð=héèåïììßèíJ ðßìåßî=íéç=àåì=öðßìåæÛáÛíK=aßî=áäææßì=ðãííÛ=íæÛá=Ûð=Üßíæïî=ã=àìåáéì=éç= ïèÞÛèîÛáI=ãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßÜßíåßÞ=éÝâ=åæäááÛèÞßèK=bèæãáî=OO=§=àöìJ ðÛæîèãèáíæÛáßè=àåì=ßîî=Üßíæïî=öðßìåæÛáÛí=Ûð=Þßè=íéç=Üßíæïîßî=ÛèáåìI= éç=Þßî=âÛì=áåîî=âéèéç=ßçéîK=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=Üßíæïî=öðßìåæÛáÛí= îãææ=jÛìåèÛÞíÞéçíîéæßèI=íéç=äì=íæïîãèíîÛèíI=íß=æÛáßè=ENVTMWQNTF=éç= çÛìåèÛÞíÞéçíîéæ=çKçK=

sãííÛ=àìåáéì=ßèæãáî=hi=êìöðÛí=Ûð=pîéÝåâéæçí=îãèáíìäîî=íéç=àöìíîÛ= ãèíîÛèíI=ÜæKÛK=àìåáéì=éç=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ßèæãáî=OS=§I=éç=åðÛìJ íîÛÞ=ßèæãáî=PO=§=íÛçî=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=ßèæãáî=QT=éÝâ=QU=§§K= qãèáíìäîîßèí=ÛðáöìÛèÞßè=ã=íåÞÛèÛ=àìåáéì=öðßìåæÛáÛí=âéí=jÛìåèÛÞíJ ÞéçíîéæßèK=

qðãíîßçåæ=êå=åéèåïììßèíìäîîíæãá=áìïèÞI=îKßòK=çåæ=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ= ßèæãáî=PP=§=hi=éÝâ=çåæ=éç=éáãæîãáâßî=ßèæãáî=T=§=hi=âÛèÞæäááí=ã=ÛææJ çäè=Þéçíîéæ=ßèæãáî=o_Wí=ÜßíîäççßæíßìK=Äðßè=àéìïçìßáæßìèÛ=ã=o_= áäææßìI=çßè=ßèæãáî=PP=§=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=hi=äì=pîéÝåâéæçí=îãèáíìäîî= ÛææîãÞ=Üßâöìãá=Ûîî=êìöðÛ=àìåáéì=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßèæãáî=Þßè=êÛìÛáìÛàßèK=

jåæ=éç=ïîÞöçÛèÞß=Ûð=ðãîß=íéç=âÛì=àöìßæÛáîí=çßÞ=íîöÞ=Ûð=hi= âÛèÞæäááí=éÝåíå=ã=Ûææçäè=Þéçíîéæ=éÝâ=ßèæãáî=ÛææçäèèÛ=ìßáæßìK=Äðßè= àöì=ÞßííÛ=çåæ=àãèèí=ÞéÝå=ßè=íäìíåãæÞ=àéìïçÜßíîäççßæíßK=bèæãáî=RV=§= ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=hi=äì=pîéÝåâéæçí=îãèáíìäîî=ÛææîãÞ=Üßâöìãá=Ûîî=êìöðÛ= îÛæÛè=éç=ïîÞöçÛèÞß=Ûð=ðãîß=ã=ÞßííÛ=àÛææK=

3.8. Skadestånd

oßáæßì=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=àãèèí=ã=PP=§=hiK=aß=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìßîÛá= ßææßì=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì=âÛì=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=àìåè=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=íéç= ïêêíåîæãáßè=ßææßì=Ûð=éÛåîíÛçâßî=öðßìîìäÞßì=àöìÜïÞßè=ã=S=ßææßì=NV=§= hiK=oäîîßè=îãææ=íåÞÛè=ßìíäîîèãèá=àÛææßì=ÜéìîI=éç=îÛæÛè=ãèîß=ðäÝåí= ãèéç=àßç=åì=àìåè=Þßî=Ûîî=íåÛÞÛè=ïêêåéçK=

3.9. Nationell behörighet att tillämpa EG-rätten m.m.

dßèéç=ßè=æÛáäèÞìãèáI=íéç=îìäÞÞß=ã=åìÛàî=Þßè=N=äÛèïÛìã=OMMNI=âÛì= héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=àåîî=ãèîßìèìäîîíæãá=Üßâöìãáâßî=Ûîî=îãææäçêÛ=Ûìîãåßæ= UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=jéîíðÛìÛèÞß=áäææßì=jÛìåèÛÞíÞéçíîéæßè= éÝâ=pîéÝåâéæçí=îãèáíìäîîK=hiWí=ìßáæßì=éç=ïêêáãàîííåóæÞãáâßî=éÝâ=

ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛìI=æãåíéç=Þßíí=íÛèåîãéèíÜßíîäççßæíßìI=íåÛææ=îãææäçJ êÛí=ðãÞ=ãèáìãêÛèÞßè=çßÞ=íîöÞ=Ûð=Ûìîãåßæ=UN=ßææßì=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=

qãææ=àöæäÞ=Ûð=Þßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=NLOMMP=âÛì=ïîìßÞJ èãèáßè=ã=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞßî=oßàéìçßìÛÞ=åéèåïììßèíöðßìðÛåèãèá= Eplr=OMMPWTPF=æäçèÛî=äðßè=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìíæÛá=îãææ=äèÞìãèáÛì=ã=åéèåïìJ ìßèíæÛáíîãàîèãèáßè=äè=Þß=íéç=èäçèîí=éðÛèK=

4. Amerikansk federal antitrusträtt

4.1. Bakgrund

^çßìãåÛèíå=åéèåïììßèíìäîîI=ßææßì=ÛèîãîìïíîìäîîI=äì=ã=Ûææî=ðäíßèîæãáî=ßè= íîìäèá=àöìÜïÞíæÛáíîãàîèãèá=çßÞ=ßè=æåèá=îìÛÞãîãéèK=aßè=âÛì=ãèíêãìßìÛî= Þßè=áßçßèíåÛêíìäîîíæãáÛ=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßèI=çßè=äðßè=Þßè=îóíåÛ= åéèåïììßèíìäîîßèK=^çßìãåÛèíå=Ûèîãîìïíîìäîî=Üßíîåì=Þßæí=Ûð=àßÞßìÛæ= æÛáíîãàîèãèáI=Þßæí=Ûð=ÞßæíîÛîæãá=æÛáíîãàîèãèáK=f=rp^=ãèîÛì=íåÛÞßíîåèÞßî= ßè=ÜßîóÞßæíßàïææ=ìéææ=ãèéç=Ûèîãîìïíîìäîîßè=éÝâ=ãèãîãÛîãð=àìåè=ßèíåãæÞÛ= áßèéç=îðãíîßì=çKçK=âÛì=íîéì=ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=Ûèîãîìïíîìäîîßèí=áßèéçJ íæÛáíåìÛàîK=f=Þßî=àöæäÛèÞß=Üßíåìãðí=èåáìÛ=åäèèßîßÝåßè=ã=Þßè=àßÞßìÛæÛ= ÛçßìãåÛèíåÛ=Ûèîãîìïíîìäîîßè=çßÞ=ãèìãåîèãèá=êå=íåÛÞßíîåèÞK=

4.2. Optimal deterrence model

”lêîãçÛæ=ÞßîßììßèÝß=çéÞßæ”=äì=ßè=çéÞßææ=àöì=Üßìäåèãèá=Ûð=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞK=jéÞßææßè=âÛì=íãîî=ïìíêìïèá=ã=ßè=îßéìã=éç=Ûîî=êìßðßèîãéèßè=äì= Þßî=àìäçíîÛ=çåæßî=çßÞ=íÛèåîãéèßìK=jéÞßææßè=ïîáåì=àìåè=ßîî=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞ=íéç=ã=íãá=áåì=ÜßîóÞæãáî=æäèáìß=ã=íãîî=íóàîß=äè=Ûîî=ßìíäîîÛ=Þßè= íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞßK=påÛÞßíîåèÞßî=íåÛææ=çéîíðÛìÛ=èßîîéàöìæïíîßè=àöì=ÛææÛ= ïîéç=íåÛÞßáöìÛìßèK=aßî=Ûèíßí=Ûîî=ðßç=íéç=ßáßèîæãáßè=àåì=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞßî=äì=çãèÞìß=ðãåîãáîI=ßàîßìíéç=Þßî=ã=íîìãåî=çßèãèá=ãèîß=íóàîÛì= îãææ=Ûîî=ßìíäîîÛ=èåáéè=àöì=ßè=æãÞßè=íåÛÞÛI=ïîÛè=ãíîäææßî=íóàîÛì=îãææ=Ûîî= àöìâãèÞìÛ=ßîî=ãèßààßåîãðî=ÛáßìÛèÞßI=ÞðíK=êìßðßèîãéèK

1

4.3. Tredubbelt skadestånd (Treble damages)

dìïèÞßè=àöì=ßèíåãæÞÛí=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=åîßìàÛèèí=àìåè=ÜöìäÛè=ã= pâßìçÛè=^ÝîI=çßè=àæóîîÛÞßí=NVNQ=öðßì=îãææ=`æÛóîéè=^ÝîK=aßî=âßîßì= Ûîî=

1

Wahl, Konkurrensskada, 2000, s. 33 f.

”any person who shall be injured in his business or property by reason of anything forbidden in the antitrust laws may sue therefore … and shall recover threefold the damages by him sustained”.

påÛÞßíîåèÞíìßáßæè=ÛèîÛí=ðÛèæãáîðãí=íóàîÛ=îãææ=ÜåÞß=êìßðßèîãéè=éÝâ= ìßêÛìÛîãéèK=f=Þãíåïííãéèßè=âÛì=ÞéÝå=Þß=êìßðßèîãðÛ=ðßìåèãèáÛìèÛ=íäìJ íåãæî=àìÛçâäðîíK=póàîßî=Ûîî=êå=èåáéî=íäîî=íîìÛààÛ=–=ßææßì=ã=ðÛìî=àÛææ=Ûîî= íÛèåîãéèßè=íåÛææ=ðßìåÛ=ÛðâåææÛèÞß=–=àìÛçîìäÞßì=áßèéç=îìßÞïÜÜJ æãèáßèK=bè=ÛæîßìèÛîãð=àöìåæÛìãèá=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=Ûîî=Þßè=ïîáöì=ßîî=àöìíöå=Ûîî= èßïîìÛæãíßìÛ=Þßè=ðãèíî=íéç=íåÛÞßáöìÛìßè=åÛè=àöìðäèîÛí=áöìÛI=ßàîßìJ íéç=ãèîß=ÛææÛ=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíèãèáÛì=ïêêîäÝåíK

2

=pÛçîãÞãáî=âÛì=

íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìßáßæè=åìãîãíßìÛîí=çßÞ=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûð=Ûîî=ïîíãåîßè=éç=îìßJ ÞïÜÜæÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=Ûèíßí=ÜãÞìÛ=îãææ=Ûææîàöì=çåèáÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíêìéJ ÝßííßìI=ðãæåßî=Ûèíßí=åïèèÛ=æßÞÛ=îãææ=öðßìêìßðßèîãéèK

3

làîÛ=Ûèàöìí=Ûîî=ßèíåãæÞÛí=ãèÝãîÛçßèî=Ûîî=ãèæßÞÛ=åéçêæãÝßìÛÞß= åéèåïììßèíìäîîíêìéÝßííßì=äì=ÜßìéßèÞß=Ûð=ïîíãåîßè=îãææ=îìßÞïÜÜßæ= ßìíäîîèãèáI=Ûîî=ÛçßìãåÛèíåÛ=ÛÞðéåÛîßì=åÛè=ÛìÜßîÛ=êå=ÝéèîãèáßèÝó=àßßí= EÞðíK=Ûîî=íîéìæßåßè=êå=ÛÞðéåÛîßèí=ÛìðéÞß=áöìí=ÜßìéßèÞß=Ûð=êìéJ Ýßííßèí=ïîàÛææFI=Ûîî=ÜßðãíãèíÛçæãèáßè=ïèÞßìæäîîÛí=Ûð=íKåK=êìßJîìãÛæ= ÞãíÝéðßìó=Eíß=Ûðíèãîî=QKUF=éÝâ=Ûîî=ÛçßìãåÛèíå=êìéÝßííìäîî=áßì=ðãÞJ íîìäÝåîÛ=çöäæãáâßîßì=îãææ=Ûîî=àöìÛ=áìïêêîÛæÛèK=aßííïîéç=Ûèíßí=ÛçßJ ìãåÛèßì=ðÛìÛ=íäìíåãæî=êìéÝßííÜßèäáèÛ=éÝâ=rp^=êìäáæÛí=Ûð=ßè=íîÛìå= åéèåïììßèíåïæîïìK=báßèâßîßìèÛ=Ûèíßí=áß=ßèíåãæÞÛ=ãèÝãîÛçßèî=Ûîî= ÛáßìÛI=äðßè=éç=ßààßåîßè=ãèîß=íåÛ=öðßìÞìãðÛíK=

4

4.4. Krav på antitrust injury (Brunswick)

hìÛðßî=êå=Ûèîãîìïíî=ãèäïìó=íæéáí=àÛíî=NVTT=ã=ìäîîíàÛææßî=_ìïèíñãÝå

5

K=

häìÛèÞßèI=_éñæJlJjÛîI=âäðÞÛÞß=Ûîî=_ìïèíñãÝåí=ïêêåöê=Ûð=ÜéñJ æãèáâÛææÛì=ïîáäéìÞß=çéèéêéæãíßìãèá=ã=íîìãÞ=çßÞ=pßÝîãéè=T=ã=`æÛóîéè= ^ÝîK=_éñæJ=lJjÛî=óìåÛÞß=êå=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=àöì=ïîßÜæãðßè=ðãèíî=îãææ=àöæäÞ= Ûð=Ûîî=_ìïèíñãÝåí=ïêêåöê=çßÞàöìÞß=Ûîî=_éñæJlJjÛî=ðÛì=îðïèáèÛ=

2

Wahl, Konkurrensskada, 2000, s. 153.

3

Clifford A Jones, Private Enforcement of Antitrust Law in the EU, UK and USA, 1999,

s. 80 f. Enligt Levinsohn/Lidgard, Skadestånd som sanktion mot karteller, Konkurrensverkets A4-serie, juli 2002, s. 22 bör begreppet ”överprevention” förstås mot bakgrund av det synsätt som ligger till grund för optimal deterrence model.

4

Se Clifford A Jones, Private Enforcement of Antitrust Law in the EU, UK and USA, 1999,

s. 248 f. Han framhåller att frånvaron av tredubbel ersättning i betydande utsträckning kompenseras av att europeisk rätt normalt ger rätt till ränta från skadetillfället, att contingency fees främst var betydelsefulla i ett tidigt skede av amerikansk konkurrensrätt och att class actions aldrig utgjort mer än en liten del av alla konkurrensrättsprocesser.

5

Brunswick Corp. v. Pueblo Bowl-O-Mat, Inc., 429 U.S. 477 (1977).

Ûîî=åéèåïììßìÛ=çßÞ=ÜéñæãèáâÛææÛì=íéç=ÛèèÛìí=íåïææß=âÛ=áåîî=ã=åéèJ åïìíK=^êêßææÛîãéèíÞéçíîéæßè=åéèíîÛîßìÛÞß=Ûîî=ïêêåöêßè=íîìßÞ=çéî= çéèéêéæãíßìãèáíàöìÜïÞßî=éÝâ=Ûîî=_éñæJlJjÛîí=íåÛÞÛ=ðÛì=åÛïíÛæ=îãææ= öðßìîìäÞßæíßèK=_ßÞöçèãèáßè=ÛÝÝßêîßìÛÞßí=ãèîß=Ûð=pïêìßçß=`éïìîK= bîî=éìíÛåííÛççÛèâÛèá=çßææÛè=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=éÝâ=ßè=íåÛÞÛ=ðÛì= ãèîß=îãææìäÝåæãáî=àöì=Ûîî=ÛåîïÛæãíßìÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíðÛìK=fíîäææßî=åìäðÞß= pïêìßçß=`éïìî=”Ûèîãîìïíî=ãèäïìó”W=

Plaintiffs must prove antitrust injury, which is to say injury of the type the antitrust laws were intended to prevent and that flows from that which makes defendants’ acts unlawful. The injury should reflect the anticompetitive effect either of the violation or of anticompetitive acts made possible by the violation.

_ìïèíñãÝåí=ïêêåöê=çßÞàöìÞß=Ûîî=_éñæJlJjÛî=ïîíÛîîßí=àöì=öåÛÞ= åéèåïììßèíI=ðãæåßî=ïêêßèÜÛìæãáßè=ãèîß=ðÛì=èåáéî=åéèåïììßèíæÛáÛìèÛ= íóàîÛÞß=îãææ=Ûîî=çéîðßìåÛK=^îî=ïêêåöêßè=íîìßÞ=çéî=çéèéêéæãíßJ ìãèáíàöìÜïÞßî=ãèèßÜÛì=ãèîß=Ûîî=åäìÛèÞßèí=íåÛÞÛ=íåïææß=åéçêßèíßìÛíK= hìÛðßî=êå=Ûèîãîìïíî=ãèäïìó=àìÛçâåææí=Ûð=Þß=àæßíîÛ=åéççßèîÛîéìßì=íéç= ìãçæãáîK=gÛÝéÜíéè=C=dìßßì

6

=Ûèàöì=Ûîî=åìÛðßî=âÛì=çßÞàöìî=Ûîî=ÞéçJ

íîéæÛìèÛI=ðãÞ=íãÞÛè=éç=ðßç=íéç=âÛì=æãÞãî=íåÛÞÛI=äðßè=âÛì=ÜöìäÛî= ìßíéèßìÛ=éç=íåÛÞÛèí=èÛîïì=éÝâ=Þßíí=åéêêæãèá=îãææ=åéèåïììßèíJ æÛáÛìèÛí=äèÞÛçåæK=

hìÛðßî=âÛì=çßÞàöìî=ßè=öåÛÞ=àöìíîåßæíß=àöì=ðÛÞ=íéç=ïîáöì=íåÛÞæãáÛ= åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíèãèáÛìK=aßî=âÛì=ßçßææßìîãÞ=äðßè=ìãåîÛîí=åìãîãå= çéî=åìÛðßîK=bèæãáî=géèßí=âÛì=Þßàãèãîãéèßè=Ûð=Ûèîãîìïíî=ãèäïìó=Üæãðãî= Ûææî=íèäðÛìß=öðßì=îãÞßèK

7

=aäìãáßèéç=âÛì=àìÛçàöì=Ûææî=åéèåïììßèîßìí=

íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìåå=åéççãî=Ûîî=çãííîäèåæãááöìÛíI=ßàîßìíéç= åéèåïììßèîßì=ðÛèæãáîðãí=íåÛÞÛí=äðßè=Ûð=öåÛÞ=åéèåïììßèíK=gÛÝéÜíéè= C=dìßßì=ÜßîìÛåîÛì=ÞßèèÛ=ïîðßÝåæãèá=íéç=êéíãîãðX=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßè= íåÛ=”êìéîßÝî=ÝéçêßîãîãéèI=èéî=Ýéçêßîãîéìí”K

8

=^èÞìÛ=äì=çãèÞìß=êéíãJ

îãðÛK=géèßí=àìÛçâåææßì=Ûîî=åéèåïììßèîßì=éàîÛ=äì=æäçêæãáÛ=êìéÝßííJ àöìÛìß=êKáKÛK=Ûîî=Þß=âÛì=çÛìåèÛÞíåïèíåÛêI=íîéìÛ=ãèÝãîÛçßèî=éÝâ= çöäæãáâßîßì=Ûîî=ãèáìãêÛ=ã=ßîî=îãÞãáî=íåßÞßK

9

=eéðßèåÛçê=îãææäááßì=Ûîî=

äðßè=åéèåïììßèîßì=åÛè=æãÞÛ=åéèåïììßèíìäîîíæãáî=ìßæßðÛèîÛ=íåÛÞéìK

10

6

Jacobson & Greer, Twenty-one Years of Antitrust Injury: Down the Alley with Brunswick

v. Pueblo Bowl-O-Mat, 66 Antitrust L.J 273 (1998), s. 9.

7

Clifford A Jones, Private Enforcement of Antitrust Law in the EU, UK and USA, 1999,

s. 192.

8

Jacobson & Greer, Twenty-one Years of Antitrust Injury: Down the Alley with Brunswick

v. Pueblo Bowl-O-Mat, 66 Antitrust L.J 273 (1998), s. 9.

9

Clifford A Jones, Private Enforcement of Antitrust Law in the EU, UK and USA, 1999,

s. 181.

10

Hovenkamp, Antitrust´s Protected Classes, 88 Mich. L. Rev. (1989) 1, s. 20 f.

4.5. Övervältringsförsvar och indirekta köpare

mÛííãèáJéèI=íéç=åÛè=öðßìíäîîÛí=çßÞ=”öðßìðäæîìãèá”I=åíóàîÛì=Þßî=àÛåJ îïç=Ûîî=åïèÞßìèÛ=îãææ=ßîî=åÛìîßææàöìßîÛá=íå=æåèáî=çöäæãáî=åéçêßèíßJ ìÛì=íãá=àöì=åÛìîßææàöìßîÛáßîí=öðßìêìãíßì=áßèéç=Ûîî=âöäÛ=êìãíßìèÛ=êå= íãèÛ=ßáèÛ=êìéÞïåîßìK=aßîîÛ=áßì=ïêêâéð=îãææ=îðå=êìãèÝãêãßææÛ=êìéÜæßçW= NF=Üöì=åÛìîßææàöìßîÛáßî=áßèîßçéî=Þßè=ÞãìßåîÛ=åïèÞßè=åïèèÛ= åÜßìéêÛ=öðßìðäæîìãèá=íéç=ßîî=àöìíðÛì\=éÝâ=OF=Üöì=ãèÞãìßåîÛ=åïèÞßì= åïèèÛ=íöåÛ=ßìíäîîèãèá=àìåè=åÛìîßææàöìßîÛáßî=àöì=Þßè=öðßìðäæîìÛÞß= Þßæßè=Ûð=öðßìêìãíßî\=qðå=éçÞãíåïîßìÛÞß=ìäîîíàÛææ=âÛì=àöì=ÛçßìãåÛèíå= åéèåïììßèíìäîîí=ðãÞåéççÛèÞß=ÜßíðÛìÛî=àìåáéìèÛK

11

f=ìäîîíàÛææßî=eÛèéðßì=pâéß

12

=âäðÞÛÞß=åäìÛèÞßèI=ßè=íåéîãææðßìåÛìß=

íéç=æßÛíÛÞß=çÛíåãèßì=àöì=íåéîãææðßìåèãèá=Ûð=íðÛìÛèÞßèI=Ûîî=íðÛìÛèJ Þßè=Üìïîãî=çéî=çéèéêéæãíßìãèáíàöìÜïÞßî=áßèéç=Ûîî=àöìðäáìÛ= åäìÛèÞßè=Ûîî=åöêÛ=çÛíåãèßìèÛK=qãææ=àöæäÞ=Ûð=ÞßîîÛ=âÛÞß=åäìÛèÞßè=àåîî= ÜßîÛæÛ=çéèéêéæâóìÛI=ßææßì=öðßìêìãíßìI=àöì=çÛíåãèßìèÛK=cöìàÛìÛèÞßî= ÜßàÛèèí=íîå=ã=íîìãÞ=çßÞ=pâßìçÛè=^ÝîK=dßèîßçéî=åäìÛèÞßèí=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞíóìåÛèÞß=ãèðäèÞß=íðÛìÛèÞßè=ÞéÝå=Ûîî=åäìÛèÞßè=ãèîß=âÛÞß=æãÞãî= èåáéè=íåÛÞÛI=ßàîßìíéç=öðßìêìãíßìèÛ=âÛÞß=öðßìðäæîìÛîí=êå=åäìÛèÞßèí= åïèÞßìK=fèðäèÞèãèáßè=ÛÝÝßêîßìÛÞßí=ãèîß=Ûð=pïêìßçß=`éïìîI=íéç= îðäìîéç=àÛíîíæéá=Ûîî=Þßè=ÞãìßåîÛ=åïèÞßè=ðÛì=ÜßìäîîãáÛÞ=îãææ=ßìíäîîJ èãèá=éÜßìéßèÞß=Ûð=ßðßèîïßææ=öðßìðäæîìãèáK=aéçíîéæßè=àìÛçâöææ=Ûîî= Þßî=çéîíÛîîÛ=àöìâåææÛèÞßî=íåïææß=åéçêæãÝßìÛ=Üßðãíèãèáßè=ã=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞíçåæK=lç=öðßìðäæîìãèáíàöìíðÛì=ÛÝÝßêîßìÛÞßí=áßèîßçéî=ÞãìßåîÛ= åïèÞßìI=ÜéìÞß=ÞßîíÛççÛ=Þßííïîéç=áäææÛ=ã=àöìâåææÛèÞß=îãææ=ãèÞãìßåîÛ= åïèÞßìK=f=àöìæäèáèãèáßè=íåïææß=ÞßîîÛ=ãèèßÜäìÛ=Ûîî=åéèåïììßèíJ ÜßáìäèíÛìßè=íåïææß=àå=ÜßâåææÛ=ßè=Þßæ=Ûð=çéèéêéæðãèíîßè=éç=ãèîß= íæïîåéèíïçßèîßìèÛ=éÝåíå=óìåÛÞß=êå=íåÛÞßíîåèÞI=ðãæåßî=Ûèíåáí=ðÛìÛ= àöáÛ=íÛèèéæãåî=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=åéèíïçßèîßì=ã=Ûææçäèâßî=éÝâ=íåéåéèíïJ çßèîßì=ã=íóèèßìâßîK=

aßè=çéîíÛîîÛ=íãîïÛîãéèßè=ÜßâÛèÞæÛÞßí=Ûð=pïêìßçß=`éïìî=ã=ìäîîíJ àÛææßî=fææãèéãí=_ìãÝå

13

K=aßæíîÛîßè=fææãèéãí=âäðÞÛÞß=Ûîî=ÜßîéèáêìéJ

ÞïÝßèîßì=íÛçðßìåÛÞß=ã=ßè=êìãíåÛìîßææ=éÝâ=óìåÛÞß=êå=ßìíäîîèãèá=àöì= Þßæ=Ûð=öðßìêìãíßìèÛI=íéç=ðãÛ=Þãðßìíß=çßææÛèæßÞ=âÛÞß=öðßìðäæîìÛîí=êå= ÞßæíîÛîßèK=aéçíîéæßè=ÛÝÝßêîßìÛÞß=ãèîß=ÞßîîÛ=íKåK=éààßèíãðÛ=Üìïå=Ûð= öðßìðäæîìãèáíÛìáïçßèîßîK=qðäìîéç=àìÛçâöææ=Þéçíîéæßè=Ûîî=eÛèéðßì= pâéß=ðÛì=åéììßåî=Þöçî=éÝâ=Ûîî=öðßìðäæîìãèáíÛìáïçßèî=Ûèîãèáßè= çåíîß=ÛÝÝßêîßìÛí=ã=ÜåÞÛ=ìãåîèãèáÛì=ßææßì=ãèîß=ÛææíK=jéîíÛîíßè=íåïææß=

11

Levinsohn/Lidgard, Skadestånd som sanktion mot karteller, Konkurrensverkets A4-serie, juli 2002, s. 23.

12

Hanover Shoe, Inc. v. United Shoe Machinery Corp., 392 U.S. 481 (1968).

13

Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois, 431 U.S. 720 (1977).

çßÞàöìÛ=ßè=ìãíå=àöì=Ûîî=íÛççÛ=íåÛÞÛ=ßìíÛîîßí=àæßìàÛæîK=aéçíîéæßè= ïêêìßêÛÞß=Ûìáïçßèîßè=àìåè=eÛèéðßì=pâéß=éÝâ=àìÛçâöææ=Ûîî=íóàîßî= ÜÛåéç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìßáßæè=Üäíî=îãææáéÞéíåáí=áßèéç=Ûîî=Þßè=ÞãìßåîÛ= åïèÞßè=áÛðí=ìäîî=Ûîî=ÜßáäìÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=àöì=âßæÛ=öðßìêìãíßîK= fèÞãìßåîÛ=åïèÞßì=âÛì=àöæäÛåîæãáßè=ãèîß=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞK=aéçJ íîéæßè=çÛìåßìÛÞß=ÞéÝå=Ûîî=ïèÞÛèîÛá=ÜéìÞß=áöìÛí=àöì=Þßî=àÛææ=Ûîî=Þßè= ÞãìßåîÛ=åïèÞßè=éÝâ=Þßè=ãèÞãìßåîÛ=åïèÞßè=âÛÞß=ßîî=Ýéíî=êæïí=ÛðîÛæ= çßÞ=àãòßìÛÞß=ãèåöêíåðÛèîãîßîßìI=ßàîßìíéç=öðßìêìãíßî=ïèÞßì=íåÞÛèÛ= éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=ßèåßæî=åïèÞß=íêåìÛí=îãææ=Þßè=ãèÞãìßåîÛ=åïèÞßèK=

oäîîíàÛææßè=ðãíÛì=Ûîî=ÛçßìãåÛèíå=åéèåïììßèíìäîî=êìãéìãîßìÛì=êìßJ ðßèîãéè=àìÛçàöì=ìßêÛìÛîãéèK=aßè=æöíèãèá=íéç=ìäîîíàÛææßè=æäááßì=àÛíî= âÛì=ðÛìãî=àöìßçåæ=àöì=éçàÛîîÛèÞß=Þãíåïííãéèßì=ã=ÛçßìãåÛèíå=ÞéåîìãèK= aß=íéç=íóçêÛîãíßìÛì=çßÞ=æöíèãèáßè=àìÛçâåææßì=Ûîî=Þßè=çÛòãçßìÛì= åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛí=áßèéçíæÛáíåìÛàî=éÝâ=Ûîî=æÛáîßòîßè=áßì=íîöÞ=àöì= Ûîî=ÜßîìÛåîÛ=Þß=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=íéç=êìãðÛîß=Ûîîéìèßó= áßèßìÛæíK

14

=jéîíîåèÞÛìèÛ=àìÛçâäðßì=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìßáßæèí=ìßêÛìÛîãðÛ=

íóàîß=éÝâ=ãàìåáÛíäîîßìI=æãåíéç=èåáìÛ=Þãííßèîßì=áäéìÞß=ã=fææãèéãí=_ìãÝåI= êìßðßèîãéèíÛìáïçßèîßîí=íîóìåÛW=“ÞãìßÝî=êïìÝâÛíßìí=ñâé=ÛÝî=Ûí= çãÞÞæßçßè=âÛðß=æãîîæß=ãèÝßèîãðß=îé=íïß=íïêêæãßìí=íé=æéèá=Ûí=îâßó=çÛó= êÛíí=éè=îâß=Üïæå=éà=îâß=ãææßáÛæ=éðßìÝâÛìáßí=îé=îâß=ïæîãçÛîß=Ýéèíïçßìí”K=

jåèáÛ=ÞßæíîÛîßì=ìßÛáßìÛÞß=êå=Þéçíæïîßè=áßèéç=Ûîî=ãèíîãàîÛ=ìßáæßì= íéç=ßòêæãÝãî=îãææåîßì=ãèÞãìßåîÛ=åïèÞßì=Ûîî=ÜßáäìÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßèæãáî= Þß=ÞßæíîÛîæãáÛ=åéèåïììßèíæÛáÛìèÛK

15

=bèæãáî=ÞßííÛ=ÞßæíîÛîíæÛáÛì

16

=åÛè=

äðßè=ãèÞãìßÝî=êïìÝâÛíßìí=âÛ=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞK=

bîî=çéîãð=ÜÛåéç=ïîáåèáßè=ã=ìäîîíàÛææßî=fææãèéãí=_ìãÝå=ðÛì=Ûîî= ïèÞðãåÛ=”ÞïêæãÝÛîßÞ=ìßÝéðßìó”K=kï=àãèèí=éæãåÛ=ÞßæíîÛîæãáÛ=ìßáæßì=éç= ”àïææ=ÝéèíãÞßìÛîãéè”

17

I=ðãæåßî=áßì=Þßè=ãèÞãìßåîÛ=åöêÛìßè=íéç=åäìÛèÞß=

ìäîî=Ûîî=àå=îãææÜÛåÛ=âßæÛ=ÜßîÛæèãèáßè=àìåè=íðÛìÛèÞßè=éç=åäìÛèÞßè=åÛè= êåðãíÛ=èåáéè=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=ßààßåîK=aãìßåîÛ=éÝâ=ãèÞãìßåîÛ= åöêÛìß=íîäççßì=Þäìàöì=ßèæãáî=éæãåÛ=ìßáßæðßìå=éÝâ=ã=éæãåÛ=ÞéçíîéæÛìI= äðßè=éç=íîäçèãèáÛìèÛ=åÛè=íåß=ã=íÛççÛ=ÞßæíîÛîK=læãåÛ=ìßáæßì=áäææßì=

14

Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois, 431 U.S. 720 (1977), s. 746 f. En private attorney general är enligt Levinsohn/Lidgard, Skadestånd som sanktion mot karteller, Konkurrensverkets A4serie, juli 2002, s. 25 i princip en enskild som, motiverad av egenintresse, agerar i allmänintresset.

15

Supreme Court har i ett avgörande konstaterat att Illinois Brick inte hindrar delstatliga konkurrensregler som tillerkänner den indirekta köparen ersättning, se California v. ARC America Corp., 490 U.S 93 (1989).

16

Enligt uppgifter i New York Times den 22 november 1999 har 18 delstater i USA inklusive staterna Kalifornien och New York antagit lagar som ger även indirekta köpare rätt till tredubbelt skadestånd vid skada till följd av överträdelse av konkurrensreglerna. Många delstater reagerade på domsluten genom att instifta regler som explicit tillåter indirekta kunder att begära skadestånd enligt de delstatliga konkurrenslagarna.

17

Till exempel i Kansas och Minnesota.

àöì=ãèÞãìßåîÛ=åïèÞßì=ã=éæãåÛ=ÞßæíîÛîßìI=äðßè=éç=Þßî=äì=àìåáÛ=éç= íÛççÛ=íåÛÞßáöìÛèÞß=âÛèÞæãèáK=aßîîÛ=âÛì=æßîî=îãææ=ßè=àìÛáçßèîãJ íßìãèá=Ûð=Þß=äïìãÞãíåÛ=êìéÝßííßìèÛ=çßÞ=ÛðíßßèÞß=êå=éç=ìäîî=îãææ= íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=áäææßì=àöì=ãèÞãìßåîÛ=åöêÛìß=íÛçî=éç=öðßìðäæîìãèáíàöìíðÛì= îãææåîíK=_Ûåßì=êæäÞßìÛì=Þäìàöì=àöì=Ûîî=ãèÞãìßåîÛ=åïèÞßì=Üöì=áßí=ìäîî= îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=äðßè=ßèæãáî=àßÞßìÛæ=ÛçßìãåÛèíå=ÛèîãîìïíîìäîîK=eÛè= Ûèíßì=Ûîî=ìßáæßì=àöì=ßè=àöìÞßæèãèá=Ûð=ßìíäîîèãèáßè=çßææÛè=Þßè=ÞãìßåîÛ= éÝâ=ãèÞãìßåîÛ=åïèÞßè=Üöì=ãèàöìÛíI=ÜßìéßèÞß=Ûð=âïì=çóÝåßî=íéç=Þßè= ÞãìßåîÛ=åïèÞßè=öðßìðäæîìÛî=êå=Þßè=ãèÞãìßåîÛ=åïèÞßèK=pæïîæãáßè=Ûèíßì= âÛè=Ûîî=çåæßè=çåíîß=ÛðáöìÛí=Ûð=íÛççÛ=Þéçíîéæ=éÝâ=ãèîß=íéç=èï=ã= çåèáÛ=àÛææ=Ûð=Þßæí=àßÞßìÛæÛ=éÝâ=Þßæí=ÞßæíîÛîæãáÛ=ÞéçíîéæÛìK

18

4.6. Konsumenter ej uteslutna

f=ìäîîíàÛææßî=oßãîßì=ðK=péèéîéèß=`éìêK

19

=åæÛìáäéìÞß=pïêìßçß=`éïìî=Ûîî=

äðßè=åéèíïçßèîßì=íéç=âÛì=ÞìÛÜÜÛîí=Ûð=öðßìêìãííäîîèãèá=Ûèíßí=âÛ= æãÞãî=ßè=íåÛÞÛ=íéç=äì=ßìíäîîèãèáíÜÛì=ßèæãáî=pßÝîãéè=Q=ã=`æÛóîéè=^ÝîK= rèÞßì=àöìïîíäîîèãèá=Ûîî=åéèíïçßèîßè=âÛì=åöêî=ßè=êìéÞïåî=íéç= ðÛìãî=àöìßçåæ=àöì=ßè=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíèãèáI=éÝâ=íåæßÞßí=ãèîß= íåÛÞÛí=êå=èåáéî=ÛèèÛî=çßì=ãèÞãìßåî=íäîîI=Ûèíßí=Þßî=Ûîî=åéèíïçßèîßè= âÛì=îÛæßìäîî=Ûîî=åìäðÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞK=

4.7. Class action

`æÛíí=ÛÝîãéè=äì=çöäæãáK=aéçíîéæÛìèÛ=âÛì=ã=Ûææçäèâßî=Ûèíßîî=Ûîî= öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ=éÝâ=åïèÞßèí=ÛèîãîìïíîíåÛÞÛ= çåíîß=íîöÞäÛí=Ûð=Üßðãíèãèá=íéç=äì=áßçßèíÛç=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=ÛææÛ=åäìÛèJ Þßè=ã=áìïêêßèK=sÛìäß=åäìÛèÞß=àåì=ÞéÝå=àöìÛ=îÛæÛè=éç=Þßî=Üßæéêê=íéç= âÛèí=íåÛÞÛ=ïêêáåì=îãææK

20

=bèæãáî=`âìãíîéêâ=dK=iÛèá

21

=äì=Ûèîãîìïíîìäîî=

ßîî=Ûð=Þß=íîéìÛ=éçìåÞßèÛ=ãèéç=ðãæåßî=ÝæÛíí=ÛÝîãéè=âÛì=åéççãî=îãææ= ÛèðäèÞèãèáK=qãææ=ßòßçêßæ=áéÞåäèÞß=ßè=åÛæãàéìèãíå=Þéçíîéæ=EpÛè= cìÛèÝãíÝé=pïêßìãéì=`éïìîF=ã=äïæã=OMMP=ßè=ïêêáöìßæíß=çßææÛè=jãÝìéíéàî= éÝâ=åéèíïçßèîßì=éç=ßîî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=êå=NKN=çãæäÛìÞßì=ÛçßìãåÛèíåÛ=

18

Donald I Baker, Hitting the Potholes on the Illinois Brick Road, Antitrust, American Bar Association, Volume 16, Fall 2002.

19

Reiter v Sonotone Corp., 442 U.S. 330 (1979). Se Wahl, Konkurrensskada, 2000, s. 251.

20

Herbert Hovenkamp, Antitrust, 3rd edition, s. 287.

21

Christoph G. Lang, Class action and the US Antitrust Laws: Prerequisites and interdependencies of the implementation of a procedural device for the aggregation of lowvalue claims, World Competition 24(2): 285-302, 2001.

ÞéææÛìI=ßàîßì=ßè=ÝæÛíí=ÛÝîãéèJîÛæÛèK=sÛìäß=åéèíïçßèî=åéççßì=Ûîî=àå= ßìíäîîèãèá=ïì=íïççÛè=ÜßìéßèÞß=êå=ðãæåÛ=êìéÞïåîßì=Þß=åöêîK

22

4.8. Discovery

QKUKN=^ææçäèî= éç= ÞãíÝéðßìó

oÛêêéìîßè=”påÛÞßíîåèÞ=íéç=íÛèåîãéè=çéî=åÛìîßææßì”=Ûð= ißðãèíéâèLiãÞáÛìÞ

23

I=ÜßâÛèÞæÛì=íåÛÞßíîåèÞßîí=ïîàéìçèãèá=éÝâ=

àïèåîãéè=ã=íðßèíå=åéèåïììßèíìäîî=çßÞ=ïîáåèáíêïèåî=àìåè=âïì=Þßî= åÛè=ÜãÞìÛ=îãææ=ßè=ßààßåîãðÛìß=åÛìîßææÜßåäçêèãèáK=aäì=íäáí=Ûîî=ÜßðãíJ ãèíÛçæãèáßè=ã=ÛçßìãåÛèíåÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíêìéÝßííßì=ïèÞßìæäîîÛí=Ûð=íKåK= êìßJîìãÛæ=ÞãíÝéðßìóK=

_ßðãíïêêîÛáèãèáííóíîßçßî=ÞãíÝéðßìó=äì=ßîî=éçîðãíîÛî=ãèíæÛá=ã=Þßè= ÛçßìãåÛèíåÛ=ÝãðãæêìéÝßííìäîîßèK=aßî=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=êÛìîßìèÛ=àåì=ãèíóè=ã= ðÛìÛèÞìÛí=Üßðãíèãèá=–=ßîî=íæÛáí=êìãðÛî=âïíìÛèèíÛåÛè=ÜìïåÛì=Þßî=íäáÛí= –=íéç=îãææäçêÛí=ïèÞßì=àöìÜßìßÞßæíßìèÛ=ãèàöì=ßè=ìäîîßáåèáK

24

aãíÝéðßìó=Ûèíßí=âÛ=EåîçãèíîéèßF=îìß=íóàîßèK=cöì=Þßî=àöìíîÛ=îääèÛì= Þßî=îãææ=Ûîî=ãèàöìíåÛààÛ=éÝâ=ÜßðÛìÛ=Üßðãí=íéç=ÛèèÛìí=ãèîß=íåïææß= åïèèÛ=àöìßÜìãèáÛí=ðãÞ=âïðïÞàöìâÛèÞæãèáßèI=ßè=íæÛáí=ÜßðãíïêêJ îÛáèãèá=îãææ=àìÛçîãÞÛ=íäåßìâßîK=aãíÝéðßìó=âÛì=éÝåíå=îãææ=íóàîß=Ûîî=àÛíîJ íîäææÛ=ðÛÞ=íéç=äì=éíîìãÞãáî=éÝâ=Ûîî=êÛìîßìèÛ=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=íêåìÛ=ïêê= éÝâ=ïîàéìíåÛ=íå=çåèáÛ=àÛåîÛ=íéç=çöäæãáî=àöìß=âïðïÞàöìâÛèÞæãèáßèK= rèÞßì=ÞãíÝéðßìóJàÛíßè=åÛè=çÛè=çåèáÛ=áåèáßì=åéççÛ=çóÝåßî= æäèáìß=ã=ÞßííÛ=ÛðíßßèÞßè=éÝâ=àÛíîíîäææÛ=çéîêÛìîßèí=êéíãîãéè=íÛçî= ïèÞßìæÛáßî=àöì=Þßèèßí=îÛæÛèK=eäìçßÞ=öåÛì=çöäæãáâßîßìèÛ=Ûîî=èå=àöìJ æãåèãèáK=aßî=îìßÞäß=íóàîßî=äì=Ûîî=àÛíîæäááÛ=àÛåîÛK=jÛè=äì=Þå=ïîß=ßàîßì= Ûîî=ÜãèÞÛ=ðãîîèßè=ðãÞ=ðãííÛ=ïîîÛæÛèÞßè=àöì=Ûîî=íßÞÛè=àöìâãèÞìÛ=çßèßÞ= ðãÞ=ìäîîßáåèáßèK

25

aãíÝéðßìóJàÛíßè=áåì=Ûææîíå=àìÛçàöì=Ûææî=ïî=êå=”ßàîßìàéìíåèãèáÛì”=ã= éæãåÛ=àìåáéì=éÝâ=êåçãèèßì=ßèæãáî=iãèÞÜæéç=éç=Þßè=íðßèíåÛ=àöìJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ã=ÜìéîîçåæK

26

=aßííÛ=ßàîßìàéìíåèãèáÛì=çßÞáßì=ßè=ìäîî=

Ûîî=àå=ïî=Þéåïçßèî=íéç=äì=ìßæßðÛèîÛK=aßî=éçàÛîîÛì=ÞéÝå=äðßè=âÛèÞJ æãèáÛì=íéç=íÛåèÛì=ÜßðãíðäìÞß=àöì=Ûîî=Þß=ãèîß=àåì=ÛèðäèÞÛí=ã=çåæßî= çßè=íéç=äèÞå=åÛè=àöìÛ=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=ðãÞÛìßK

27

22

Microsoft: California class action settlement approved, NetWorkWorldFusion, 19 juli 2003.

23

Konkurrensverkets A4-serie, juli 2002.

24

Ralf Lyxell, Intrångsundersökning och discovery, 2001.

25

Lindblom, Discovering discovery, Festskrift till Ulla Jacobsson, s. 148 ff.

26

Lindblom, Discovering discovery, Festskrift till Ulla Jacobsson, s. 150.

27

Fyman, Discovery in America; förberedelse i tvistemål enligt amerikansk rätt, JT 1996/97 s. 210 f.

f=Þß=ÛææìÛ=àæßíîÛ=àÛææ=ãèæßÞí=ÞãíÝéðßìó=àöìíî=íßÞÛè=îÛæÛè=ðäÝåîíK= aãíÝéðßìó=åÛè=áßèéçàöìÛí=ìßÞÛè=ãèèÛè=îÛæÛè=âÛì=ðäÝåîíI=çßè=Þßî= àöìïîíäîîßì=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=ã=íãè=ÛèíöåÛè=ðãíÛì=Ûîî=Þßî=àöìßæãááßì=ßîî= íäìíåãæî=Üßâéð=àöì=ÞßîîÛK=_ßâéð=Ûèíßí=àöìßæãááÛ=ÜæKÛK=èäì=Þßè=íéç= ÛèíöåÛè=Ûðíßì=äì=ÛææðÛìæãáî=íäïå=ßææßì=íîåì=ã=Üßáìßêê=Ûîî=àöìßîÛ=ßè=æåèá= ìßíÛK=cæßì=ïèÞÛèîÛá=àãèèíK=f=êìÛåîãåßè=äì=Þßî=ÞéÝå=éðÛèæãáî=Ûîî= ÞãíÝéðßìó=ãèæßÞí=ïîÛè=Ûîî=îÛæÛè=ðäÝåîíK=

Åì=NVVP=ãèàöìÞßí=ìßáæßì=íéç=ãèèßÜäì=ßè=íåóæÞãáâßî=Ûîî=æäçèÛ=öðßì= âÛèÞæãèáÛì=ïîÛè=ÛèçÛèãèáK=rêêáãàîßì=éç=Üßðãíèãèá=íåÛææ=áßí=ìßÞÛè=ã= Þßè=ãèæßÞÛèÞß=íåìãàîðäòæãèáßèI=ðãæåßî=ÜæKÛK=íóàîÛì=îãææ=Ûîî=ïèÞßìæäîîÛ= Þßè=Þßæ=ã=ÞãíÝéðßìóJàöìàÛìÛèÞßî=íéç=áåì=ïî=êå=Ûîî=êÛìîßìèÛ=åÛè=àìÛçJ íîäææÛ=ßè=åéèåìßî=ÜßáäìÛè=îãææ=çéîêÛìîßè=éç=Ûîî=ïîàå=âÛèÞæãèáÛìK=käì= ÞãíÝéðßìó=ãèæßîîí=ßèæãáî=âïðïÞìßáßæèI=íå=íåßì=ßîî=ðãííî=ãèàéìçÛîãéèíJ ïîÜóîß=ïîÛè=Þéçíîéæí=çßÞðßìåÛèK=mÛìîßìèÛ=åÛè=Þäìßàîßì=àìÛçíîäææÛ= ÞãíÝéðßìó=ìßëïßíîíI=ÞðíK=íäìíåãæÞÛ=ÛèçÛèãèáÛì=îãææ=çéîêÛìîßè=Ûîî= åéçêæßîîßìÛ=Þßî=ãèæßÞÛèÞß=ãèàéìçÛîãéèíïîÜóîßîK=

aãíÝéðßìó=ãèèßâåææßì=àæßìÛ=éæãåÛ=àöìàÛìÛèÞßèK=cìäçíî=íåßì=Þßî= áßèéç=”Þßêéíãîãéèí”=éÝâ=”ãèîßììéáÛîéìãßí”I=ÞðíK=çïèîæãáÛ=éÝâ=íåìãàîJ æãáÛ=àöìâöìK=aßííÛ=Üßíåìãðí=èßÞÛèK=

QKUKO= aßêéíãîãéèí

aßêéíãîãéèí=äì=çïèîæãáÛ=àöìâöì=íéç=åÛè=áå=îãææ=íå=Ûîî=éçÜïÞßî=àìåáÛì= ïî=àöìâöìíêßìíéèßè=EçéîêÛìîßè=ßææßì=ßîî=åéççÛèÞß=ðãîîèß=ßææßì=íÛåJ åïèèãáFK=cöìâöìßî=äáßì=èéìçÛæî=ìïç=êå=éçÜïÞßîí=åéèîéìK=cöìJ âöìßî=íåßì=ïèÞßì=ßÞ=ãèàöì=ßè=îääèíîßçÛè=àìåè=ÞéçíîéæßèK=fÜæÛèÞ=âÛì= êÛìîßìèÛ=àéìçïæßìÛî=àìåáéì=ã=íåìãàî=íéç=îääèíîßçÛèèßè=àìÛçíîäææßì= ðãÞ=àöìâöìßîK=^èîÛæßî=àìåáéì=ÜìïåÛì=ÜßáìäèíÛíI=éàîÛ=îãææ=îãé=àìåáéìK= påìãàîæãáÛ=àìåáéì=íéç=éÝåíå=ÜßíðÛìÛí=íåìãàîæãáßè=àöìßåéççßìK=læãåÛ= êßìíéèßìI=íåíéç=àöìßîÛáíìßêìßíßèîÛèîßìI=ðãîîèßè=éÝâ=íÛååïèèãáÛ= åÛè=âöìÛí=éç=ÜßáäìÛè=åîàöæäí=Ûð=ßè=íKåK=íïÜêéßèÛ=EïîàäìÞÛÞ=Ûð=ÞéçJ íîéæßèFK=

QKUKP= fèîßììéáÛîéìãß í=

fèîßììéáÛîéìãßí=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=Þßè=ßèÛ=êÛìîßè=íåãÝåÛì=íåìãàîæãáÛ=àìåáéì= îãææ=çéîêÛìîßèK=aßî=åæãááßì=Þßè=ÛèÞìÛ=êÛìîßè=Ûîî=ÜßíðÛìÛ=Þßç=ãèéç= ðãíí=îãÞ=ïèÞßì=íîìÛààÛèíðÛìK=aéçíîéæßè=àåì=åéêãéì=éÝâ=Ûðáöì=éç= íåóæÞãáâßî=àöìßæãááßì=Ûîî=íðÛìÛ=êå=ßè=àìåáÛ=èäì=Þßî=ÜßíîìãÞí=Ûð=

åäìÛèÞßèK=bèÞÛíî=êÛìîßì=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=ÞßîîÛ=àöìàÛìÛèÞßK=^èîÛæßî= àìåáéì=åÛè=ÜßáìäèíÛí=äðßè=âäìI=éàîÛíî=îãææ=OR=àìåáéìK=fèîßììéáÛîéãìßí= åÛè=ðÛìÛ=ßîî=íäîî=Ûîî=àå=àìÛç=Üéåàöìãèáíïêêáãàîßì=ßææßì=ÛèÞìÛ=çßì= áìïèÞæäááÛèÞß=àÛåîÛK=aßî=ßàîßìàìåáÛÞß=çÛîßìãÛæßî=öðßìæäçèÛíI=ðÛìJ ßàîßì=Þßè=àìåáÛèÞß=êÛìîßè=àåì=æßîÛ=ãáßèéç=Þßî=éàîÛ=éçàÛîîÛèÞß=çÛîßJ ìãÛæßî=íääæðK=

QKUKQ= aãíÝéðßìó=éà=aéÝïçßèîí=ÛèÞ=qâãèáí

mÛìî=àåì=äðßè=åìäðÛ=Ûð=çéîêÛìîßè=ßææßì=ÛèèÛè=Ûîî=àå=áìÛèíåÛ=ßææßì= åéêãßìÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=ßè=íKåK=ÞéÝïçßèî=ìßëïßíîK=aßî=ìäÝåßì=ã=ìßáßæ=Ûîî= íöåÛèÞßè=Ûèáßì=ßè=ðãíí=åÛîßáéìã=Ûð=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=ßàîßìíöåíI=íéç= îKßòK=”ÛææÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=Üßìöì=ßè=ðãíí=æßðßìÛèí=ßææßì=êìéÞïåî”I=ïîÛè= Ûîî=èäìçÛìß=íêßÝãàãÝßìÛ=ðãæåÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=ÛðíßíK=pðÛìßî=íåÛææ= Ûèîãèáßè=çßÞáß=Ûîî=Þß=ÜßáäìÞÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛìèÛ=íåÛææ=âåææÛí=îãææáäèáæãáÛ= àöì=áìÛèíåèãèá=éÝâ=åéêãßìãèá=ßææßì=ãèèßâåææÛ=ãèðäèÞèãèáÛìK=eÛèÞJ æãèáÛìèÛ=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=ã=Þßè=éìÞèãèá=íéç=Þß=ÜìïåÛì=àöìðÛìÛíK=jÛè=àåì= ãèîß=íîäææÛ=Þßç=ã=ééìÞèãèá=àöì=Ûîî=âãèÞìÛ=çéîêÛìîßèí=áìÛèíåèãèáK= bàîßì=Ûîî=éçÜïÞßî=âÛì=ÛðáìäèíÛî=Þß=ìßæßðÛèîÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛìèÛ=ÜìïåÛì= Þß=èïçìßìÛí=éÝâ=åéêãßìÛí=éÝâ=íßÞÛè=öðßìæäçèÛí=îãææ=íöåÛèÞßèK

28

Äðßè=ÛèÞìÛ=äè=êÛìîßì=åÛè=ÛðåìäðÛí=âÛèÞæãèáÛìI=äðßè=éç=ÞéçJ íîéæßè=ã=ìßáßæ=ÜìïåÛì=åìäðÛ=Ûîî=ßè=ÛèçÛèãèá=çéî=îìßÞäß=çÛè=íåÛææ= ðÛìÛ=çßì=êìßÝãíI=àöì=Ûîî=ãèîß=Üæã=Ûææîàöì=ÜßîïèáÛèÞßK=f=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=àÛææ= íåÛææ=ßçßææßìîãÞ=Þßèèß=Þßæáßí=ßè=íKåK=íïÜêéßèÛ=EïîàäìÞÛÞ=Ûð=ÞéçJ íîéæßèFI=ðãæåßî=äì=ßîî=àöìßæäááÛèÞß=Ûîî=öðßìæäçèÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=ßææßì=Ûîî= ðãîîèÛK=

28

Fyman, Discovery in America; förberedelse i tvistemål enligt amerikansk rätt, JT 1996/97, s. 207.

5. Skadestånd vid överträdelse av konkurrensreglerna

5.1. Kommittédirektiven

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=Þãìßåîãð=æóàîßì=íäìíåãæî=àìÛç=àöæäÛèÞßK=jßÞ=áìïêêîÛæÛJ èãèíîãîïîßî=åÛè=ßè=åéèíïçßèî=íéç=ãèáåì=ã=ßîî=åéææßåîãð=éÝâ=ßèÞÛíî= âÛì=æãÞãî=ßè=çãèÞìß=íåÛÞÛ=æäîîÛìß=îÛ=îãææ=ðÛìÛ=íãè=ìäîîK=bè=ïîðãÞáèãèá= Ûð=åìßîíßè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ßèæãáî=hi=íåïææß=Þäìàöì=åïèèÛ=àå= ßîî=ÛèèÛî=áßèéçíæÛá=çßÞ=Þßè=èóÛ=æÛáíîãàîèãèáßè=äè=ðÛÞ=íéç=îãÞãJ áÛìß=ðÛìãî=çöäæãáîK=^íêßåîßì=íéç=çåíîß=ÜßÛåîÛí=äì=ÞéÝå=åéèíïJ çßèîßìèÛí=çöäæãáâßîßì=Ûîî=ÜßðãíÛ=íåÛÞÛèí=íîéìæßå=éÝâ=éìíÛåíJ íÛçÜÛèÞßîK=

bààßåîßìèÛ=Ûð=ßè=öåèãèá=Ûð=åìßîíßè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ßèæãáî= hi=äìI=äðßè=çßÞ=Þßî=èóÛ=ãèíîãîïîßî=áìïêêîÛæÛèI=íðåìÛ=Ûîî=àöìïîíßK= aéÝå=åÛè=êéíãîãðÛ=ðßìåèãèáÛì=ã=àéìç=Ûð=öåÛÞ=ìßêÛìÛîãð=ßààßåî=îäèåÛí= ïêêíîåK=Äðßè=Þßè=êìßðßèîãðÛ=ßààßåîßè=åÛè=åéççÛ=Ûîî=öåÛ=ßàîßìíéç= àöìßîÛá=íéç=Üìóîßì=çéî=hi=ïîöðßì=Ûîî=ÜßîÛæÛ=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî= ìãíåßìÛì=Ûîî=àå=ÜßîÛæÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=îãææ=ßè=ÜìßÞÛìß=åìßîí=äè=èïK= bààßåîßìèÛ=Ûð=ÞßîîÛI=äðßè=çßÞ=Þßî=èóÛ=ãèíîãîïîßî=áìïêêîÛæÛèI=äì=ÞéÝå= íðåìÛ=Ûîî=àöìïîíßK=jéî=ÞßèèÛ=ÜÛåáìïèÞ=éÝâ=çßÞ=îÛèåß=êå=Þß=èóÛ= çöäæãáâßîßì=ãèíîãîïîßî=áìïêêîÛæÛè=ßìÜäïÞßì=àãèèí=Þßî=íåäæ=Ûîî=íß=öðßì= hiWí=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßíîäççßæíß=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=åìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ ÜßìäîîãáÛÞßK=rîìßÞÛìßè=íåÛææ=áöìÛ=ßè=ÛææíãÞãá=êìöðèãèá=Ûð=àìåáÛè=éÝâI= éç=Þßî=Ûèíßí=æäçêæãáîI=àöìßíæå=äèÞìÛÞ=ìßáæßìãèáK=cöì=Þßî=àÛææ=ïîìßÞÛJ ìßè=àãèèßì=Ûîî=áìïêêßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=Üöì=ïîðãÞáÛí=ã= àìåáÛ=éç=åéèíïçßèîßìI=íåÛææ=ïîìßÞÛìßè=éÝåíå=êìöðÛ=éç=Þßî=äì=æäçêJ æãáî=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=áßí=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=àöìÛ=éààßèîæãá=áìïêêJ îÛæÛè=ßèæãáî=æÛáßè=EOMMOWRVVF=éç=áìïêêìäîîßáåèáK=

5.2. Nuvarande ordning

RKOKN=däææÛèÞß= æóÞßæíß=

_ßíîäççßæíßè=ã=PP=§=hi=æóÞßì=ßèæãáî=àöæäÛèÞßK=

33 § Om ett företag uppsåtligen eller av oaktsamhet överträder förbuden i 6 eller 19 §, skall företaget ersätta den skada som därigenom uppkommer för ett annat företag eller en avtalspart. Rätten till sådan ersättning faller bort, om talan inte väcks inom fem år från det att skadan uppkom. Stockholms tingsrätt är alltid behörig att pröva frågor om skade-

íîåèÞ=ßèæãáî=ÞßèèÛ=êÛìÛáìÛàK

RKOKO= cöìÛìÜßîßèÛ=îãææ=Üßíîäççßæíßè=

däææÛèÞß=æÛáíîãàîèãèá=àöìßáãÝåí=Ûð=ÜæKÛK=åéèåïììßèíåéççãîîéèí= ÜßîäèåÛèÞß=héèåïììßèí=àöì=öåÛÞ=ðäæàäìÞ=Eplr=NVVNWRVFK=aäì= ïîîìóÝåîßí=àöæäÛèÞßK 1 =oßáæßì=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=âÛì=ßè=ðãåîãá=àïèåîãéè= Ûîî=àóææÛ=àöì=Ûîî=áß=ßèíåãæÞÛ=èäìãèáíãÞåÛìß=ãèÝãîÛçßèî=Ûîî=íääæðÛ=íöåÛ= ãèáìãêÛ=çéî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=àöìàÛìÛèÞßèK=^îî=åéèåïììßèíJ ìäîîßè=ÛðåìãçãèÛæãíßìÛÞßí=éÝâ=Þßî=ã=íîäææßî=ãèàöìÞßí=ßè=åéèåïììßèíJ íåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ãèèßÜÛì=ßè=ðäíßèîæãá=àöìäèÞìãèá=Ûð=Þßî=áäææÛèÞß=íÛèåJ îãéèííóíîßçßîK=eäìãáßèéç=Üìöîí=Þßî=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßææÛè=Üìéîî=éÝâ= íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=íéç=ÜìïåÛì=àöìïîíäîîÛí=àöì=Ûîî=ßìíäîîèãèá=àöì=ìßè=àöìJ çöáßèâßîííåÛÞÛ=íåÛææ=ïîáåK=aßî=ãèèßÜÛì=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=èåáéè=àöìäèÞJ ìãèá=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=Þßè=êìãèÝãêãßææÛ=çéîãðßìãèáßè=àöì=àöìÜïÞßè=ßææßì=ã= àìåáÛ=éç=Üßâéðßî=Ûð=Ûîî=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=çöîí=çßÞ=ßààßåîãðÛ=íÛèåJ îãéèßìK=aßî=Ûèíåáí=Þäìàöì=ïêêßèÜÛìî=Ûîî=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=äðßè=àéìîJ íäîîèãèáíðãí=íåÛææ=áìïèÞÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáâßîK=

f=êìéêéíãîãéèßè=îãææ=hi

2

=ÛèàöìÞßí=àöæäÛèÞßK=

Det är viktigt att det konkurrensrättsliga regelsystemet får en utformning så att det i möjligaste mån blir självgående. Reglerna bör alltså för sin tillämpning inte vara helt beroende av Konkurrensverkets initiativ. I detta perspektiv har särskilt regler om skadestånd en viktig funktion att fylla för att ge företag incitament att själv söka ingripa mot konkurrensbegränsande förfaranden. Skadeståndet har både en reparativ och en preventiv funktion.

1

Nämnda betänkande del 2, s. 286.

2

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 34.

f=íêßÝãÛæçéîãðßìãèáßè=íÛÞßí=ÜæKÛK=àöæäÛèÞßK

3

För tillämpning av skadeståndsregeln fordras att uppsåt eller oaktsamhet konstateras hos företaget. - - - Ersättning utgår alltså för ren förmögenhetsskada. I övrigt gäller skadeståndslagen och allmänna skadeståndsrättsliga principer, exempelvis om solidarisk skadeståndsskyldighet när flera har tagit del i den skadegörande handlingen och kravet på adekvat kausalitet mellan en skadegörande handling och uppkommen skada. Mål om skadestånd enligt denna paragraf handläggs av de allmänna domstolarna. En sådan talan får dock enligt paragrafens tredje stycke alltid väckas hos Stockholms tingsrätt. Rätt till skadestånd har enligt allmänna skadeståndsrättsliga principer bara den som kan sägas omfattas av lagens skyddsintresse. Hit hör konkurrerande företag men också företag i andra eller tidigare säljled som berörs mer direkt av förfarandet. Även den som inte anses som företag i lagens mening, men som träffat avtal med ett företag som deltar i ett förbjudet samarbete, kan ha rätt till ersättning för den skada som han drabbats av till följd av det förbjudna samarbetet. Det gäller främst när det förbjudna samarbetet är inriktat på en enskild avtalssituation, varvid en förbjuden anbudskartell är ett tydligt exempel på detta. Obestämda kretsar av konsumenter som indirekt berörs av ett förbjudet samarbete har inte rätt till skadestånd. Även om ett syfte med lagen är att främja det totala konsumentintresset kan dessa inte anses ingå i lagens skyddsintresse med hänsyn till lagens inriktning på förhållandena inom näringslivet. De skador som i första hand kommer i fråga att ersätta med stöd av denna paragraf är inkomstförlust och intrång i näringsverksamhet, jfr 5 kap. 7 § skadeståndslagen. Det är inte möjligt att närmare söka ange de olika situationer då skadestånd kan utgå enligt paragrafen. Omständigheterna i de enskilda fallen är alltför varierande. Vissa typsituationer kan dock allmänt beskrivas. Vid förbjuden bruttoprissättning kan en återförsäljare, som hindras av sin leverantör att sälja till ett lågt pris, ha rätt till ersättning för den uteblivna vinst han går miste om till följd av att leverantörens handlande leder till minskad omsättning. Ett förbjudet prissamarbete innebär ofta höjda inköpspriser för återförsäljare, som på grund av samarbetet kan tillfogas skada motsvarande skillnaden mellan priskartellens pris och det pris som annars skulle ha tillämpats. En förbjuden marknadsdelning innebär som regel att konkurrensen mellan olika leverantörer sätts ur spel. Återförsäljare hänvisas att köpa av en viss bestämd leverantör och de kan inte spela ut leverantörerna mot varandra i syfte att nå bättre inköpspriser. Ersättning kan utgå för den prishöjning som marknadsdelningen leder till.

3

Prop. 1992/93:56 s 96 f.

En förbjuden anbudskartell gör beställaren berättigad till ersättning för det merpris som han förmåtts betala på grund av anbudssamarbetet. Om beställaren med stöd av ogiltighetsregeln i 7 § låter avtalet gå åter, har han rätt till ersättning för de kostnader han haft för anbudsförfarandet men som blivit onyttiga. Missbruk av en dominerande ställning kan leda till extra kostnader för det dominerande företagets motpart på grund av missgynnade affärsvillkor eller oberättigade krav på tilläggsprestationer. Sådana kostnader skall ersättas. Andra fall av dominansmissbruk är förfaranden som innebär hinder för konkurrerande eller andra företags näringsutövning. Exklusivavtal och säljvägran är exempel på detta. När sådana förfaranden leder till ökade kostnader och minskad omsättning är det dominerande företaget ersättningsskyldigt för den skada som drabbar andra företag. Erfarenhetsmässigt föreligger stora svårigheter att mera exakt beräkna omfattningen av konkurrensskador. En ekonomiskt realistisk bedömning är självfallet att eftersträva. Föreligger bevissvårigheter har rätten enligt 35 kap. 5 § RB möjlighet att uppskatta skadan till ett skäligt belopp.

f=PP=§=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=hi=àãèèí=ßè=êìßíåìãêîãéèíìßáßæK=aßè=íéç=ðãææ= åÜßìéêÛ=ÞßèèÛ=ìßáßæ=çåíîß=áöìÛ=ßè=ãèðäèÞèãèá=éç=ÞßîîÛK=

cöì=îÛæÛè=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=áäææßì=Þß=ðÛèæãáÛ=àéìïçìßáæßìèÛ=ã=NM=åÛêK= o_K=bè=ÛæîßìèÛîãð=àéìïçìßáßæ=àöì=îÛæÛè=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=àöì=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=S=ßææßì=NV=§=àãèèí=ã=PP=§=îìßÞäß=íîóÝåßîK=_ßíîäççßæíßè= ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=åäìÛèÞßè=ÛææîãÞ=åÛè=ðäÝåÛ=ßè=íåÞÛè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíîÛæÛè=âéí= pîéÝåâéæçí=îãèáíìäîîK=

5.3. Utgångspunkter för en förändring

bè=Ûææçäè=ïîáåèáíêïèåî=ãèéç=íðßèíå=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìäîî=äì=Ûîî=ìäîîßè= îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=áìïèÞÛì=íãá=êå=Ûîî=èåáéè=âÛì=æãÞãî=ßè=ßìíäîîèãèáíáãææ= íåÛÞÛK=påÛÞßíîåèÞßîí=Üßæéêê=íåÛææ=çéîíðÛìÛ=íåÛÞÛèI=ãèîß=çßìK= rèÞÛèîÛáíðãí=àöìßåéççßì=ÛèÞìÛ=ìßáæßìI=íß=îKßòK=RU=§=êÛîßèîæÛáßèI= Þäì=Þßî=àöìßíåìãðí=Ûîî=Þßî=ðãÞ=ßìíäîîèãèáßèí=ÜßíîäççÛèÞß=íåÛææ=îÛí= âäèíóè=îãææ=êÛîßèîâÛðÛìßèí=ãèîìßííß=Ûð=Ûîî=êÛîßèîãèîìåèá=ãèîß=Üßáåí= éÝâ=îãææ=öðìãáÛ=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=Ûð=ÛèèÛè=äè=ìßèî=ßåéèéçãíå=ÜßîóJ ÞßæíßK=aßè=ÛçßìãåÛèíåÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìäîîßè=âÛì=ÛèÞìÛ=ãèíæÛáK=f= Ûðíèãîî=QKP=âÛì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Üßíåìãðãî=îìßÜæß=ÞÛçÛáßíI=íéç=ãèèßÜäì= Ûîî=Þßè=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞß=àåì=ßìíäîîèãèá=ïîöðßì=Þßè=íåÛÞÛ=âÛè=âÛì=æãÞãîK= jéîãðßìãèáßè=äì=Ûîî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞßî=íåÛææ=àïèáßìÛ=êìßðßèîãðîK=pÛççÛ= ðßìåèãèáÛì=àöæäßì=Ûð=àöìÜïÞßî=çéî=öðßìðäæîìãèáíàöìíðÛìK=bîî=íåÞÛèî= àöìÜïÞ=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=Þßè=ÞãìßåîÛ=åïèÞßè=àåì=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=îìéîí=Ûîî=âÛè=

âÛì=ÜßáìäèíÛî=íãè=ßáßè=íåÛÞÛ=áßèéç=Ûîî=ã=íãè=îïì=îÛ=ïî=ßè=öåÛÞ= åéíîèÛÞ=Ûð=íãèÛ=ßáèÛ=åïèÞßìK=^îî=ãèàöìÛ=ßè=éìÞèãèá=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß= Þßè=ÛçßìãåÛèíåÛ=íåïææß=ãèèßÜäìÛ=ßè=ìÛÞãåÛæ=äèÞìãèá=Ûð=íðßèíå= íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìäîî=éÝâ=åìäðÛ=èéááìÛèèÛ=öðßìðäáÛèÞßè=áìïèÞÛÞß=êå= éçàÛîîÛèÞß=ïîìßÞèãèáíãèíÛîíßìK=cìåáÛè=èäçèí=ãèîß=ã=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí= Þãìßåîãð=éÝâ=Þßî=îéìÞß=æãááÛ=ïîÛèàöì=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=ïêêÞìÛá=Ûîî=èï= àöìßíæå=èåáéèîãèá=íåÞÛèîK=

påÛÞßíîåèÞíìßáæßìèÛ=Üöì=íåæßÞßí=äðßè=àéìîíäîîèãèáíðãí=ðÛìÛ=ïîàéìJ çÛÞß=çßÞ=ïîáåèáíêïèåî=ã=Þßè=ìßêÛìÛîãðÛ=àïèåîãéèßèX=ßìíäîîèãèáßè= Üöì=ãèîß=öðßìíîãáÛ=Þßè=ìßßææÛ=íåÛÞÛèK=aßè=êìßðßèîãðÛ=àïèåîãéèßè=äì= ðãííßìæãáßè=ðãåîãá=éÝâ=Üöì=éÝåíå=ÜßÛåîÛíI=çßè=ÜÛìÛ=ã=Þßè=çåè=Þßî=äì= çöäæãáî=ãèéç=ìÛçßè=àöì=Þßî=èï=ÛèáãðèÛ=íóèíäîîßî=éÝâ=Þßî=äì=àöìJ ßèæãáî=çßÞ=bdJìäîîßèK=

5.4. Utredningens överväganden och förslag

RKQKN= hìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ðãÞáÛí=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáW=hìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ßèæãáî= PP=§=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=ðãÞáÛí=áßèéç=Ûîî=Üßáìäèíèãèáßè=îãææ=”àöìßJ îÛá”=éÝâ=”ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì”=íæéêÛíK=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=ÜßÞöçèãèáW=aßî=àãèèí=àöì=èäìðÛìÛèÞß=ãèîß=îãææJ ìäÝåæãáî=íîÛìåÛ=íåäæ=Ûîî=ïîíß=èåáéè=çóèÞãáâßî=íéç=íåïææß=àöìÛ= éààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛè=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßèæãáî=åéèåïììßèíJ æÛáíîãàîèãèáßèK=

fèæßÞèãèá=

péç=èóíí=ìßÞéðãíÛÞßí=íäáí=ã=àöìàÛîîèãèáíåéççßèîÛìßè=îãææ=PP=§=hi= Ûîî=Þß=íåÛÞéì=íéç=ã=àöìíîÛ=âÛèÞ=åéççßì=ã=àìåáÛ=Ûîî=ßìíäîîÛ=çßÞ=íîöÞ= Ûð=êÛìÛáìÛàßè=äì=ãèåéçíîàöìæïíî=éÝâ=ãèîìåèá=ã=èäìãèáíðßìåíÛçâßîI= ääçàöì=R=åÛêK=T=§=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíæÛáßèK=jßÞ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíæÛáßèí=îßìçãJ èéæéáã=äì=Þßî=àìåáÛ=éç=ìßè=àöìçöáßèâßîííåÛÞÛI=ÞðíK=íåÞÛè=ßåéèéJ çãíå=íåÛÞÛ=íéç=ïêêåéççßì=ïîÛè=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=Ûîî=èåáéè=æãÞßì= êßìíéèJ=ßææßì=íÛåíåÛÞÛK

4

4

Se 1 kap. 2 § skadeståndslagen.

f=O=åÛêK=O=§=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíæÛáßè=àöìßíåìãðí=Ûîî=Þßè=íéç=ðåææÛì=ìßè= àöìçöáßèâßîííåÛÞÛ=áßèéç=Üìéîî=íåÛææ=ßìíäîîÛ=íåÛÞÛèK=_ßíîäççßæJ íßè=êìßÝãíßìÛì=ãèîß=ðßç=íéç=âÛì=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞK=f=çéîãðßè

5

=íäáí=

Ûîî=âãîâöìÛèÞß=êìéÜæßç=àåì=æöíÛí=Ûð=ÞéçíîéæÛìèÛ=çßÞ=îãææäçêèãèá= Ûð=ÛææçäèèÛ=áìïèÞíÛîíßìK=aäìðãÞ=âäèðãíÛí=ÜæKÛK=îãææ=êìãèÝãêßìèÛ=éç= Þßî=ãèîìßííß=ßè=âÛèÞæãèáíèéìç=äì=ÛðíßÞÞ=Ûîî=íåóÞÞÛK=sãÞÛìß=íäáí=Ûîî= êÛìÛáìÛàßè=ãèîß=àåì=æäááÛí=îãææ=áìïèÞ=àöì=çéîíÛîííæïîK=_ßíîäççßæíßè= íåÛææ=Ûææîíå=ãèîß=âãèÞìÛ=Ûîî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáâßî=åæäááí=àöì=ìßè= àöìçöáßèâßîííåÛÞÛ=íéç=âÛì=éìíÛåÛîí=êå=ÛèèÛî=íäîî=äè=áßèéç=ÜìéîîK=

på=âÛì=éÝåíå=íåßîî=áßèéç=PP=§=hiI=íéç=àöìßíåìãðßì=ìäîî=îãææ= ßìíäîîèãèá=àöì=íåÛÞéì=íéç=ïêêåéççßì=áßèéç=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=àöìJ ÜïÞßè=ßèæãáî=S=éÝâ=NV=§§=hi=çéî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=àöìJ àÛìÛèÞßèK=påÛÞßíîåèÞßî=äì=ßèæãáî=PP=§=hi=ãèîß=ÜßáìäèíÛî=îãææ=ìßè=àöìJ çöáßèâßîííåÛÞÛ=çßè=ã=êìÛåîãåßè=äì=Þßî=íåÞÛè=íåÛÞÛ=íéç=ÛåîïÛæãíßJ ìÛíK=Äðßè=ã=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ=îãææ=hi

6

=âäèðãíÛí=îãææ=æÛáßèí=íåóÞÞíãèîìßííß=

èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=Ûîî=ÜßíîäççÛ=åìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞßK=eäì= äì=âäèðãíèãèáßèí=àïèåîãéè=ãèîß=Ûîî=ðÛìÛ=ßè=Ûèðãíèãèá=àöì=ìäîîíJ îãææäçêèãèáßèK=f=íîäææßî=âÛì=Þßè=åÛìÛåîäì=Ûð=Ûìáïçßèî=àöì=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞíÜßíîäççßæíßèí=ïîàéìçèãèáK=jßÞ=åÜßìéêÛèÞß=Ûð=æÛáßèí= íåóÞÞíäèÞÛçåæ=âÛì=æÛáíîãàîÛìßè=âäì=ðÛæî=Ûîî=ÜßáìäèíÛ=åìßîíßè=Ûð= íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=áßèéç=ßè=ïîîìóÝåæãá=æÛáÜßíîäççßæíßK= bèÞÛíî=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìßîÛá=éÝâ=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì=âÛì=ßèæãáî=PP=§=hi=ìäîî=îãææ= íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=Ûð=Þßî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=âÛì=öðßìîìäîî=èåáéî=Ûð=àöìÜïÞßè=ã= hiK=

f=Ûðíèãîî=UKOKO=âÛì=åîßìáãðãîí=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛí=ïîæäááèãèá=éç=Þß=éæãåÛ= íãîïÛîãéèßì=Þäì=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=åÛè=ïîáå=ßèæãáî=PP=§=hiK=péç=Þäì=àìÛçJ âåææí=åÛè=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßìèÛ=ã=Þß=ßèíåãæÞÛ=àÛææßè=ðÛìÛ=çóÝåßî=ðÛìãßJ ìÛèÞßK=aßî=åÛè=éÝåíå=ðÛìÛ=íðåìî=Ûîî=àÛíîíîäææÛ=Ûîî=ßîî=åéèåïììßèíJ ÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=àöìàÛìÛèÞß=ðßìåæãáßè=âÛì=æßîî=îãææ=íåÛÞÛ=ßææßì=Ûîî=ãÞßèîãJ àãßìÛ=Þßè=íéç=âÛì=ÞìÛÜÜÛîí=Ûð=íåÛÞÛèK=aßî=äì=îKßòK=ãèîß=íäåßìî=Ûîî=ßè= åéèåïììßèî=íéç=íîåì=ïîÛèàöì=ßè=åÛìîßææ=íåÛÞÛí=Ûð=Ûîî=åÛìîßææßè=Þìãðßì= ïêê=êìãíßî=êå=ßè=ðÛìÛK=Äðßè=åéèåïììßèîßè=åÛèíåß=åÛè=íäæäÛ=îãææ=Þßî= âöäÞÛ=êìãíßîK=lÝâ=Þßè=íéç=îðãèáÛí=Ûîî=åöêÛ=ßè=ðÛìÛ=îãææ=ßîî=àöì=âöáî= êìãí=Ûð=ßè=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=Ûåîöì=êå=çÛìåèÛÞßè=åÛèíåß=ã=íãè=îïì=åÛè=îÛ= ïî=Þßî=âöäÞÛ=êìãíßî=Ûð=íãèÛ=åïèÞßìK=påÛÞÛè=åÛè=öðßìðäæîìÛí=ã=àæßìÛ=æßÞ= éÝâ=íæïîæãáßè=âÛçèÛ=âéí=ßè=åéèíïçßèîK=lç=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíJ èãèáßè=áäææßì=ßè=ãèíÛîíðÛìÛI=åÛè=ãèðßìåÛè=êå=íæïîêìéÞïåîßèí=êìãí=Üæã= íå=æãîßè=Ûîî=Þßè=Üæãì=íðåì=Ûîî=åéèíîÛîßìÛK=kï=ÛèáãðèÛ=àöìâåææÛèÞßè=

5

Prop. 1972:5 s. 568.

6

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 96.

çßÞàöì=Ûîî=PP=§=hi=åÛè=áß=ïêêâéð=îãææ=íðåìãáâßîßì=Ûîî=ÜßðãíÛ=íåðäæ= íåÛÞÛè=íéç=éìíÛåííÛçÜÛèÞßèK=

cöìßîÛá=

péç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=èäçèí=ã=PP=§=hi=àöìíî=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìßîÛáK= bèæãáî=P=§=hi=Ûðíßí=ã=æÛáßè=çßÞ=àöìßîÛá=ßè=àóíãíå=ßææßì=äïìãÞãíå= êßìíéè=íéç=Þìãðßì=ðßìåíÛçâßî=Ûð=ßåéèéçãíå=ßææßì=åéççßìíãßææ= èÛîïìK=qãææ=Þßè=Þßæ=íåÞÛè=ðßìåíÛçâßî=Üßíîåì=ã=çóèÞãáâßîíïîöðèãèá= éçàÛîîÛí=Þßè=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=Ûð=Üßáìßêêßî=àöìßîÛáK=jßÞ=àöìßîÛá=Ûðíßí= éÝåíå=ßè=íÛççÛèíæïîèãèá=Ûð=àöìßîÛáK=

f=àìåáÛ=éç=àöìßîÛá=ÜßáìäèíÛì=æÛáßè=ãèîß=åìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ ÜßìäîîãáÛÞßK=bèæãáî=çéîãðßè

7

=íåÛææ=ÞéÝå=Þßè=ÛææçäèèÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ

ìäîîíæãáÛ=êìãèÝãêßè=éç=æÛáßèí=íåóÞÞíãèîìßííß=çßÞàöìÛ=ßè=ÜßáìäèíJ èãèáK=qãææ=Þßç=íéç=âÛì=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=âöì=íåæïèÞÛ=åéèåïììßJ ìÛèÞß=àöìßîÛá=éÝâ=àöìßîÛá=ã=ÛèÞìÛ=ßææßì=îãÞãáÛìß=íäæäæßÞ=íéç=Üßìöìí= çßì=Þãìßåî=Ûð=Þßî=íåÛÞßéìíÛåÛèÞß=àöìàÛìÛèÞßK=^ð=ïîîÛæÛèÞßî=àìÛçJ áåì=ãèîß=Ûîî=ÜÛìÛ=ÞßííÛ=åÛîßáéìãßì=Ûð=àöìßîÛá=íåïææß=ðÛìÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ ÜßìäîîãáÛÞßK=kåáéè=Üßáìäèíèãèá=åÛè=ãèîß=ïîæäíÛí=ïì=æÛáîßòîßèK=aßî= àìÛçíîåì=Þäìàöì=íéç=éðãííî=ðãæåÛ=àöìßîÛá=èäìçÛìß=Üßíîäçî=–=àöìïîéç= ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì=–=íéç=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=æÛáßèí=íåóÞÞíãèîìßííß=éÝâ=ÞäìçßÞ= ßèæãáî=çéîãðßè=âÛì=ìäîî=îãææ=ßìíäîîèãèá=àöì=íåÛÞÛ=îãææ=àöæäÞ=Ûð=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=àöìÜïÞßè=ã=hiK=

^ðîÛæíêÛìîßì=

^èÞìÛ=äè=àöìßîÛá=âÛì=ßèæãáî=êÛìÛáìÛàßè=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßèÞÛíî= éç=Þß=äì=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßìI=îóÞæãáßè=ã=àöìâåææÛèÞß=îãææ=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=âÛì= öðßìîìäîî=àöìÜïÞßî=ã=S=ßææßì=NV=§=hiK=f=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ

8

=íäáí=Ûîî=äðßè=Þßè=

íéç=ãèîß=Ûèíßí=íéç=àöìßîÛá=ã=æÛáßèí=çßèãèáI=çßè=íéç=îìäààÛî=ÛðîÛæ= çßÞ=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=ÞßæîÛì=ã=ßîî=àöìÜäïÞßî=íÛçÛìÜßîßI=åÛè=âÛ=ìäîî=îãææ= ßìíäîîèãèá=àöì=Þßè=íåÛÞÛ=íéç=âÛè=ÞìÛÜÜÛîí=Ûð=îãææ=àöæäÞ=Ûð=Þßî= àöìÜäïÞèÛ=íÛçÛìÜßîßîK=aßî=íäáí=áäææÛ=àìäçíî=èäì=Þßî=àöìÜäïÞèÛ=íÛçJ ÛìÜßîßî=äì=ãèìãåîÛî=êå=ßè=ßèíåãæÞ=ÛðîÛæííãîïÛîãéèI=ðÛìðãÞ=ßè=àöìÜäïÞßè= ÛèÜïÞíåÛìîßææ=Ûèáßí=íéç=ßîî=îóÞæãáî=ßòßçêßæK=fèîß=âßææßì=ã=àìåáÛ=éç= ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì=àìÛçáåì=ÞéÝå=èåáéè=Üßáìäèíèãèá=Ûð=æÛáîßòîßèK=qðå= åÛîßáéìãßì=Ûð=îäèåÜÛìÛ=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞß=îãææÞìÛì=íãá=ãèîìßííßK=

7

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 96.

8

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 96.

^îî=ÛèÜïÞíåÛìîßææßì=èäçèí=ã=çéîãðßè=îóÞßì=êå=Ûîî=Ûðíãåîßè=äì=Ûîî= éààßèîæãáÛ=éìáÛè=EíîÛîI=åéççïè=éÝâ=æÛèÞíîãèáF=íåÛææ=âÛ=ìäîî=îãææ= íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ã=ïêêâÛèÞæãèáííãîïÛîãéèßì=äðßè=éç=Þß=ãèîß=äì=àöìßîÛá=ã= æÛáßèí=çßèãèáK=bòßçêæßî=çßÞ=ÛèÜïÞíåÛìîßææßì=ðãíÛì=ßçßææßìîãÞ=Ûîî= Üßáìäèíèãèáßè=îãææ=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì=àåì=åéèíßåðßèíßì=íéç=çåâäèÞÛ=ãèîß= âÛì=ðÛìãî=ÛðíßÞÞÛK=_ßíîäççßæíßèí=ãèèßÜöìÞ=íóèßí=ðÛìÛ=Ûîî=ÜÛìÛ=Þßè= íéç=âÛì=îìäààÛî=ÛðîÛæ=çßÞ=ïêêâÛèÞæÛìßè=äì=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáK= ^èÞìÛ=çßÞæßççÛì=ã=åÛìîßææßè=íåïææß=Þå=ãèîß=åïèèÛ=åæäááÛí=Ûîî=ÜßîÛæÛ= íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßèæãáî=PP=§=hiK=

héèíïçßèîßì=íéç=ãèáåì=ÛðîÛæ=Þãìßåî=çßÞ=Þßî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=öðßìJ îìäÞßì=ßîî=àöìÜïÞ=ßèæãáî=S=ßææßì=NV=§=hi=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ Üßíîäççßæíßèí=éìÞÛæóÞßæíß=éÝâ=âÛì=ìäîî=îãææ=ßìíäîîèãèá=àöì=àöìæïíî= íéç=Þß=ÞìÛÜÜÛí=Ûð=áßèéç=öðßìîìäÞßæíßèK=f=ÛææÛ=Þß=àÛææ=Þäì=åéèíïJ çßèîßì=ÞìÛÜÜÛí=Ûð=íåÛÞÛ=îãææ=àöæäÞ=Ûð=Ûîî=Þß=äì=ÛðîÛæíêÛìî=ã=èåáéî= ÛèèÛî=íäæäæßÞ=åÛè=Þß=Þäìßçéî=ãèîß=áìïèÞÛ=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=êå=PP=§= hiK=

Äðßè=àöìßîÛá=åÛè=èÛîïìæãáîðãí=ðÛìÛ=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì=éÝâ=ÞäìçßÞ=ÜßìäîJ îãáÛÞß=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞK=aßî=åÛè=áäææÛ=îKéKçK=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=äì=êÛìî=ã= ßîî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=ÛðîÛæK=lç=àöìßîÛáßî=êå=áìïèÞ=Ûð=ïèÞßìJ æäáíßè=íîäææèãèá=îðãèáÛí=ãè=ã=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=ÛðîÛæI=åÛè=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ= åéççÛ=ã=àìåáÛK

9

=làîÛ=îéìÞß=ÞéÝå=ääçåèãèá=êå=áìïèÞ=Ûð=çßÞJ

ðåææÛèÞß=ÛåîïÛæãíßìÛíK=

lààßèîæãáÛ=éìáÛè=

aßè=Üßáìäèíèãèá=ã=åìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=íéç=àöæäßì=Ûð= éìÞßî=”ÛðîÛæíêÛìî”=ã=æÛáîßòîßè=àåì=ÞãíåïîÛÜæÛ=àöæäÞßì=ðãÞ=éààßèîæãá= ïêêâÛèÞæãèáK=lç=ÞßæîÛáÛìèÛ=ã=ßîî=ÛèÜïÞíàöìàÛìÛèÞß=åéççßì= öðßìßèí=êå=àöìâÛèÞ=éç=ðßç=Ûð=Þßç=íéç=íåÛææ=ðãèèÛ=ïêêâÛèÞæãèáßè= éÝâ=ÛèêÛííÛì=íãèÛ=ÛèÜïÞ=ßàîßì=ÞßîI=Üöì=ÛææÛ=ÞßæîÛáÛìèÛ=ã=åÛìîßææßè= ðÛìÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáÛI=ãèîß=ÜÛìÛ=Þßè=çßÞæßç=íéç=àåì=ãèáå=ÛðîÛæßî= çßÞ=ïêêâÛèÞæÛìßèK=aßîîÛ=àìÛçíîåì=íéç=íå=çóÝåßî=çßì=çéîãðßìÛî= íéç=ßè=íåÞÛè=ïîðãÞáÛÞ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáâßî=îéìÞß=àöìßæãááÛ=ìßÞÛè= ßèæãáî=áäææÛèÞß=ìäîî=èäì=ïêêâÛèÞæÛìßè=äì=ßîî=àöìßîÛáK=påÛÞßíîåèÞíJ Üßíîäççßæíßè=ã=hi=Üöì=Þäìàöì=äèÞìÛí=íå=Ûîî=Þßî=Üæãì=åæÛìî=Ûîî=äðßè= ÛèÞìÛ=äè=àöìßîÛá=ßææßì=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì=âÛì=ìäîî=îãææ=ßìíäîîèãèá=ã=Þß=èï= ÜßíåìãðèÛ=íãîïÛîãéèßìèÛ=àöì=íåÛÞéì=íéç=Þß=ÞìÛÜÜÛí=Ûð=áßèéç=ßè= öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=àöìÜïÞßè=ã=hiK=

9

Jfr beträffande EG-rätten, EG-domstolens dom i mål C-453/99 Courage Ltd. mot Berard

Crehan, [2001] REG I – 6927.

héèíïçßèîßì=

héèíïçßèîßì=íéç=äì=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì=îãææ=Þßî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáÛ=àöìßJ îÛáßî=âÛì=Ûææîíå=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßèæãáî=PP=§=hiK=

lÜßíîäçÞÛ=åìßîíÛì=Ûð=åéèíïçßèîßì=íéç=ãèÞãìßåî=Üßìöìí=Ûð=ßîî= àöìÜäïÞßî=íÛçÛìÜßîß=âÛì=Þäìßçéî=ãèîß=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞI=íäáí=Þßî=ã= çéîãðßèK

10

=jßÞ=éÜßíîäçÞÛ=åìßîíÛì=Ûð=åéèíïçßèîßì=îéìÞß=Ûðíßí=

íåÞÛèÛ=åéèíïçßèîßì=íéç=ãèîß=âÛì=ãèáåîî=ÛðîÛæ=çßÞ=Þßî=àöìßîÛá=íéç= âÛì=öðßìîìäîî=àöìÜïÞíìßáæßìèÛ=ã=hiK=péç=íåäæ=îãææ=Ûîî=ÞßèèÛ=åÛîßáéìã= Ûð=åéèíïçßèîßì=ãèîß=íåÛææ=âÛ=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=Ûèàöìí=ÛîîI=äðßè=éç= ßîî=íóàîß=çßÞ=æÛáßè=äì=Ûîî=àìäçäÛ=Þßî=îéîÛæÛ=åéèíïçßèîãèîìßííßîI= ÞßííÛ=åéèíïçßèîßì=ãèîß=åÛè=Ûèíßí=ãèáå=ã=æÛáßèí=íåóÞÞíãèîìßííß=çßÞ= âäèíóè=îãææ=æÛáßèí=ãèìãåîèãèá=êå=àöìâåææÛèÞßèÛ=ãèéç=èäìãèáíæãðßîK= aßèèÛ=àöìåæÛìãèá=äì=ßèæãáî=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=çßèãèá=ãèîß=ÛææÞßæßí=öðßìJ îóáÛèÞßK=iÛáßèí=äèÞÛçåæ=äì=ßèæãáî=N=§=hi=Ûîî=ïèÞÛèìöäÛ=éÝâ=çéîJ ðßìåÛ=âãèÞßì=àöì=ßè=ßààßåîãð=åéèåïììßèí=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=êìéÞïåîãéè=Ûð= éÝâ=âÛèÞßæ=çßÞ=ðÛìéìI=îääèíîßì=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=èóîîãáâßîßìK=iÛáßèí= ãèìãåîèãèá=êå=àöìâåææÛèÞßèÛ=ã=èäìãèáíæãðßî=äì=íåæßÞßí=ãèîß=ßîî=ïîîìóÝå= àöì=éçíéìá=éç=ßèíåãæÞÛ=èäìãèáíãÞåÛìß=ïîÛè=àöìßíîÛðÛí=Ûð=ÛçÜãîãéJ èßè=Ûîî=åíîÛÞåéççÛ=ßè=ßààßåîãð=åéèåïììßèíK=bè=ßààßåîãð=åéèåïìJ ìßèí=äì=ßîî=åéèíïçßèîãèîìßííß=åîçãèíîéèß=ã=æãåÛ=íîéì=ïîíîìäÝåèãèá= íéç=ßîî=èäìãèáíãÞåÛìãèîìßííßK

11

=iÛáßèí=ãèìãåîèãèá=àöìåæÛìÛì=Þäìàöì=

ãèîß=ðÛìàöì=íåóÞÞíãèîìßííßî=íåïææß=éçàÛîîÛ=éÜßíîäçÞÛ=åìßîíÛì=Ûð= èäìãèáíãÞåÛìß=çßè=ãèîß=éÜßíîäçÞÛ=åìßîíÛì=Ûð=åéèíïçßèîßìK=päìíåãæî= íðåìî=Ûîî=àöìíîå=äì=ðÛìàöì=ßè=åéèíïçßèî=íéç=äì=éààßì=àöì=ßè=ÛèÜïÞíJ åÛìîßææ=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=âäèðãíÛÞ=îãææ=Ûîî=åìäðÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=Ûð=Þßè=åÛìîßææJ çßÞæßç=íéç=âÛè=ãèáåîî=ÛðîÛæ=çßÞI=çßÞÛè=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=ã=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß= íãîïÛîãéè=åÛè=ðäèÞÛ=íãá=çéî=ðãæåßè=íéç=âßæíî=Ûð=åÛìîßææßèí=çßÞJ æßççÛìK=

héèíïçßèîêßìíêßåîãðßî=âÛì=êå=íßèÛìß=îãÞ=åéççãî=Ûîî=Üæã=Ûææîçßì= àìÛçîìäÞÛèÞß=ãèéç=åéèåïììßèíêéæãîãåßèK=héèíïçßèîßìèÛ=àåì=äðßè= Ûèíßí=éçàÛîîÛÞß=Ûð=hiWí=íåóÞÞíãèîìßííßK=påãææèÛÞßì=ã=åéèíïçßèîßìí= ìäîî=Ûîî=àå=ßìíäîîèãèá=àöì=íåÛÞÛ=ÜßìéßèÞß=êå=éç=Þß=íîåì=ã= ÛðîÛæíàöìâåææÛèÞß=îãææ=àöìßîÛáßî=ã=àìåáÛ=ßææßì=ãèîß=îßì=íãá=Þå=éçéîãðßJ ìÛÞßK=Äðßè=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=åéèíïçßèîßì=Üöì=Þäìàöì=ãèíåìäèåèãèáßè=îãææ= ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì=îÛí=ÜéìîK=

10

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 96.

11

Jfr Wetter m.fl., Konkurrenslagen, en handbok, 2 uppl. 2002, s. 6 f.

cöìíæÛá=

^ð=Þß=íåäæ=íéç=èï=âÛì=ìßÞéðãíÛîí=Üöì=åìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ ÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ßèæãáî=hi=ðãÞáÛí=íå=Ûîî=Þßè=ãèîß=æäèáìß=äì=ÜßáìäèíÛÞ=îãææ=–= àöìïîéç=àöìßîÛá=–=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßìK=aßî=åÛè=æÛáîßåèãíåî=æöíÛí=êå=éæãåÛ= íäîîK=bè=çöäæãáâßî=äì=Ûîî=ã=æÛáîßòîßè=ìäåèÛ=ïêê=Þß=åÛîßáéìãßì=Ûð= íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞß=íéç=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=ßìíäîîèãèáíÜßìäîîãáÛÞßK=aßî=äì=ÞéÝå= íðåìî=Ûîî=áöìÛ=ßè=íåÞÛè=ïêêìäåèãèá=àïææíîäèÞãá=ïîÛè=Ûîî=Þßè=åéççßì= Ûîî=éçàÛîîÛ=èåáéè=íéç=ãèîß=Üöì=éçàÛîîÛíK=oãíåßè=àöì=áìäèíÞìÛáJ èãèáíêìéÜæßç=äì=ïêêßèÜÛìK=

bè=ÛæîßìèÛîãð=çöäæãáâßî=äì=Ûîî=Üßíîäççßæíßè=ã=PP=§=hi=ïîàéìçÛí= ßàîßì=çöèíîßì=Ûð=O=åÛêK=O=§=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíæÛáßè=íå=Ûîî=íåÛÞßáöìÛìßè= íåÛææ=ßìíäîîÛ=Þßè=íåÛÞÛ=íéç=ïêêåéççßì=áßèéç=öðßìîìäÞßæíßèI=ïîÛè= Ûîî=èåáìÛ=åÛîßáéìãßì=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ÛèáßíK=lìÞßè=”àöìßJ îÛá”=éÝâ=”ÛðîÛæíêÛìî”=îÛí=Ûææîíå=Üéìî=ïì=æÛáîßòîßèI=íéç=ÞäìçßÞ= åéççßì=Ûîî=àöìßíåìãðÛ=ßèÞÛíî=Ûîî=Þßè=íéç=æãÞßì=íåÛÞÛ=êå=áìïèÞ=Ûð= öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=âÛì=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞK=iÛáíîãàîÛìßè=Ûðíîåì=íåæßÞßí= àìåè=Ûîî=ìßáæßìÛ=àìåáÛè=ðãæåÛ=êßìíéèßì=íéç=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=ÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=îãææ= íåÛÞßíîåèÞK=aßî=Üæãì=ã=íîäææßî=ßè=ïêêáãàî=àöì=ìäîîíîãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûîî= ÛðáìäèíÛ=åìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=çßÞ=îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð= ÛææçäèèÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìäîîíæãáÛ=êìãèÝãêßìK=

péç=âÛì=ìßÞéðãíÛîí=ã=Þßî=àöìßáåßèÞß=íåßì=Ûðáìäèíèãèáßè=ðãÞ= îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=O=åÛêK=O=§=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíæÛáßè=çßÞ=âääæê=Ûð=êìãèJ Ýãêßè=éç=Þß=éæãåÛ=íîìÛààÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛí=íåóÞÞíäèÞÛçåæK=bèæãáî= ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=ïêêàÛîîèãèá=äì=Þßî=åèÛêêÛíî=çöäæãáî=Ûîî=àãèèÛ=çéîJ íðÛìÛèÞß=ðäáæßÞèãèá=ã=hiWí=íåóÞÞíäèÞÛçåæ=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=Ûîî=êìßÝãJ íßìÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáâßîßè=ßèæãáî=hiK=aßî=äì=ÞéÝå=Ûèáßæäáßî=Ûîî= àöìßîÛáßèí=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíðÛì=ãèîß=ïîðãÞáÛí=íå=æåèáî=Ûî=Þßî=Üæãì=éàöìJ ïîíäáÜÛìîK=^èÞìÛ=ÛææçäèèÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìäîîíæãáÛ=êìãèÝãêßìI=îKßòK=éç= ÛÞßåðÛî=åÛïíÛæãîßî=éÝâ=éç=ÛèíðÛì=àöì=îìßÞäßçÛèííåÛÞéì

12

I=åÛè=âäì=àå=

ÜßîóÞßæíßK=aßî=åÛè=ãèîß=åéççÛ=ã=àìåáÛ=Ûîî=æÛáíîãàîÛìßè=íåÛææ=àöìßJ íåìãðÛ=âïì=ÞßííÛ=êìãèÝãêßì=íåÛææ=îãææäçêÛí=êå=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞéìK= péç=êå=ÛèÞìÛ=éçìåÞßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìäîîßè=àåì=Þßî=Üæã=ßè=ïêêáãàî= àöì=ìäîîíîãææäçêèãèáßèK=

12

Se om indirekta skador och tredjemansskador T. Andersson, Dispositionsprincipen och EG:s konkurrensregler, 1999, s. 139, J. Andersson, Legala förbud och ogiltighet, TfR (1999) s. 632 –634 och 648 –649 samt Wahl, Konkurrensskada, 2000, s. 251 ff. och 312 ff. Enligt Wahl bör den generellt restriktiva inställningen till tredjemansskador i svensk rätt, i kombination med konkurrensrättens behov av preventiva sanktioner, leda till att indirekta konkurrensskador betraktas som icke-ersättningsgilla tredjemansskador. Enligt Levinsohn/Lidgard talar allmänna skadeståndsrättsliga resonemang för att den indirekta kunden troligtvis har rätt till skadestånd. Detta stöds av att det i förarbetena talas om ”andra och tidigare säljled”, prop. 1992/93:56 s. 96.

bè=èÛîïìæãá=Üßáìäèíèãèá=ïêêåéççßì=éÝåíå=áßèéç=Ûîî=ìäîîßè=îãææ= íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=àöìïîíäîîßì=Ûîî=Þßî=àãèèí=ßè=ãÞßèîãàãßìÜÛì=íåÛÞÛK= vîîßìæãáÛìß=ßè=Üßáìäèíèãèá=åÛè=æãááÛ=Þäìã=Ûîî=íåÛÞÛè=íåÛææ=âÛ=Ûîî=áöìÛ= çßÞ=Þß=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=ßààßåîßìèÛ=Ûð=Þßè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ áìïèÞÛèÞß=âÛèÞæãèáßèX=àöì=Ûîî=íåÛÞÛè=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=ßìíäîîèãèáíáãææ=àåì= Þßè=ãèîß=ðÛìÛ=ßîî=ìßíïæîÛî=Ûð=öåÛÞ=åéèåïììßèíK

13

=jßÞ=èïðÛìÛèÞß=

ÜßðãíÜöìÞßìßáæßì=Ûèåéççßì=Þßî=êå=Þßè=íéç=Üßáäì=ßìíäîîèãèá=Ûîî= ÜßðãíÛ=Ûîî=âÛè=âÛì=ÞìÛÜÜÛîí=Ûð=ßè=ßìíäîîèãèáíáãææ=íåÛÞÛ=æãåíéç=Ûîî=Þßî= àãèèí=ßîî=éìíÛåííÛçÜÛèÞ=çßææÛè=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=éÝâ=íåÛÞÛèK=rîìßÞJ èãèáßè=Ûèíßì=Ûîî=Þßî=ãèîß=äì=çéîãðßìÛî=Ûîî=äèÞìÛ=ÞßííÛ=ìßáæßì=íå=Ûîî= ÜßðãíÜöìÞÛè=àæóîîÛí=îãææ=Þßè=íéç=åìäðí=êå=ßìíäîîèãèáK=aßî=åÛè= ßçßææßìîãÞ=ðãíÛ=íãá=ã=ìäîîíêìÛòãí=Ûîî=Þßî=àãèèí=íãîïÛîãéèßì=Þäì=ÜßðãíJ åìÛðßî=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=éìíÛåííÛçÜÛèÞßî=Üöì=íäèåÛí=íå=íéç=âÛì=íåßîî=êå= ÛèÞìÛ=ìäîîíéçìåÞßèK

14

=péç=íåäæ=àöì=Ûîî=ÜßáìäèíÛ=åéèíïçßèîßìèÛí=

ìäîî=îãææ=ßìíäîîèãèá=âÛì=ãÜæÛèÞ=Ûèàöìîí=Ûîî=ìäîîßè=åÛè=Üæã=ãææïíéìãíåI= ßàîßìíéç=Þßî=éàîÛ=äì=íðåìî=ßææßì=éçöäæãáî=Ûîî=ÜßðãíÛ=íåÛÞÛèí=íîéìæßåK= jßÞ=îÛèåß=êå=Ûîî=Þéçíîéæßè=ã=íåÞÛèÛ=àÛææ=àåì=ïêêíåÛîîÛ=íåÛÞÛè=îãææ= íåäæãáî=ÜßæéêêI=îéìÞß=ÞßîîÛ=ãèîß=ã=íãá=ðÛìÛ=ßîî=ÛðáöìÛèÞß=Ûìáïçßèî= çéî=Ûîî=åìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ïîðãÞáÛíK=aéÝå=Üöì= éÝåíå=ÜßÛåîÛí=Ûîî=Þßî=çåèáÛ=áåèáßì=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=íðåìî=Ûîî=ÜßðãíÛ=Ûîî=ßè= íåÛÞÛ=Ûææí=âÛì=ïêêíîåîî=éÝâ=Þßî=àãèèí=ãèáßè=ìßáßæ=íéç=çßÞáßì=ÜßðãíJ æäîîèÛÞ=ã=Þßî=âäèíßßèÞßîK=päìíåãæî=ã=íåÞÛèÛ=àÛææ=Þäì=Þßè=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞß= Üßàãèèßì=íãá=àæßìÛ=ÛðîÛæíæßÞ=Üéìî=àìåè=Þßî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=âÛì=öðßìîìäîî= ßè=àöìÜïÞíìßáßæ=åÛè=çßÞ=Þßè=èï=ÞãíåïîßìÛÞß=éìÞèãèáßè=ßè=ìäîî=îãææ= íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=åéççÛ=Ûîî=àå=ßè=èÛîïìæãá=ÜßáìäèíèãèáK=

aßè=ìßêÛìÛîãðÛ=àïèåîãéèßè=âéí=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìßáæßìèÛ=ã=hi=åÛè=àöìJ ðäèîÛí=àå=öåÛî=ïîìóççßI=éç=äðßè=ÛèÞìÛ=äè=àöìßîÛá=éÝâ=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì= åÛè=àå=ßìíäîîèãèá=àöì=íåÛÞéìK=bçßææßìîãÞ=åÛè=çÛè=ãèîß=ìäåèÛ=çßÞ=Ûîî= ßèíåãæÞÛ=åéèíïçßèîßì=ã=èåáéè=íîöììß=ïîíîìäÝåèãèá=åéççßì=Ûîî= ïîèóîîäÛ=çöäæãáâßîßè=Ûîî=åìäðÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞK=på=íóèßí=ãèîß=âÛ=íåßîî= âãîîãææí=ã=Þß=àÛææ=Þäì=åéèíïçßèîßì=äì=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì=éÝâ=íåæßÞßí=âÛì=ìäîî= îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßèæãáî=áäææÛèÞß=ìäîîK=aß=ßìíäîîèãèáíåìÛð=Þßî=åÛè=Üæã= àìåáÛ=éç=îéìÞß=ðÛìÛ=ÜæKÛK=öðßìêìãíßì=êå=ðÛìéì=ßææßì=îääèíîßì=íéç=åéèJ íïçßèîßè=ÜßîÛæÛî=îãææ=àöæäÞ=Ûð=öðßìîìäÞßæíßèK=aéÝå=æäì=ßè=ßèíåãæÞ= åéèíïçßèîí=íåÛÞÛ=éàîÛ=ðÛìÛ=íå=æãîßè=Ûîî=åéèíïçßèîßè=ãèîß=Ûèíßì=Þßî= çßèãèáíàïææî=Ûîî=íääæð=àìÛçíîäææÛ=íãîî=åìÛðK=f=àìåáÛ=éç=íåÞÛèÛ=ßìíäîîJ èãèáíåìÛðI=íéç=Ûææîíå=ãèîß=äì=ãèÞãðãÞïßææî=êìéÝßííÜÛìÛI=åÛè=Þäìßçéî=

13

Jfr Wahl, Konkurrensskada, s. 273 f. och Levinsohn/Lidgard, Skadestånd som sanktion mot karteller, Konkurrensverkets A-4 serie, juli 2002, s. 61 f.

14

Se t.ex. NJA 1982 s. 421 och NJA 1991 s. 481; jfr 32 kap. 3 § tredje stycket miljöbalken.

Þßè=èóÛ=æÛáßè=EOMMOWRVVF=éç=áìïêêìäîîßáåèá=åéççÛ=îãææ=ÛèðäèÞJ èãèáK=

lç=Üßáìäèíèãèáßè=îãææ=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì=îÛí=ÜéìîI=îéìÞß=Þßî=àå=íîöììß= ÜßîóÞßæíß=ã=Þß=îãÞãáÛìß=ÜßíåìãðèÛ=íãîïÛîãéèßìèÛ=Þäì=ßè=éààßèîæãá=ïêêJ âÛèÞæÛìß=ßèæãáî=Þßè=èïðÛìÛèÞß=ìßáßæèí=éìÞÛæóÞßæíß=ãèîß=åÛè=åìäðÛ= íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=Ûð=ÛèÞìÛ=åÛìîßææçßÞæßççÛì=äè=Þßè=íéç=ïêêâÛèÞæÛìßè= ãèáåîî=ÛðîÛæ=çßÞK=f=íåÞÛèÛ=àÛææ=åÛè=Þßî=ìöìÛ=íãá=éç=ÜßîóÞÛèÞß= íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßæéêê=éÝâ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíðÛìßî=Üæãì=àöìâåææÛèÞßðãí=æäîî= Ûîî=êåðãíÛ=íå=íèÛìî=íéç=åÛìîßææßè=âÛì=ÛðíæöäÛîíK=

bè=ïîðãÞáÛÞ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìäîî=àöì=èóÛ=áìïêêßì=Ûð=åéèíïçßèîßì= éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=íéç=ãèîß=äì=àöìßîÛá=íåïææß=éÝåíå=åïèèÛ=öåÛ=hiWí=êìßðßèJ îãðÛ=ðßìåÛèK=cöìßîÛáßè=æöêßì=èäçæãáßè=Þå=ßè=öåÛÞ=ìãíå=Ûîî=ÞìÛÜÜÛí= Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞI=íéç=íÛççÛèîÛáßî=åÛè=ïêêáå=îãææ=íîéìÛ=ÜßæéêêI=éÝâ= Þßè=”ÜÛÞñãææ”=íéç=ßè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíêìéÝßíí=ãèèßÜäìK=

jéî=ÜÛåáìïèÞ=Ûð=Þßî=ÛèàöìÞÛ=àöìßíæåì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûîî=PP=§=hi= äèÞìÛí=íå=Ûîî=éìÞßè=”àöìßîÛá”=éÝâ=”ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì”=îÛí=Üéìî=éÝâ= åìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ÞäìçßÞ=ãèîß=æäèáìß=êìßÝãíßìÛí=ã= æÛáîßòîßèK=

f=íÛççÛèâÛèáßî=àöìîääèÛì=Þßî=Ûîî=íäáÛí=èåáéî=éç=Þßî=èóÛ=êìéJ áìÛççßî=àöì=ßàîßìáãàî=éÝâ=èßÞíäîîèãèá=Ûð=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî= íéç=ãèîìéÞïÝßìÛÞßí=ïèÞßì=íéççÛìßè=OMMOK=póíîßçßî=Üóááßì=êå=Ûîî= àöìßîÛá=íéç=äì=ãèÜæÛèÞÛÞß=ã=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ= íåÛææ=ïêêçïèîìÛí=Ûîî=àìãðãææãáî=ÛèçäæÛ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßìèÛK=fèÝãîÛçßèîßî= Üßíîåì=ã=Ûîî=Þß=åÛè=àå=ßàîßìáãàî=àìåè=ßææßì=èßÞíäîîèãèá=Ûð=Þßè= åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=íéç=ÛèèÛìí=íåïææß=êåàöìÛí=àöìßîÛáßîK=aßèèÛ= ßààßåî=íåïææß=åïèèÛ=çéîðßìåÛí=éç=àöìßîÛáßî=íåïææß=ìãíåßìÛ=ßîî= ïîðãÞáÛî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíðÛìK=lç=Þßî=ã=èåáéî=àÛææ=íåïææß=ãèîìäààÛI=àåì= çÛè=ßèæãáî=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=çßèãèá=ÛÝÝßêîßìÛ=Þßî=íéç=ßè=ìãçæãá=àöæäÞ= Ûð=àöìíæÛáßîK=aßî=åÛè=îãææäááÛí=Ûîî=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=êìéÜæßç=åÛè=ïêêJ åéççÛ=èäì=bdJìäîîßè=îãææäçêÛíK=rîìßÞèãèáßèí=ÜßÞöçßì=Ûîî=êìéJ Üæßçßî=ãèîß=äì=íå=ÛææðÛìæãáî=Ûîî=àöìíæÛáßî=êå=áìïèÞ=ÞäìÛð=ãèîß=Üöì= áßèéçàöìÛíK=

dìïêêîÛæÛè=

iÛáßè=EOMMOWRVVF=éç=áìïêêìäîîßáåèá=îìäÞÞß=ã=åìÛàî=Þßè=N=äÛèïÛìã= OMMPK=aäìçßÞ=âÛì=Þßî=ãèàöìîí=ßè=çöäæãáâßî=îãææ=áìïêêîÛæÛè=íéç=ßîî= åéçêæßçßèî=îãææ=Þßî=ðÛèæãáÛ=ìäîîßáåèáíàöìàÛìÛèÞßîK=f=Þßî=çéÞßìèÛ= íÛçâäææßî=ãèîìäààÛì=éæãåÛ=âäèÞßæíßì=íéç=áßì=ïêêâéð=îãææ=Ûîî=çåèáÛ= êßìíéèßì=åÛè=ìãåîÛ=æãåÛÞÛèÛ=ßææßì=æãåÛìîÛÞß=Ûèíêìåå=çéî=èåáéè=

ÛèèÛèK=påÞÛèÛ=Ûèíêìåå=äì=íðåìÛ=Ûîî=áöìÛ=áäææÛèÞß=ðãÞ=Þéçíîéæ=ßææßì= êå=ÛèèÛî=íäîîI=ãèîß=çãèíî=èäì=ðÛìäß=Ûèíêìåå=âÛì=ßîî=æãîßî=ßåéèéçãíåî= ðäìÞßK=fèíîãîïîßî=áìïêêîÛæÛè=íóàîÛì=îãææ=Ûîî=êå=ßîî=öðßìáìãêÛèÞß=éÝâ= áßèßìßææî=íäîî=åéççÛ=îãææ=ìäîîÛ=çßÞ=ÞßííÛ=Üìãíîßì=ã=Þßî=êìéÝßííïßææÛ= ìäîîííåóÞÞßîK=póàîßî=äì=óîîßìíî=Ûîî=àöìÜäîîìÛ=áßèéçíæÛáßî=àöì=ìßÞÛè= áäææÛèÞß=çÛîßìãßææÛ=ìäîîíìßáæßìK=

jßÞ=áìïêêîÛæÛè=Ûðíßí=Ûîî=èåáéè=ïîÛè=ìäîîßáåèáíàïææçÛåî=àöì=îÛæÛè= àöì=çßÞæßççÛìèÛ=ã=ßè=áìïêêK=dìïêêçßÞæßççÛìèÛ=äì=ãèîß=êÛìîßì=ã= ìäîîßáåèáßè=éÝâ=Üßâöðßì=ãèîß=çßÞðßìåÛ=ÛåîãðîK=bè=Þéç=áäææßì=àöì= éÝâ=ßçéî=ÛææÛ=íéç=ãèáåì=ã=áìïêêßèK=

dìïêêîÛæÛè=åÛè=ðäÝåÛí=Ûð=ßèíåãæÞÛ=êßìíéèßìI=éìáÛèãíÛîãéèßì=ßææßì= çóèÞãáâßîßìK=cöì=Ûîî=âÛ=ìäîî=Ûîî=ðäÝåÛ=ßèíåãæÞ=áìïêêîÛæÛè=íåÛææ= åäìÛèÞßè=ðÛìÛ=çßÞæßç=ã=Þßè=áìïêê=âÛè=ðãææ=àöìßîìäÞÛK=lìáÛèãíÛJ îãéèíîÛæÛè=åÛè=ðäÝåÛí=Ûð=ãÞßßææÛ=éìáÛèãíÛîãéèßì=êå=åéèíïçßèîìäîîßèí= éÝâ=çãæäöìäîîßèí=éçìåÞßèK=f=àìåáÛ=éç=éààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛè=çßÞJ ÞßæÛì=ìßáßìãèáßè=íäìíåãæÞÛ=àöìßíåìãàîßì=éç=îÛæßìäîî=àöì=çóèÞãáâßîßìK=

dìïêêìäîîßáåèá=äì=ßè=æäçêæãá=êìéÝßííàéìç=éç=Üßðãíèãèáßè=äì= ÞßèíÛççÛ=éÝâ=àæßìÛ=åäìéçåæ=íîöÞßì=íãá=êå=ðäíßèîæãáßè=æãåÛìîÛÞ= áìïèÞK=aßî=åÛè=ãèèßÜäìÛ=Ûîî=áìïèÞßìèÛ=âÛì=ðãííÛ=öðßìßèííîäççÛèÞß= ÞìÛáI=çßÞÛè=Þß=íåãæäßì=íãá=àìåè=ðÛìÛèÞìÛ=çßÞ=ÛðíßßèÞß=êå=îKßòK=îãÞ= éÝâ=ìïçK=aßî=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=àìåáÛ=éç=àæßìÛ=êßìíéèßì=íéç=åöêî=æãåÛÞÛèÛ= ðÛìéì=ßææßì=îßÝåèÛî=æãåÛæóÞÛèÞß=íîÛèÞÛìÞÛðîÛæK=f=Þß=àæßíîÛ=îðãíîßì=Ûð= ÞßîîÛ=íæÛá=äì=ìäîîíàìåáÛè=éÝâ=Üßðãíèãèáßè=ã=âïðïÞíÛå=ÞßèíÛççÛI= ðãæåßî=äè=çßì=êååÛææÛì=Ûîî=Ûèíêìååßè=ÜßâÛèÞæÛí=íÛçîãÞãáî=Ûð=ÞéçJ íîéæßèK=

bèæãáî=U=§=æÛáßè=éç=áìïêêìäîîßáåèá=àåì=ßè=áìïêêîÛæÛè=îÛí=ïêê=îãææ= êìöðèãèá=éç=

NK=îÛæÛè=áìïèÞÛí=êå=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=íéç=äì=áßçßèíÛççÛ=ßææßì= æãåÛìîÛÞß=àöì=áìïêêçßÞæßççÛìèÛí=ÛèíêìååI=

OK=ßè=áìïêêìäîîßáåèá=ãèîß=àìÛçíîåì=íéç=éæäçêæãá=êå=áìïèÞ=Ûð=Ûîî= ðãííÛ=áìïêêçßÞæßççÛìí=Ûèíêìåå=îãææ=íãèÛ=áìïèÞßì=íåãæäßì=íãá=ðäíßèîJ æãáî=àìåè=öðìãáÛ=ÛèíêìååI=

PK=çßìêÛìîßè=Ûð=Þß=Ûèíêìåå=íéç=îÛæÛè=Ûðíßì=ãèîß=æãåÛ=ðäæ=åÛè=áöìÛí= áäææÛèÞß=áßèéç=îÛæÛè=Ûð=áìïêêçßÞæßççÛìèÛ=íääæðÛI=

QK=áìïêêßè=çßÞ=âäèíóè=îãææ=íîéìæßåI=Ûðáìäèíèãèá=éÝâ=öðìãáî=äì= æäçêæãáî=ÜßíîäçÞI=íÛçî=

RK=åäìÛèÞßè=çßÞ=âäèíóè=îãææ=íãîî=ãèîìßííß=ã=íÛåßèI=íãèÛ=ßåéèéçãíåÛ= àöìïîíäîîèãèáÛì=Ûîî=àöìÛ=ßè=áìïêêîÛæÛè=éÝâ=àöìâåææÛèÞßèÛ=ã=öðìãáî=äì= æäçêÛÞ=Ûîî=àöìßîìäÞÛ=áìïêêçßÞæßççÛìèÛ=ã=çåæßîK=

aßííÛ=íäìíåãæÞÛ=êìéÝßííàöìïîíäîîèãèáÛì=êìöðÛí=Ûð=Þéçíîéæßè=ã= íÛççÛ=éìÞèãèá=íéç=ìäîîßáåèáíâãèÞßì=ã=Ûææçäèâßî=ßèæãáî=o_K=

bèíåãæÞ=áìïêêîÛæÛè=ÛèáåßèÞß=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßèæãáî=PP=§=hi=íóèßí= àÛææÛ=ðäæ=ãèéç=ìÛçßè=àöì=æÛáßè=éç=áìïêêìäîîßáåèáK=bè=îÛæÛè=éç= íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßèæãáî=PP=§=hi=íóèßí=éÝåíå=åïèèÛ=àöìÛí=íéç=ßè=éìáÛèãJ íÛîãéèíîÛæÛè=èäì=íåÛÞßíîåèÞßî=Ûðíßì=ßè=ðÛìÛI=îääèíî=ßææßì=ÛèèÛè= èóîîãáâßî=íéç=ßè=èäìãèáíãÞåÛìß=âÛì=ßìÜäïÞãî=åéèíïçßèîßìI=íß=R=§= æÛáßè=éç=áìïêêìäîîßáåèáK=f=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=ïêêÞìÛá=ãèáåì=Ûîî=êìöðÛ= éç=Þßî=Þßííïîéç=äì=æäçêæãáî=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=áßí=çöäæãáâßî= Ûîî=àöìÛ=éààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛèK=

^ð=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ=àìÛçáåì=àöæäÛèÞßK=^îî=çóèÞãáâßîßì=áßèéç=îÛæÛè= ðãÞ=Þéçíîéæ=Üãíîåì=ßèíåãæÞÛ=çßÞ=Ûîî=ÞìãðÛ=ãáßèéç=ìäîîíæãáÛ=Ûèíêìåå= Üöì=íåß=ßèÞÛíî=ã=Þß=àÛææ=Þäì=Þßî=àãèèí=ßîî=ðãÞÛìß=íÛçâäææíãèîìßííß=Ûð= Ûîî=îðãíîßàìåáÛè=Üæãì=ìäîîíæãáî=êìöðÛÞK=f=çåèáÛ=Ûð=Þß=àÛææ=Þäì=ßè= áìïêêìäîîßáåèá=àìÛçíîåì=íéç=Þßè=æäçêæãáÛíîß=êìéÝßííàéìçßè=åÛè= Þßî=Þäìàöì=ÛèîÛí=ðÛìÛ=çßì=äèÞÛçåæíßèæãáî=Ûîî=ßèíåãæÞÛ=áìïêêçßÞJ æßççÛì=ßææßì=éìáÛèãíÛîãéèßì=àöì=áìïêêîÛæÛèK=lààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛè= åÛè=ðäèîÛí=àóææÛ=ßè=íêßÝãßææî=ðãåîãá=àïèåîãéè=èäì=âïðïÞíóàîßî=çßÞ= êìéÝßííßè=äì=Ûîî=ðßìåÛ=âÛèÞæãèáíÞãìãáßìÛèÞß=ßææßì=Ûîî=àìäçäÛ=êìßäïJ ÞãåÛîÜãæÞèãèá=éÝâ=ìäîîííåÛêÛèÞßK=aßî=àìÛçíîåì=ßçßææßìîãÞ=íéç=îðßåJ íÛçî=éç=éààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛè=äì=ßîî=æäçêæãáî=ÛæîßìèÛîãðI=éç=íóàîßî= çßÞ=êìéÝßííßè=ã=àöìíîÛ=âÛèÞ=äì=Ûîî=íäåßìíîäææÛ=Ûîî=áìïêêçßÞæßçJ çÛìèÛ=àåì=íãèÛ=Ûèíêìåå=îãææáéÞéíßÞÞÛI=ÞðíK=ìßêÛìÛîãðîK=_ßâéðßî=Ûð= êìãéìãîßìãèáÛì=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=ÛèðäèÞèãèáßè=Ûð=Þßî=ÛææçäèèÛí=ìßíïìíßìI= çßè=éÝåíå=ÛèÞìÛ=çßì=êìãèÝãêãßææÛ=íåäæI=áöì=Þßî=èöÞðäèÞãáî=Ûîî= ÛðáìäèíÛ=Þßî=éààßèîæãáÛí=ÛèíðÛì=îãææ=íåÞÛèÛ=íßåîéìßì=Þäì=ßîî=ÛáßìÛèÞß= àìåè=Þßî=ÛææçäèèÛ=àìÛçíîåì=íéç=íäìíåãæî=èöÞðäèÞãáîK

15

jßÞ=íîöÞ=Ûð=S=§=æÛáßè=éç=áìïêêìäîîßáåèá=âÛì=ìßáßìãèáßè=Üßíîäçî= Ûîî=îðå=çóèÞãáâßîßì=àåì=ðäÝåÛ=éààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛèK=oßáßìãèáßè=âÛì= ðãÞÛìß=Ûèáßîî=àöìïîíäîîèãèáÛìèÛ=àöì=èäì=ßè=íåÞÛè=îÛæÛè=àåì=ðäÝåÛíK=

bèæãáî=S=§=àöìéìÞèãèáßè=EOMMNWNMVSF=çßÞ=ãèíîìïåîãéè=àöì=kÛîïìJ ðåìÞíðßìåßî=àåì=kÛîïìðåìÞíðßìåßî=ã=îðãíîßì=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßèæãáî= PO=åÛêK=çãæäöÜÛæåßè=ðäÝåÛ=éààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛè=ßèæãáî=PO=åÛêK=NP=§= çãæäöÜÛæåßè=éÝâ=æÛáßè=EOMMOWRVVF=éç=áìïêêìäîîßáåèáI=èäì=ðßìåßî= Ûèíßì=Ûîî=Þßî=äì=èöÞðäèÞãáî=àöì=Ûîî=îãææáéÞéíß=ÛèáßæäáèÛ=ÛææçäèèÛ= çãæäöãèîìßííßèK=

bèæãáî=NQ=Ü=§=àöìéìÞèãèáßè=ENVVRWUSUF=çßÞ=ãèíîìïåîãéè=àöì= héèíïçßèîðßìåßî=àåì=héèíïçßèîéçÜïÞíçÛèèßè=ã=îðãíîßì=çßææÛè= åéèíïçßèîßì=éÝâ=èäìãèáíãÞåÛìß=íéç=ìöì=ðÛìéìI=îääèíîßì=ßææßì=ÛèÞìÛ= èóîîãáâßîßì=íéç=îãææâÛèÞÛâåææí=âïðïÞíÛåæãáßè=àöì=ßèíåãæî=Üìïå=ðäÝåÛ= éààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛè=ßèæãáî=æÛáßè=EOMMOWRVVF=éç=áìïêêìäîîßáåèáI=

15

Prop. 2001/02:107 s. 37.

èäì=éçÜïÞíçÛèèßè=Ûèíßì=Ûîî=Þßî=äì=çéîãðßìÛî=àìåè=Ûææçäè=íóèJ êïèåîK=

héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=âÛì=íéç=öðßìðÛåÛèÞß=çóèÞãáâßî=Ûîî=ðßìåÛ=àöì= åéèåïììßèí=ãèéç=éæãåÛ=çÛìåèÛÞßìI=ðãæåßî=ã=íæïîäèÞßè=àìäçäÛì=åéèJ íïçßèîåéææßåîãðßîí=ãèîìßííß=éÝâ=óîîßìíî=íÛçâäææíçßÞÜéìáÛìèÛK= _ßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ã=hi=éç=åæäááÛèÞß=éÝâ=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=âÛì= ßè=êìßðßèîãð=àïèåîãéèK=aßî=äì=ðãåîãáî=Ûîî=àöìßîÛáí=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð= àöìÜïÞíÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=çöîí=çßÞ=ßààßåîãðÛ=íÛèåîãéèßìK=^ð=àöìJ ÛìÜßîßèÛ=îãææ=hi=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=íåÛææ=ÜßíîäççÛí= íå=Ûîî=Þßè=ðßìåÛì=ÛðâåææÛèÞß=êå=Þßî=ÛåîïßææÛ=àöìßîÛáßî=éÝâ=ÛðíåìäÝåJ ÛèÞß=àöì=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìßîÛáK=bîî=íóàîß=çßÞ=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=ãèáìãêÛèJ Þßè=çéî=àöìßîÛáí=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=àöìÜïÞíÜßíîäççßæíßì=äì=íåæßÞßí= Ûîî=êåðßìåÛ=àöìßîÛáßèí=âÛèÞæÛèÞßK=påÛÞßíîåèÞßî=éÝâ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ êìéÝßííßè=åÛè=ÜãÞìÛ=çßÞ=ßè=êìßðßèîãéèíðßìåÛè=íéç=åéçêæßîîßìÛì= éÝâ=àöìíîäìåßì=Þß=éààßèîæãáÛ=íÛèåîãéèßìèÛK=aßî=êìãçäìÛ=íóàîßî=çßÞ= ßè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíêìéÝßíí=äì=ßçßææßìîãÞ=Ûîî=Þßè=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞß=íåÛææ=àå= íãîî=Ûèíêìåå=îãææáéÞéíßîîK=

aßî=íåÛææ=Ûææîíå=àãèèÛí=ßîî=ðãÞÛìß=íÛçâäææíãèîìßííß=–=äè=Ûîî=Þßè= ßèíåãæÞß=íåÛææ=àå=íãîî=Ûèíêìåå=îãææáéÞéíßîî=–=àöì=Ûîî=ßè=éààßèîæãá= áìïêêîÛæÛè=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=çéîãðßìÛÞK=må=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßèí=éçìåÞß=îãææJ áéÞéíßí=ÞßîîÛ=íÛçâäææíãèîìßííß=áßèéç=Þßî=éààßèîæãáìäîîíæãáÛ=íÛèåJ îãéèííóíîßçßî=ã=hiK=bè=çöäæãáâßî=àöì=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=Ûîî=àöìÛ= áìïêêîÛæÛè=îéìÞß=ãèîß=îãææàöìÛ=èåáéèîãèá=ã=Þßî=âäèíßßèÞßîI=ïîÛè= ðßìåßîí=ìßíïìíßì=Üöì=ãíîäææßî=ÛèðäèÞÛí=àöì=Ûîî=ïêêìäîîâåææÛ=Þßî= éààßèîæãáìäîîíæãáÛ=ìßáßæíóíîßçßîK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=íßì=àöì=èäìðÛìÛèÞß= ãèîß=îãææìäÝåæãáî=íîÛìåÛ=íåäæ=àöì=Ûîî=àöìßíæå=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=ßææßì= èåáéè=ÛèèÛè=çóèÞãáâßî=ïîíßí=Ûîî=àöìÛ=éààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛè=àöì= íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìåå=áìïèÞÛÞß=êå=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßèK= aßî=åÛè=ÞéÝå=àãèèÛí=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûîî=àìåáÛè=êìöðÛí=êå=èóîîI=èäì= ßìàÛìßèâßîßì=ðïèèãîí=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=éààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛè=ãèéç=ÛèÞìÛ= éçìåÞßèK=

RKQKO= påÛÞßíîåèÞíìßáæßìèÛ=îãææäçêÛí=êå=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð= ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáW=påÛÞßíîåèÞíìßáæßìèÛ=îãææäçêÛí=êå=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=

qãÞãáÛìß=íîäææèãèáíîÛáÛèÞß=

påÛÞßíîåèÞ=äì=ãèîß=ßè=éààßèîæãáìäîîíæãá=íÛèåîãéèI=ïîÛè=ßè=íÛèåîãéè=Ûð= êìãðÛîìäîîíæãáî=íæÛáK=

bdJìäîîßè=ãèèßâåææßì=ãèîß=èåáéè=ïîîìóÝåæãá=Üßíîäççßæíß=éç=ìäîî= îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJ àöìÞìÛáßîK=sãííÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìäîîíæãáÛ=êìãèÝãêßì=âÛì=ÞéÝå=ïîðßÝåæÛîí=ã= bdJÞéçíîéæßèí=êìÛòãíK=

pðßìãáß=äì=ßîî=Ûð=àå=çßÞæßçíæäèÞßì=ã=br=íéç=âÛì=ïîîìóÝåæãáÛ=æÛáJ Üßíîäççßæíßì=éç=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=êå=áìïèÞ=Ûð=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð= åéèåïììßèíÜßíîäççßæíßìI=äðßè=éç=ßè=íåÞÛè=ìäîî=íÛèèéæãåî=àãèèí= ßèæãáî=Þß=àæßíîÛ=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ìäîîíéìÞèãèáÛì=ã=brK=pãîïÛîãéèßè= êåçãèèßì=éç=Þßè=íéç=áäææßì=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=àìåè= Þßî=ÛææçäèèÛ=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=bdJìäîîßèK=^ð=Þßè=êìÛòãí=íéç= ïîðßÝåæÛîí=Ûð=bdJÞéçíîéæßè=àöæäßì=Ûîî=ßèíåãæÞÛ=ïèÞßì=ðãííÛ=éçíîäèJ Þãáâßîßì=äì=ÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=àìåè=Þßî=ÛææçäèèÛ=ðãÞ=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=bdJìäîîßèK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=éç=Þßî=ÛææçäèèÛí=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞíÛèíðÛì=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=bdJìäîîßè=åéç=ã=íãîî=ÜßîäèåÛèÞß= aßî=ÛææçäèèÛí=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíðÛì=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=bdJìäîîßè= Eplr=NVVTWNVQF=àìÛç=îãææ=Ûîî=Þßî=ãèîß=åìäðÞßí=èåáéè=äèÞìãèá=ã= íåÛÞßíîåèÞíæÛáßèí=çÛîßìãßææÛ=ÜßíîäççßæíßìK=qãÞãáÛìß=âÛì=Þßî=Ûèíßîîí= Ûîî=Þßî=àöæäßì=Ûð=bdJìäîîßè=Ûîî=Þßî=àöìßæãááßì=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=êå= áìïèÞ=Ûð=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=bdWí=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßì=ã=Þßè=çåè=çéîJ íðÛìÛèÞß=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=èÛîãéèßææ=åéèåïììßèíìäîî=áßì=ßè=íåÞÛè=ìäîîK= jÛè=âÛì=çßèÛî=Ûîî=Þßî=ìßÞÛè=Ûð=ÞßîîÛ=àöæäßì=Ûîî=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð= ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UNKN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=áßì=ßè=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞK

16

kåáéè=ïîîìóÝåæãá=æÛáÜßíîäççßæíß=éç=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ðãÞ= öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=âÛì=Þäìàöì=ãèîß= Ûèíßîîí=ÛÜíéæïî=èöÞðäèÞãáK=oäîîßè=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì= Ûð=bdJìäîîßè=àìÛçáåì=Ûð=bdJìäîîíæãá=êìÛòãí=çßÞÛè=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=ìäîî= îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=hi=äì=ìßáæßìÛÞ=ã=æÛáK=sãÞÛìß=âÛì= Þßî=ã=îãÞãáÛìß=æÛáíîãàîèãèáííÛççÛèâÛèá=êßåÛîí=êå=Ûîî=bdJìäîîßèí= ãèèßâåææ=ã=ÞßîîÛ=ÛðíßßèÞß=äì=éðãííîK=oäîîíæäáßî=âÛì=ãèîß=Ûèíßîîí=ðÛìÛ= âßæî=åæÛìîK=iÛáíîãàîÛìßè=âÛì=Þäìàöì=ÜßÞöçî=Ûîî=Þßî=çßÞ=âäèíóè=îãææ= Þßî=ÛèàöìÞÛ=ðéìß=éæäçêæãáî=Eã=ðÛìî=àÛææ=ðãÞ=Þßè=îãÞêïèåîßèF=Ûîî= æÛáìßáæßìÛ=ìäîîßè=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UNKN= éÝâ=UOK=aßî=Ûèíåáí=Ûîî=ßè=ìßáæßìãèá=íåïææß=àå=ÛèêÛííÛí=ßàîßì=ãèèßJ ÜöìÞßè=Ûð=àöìßíåìãàîßìèÛ=ã=PP=§=hi=éÝâ=ÞäìðãÞ=åïèèÛ=ãèèßÜäìÛ=Ûîî=ßè= Ûððãåßæíß=àìåè=ðÛÞ=íéç=íßèÛìß=åéççßì=ðãíÛ=íãá=ðÛìÛ=bdJìäîîßèí= ãèèßÜöìÞ=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáâßîK=

16

Prop 1999/2000:140 s. 201.

bdJìäîîßè=

eïìïðãÞÛ=ßè=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=àöæäßì=Þãìßåî=Ûð=bdJìäîîßè=ßææßì= áßèéç=ßîî=bdJìäîîíæãáî=åìÛð=êå=ßààßåîãðÛ=èÛîãéèßææÛ=íÛèåîãéèßì=äì=ßè= éçíîìãÞÞ=àìåáÛK

17

bèæãáî=tÛâæ=âÛì=bdJÞéçíîéæßè=áßèéç=çåæßî=`éïìÛáß=ðK= `ìßâÛè

18

=îÛáãî=íîäææèãèá=àöì=ßîî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíðÛì=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=

Ûð=bdWí=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìI=éÛðíßîî=âïìïðãÞÛ=ÛèíðÛìßî=ðãæÛì=Þãìßåî=êå= bdJìäîîßè=ßææßì=éç=Þßî=ãíîäææßî=äì=Ûîî=âäèàöìÛ=îãææ=bdJìäîîßèí=åìÛð=êå= ßààßåîãðÛ=íÛèåîãéèßì=ã=Þßè=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ìäîîßèK

19

qéìÜäöìè=^èÞßìííéè=àãèèßì=çßÞ=ðãíí=îðßåÛè=Ûîî=ßìíäîîèãèáíìäîîßè= àöæäßì=Ûð=bdJìäîîßèí=åìÛð=êå=ßààßåîãðî=ìäîîííåóÞÞ=éÝâ=áßèéçíæÛáK= eÛè=çßèÛì=Ûîî=Þßî=Þäìàöì=äì=çöäæãáî=Ûîî=Þßè=íðßèíåÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ ìßáæßìãèáßè=ã=hi=çåíîß=çéÞãàãßìÛíI=ßàîßìíéç=åîçãèíîéèß=îðå=êéîßèJ îãßææÛ=åéèàæãåîóîéì=àãèèí=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=Þßæí=êìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞßèI=Þßæí= êßìíéèåÛîßáéìãÜßáìäèíèãèáßèK=lç=Þßî=Þäìßçéî=äì=íå=Ûîî=ìäîîßè=îãææ= íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=àöæäßì=Ûð=ìßáæßì=éç=æãåÛÜßâÛèÞæãèá=Ûð=ßèíåãæÞÛ=Ûèíêìåå= áìïèÞÛÞß=êå=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=éÝâ=èÛîãéèßææ=ìäîîI= îßì=Þßî=íãá=ÛèèéìæïèÞÛK=f=Þßè=çåè=PP=§=hi=îãææäçêÛí=ÛèÛæéáî=ðãÞ= öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=bdWí=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßì=äì=áãðßîðãí=äðßè=Þßè= Üßíîäççßæíßè=èéìçßìÛèÞß=àöì=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìßáæßìãèáßèK=aßî=ãèèßÜäì= Ûîî=ßè=àßçåìãá=êìßíåìãêîãéèíàìãíî=íåÛææ=îãææäçêÛí=éÝâ=Ûîî=åìßîíßè=Ûð= íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ÜßáìäèíÛí=îãææ=àöìßîÛá=éÝâ=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßìK

20

rîìßÞèãèáßè=åéèíîÛîßìÛì=Ûîî=Þßî=Ûð=ìäîîíàÛææßî=`éïìÛáß=ðK=`ìßâÛè= àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=Þßè=àïææÛ=ðßìåÛè=Ûð=Ûìîãåßæ=UN=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîI=éÝâ=íäìJ íåãæî=Þßè=äèÞÛçåæíßèæãáÛ=ðßìåÛè=Ûð=Þßî=àöìÜïÞ=íéç=íîÛÞáÛí=ã=Ûìîãåßæ= UNKNI=íåïææß=åïèèÛ=ãàìåáÛíäîîÛí=éç=ãèîß=ðÛìäß=êßìíéè=åÛè=ÜßáäìÛ= ßìíäîîèãèá=àöì=ßè=íåÛÞÛ=íéç=ßîî=ÛðîÛæ=ßææßì=ßîî=âÛèÞæÛèÞß=íéç=åÛè= ÜßáìäèíÛ=ßææßì=íèßÞðìãÞÛ=åéèåïììßèíßè=êåíîåí=âÛ=éìíÛåÛî=âéèéçK

21

bèæãáî=Þéçßè=åæãááßì=Þßî=Þß=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ÞéçíîéæÛìèÛ=Ûîî=íäåßìíîäææÛ=

17

Komninos, New prospects for private enforcement of EC Competition Law: Courage v. Crehan and the community right to damages, Common Market Law Review, 2002, s. 447–487.

18

Se mål C-453/99 Courage Ltd. v. Berard Crehan, [2001] REG I-6297.

19

Wahl, Skadestånd i konkurrensmål, Europarättslig tidskrift 2001, s. 579.

20

Torbjörn Andersson, Dispositionsprincipen och EG:s konkurrensregler, 1999, s. 161 f.

21

Se mål C-453/99 Courage Ltd. v. Bernard Crehan, [2001] REG I-6297 p. 26. Se t.ex. Wahl, Skadestånd i konkurrensrättsmål, Europarättslig tidskrift, 2001 s. 574–579, samt Komninos, New prospects for private enforcement of EC Competition Law: Courage v. Crehan and the community right to damages, Common Market Law Review, 2002, s. 447–487, samt Goyder, EC Competition Law, 4 ed, Oxford 2003, s. 473 och 560. Se även Alison Jones och Daniel Beard, Co-contractors, Damages and Article 81: The ECJ finally speaks, European Competition Law Review, [2002], s. 246–256 samt G.A. Cumming, Courage Ltd. v. Crehan, European Competition Law Review, [2002], s. 199–204.

Ûîî=ÞßííÛ=ìßáæßì=áßí=àïææ=ðßìåÛè=éÝâ=Ûîî=íåóÞÞÛ=Þß=ìäîîãáâßîßì=íéç= ßèíåãæÞÛ=âÛì=ßìâåææãî=áßèéç=áßçßèíåÛêíìäîîßèK

22

cöìíæÛá=

käì=ìßáßìãèáßè=ã=îãÞãáÛìß=æÛáíîãàîèãèáííÛççÛèâÛèá

23

=ÛðíîéÞ=àìåè=Ûîî=

ïîîìóÝåæãáßè=ìßáæßìÛ=ìäîîßè=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð= ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ðÛì=Þßî=êìãèÝãêãßææî=ðãåîãáÛ=çåæßî=éç=àöìâÛèÞíJ ÛðáöìÛèÞß=–=`éïìÛáß=ðK=`ìßâÛè=–=Ûèâäèáãááäéìî=âéí=bdJ ÞéçíîéæßèK=jåæßî=äì=èï=Ûðáäéìî=éÝâ=ßîî=êÛì=íæïîíÛîíßì=Ûð=Þéçßè=âÛì= ìßÞéðãíÛîí=ã=àöìßáåßèÞß=ÛðíèãîîK=kåáìÛ=ÛèÞìÛ=íåäæ=çéî=Ûîî=ìßáæßìÛ= àìåáÛè=âÛì=ãèîß=àìÛçåéççãîK=qðäìîéç=âÛì=ßè=ïîîìóÝåæãá=ìßáæßìãèá=Ûð= àìåáÛè=ßàîßìæóíîí=îãææ=ßòßçêßæ=ðãÞ=ìßçãííÜßâÛèÞæãèáßè=ã=Þßî=îãÞãáÛìß= æÛáíîãàîèãèáíäìßèÞßîK=jéî=Þßè=ÜÛåáìïèÞßè=Ûèíßì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûîî= àìåáÛè=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=àöì=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=bdWí=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßì= èï=ïîîìóÝåæãáßè=Üöì=ìßáæßìÛíK=^îî=ìäîîßè=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßèæãáî=bdJ ìßáæßìèÛ=åÛè=åéççÛ=Ûîî=ïîðßÝåæÛí=ßææßì=àöìîóÞæãáÛí=äì=ãèîß=ßîî=íåäæ= Ûîî=èï=æåîÛ=àéìîíÛîî=éíäåßìâßî=ìåÞÛ=ã=àìåáÛèK=påÛÞßíîåèÞíìßáßæè=Üöì= æäçêæãáßè=ðÛìÛ=ïîàéìçÛÞ=êå=íÛççÛ=íäîî=íéç=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=àöìÜïÞíìßáæßìèÛ=ã=S=éÝâ=NV=§§=hiK=aßî=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî= íÛççÛ=ìßáæßì=éç=éìíÛåííÛçÜÛèÞI=ÜßðãíÜöìÞÛ=ßîÝK=áöìí=îãææäçêæãáÛ= äðßè=êå=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UOK=jßÞ=Þßè=æÛáîßåèãíåÛ= æöíèãèá=íéç=âäì=àöìßíæåí=åéççßì=ßìíäîîèãèáíÛèíêìåå=áìïèÞÛÞß=êå= öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=Þß=èÛîãéèßææÛ=àöìÜïÞíìßáæßìèÛ=éÝâ=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ= UO=Ûîî=àå=íÛççÛ=ÜßâÛèÞæãèáK=aßî=åÛè=çöäæãáßè=ãèðäèÞÛí=Ûîî=ÞßîîÛ= ìßÞÛè=îéìÞß=àöæäÛ=Ûð=bdJìäîîíæãá=ÞéçíîéæíêìÛòãíK=bèæãáî=ïîìßÞJ èãèáßèí=çßèãèá=åÛè=Þßî=ÞéÝå=àãèèÛí=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûîî=ïîîìóÝåæãáßè= ìßáæßìÛ=ÞßîîÛ=àöì=Ûîî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìßáæßìèÛ=íåÛææ=àå=àïææ=êìßðßèîãð= ßààßåîK=líäåßìâßî=éç=ìäîîßè=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=åÛè=äï=ÛèèÛìí=ìßÞïÝßìÛ= Þßè=ßààßåîßèK=bàîßìíéç=ìäîîßè=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ãèéç=åéèåïììßèíJ ìäîîßè=äì=íêßÝãÛæìßáæßìÛÞ=ã=pðßìãáßI=îãææ=íåãææèÛÞ=àìåè=ã=çåèáÛ=ÛèÞìÛ= æäèÞßìI=îßì=Þßî=íãá=íðåìàöìåæÛìæãáî=ðÛìàöì=ìäîîßè=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=íåïææß= æäçèÛí=éìßáæßìÛÞ=êå=îãææäçêèãèáíéçìåÞßî=àöì=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UOK=

péç=èäçèîí=âÛì=Þßî=ã=Þéåîìãèßè=ãàìåáÛíÛîîí=éç=Üßáìäèíèãèáßè=Ûð= åìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=äì=àöìßèæãá=çßÞ=bdJìäîîßèí=åìÛð= êå=ßààßåîãðî=ìäîîííåóÞÞ=éÝâ=áßèéçíæÛáK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=éðÛè= Ûîî=åìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=íåÛææ=ðãÞáÛíK=aßîîÛ=Üöì=áäææÛ= íåðäæ=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=S=éÝâ=NV=§§=hi=íéç=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UOK=

22

Se mål C-453/99 Courage Ltd. v. Berard Crehan, [2001] REG I-6297 punkt 25.

23

Prop. 1999/2000:140 s. 201 f.

aäìçßÞ=îéìÞß=êéîßèîãßææÛ=åéèàæãåîóîéì=âäìðãÞæÛá=ðÛìÛ=ïèÞÛèìöäÞÛ=êå= Þßè=êïèåîßèK=

sãÞÛìß=âÛì=Þßî=ãàìåáÛíÛîîí=éç=êìßíåìãêîãéèíìßáßæè=êå=àßç=åì=äì= àöìßèæãá=çßÞ=bdJìäîîßèI=éç=ìäîîßè=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=àöæäßì=Þãìßåî=Ûð= bdJìäîîßè=éÝâ=ãèîß=”ðãÛ=èÛîãéèßææ=ìäîî”K

24

=cìåáÛè=éç=êìßíåìãêîãéèíJ

àìãíîßèí=æäèáÞ=ÜßâÛèÞæÛí=ã=àöæäÛèÞß=ÛðíèãîîK=

RKQKP= bè=æäèáìß=êìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞ=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáW=mìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞßè=àöìæäèáí=îãææ=îãé=åì= àìåè=íåÛÞÛèí=ïêêåéçíîK=

péç=âÛì=àìÛçáåîî=éðÛè=áäææßì=ßè=àßçåìãá=êìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞ=àöì=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞíàéìÞìãèáÛì=íéç=áìïèÞÛì=íãá=êå=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=àöìÜïÞßè=ã= hiK=bèæãáî=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=çßèãèá=àãèèí=Þßî=íåäæ=Ûîî=öðßìðäáÛ=ßè= àöìæäèáèãèá=Ûð=Þßè=àßçåìãáÛ=êìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞßèK

25

=påÛÞßíîåèÞíêìéJ

Ýßííßì=åÛè=íéç=èäçèîí=îãÞãáÛìß=ã=çåèáÛ=àÛææ=àöæäÛ=ã=íêåìßè=Ûð= héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=ïîìßÞèãèáÛìK=sßìåßîí=ïîìßÞèãèáÛì=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=îãÞíJ åìäðÛèÞß=éÝâ=ìöìÛ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=íéç=æãááßì=æåèáî=ÜÛå=ã=îãÞßèK= aéçíîéæêìéÝßííßìèÛ=åÛè=îÛ=æåèá=îãÞI=ðãæåßî=ðãíÛî=íãá=ã=Þß=èï=êåáåJ ßèÞß=çåæßè=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=Þßè=íKåK=ÜßèíãèåÛìîßææßè=íÛçî=Þßè=çãííJ îäèåîÛ=ÛèÜïÞíåÛìîßææßè=ãèéç=ÛíàÛæîíçÛìåèÛÞßèK=mìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞßè= åÛè=ã=Þß=àÛææßè=ðÛìÛ=ðäæ=åéìîK=aßî=åÛè=ÛèçäìåÛí=Ûîî=Þßè=ÛææçäèèÛ= êìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞßè=ßèæãáî=êìßíåìãêîãéèíæÛáßè=ENVUNWNPMF=äì=îãé=åìI= ìäåèÛî=àìåè=ßè=EíåÛÞßíîåèÞíFàéìÞìÛèí=îãææåéçíîK=aäìîãææ=åéççßì=Ûîî= îðãðßæ=âÛì=ïîîÛæÛîí=éç=Þßè=èïðÛìÛèÞß=ìßáßæèí=àöìßèæãáâßî=çßÞ=bdJ ìäîîßèK=^ð=ÞßííÛ=íåäæ=Ûèíßì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûîî=êìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞßè=Üöì= äèÞìÛí=îãææ=îãé=åìK=qãÞêïèåîßè=îéìÞß=äðßè=àéìîíäîîèãèáíðãí=åïèèÛ= ìäåèÛí=àìåè=èäì=íåÛÞÛè=ïêêåéçK=qãÞêïèåîßè=àöì=ã=ðÛìî=àÛææ=ÞãìßåîÛ= íåÛÞéì=îéìÞß=çåèáÛ=áåèáßì=íÛççÛèàÛææÛ=çßÞ=îãÞêïèåîßè=àöì=Þßè= íåÛÞßáöìÛèÞß=âÛèÞæãèáßèK=

24

Det framgår inte av förarbetena varför preskriptionstiden blev fem år. Som en jämförelse kan nämnas att konkurrensskadeavgift enligt 30 § KL får påföras bara om stämningsansökan har delgetts den som anspråket riktas mot inom fem år från det att överträdelsen upphörde. Enligt förordning 1/2003 gäller en femårig preskriptionstid från den dag då överträdelsen begicks, se artikel 25.1 b).

25

T. Andersson, Dispositionsprincipen och EG:s konkurrensregler, s. 162. Torbjörn Andersson menar att preskriptionfristen trots allt förefaller vara skälig i den mening EGdomstolen ger termen i bl.a. C-208/90, Theresa Emmot v. Minister for Social Welfare m.fl. [1991] REG I-4269.

6. Bevisundersökning i skadeståndsmål

6.1. Problembeskrivning

jéÞßìèãíßìãèáíìßàéìçßè=éÝâ=çßì=ãèãîãÛîãð=àìåè=ßèíåãæÞÛ=

bè=îÛèåß=çßÞ=çéÞßìèãíßìãèáíìßàéìçßè=ãèéç=brWí=åéèåïììßèíJ êéæãîãå=âÛì=ðÛìãî=Ûîî=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ=íåÛææ=àå=íîöììß=áßèéçíæÛáíJ åìÛàî=áßèéç=ßè=öåèãèá=Ûð=ãèãîãÛîãðßè=àìåè=ßèíåãæÞÛK

1

=pÛèèéæãåâßîßè=

àöì=Ûîî=íå=åéççßì=Ûîî=íåß=âÛì=Ûð=àæßìÛ=ÜßÞöçÛìß=Ûèíßîîí=íéç=æãîßèK=

bâæßìçÛèè=éÝâ=^îÛèÛíãïI

2

=ÞãíåïîßìÛì=éç=êÛìîßì=åéççßì=Ûîî=ã=

íîöììß=ïîíîìäÝåèãèá=ÛèðäèÞÛ=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ=íéç=ßîî=”íðäìÞ”= èäì=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKP=Üæãì=ßè=Þãìßåî=îãææäçêæãá=ïèÞÛèîÛáíìßáßæK=aß=Ûèíßì= Ûîî=íðÛìßî=êå=Þßè=àìåáÛè=åéççßì=Ûîî=ðÛìÛ=ÜßìéßèÞß=êå=éç=Þßî=àãèèí= ãèÝãîÛçßèî=îãææ=íåÞÛèÛ=Ûåîãéèßì=ßææßì=ãèîßK=cìåè=ßè=ÞéçÛìßí=ßææßì= íåãæäßçÛèí=êßìíêßåîãð=íå=ïèÞÛèìöäí=ßîî=âãèÞßì=áßèéç=Ûîî=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKP= Üæãì=Þãìßåî=îãææäçêæãáK=cöì=åäìÛèÞßè=ßææßì=íðÛìÛèÞßè=äì=Þßî=ßçßææßìîãÞ= ãèîß=îãææìäÝåæãáî=àöì=Ûîî=êìéÝßííÛ=çßì=äè=îãÞãáÛìßK=jéÞßìèãíßìãèáíJ ìßàéìçßè=ãèèßâåææßì=ãèáÛ=ÛèÞìÛ=ßæßçßèî=íéç=ïèÞßìæäîîÛì=îðãíîßìK= qðäìîéçI=Ûèíßì=àöìàÛîîÛìèÛ=Ûîî=êìéÜæßçßè=éÝâ=âãèÞìßè=Üæãðãî=íîöììß=ã= éÝâ=çßÞ=åéççãííãéèßèí=çßì=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=íóèíäîî=êå=åéèåïììßèíJ ìäîîßèí=éçìåÞß=êå=íßèÛìß=îãÞK=aßìÛí=íæïîíÛîí=äì=Þäìàöì=Ûîî=Þßî=ã=ðÛìî= àÛææ=äì=îðßåíÛçî=éç=çéÞßìèãíßìãèáíìßàéìçßè=åéççßì=Ûîî=æßÞÛ=îãææ= ßîî=öåÛî=ÛèîÛæ=îðãíîßì=EîKßòK=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíêìéÝßííßìF=ã=àìÛçîãÞßèK=

gÛçßí=pK=sßèãîI

3

=Ûèíßì=Ûîî=îðãíîßìèÛ=ãèéç=br=ãèîß=æäì=åéççÛ=öðßì=

ßè=èÛîîI=ßàîßìíéç=br=éÝâ=Þßè=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ìäîîßè=ã=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛ= íÛåèÛì=ßîî=ÛèîÛæ=ðãåîãáÛ=ßæßçßèî=íéç=àãèèí=ã=Þßè=ÛçßìãåÛèíåÛ=Ûèîã­=

1

Mer initiativ från enskilda motsvarar vad som kallas ”private enforcement”. Den övervakning

som sker genom myndigheter brukar kallas för ”public enforcement”.

2

Ehlermann and Atanasiu, The Modernisation of EC Antitrust Law, [2002] European

Competition Law Review, s. 72–80.

3

James S. Venit, Brave New World: The Modernization and decentralization of enforcement

under articles 81 and 82 of the treaty, Common Market Law Review, 2003, s. 545–580.

îìïíîìäîîßè=éÝâ=íéç=íåÛêÛì=ãèÝãîÛçßèî=Ûîî=îðãíîÛK

4

=aßî=àãèèí=Þäìàöì=

ßèæãáî=sßèãî=ßè=íîéì=ìãíå=àöì=Ûîî=brWí=åéèåïììßèíìäîî=îìéîí=ÞßÝßèîJ ìÛæãíßìãèáííóàîßî=çßÞ=ìßàéìçßè=àöìÜæãì=åìÛàîãáî=ÝßèîìÛæãíßìÛÞI=åîçãèJ íîéèß=ã=ääçàöìßæíß=çßÞ=ÛçßìãåÛèíå=ìäîîK=

Äðßè=téïîßì=mKgK=tãæí

5

=âÛì=ßè=æãåÛìîÛÞ=ïêêàÛîîèãèáK=eÛè=

ïîîìóÝåßì=Ûîî=ÛðíÛåèÛÞßè=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíìäîîíæãáÛ=êìéÝßííßì=ã=bïìéêÛ= ãèîß=ÜÛìÛ=âÛì=âÛàî=çßÞ=àöìâÛèÞíåéèîìéææßè=éÝâ=åéççãííãéèßèí= ßèíÛçìäîî=Ûîî=îãææäçêÛ=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKP=Ûîî=áöìÛK=aßî=âÛì=éÝåíå=âÛàî=åïæJ îïìßææÛ=éìíÛåßì=íéç=âÛì=çßÞ=æäáìß=êìéÝßííÜßèäáßèâßî=éÝâ=çãèÞìß= ïîêìäáæÛÞ=åéèåïììßèíåïæîïì=Ûîî=áöìÛK=aßî=Üßìéì=ÞéÝå=éÝåíå=êå= æßáÛæÛ=íåãææèÛÞßì=íéç=áäææßì=ÛðíÛåèÛÞßè=Ûð=çöäæãáâßî=îãææ=ÝæÛíí= ÛÝîãéèíI=ÝéèîãèáßèÝó=àßß=ÛììÛèáßçßèîíI=îìßÜæß=ÞÛçÛáßí=éÝâ=ÞãíÝéðßìó= êìéÝßÞïìßí

6

K=cöìàÛîîÛìßè=ÜßåæÛáÛì=Ûîî=ãèáÛ=àöìíöå=áöìí=Ûîî=ïèÞÛèìöäÛ=

ÞßííÛ=âãèÞßì=áßèéç=çéÞßìèãíßìãèáíìßàéìçßèK=

mìéÜæßçéçìåÞßî=

pÛèåîãéèííóíîßçßî=ã=hi=âÛì=àæßìÛ=ÞßæÛìK=bè=ðãåîãá=íÛèåîãéè=äì=Þßè= ÛÞçãèãíîìÛîãðÛ=ÛðáãàîI=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîI=íéç=åÛè=ïîÞöçÛí=àöì= öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛK=aäìîãææ=åéççßì=ÝãðãæìäîîíæãáÛ= íÛèåîãéèßì=ã=àéìç=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=éÝâ=éáãæîãáâßîK=

sãÞ=æÛáßèí=îãææåéçíî=àìÛçâäðÞßí=ãèîìßííßî=Ûð=Ûîî=Þßî=åéèåïììßèíJ ìäîîíæãáÛ=ìßáßæíóíîßçßî=ã=çöäæãáÛíîß=çåè=äì=íääæðáåßèÞßK

7

=aßè=

êìßðßèîãðÛ=ßààßåîßè=âéí=ìßáæßìèÛ=íåïææß=öåÛI=éç=ìãíåßè=ðÛì=çßì= öðßìâäèáÛèÞß=Ûîî=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=Üìóîßì=çéî=ìßáæßìèÛ=éÝåíå= ÞìÛÜÜÛí=Ûð=ÛÞçãèãíîìÛîãðÛ=ßææßì=ÝãðãæìäîîíæãáÛ=íÛèåîãéèßìK=

4

Dessa nyckelelement är enligt Venit:

Treble damages

One-way fee shifting (om käranden vinner måste svaranden betala kärandens rättegångskostnader men inte tvärtom). I EU betalar oftast tappande part.

The legality of contingency fee arrangements (till skillnad från inom EU kan ett framgångsrikt ombud få andel i processvinsten)

Möjligheten till class action

Tillgången till pre-trial discovery

Solidariskt ansvar för varje svarande för det treble damages

Tillgången till en jury bestående av lekmän (som skapar osäkerhet hos svaranden om utgången)

De amerikanska domstolarnas relativt ”relaxed view” när det gäller att bevisa storleken på skadan när väl en överträdelse konstaterats.

5

Wouter P.J. Wils, The Modernisation of the Enforcement of Articles 81 and 82 EC: A legal

and Economic Analysis of the Commission’s proposal for a new Council Regulation Replacing Regulation No. 17, Fordham, 2000.

6

Se avsnitt 4.

7

Prop. 1992/93: 56 s. 34.

f=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ=îãææ=hi=Ûèáßí=Ûîî=Þßî=ßìàÛìßèâßîíçäííãáî=àöìßæãááßì= íîéìÛ=íðåìãáâßîßì=Ûîî=çßìÛ=ßòÛåî=ÜßíîäççÛ=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞéìèÛí= íîéìæßåK=lç=Üßðãííðåìãáâßîßì=àöìßæãááßì=ã=Þßî=ßèíåãæÞÛ=àÛææßî=åÛè= ìäîîßè=ßèæãáî=PR=åÛêK=R=§=o_=ïêêíåÛîîÛ=íåÛÞÛè=îãææ=íåäæãáî=ÜßæéêêK= jßè=ßè=íåÞÛè=íåäæãáâßîíïêêíåÛîîèãèá=àöìïîíäîîßì=èÛîïìæãáîðãí=Ûîî=ßè= íåÛÞÛ=íéç=Üßìéîî=êå=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=åïèèÛî=íîóìåÛíK=påÛÞÛè=éÝâ= éìíÛåííÛççÛèâÛèáßî=çåíîß=íîóìåÛí=ã=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíêìéÝßííßèK=jßÞ= ïèÞÛèîÛá=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=éç=Þßè=åéèåïììßèíìäîîíæãáÛ=öðßìîìäÞßæJ íßèI=îKßòK=ßè=åÛìîßææíÛçðßìåÛè=Eíéç=ã=íãá=ìóççßì=íäìíåãæÞÛ=êìéJ ÜæßçFI=ìöì=Þßî=íãá=âäì=éç=ÜßðãíêìéÜæßç=íéç=áöì=íãá=áäææÛèÞß=ãèéç= Þß=àæßíîÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíêìéÝßííßìK=

bèæãáî=áäææÛèÞß=ìäîî=äì=Þßî=çßÞ=Þß=ÜßáìäèíÛÞß=çöäæãáâßîßìèÛ=Ûîî= ãèàöìíåÛààÛ=ÜßðãíçÛîßìãÛæ=çßíî=íÛèèéæãåî=Ûîî=ßìíäîîèãèáíÛèíêìåå= ìãåîÛí=çéî=íåÞÛèÛ=àöìßîÛá=íéç=ÜßáìäèíÛì=åéèåïììßèíßè=éÝâ=íéç= ìßÞÛè=âÛì=ðÛìãî=àöìßçåæ=àöì=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=ßææßì=åéççãííãéèßèí= ãèáìãêÛèÞßèK=aßî=åéèåïììßèíìäîîíæãáÛ=ìßáßæðßìåßî=ã=Þßíí=èïðÛìÛèÞß= ïîàéìçèãèá=âÛì=æßîî=îãææ=àå=êìéÝßííßì=âãîîãææíK

8

=bèíåãæÞÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ

êìéÝßííßìI=íéç=éàîÛ=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=æåèáðÛìãáÛ=éÝâ=åéíîíÛççÛI=îéìÞß= àöìïîíäîîÛ=Ûîî=Þßè=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞß=âÛì=îãææáåèá=îãææ=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=ã=Þßî= éààßèîæãáìäîîíæãáÛ=àöìàÛìÛèÞßî=éÝâ=âßæíî=îãææ=ßîî=ÞéçíîéæíÛðáöìÛèÞß= ßææßì=ßîî=åéççãííãéèíÜßíæïîK=mìãðÛîÛ=Ûåîöìßì=àöæäßì=Þå=ã=çóèÞãáJ âßîßìèÛí=àéîíêåìK=Äðßè=ãèéç=ìÛçßè=àöì=íåÞÛèÛ=àöæäÞêìéÝßííßì=åÛè= ÞéÝå=åäìÛèÞßè=íäåßìæãáßè=åéççÛ=Ûîî=çöîÛí=Ûð=ÜßðãííðåìãáâßîßìK=

bè=Üßåäçêèãèá=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíèãèáÛì=çßÞ=ÝãðãæìäîîíæãáÛ= çßÞßæ=åÛè=ãèîß=ßìíäîîÛ=Þß=ÛÞçãèãíîìÛîãðÛ=àöìàÛìÛèÞßèÛ=íéç=ãèãîãßìÛí= Ûð=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßìèÛK=Å=ÛèÞìÛ=íãÞÛè=âÛì=Þß=ÛÞçãèãíîìÛîãðÛ= àöìàÛìÛèÞßèÛ=ãèîß=íÛççÛ=íóàîß=íéç=Þß=ÝãðãæìäîîíæãáÛ=çßÞæßèK=aß= ÛÞçãèãíîìÛîãðÛ=éÝâ=Þß=ÝãðãæìäîîíæãáÛ=åîáäìÞßìèÛ=äì=íåæßÞßí=ÜåÞÛ=ÜßîóJ ÞßæíßàïææÛ=àöì=Ûîî=íåóÞÞÛ=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞß=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=åéèåïìJ ìßèíìßáæßìèÛK=cöìâåææÛèÞßèÛ=îéìÞß=ðÛìÛ=íåÞÛèÛ=Ûîî=Þßî=ãèîß=ÛææîãÞ=äì= äèÞÛçåæíßèæãáî=Ûîî=ßè=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞß=ÛððÛåîÛì=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî= îÛì=ßîî=ãèãîãÛîãðK=aßî=åÛè=îKßòK=ãÜæÛèÞ=æãááÛ=ã=ÜåÞÛ=êÛìîßìí=ãèîìßííß=Ûîî= èå=ßè=ïêêáöìßæíß=ã=áéÞéK=^îî=ðäÝåÛ=îÛæÛè=ã=ßîî=îðãíîßçåæ=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=ßîî= ðßìåíÛçî=çßÞßæ=àöì=Ûîî=åéççÛ=àìÛç=îãææ=ßè=àöìæãåèãèáK=bè=àöìïîJ íäîîèãèá=àöì=ßè=íåÞÛè=åîáäìÞ=äì=ÞéÝå=Ûîî=åäìÛèÞßè=âÛì=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî= ãèàöìíåÛààÛ=Þßè=ïîìßÞèãèá=éÝâ=íäåìÛ=Þßè=Üßðãíèãèá=íéç=Üßâöðí=àöì= ßè=ÝãðãæêìéÝßííK=

aßî=àãèèí=ìäîîíæãáÛ=àöìïîíäîîèãèáÛì=àöì=àæßìîÛæßî=Ûð=Þß=Ûåîöìßì=íéç= ÞìÛÜÜÛí=Ûð=åÛìîßææßìí=ðßìåíÛçâßî=Ûîî=ÜßáäìÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞK=jßè=Ûîî=Þß=

8

Detsamma synes vara förhållandet i andra länder inom EU, se Ritter m.fl., European

Competition Law, A Practitioner’s guide, 2nd edition, 2000, s. 928.

êå=ßáßè=âÛèÞ=íåïææß=åïèèÛ=ÛðíæöäÛ=ßè=ÞéæÞ=åÛìîßææ=éÝâ=çßÞ=àìÛçJ áåèá=àìÛçíîäææÛ=Ûèíêìåå=êå=ßìíäîîèãèá=àöìßàÛææßì=ã=èïæäáßî=íéç=ìßæÛJ îãðî=éíÛèèéæãåîK=bè=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞß=íîåì=âäì=ãèàöì=ßè=Üßíðäìæãá=ïêêáãàîI= àìÛçàöì=Ûææî=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=ãèàöìíåÛààÛèÞßî=Ûð=ÜßðãíK=qãææ=íåãææèÛÞ=àìåè= åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßìèÛI=âÛì=êìãðÛîÛ=Ûåîöìßì=ãèîß=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî= íÛçæÛ=ãè=ÜßðãíçÛîßìãÛæ=ðãÛ=íKåK=áìóèãèáíìäÞßìK=aäìçßÞ=Üæãì=Þßî=ÛðíßJ ðäìî=íðåìÛìß=Ûîî=íîóìåÛ=ßè=åÛìîßææíÛçðßìåÛèK=aßîíÛççÛ=åÛè=ã=çåèáÛ= àÛææ=áäææÛ=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=ÞéçãèÛèíçãííÜìïå=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=åéèåïììßèíJ ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛìK=

f=ÛçßìãåÛèíå=åéèåïììßèíìäîî=àöìâåææßì=Þßî=íãá=ÛèèéìæïèÞÛK= dßèéç=ÞãíÝéðßìóI=íß=Ûðíèãîî=QKUI=âÛì=ßèíåãæÞÛ=éçàÛîîÛèÞß=çöäæãáJ âßîßì=Ûîî=çßÞ=Þéçíîéæßèí=âääæê=îðãèáÛ=àìÛç=ÜßðãíçÛîßìãÛæK=

f=íðßèíå=ìäîî=àãèèí=ðãííßìæãáßè=çöäæãáâßîßè=Ûîî=ÜßáäìÛ=ßÞãîãéèI= çßè=ßÞãîãéèíãèíîãîïîßî=äì=ãèîß=æãåÛ=ÛèðäèÞÜÛìî=íéç=ÞãíÝéðßìó=ßèæãáî= ÛçßìãåÛèíå=ìäîîK=lç=èåáéè=ãèèßâÛì=ßè=íåìãàîæãá=âÛèÞæãèá=íéç=åÛè= ÛèîÛí=âÛ=ÜßîóÞßæíß=íéç=ÜßðãíI=äì=âÛè=íåóæÞãá=Ûîî=àöìßîß=Þßè=EPU=åÛêK= O=§=o_FK=aßî=íîäææí=åìÛð=êå=ÜæKÛK=êìßÝãíßìãèá=Ûð=ðãæåÛ=Þéåïçßèî=íéç= ßàîßìàìåáÛí=éÝâ=ðÛÞ=Þéåïçßèîßè=íåÛ=íîóìåÛI=àöì=Ûîî=ßè=íðßèíå=ÞéçJ íîéæ=íåÛ=ïîàäìÞÛ=ßîî=ßÞãîãéèíàöìßæäááÛèÞßK=bÞãîãéè=àåì=ãèîß=ÛèðäèÞÛí= àöì=Ûîî=ßàîßìàéìíåÛ=ÜßðãíK=aßííïîéç=áäææßì=ïèÞÛèîÛá=àìåè=ßÞãîãéèíJ êæãåîßè=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=óìåßíâßçæãáâßîßìK=bè=èßáÛîãð=àÛåîéì=èäì=Þßî= áäææßì=óìåÛèÞß=éç=ßÞãîãéèíàöìßæäááÛèÞß=äì=éÝåíå=ìãíåßè=àöì=Ûîî= ðãåîãáÛ=Üßðãí=àöìíðãèèßì=èäì=êÛìîßè=âÛì=åäèèßÞéç=éç=Ûîî=èåáéî= Üßðãí=ßàîßìàìåáÛí=éÝâ=ßè=àöìíîöìãèá=Ûð=Þéåïçßèîßî=ãèîß=äì=íÛèåJ îãéèßìÛîK=aßî=àãèèí=ãèáÛ=ìßáæßì=íéç=áöì=Þßî=çöäæãáî=àöì=êìãðÛîÛ= Ûåîöìßì=Ûîî=îðåèáíðãí=áöìÛ=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=âéí=Þßè=íéç=çãííîäèåí= àöì=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíßK=

cöì=Ûîî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìßáæßìèÛ=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=îãææäçêÛí=ã=êìÛåîãåßè= åìäðí=Þäìàöì=Ûîî=Þß=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞßí=ÜßðãíãèíÛçæãèá=ïèÞßìæäîîÛí=ßææßì= íîöÞíK=må=íå=íäîî=åÛè=çÛè=ã=èåáéè=çåè=ÛðâääæêÛ=Þß=Üìãíîßì=íéç= Üßíåìãðãîí=éðÛè=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=ãèÝãîÛçßèî=éÝâ=çöäæãáâßîßì=îãææ=ãèãîãÛJ îãð=àìåè=ßèíåãæÞÛ=ãèéç=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßèK=_ßâéðßî=Ûð=åîáäìÞßì=àöì= Ûîî=ïèÞßìæäîîÛ=êìãðÛîÛ=êÛìîßìí=çöäæãáâßîßì=Ûîî=îãææðÛìÛîÛ=íãè=ìäîî= ÛÝÝßèîïßìÛí=èäìI=íéç=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=ã=åÛêK=RI=åìßîíßè=Ûð= íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ðãÞáÛíK=bèæãáî=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=çßèãèá=àãèèí= Þßî=ßîî=Üßâéð=Ûð=ßààßåîãðÛìß=çöäæãáâßîßì=Ûîî=íäåìÛ=Üßðãíèãèá=ã=ßè= îðãíîßçåæíêìéÝßíí=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=êKáKÛK=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=åéèåïìJ ìßèíìßáæßìèÛK=

sãæåÛ=äèÞìãèáÛì=Üöì=Þå=öðßìðäáÛí=ãèéç=ìÛçßè=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí= ïêêÞìÛá\=aßè=ÛçßìãåÛèíåÛ=ÞãíÝéðßìóJçéÞßææßè=íóèßí=íðåì=Ûîî= éçßÞßæÜÛìî=ÛèêÛííÛ=îãææ=íðßèíåÛ=àöìâåææÛèÞßèK=bîî=ÛèèÛî=ãèíîãîïî=íéç=

ßçßææßìîãÞ=ìßÞÛè=êìöðÛîí=ã=èåáìÛ=åì=ã=íðßèíå=ìäîî=éÝâ=íéç=Þßî=åÛè= àãèèÛí=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûîî=èäìçÛìß=ääçàöìÛ=çßÞ=äì=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåJ èãèáÛì=êå=ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîßèí=éçìåÞßK=

6.2. Intrångsundersökning inom immaterialrätten

pßÞÛè=Þßè=N=äÛèïÛìã=NVVV=àãèèí=ã=íðßèíå=ìäîî=ßè=èó=íåóÞÞíåîáäìÞ=ðãÞ= ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîíãèîìåèáI=èäçæãáßè=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=ÅîáäìÞßè= ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=ßè=ìäîîãáâßîíâÛðÛìß=ã=ßîî=Ýãðãæìäîîíæãáî=àöìàÛìÛèÞß=åÛè= ÜßáäìÛ=Ûîî=Þßî=áöìí=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àöì=Ûîî=íäåìÛ=Üßðãí=âéí=èåáéè= íéç=êå=áéÞÛ=áìïèÞßì=çãííîäèåí=âÛ=áäéìî=ßîî=ãèîìåèá=ã=ßè=ãççÛîßìãßææ= ìäîîãáâßîK=^ææçäè=Þéçíîéæ=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=ÜßíæïîÛ=éç=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáI=éç=Þßî=íåäæãáßè=åÛè=ÛèîÛí=Ûîî=èåáéè=âÛì=áäéìî=ãèîìåèá=ã=Þßè= ãççÛîßìãßææÛ=ìäîîãáâßîßèK=bîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àåì= çßÞÞßæÛí=ßèÞÛíî=éç=íåäæßè=àöì=åîáäìÞßè=ïêêðäáßì=Þßè=éæäáßèâßî= ßææßì=Þßî=çßè=ã=öðìãáî=íéç=åîáäìÞßè=ãèèßÜäì=àöì=Þßè=íéç=ÞìÛÜÜÛí=Ûð= Þßè=ßææßì=àöì=èåáéî=ÛèèÛî=çéîíîåßèÞß=ãèîìßííßK=f=àìåáÛ=éç=ÜßðãíJ åìÛðßî=áäéìÞßí=ã=çéîãðßè=ääçàöìßæíßì=çßÞ=ÜßðãíåìÛðßè=àöì=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáÛì=ã=hiK=f=Þßè=êìÛòãí=íéç=ïîðßÝåæÛîí=ðãÞ=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáÛì=âÛì=ÜßðãíåìÛðßî=”íåäæãáßè=åÛè=ÛèîÛí”

9

=Ûèíßîîí=ïêêàóææî=

áßèéç=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=àöìßîßîî=Üßðãíèãèá=ã=àéìç=Ûð=ãèåöêíåðãîîéè= ìßíêßåîãðß=ÛèÛæóíãèîóá=îãææ=íîóìåÛèÞß=Ûð=Ûîî=îßíîåöêîÛ=ãèîìåèáíêìéJ Þïåîßì=ðÛìãî=àöìàÛæíåèãèáÛì=ßææßì=áßèéç=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=åÜßìéêÛî= ðãîîèßíãèîóáK=

f=Þß=àæßíîÛ=àÛææ=çßÞÞßæÛí=Üßíæïî=ïîÛè=çéîêÛìîßèí=âöìÛèÞßK=aéçJ íîéæßè=îéìÞß=âÛ=ßè=íåóæÞãáâßî=Ûîî=ßò=éààãÝãé=áìÛèíåÛ=éç=Þßî=íåäæãáßè= åÛè=ÛèîÛí=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=äì=ãèèßâÛðÛìß=Ûð=Þß=ìäîîãáâßîßì=íéç=âäðÞÛí=ã= ÛèíöåÛèK=

sãÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=àåì=àöìßçåæ=éÝâ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=åÛè=ÛèîÛí= âÛ=ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèá=éç=ãèîìåèáßî=ßàîßìíöåÛíK=bîî=Üßíæïî=éç= ßè=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ=ðßìåíîäææÛí=Ûð=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáJ âßîßèK=pöåÛèÞßè=íåÛææ=ã=êìãèÝãê=íîäææÛ=íäåßìâßî=àöì=Þßè=íåÛÞÛ=Þßèèß= åÛè=åéççÛ=Ûîî=îãææàéáÛ=çéîêÛìîßèK=

aß=íðßèíåÛ=ìßáæßìèÛ=éç=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=îãææåéç=ßàîßì=Ûîî= rp^=âÛÞß=êåêßåÛî=Ûîî=Þß=íðßèíåÛ=íÛèåîãéèíÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ãèîß= áÛð=ßîî=äèÞÛçåæíßèæãáî=íåóÞÞ=éÝâ=ãèîß=âßææßì=íðÛìÛÞß=çéî=Þßî=åìÛð= íéç=íîäææÞßí=ßèæãáî=Þßî=íKåK=qofmíJÛðîÛæßî=éÝâ=íéç=ãèáãÝå=ã=pðßìãáßí= ãèîßìèÛîãéèßææÛ=åéèðßèîãéèíåîÛáÛèÞßèK=

9

Se även prop. 1998/99:11 s. 63 f.

f=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ

10

=àöìÞßí=ßè=Þãíåïííãéè=éç=ðßç=íéç=æäçêæãáßè=

íåïææß=íðÛìÛ=àöì=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèW=

Intrångsundersökningen är en civilprocessuell tvångsåtgärd. Att låta rättighetshavaren själv göra undersökningen hos sin motpart kan, enligt regeringens uppfattning, redan av detta skäl inte komma i fråga. En sådan ordning skulle inte heller ligga i sökandens intresse eftersom den skulle innebära att dokumentationen av vad som påträffas vid undersökningen skulle få ett lågt bevisvärde. En möjlighet vore att utse en opartisk förrättningsman för att utföra undersökningen. En sådan förrättningsman skulle emellertid knappast kunna ges befogenhet att verkställa undersökningen mot motpartens vilja. Om motparten skulle motsätta sig undersökningen, skulle förrättningsmannen vara hänvisad till att begära hjälp av något offentligt organ. Eftersom det kan antas att ett dröjsmål många gånger skulle medföra risk för att föremål och handlingar som har betydelse för utredningen skaffas undan, skulle en ordning som den nu nämnda i praktiken förutsätta att förrättningsmannen redan från början tog med någon med befogenhet att bereda sig tillträde till de utrymmen som får

ïèÞßìíöåÛíK=jßì=êìÛåîãíåî=äì=Þå=Ûîî=Þßè

som har befogenhet med

avseende på tillträdet etc. också utför själva intrångsundersökningen.

Verkställighet handhas normalt av kronofogdemyndigheten. I ett

íóíîßç=çßÞ=ßè=íäìíåãæÞ=àöììäîîèãèáíçÛè=íåïææß=Þßî=íÛèèéæãåî

bli krono-

fogdemyndighetens uppgift att biträda förrättningsmannen när det gäller tillträde till lokaler etc. Kronofogdemyndigheten är dock väl lämpad att själv ombesörja undersökningen. Om kronofogdemyndigheten ges den uppgiften, skulle man också vinna den fördelen att redan befintliga regler för verkställighet kan tillämpas, t.ex. rätten att bereda sig tillträde till ifrågavarande lokaler (2 kap. 17 § utsökningsbalken). Regeringen föreslår därför, i enlighet med vad som föreslås i promemorian, att ett beslut om intrångsundersökning skall verkställas av kronofogdemyndigheten.

f=àìåáÛ=éç=íöåÛèÞßèí=çßÞðßìåÛè=ðãÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ïîîìóÝåîßí=ã= àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ 11 =àöæäÛèÞßK=

Efter förebild av vad som gäller vid en husrannsakan bör kronofogdemyndigheten kunna tillåta sökanden eller hans ombud att vara närvarande vid undersökningen, om inte domstolen föreskrivit något annat. Om sökanden tillåts närvara får han givetvis inte på egen hand verkställa efterforskningar eller på annat sätt ges ett avgörande inflytande över undersökningens genomförande utan endast bistå med upplysningar och råd. Myndigheten måste se till att sådan information som ligger utanför ändamålet med undersökningen inte kommer sökanden till del. Särskild uppmärksamhet är påkallad om det finns en

10

Prop 1998/99:11 s. 73.

11

Prop. 1998/99:11 s. 74 f.

risk för att den som utsätts för undersökningen skadas genom att affärs- eller andra företagshemligheter röjs.

aéåïçßèîÛîãéèßè=ðãÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=åéêãßìÛíK=_ßàéáßèâßîßì=Ûîî= ÛðæäáíèÛ=éìãáãèÛæ=íÛåèÛíK=f=àìåáÛ=éç=àöìðÛìãèá=éÝâ=ïîæäçèÛèÞß=Ûð= åéêãéì=éÝâ=ÛèèÛè=ÞéåïçßèîÛîãéè=ÛèàöìÞßí=ã=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ

12

=àöæäÛèÞßK

Sveriges Industriförbund m.fl. har föreslagit att den bevisning som kommer fram vid en undersökning skall överlämnas till domstolen, som därefter har att pröva i vilken utsträckning materialet skall lämnas ut. Avsikten skulle vara att hindra att ovidkommande information får vidare spridning än nödvändigt. Detta skulle innebära en förstärkning av skyddet för den som utsätts för en intrångsundersökning. En sådan ordning skulle emellertid vara svår att förena med vår svenska rättstradition. Dessutom kan domstolen på det stadiet knappast bedöma relevansen av olika bevis. I allmänhet är det bara den som avser att väcka talan och därmed har full insikt i vilka yrkanden som kan komma att framställas och vilka grunder som skall åberopas som har tillräcklig överblick för att bedöma värdet av bevismaterialet. Även med bortseende från den jävsproblematik en ordning som den föreslagna kan medföra framstår den därför inte som särskilt ändamålsenlig. Det får dessutom förutsättas att det bara är handlingar och föremål som kan antas ha betydelse som bevis som eftersöks. Regeringen föreslår i stället att materialet – förutom att det förtecknas i protokollet och det därmed blir känt vad som kopierats, fotograferats etc. – skall förvaras hos kronofogdemyndigheten och där hållas tillgängligt för båda parter.

6.3. Utredningens överväganden och förslag

SKPKN= mÛìîí=ãèâäçîÛèÞß=Ûð=Üßðãí=ã=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíçåæ=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáW=oßáæßì=ãèàöìí=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ã= íåÛÞßíîåèÞíçåæ=ßèæãáî=PP=§=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßèK=ÅîáäìÞßè=ãèèßÜäì= Ûîî=Þéçíîéæßè=ã=ßè=ìäîîßáåèá=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=àåì=ÜßíæïîÛ=éç=Ûîî= ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àåì=áöìÛí=âéí=ßè=êÛìî=àöì=Ûîî=ãèíÛçæÛ=Üßðãí=éç= íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìååßîK=

12

Prop. 1998/99:11 s. 79.

_ßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ã=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíçåæ=ßèæãáî=hi=

f=íðßèíå=ìäîî=êå=ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîßèí=éçìåÞß=àãèèí=íéç=èäçèîí=ßè= íåóÞÞíåîáäìÞI=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáI=íéç=áöì=Þßî=çöäæãáî=àöì= ßèíåãæÞÛ=Ûîî=íäåìÛ=Üßðãíèãèá=ãèéç=ßîî=ÝãðãæêìéÝßííïßææî=àöìàÛìÛèÞßK= _ßâéðßî=Ûð=ÞßîîÛ=àìÛçíîéÞ=ßèæãáî=æÛáíîãàîÛìßè=íéç=íäìíåãæî=êåîÛáæãáî= èäì=Þßî=àÛèèí=ßè=ìãíå=àöì=Ûîî=àöìßçåæ=ßææßì=Üßðãí=íéç=åïèÞß=ðãíÛ= ãèîìåèáßî=éÝâ=Þßíí=éçàÛîîèãèá=çßÞ=æäîîâßî=åïèÞß=ïèÞÛèâåææÛíI=àöìJ ðÛèíåÛí=ßææßì=àöìíîöìÛíK=sÛÞ=íéç=Þå=ÜßâöðÞßí=ðÛì=àìÛçàöì=Ûææî=ßè= çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=íèÛÜÜîI=éÝâ=ãÜæÛèÞ=éÛèèéèíßìÛîI=àå=îãææîìäÞß=îãææ=æéåÛæßì= íéç=ÞãíêéèßìÛÞßí=Ûð=Þßè=íéç=çãííîäèåîßí=àöì=ãèîìåèáßî=àöì=Ûîî=Þäì= æßîÛ=ßàîßì=àöìßçåæ=íéç=ðÛì=ìßíïæîÛî=Ûð=ßææßì=âÛÞß=Ûèðäèîí=ðãÞ=ßîî= ãèîìåèá=æãåíéç=ðßìåíÛçâßîíâÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=âÛÞß=Ûèåèóîèãèá=îãææ= ãèîìåèáßîK=aßîîÛ=Üßâéð=Ûèíåáí=ãèîß=åïèèÛ=îãææáéÞéíßí=áßèéç=Þß=Þå= ÜßàãèîæãáÛ=ìßáæßìèÛK=aßî=Ûèíåáí=ÞéÝå=ðÛìÛ=Ûð=áìïèÞæäááÛèÞß=ÜßîóJ Þßæíß=Ûîî=ðäáÛ=Þßî=ãèîìßííß=çÛè=ðãææß=íåóÞÞÛ=çéî=Þß=åéèíßåðßèíßì=ßè= åîáäìÞ=åïèÞß=àå=àöì=Þßè=ßèíåãæÞßK=fèîìßííßî=Ûð=ßè=ßààßåîãðÛìß= Üßðãííäåìãèá=íéç=ßîî=çßÞßæ=ã=ÜßåäçêÛèÞßî=Ûð=ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîíJ ãèîìåèá=Ûèíåáí=ÞéÝå=ðÛìÛ=íå=íîÛìåî=ïîîÛæÛî=Ûîî=Þßî=ãèîß=ã=ðÛìäß=íãîïÛJ îãéè=åïèÞß=àå=íîå=îãææÜÛåÛ=îãææ=àöìçåè=àöì=ãèîßáìãîßîíãèîìßííßîK=aßî= ðÛì=Ûð=ÛðáöìÛèÞß=ÜßîóÞßæíß=Ûîî=Þßî=àÛèèí=ìßáæßì=íéç=ãèèßÜÛì=ßîî=íäìJ íåãæî=íåóÞÞ=àöì=Þßè=çéî=ðãæåßè=åîáäìÞßè=ìãåîÛÞßíK=påÞÛèÛ=ìßáæßì= ÜßâöðÞßí=ÜåÞß=ãèéç=ìÛçßè=àöì=Þéçíîéæíêìöðèãèáßè=éÝâ=ãèéç= ìÛçßè=àöì=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßèK

13

jéîíðÛìÛèÞß=ìßíéèßçÛèá=åÛè=àöìÛí=àöì=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßèí=ÞßæI= äðßè=éç=íåãææèÛÞßì=àãèèí=çßææÛè=ìäîîíéçìåÞßèÛK=bè=íåãææèÛÞ=äì=Ûîî= ßè=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=êìãçäìî=íóàîÛì=îãææ=Ûîî=éçâäèÞßìîÛ=àöìßçåæ= íéç=ã=íãá=ãèèßÜäì=ßîî=ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîíæãáî=ãèîìåèá=éÝâ=Ûîî=ÞäìçßÞ=àå= ãèîìåèáßî=Ûîî=ïêêâöìÛK=aäìïîöðßì=åÛè=íääæðàÛææßî=âÛèÞæãèáÛìI=îKßòK= ÜéåàöìãèáI=ßàîßìíöåÛí=àöì=Ûîî=Üßðãí=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=íäåìÛí=éç=ßîî=ßìíäîîJ èãèáíÛèíêìååí=íîéìæßå=Eíéç=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=ÜßìéßèÞß=Ûð=àöìíäæäèãèáíJ ðéæóçßè=àöì=åéêãßìÛÞß=êìéÞïåîßì=ßîÝKF=fèéç=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßè=äì= ÞéÝå=ãèîìßííßî=éàîÛíî=ãèìãåîÛî=êå=Ûîî=íäåìÛ=íåÞÛèÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç= ïîáöì=Üßðãíèãèá=éç=ßîî=ßìíäîîèãèáíÛèíêìååK=

bè=ÛèèÛè=ðãåîãá=íåãææèÛÞ=äì=Ûîî=Þßî=êå=åéèåïììßèíéçìåÞßî=àãèèí= ßè=çóèÞãáâßî=çßÞ=ïêêáãàî=Ûîî=ÛðíæöäÛ=éÝâ=ÜßãðìÛ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð= åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛK=bè=ßèíåãæÞí=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíîÛæÛè=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=çßì= ßææßì=çãèÞìß=íÛçéìÞèÛÞ=çßÞ=Þßè=ïîìßÞèãèáíðßìåíÛçâßî=íéç=åéèJ åïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßìèÛ=ÜßÞìãðßìK=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=ßææßì=åéççãíJ íãéèßèí=ïîìßÞèãèáíÛìÜßîß=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=Ûð=ßè=âßæî=ÛèèÛè=éçàÛîîèãèá=éÝâ=

13

Se prop. 1998/99:11 s. 49.

éÝåíå=áäææÛ=ÛèÞìÛ=çÛìåèÛÞßì=éÝâ=àöìßîÛá=äè=Þßî=íéç=ìöì=Þßè= ßèíåãæÞß=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞßí=ãèîìßííßK=Äðßè=ÛèÞìÛ=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáJ âßîßì=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=ãèÜæÛèÞÛÞßK=lç=Þßè=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞß=àåì=îãææ=íîåèÞ=ßè= ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àöì=Ûîî=âÛèí=ãèîìßííß=íåÛææ=îãææáéÞéíßíI=åÛè=Þßî=çßÞJ àöìÛ=Ûîî=ßîî=éçàÛîîÛèÞß=ïîìßÞèãèáíÛìÜßîß=âéí=çóèÞãáâßîßìèÛ=íåÛÞÛí= ßææßì=Ûîî=ßè=èäìÛ=àöìßíîåßèÞß=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=éçãèîßîáöìíK=Äðßè=éç= êìãðÛîÛ=ãèãîãÛîãð=Üöì=ïêêçïèîìÛíI=äì=Þßî=Ûèáßæäáßî=Ûîî=ãèîß=héèåïìJ ìßèíðßìåßîí=ïîìßÞèãèáÛì=éÝâ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=àöìàßæÛí=áßèéç=êìãðÛîÛ= ãèãîãÛîãðK=_ßâéðßî=Ûð=Ûîî=ïèÞðãåÛ=íåÞÛèÛ=åéèíßåðßèíßì=çåíîß=ÜßÛåîÛí= èäì=èóÛ=ìßáæßì=ïîàéìçÛíK=

aßîîÛ=Üßâéð=íåïææß=åïèèÛ=îãææáéÞéíßí=áßèéç=ìßáæßì=éç=Ûîî=ÞéçJ íîéæßè=åïèÞß=Ûðíæå=ßè=ÛèíöåÛè=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáI=éç=ßè= ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåïææß=ãèèßÜäìÛ=ÛææðÛìæãá=íåÛÞÛ=àöì=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí= ïîìßÞèãèá=ßææßì=àöìßíîåßèÞß=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=aßî=åïèÞß=ìßèî=Ûð= àöìßíåìãðÛí=Ûîî=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ãèîß=íåïææß=àå=åéççÛ=îãææ=íîåèÞ=ïîÛè= héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=çßÞáãðÛèÞßK=aßîîÛ=íåïææß=ßçßææßìîãÞ=àöìïîíäîîÛ= Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=áÛðí=îãææàäææß=Ûîî=óîîìÛ=íãá=îãææ=ÞéçíîéæßèK= påÞÛèÛ=óîîìÛèÞßè=íåïææß=çßÞàöìÛ=Ûîî=ðßìåßîí=ïîìßÞèãèá=éÝâ=êæÛèJ æäááèãèá=Ûð=ßè=ßáßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåïææß=ìãíåßìÛ=Ûîî=ÛðíæöäÛíK=

bîî=ÛèèÛî=êìéÜæßç=äì=Ûîî=Üßðãíèãèá=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìåå=éàîÛ= ãèèßàÛîîÛì=àöìßîÛáíâßçæãáâßîßìK=jåèáÛ=áåèáßì=çåíîß=Þßî=ðÛìÛ=ðÛèJ íåæãáî=Ûîî=ÛðáöìÛ=ßòÛåî=ðãæåÛ=ïêêáãàîßì=íéç=äì=ìßæßðÛèîÛ=ã=ÜßðãíJ âäèíßßèÞßK=oãíå=àãèèí=àöì=Ûîî=äðßè=ÛèÞìÛ=ïêêáãàîßì=íéç=Üöì=íåóÞÞÛí= ã=íîöìíîÛ=çöäæãáÛ=ïîíîìäÝåèãèá=åéççßì=îãææ=íöåÛèÞßèí=åäèèßÞéçK= jßÞ=îÛèåß=êå=Þßè=ãèáìãêÛèÞß=åÛìÛåîäìßè=Ûð=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=âéí= àöìßîÛáßî=çåíîß=ìßáæßìèÛ=éçáäìÞÛí=çßÞ=íîöìíîÛ=çöäæãáÛ=ìäîîííäåßìJ âßîíáÛìÛèîãßìK=

aß=èï=ÛèàöìÞÛ=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßìèÛ=áöì=Ûîî=Þßî=ßèæãáî=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí= çßèãèá=ãèîß=äì=çöäæãáî=Ûîî=öðßìàöìÛ=ìßáßæíóíîßçßî=àöì=ãèîìåèáíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ã=Þßíí=âßæâßî=êå=éçìåÞßî=àöì=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßèæãáî=hiK= rîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûèíßì=ßçßææßìîãÞ=Ûîî=Þßî=äì=ðäìî=Ûîî=êìöðÛ=éç=åîçãèJ íîéèß=ðãííÛ=ßæßçßèî=àìåè=ìßáæßìèÛ=éç=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=åÛè=îÛí= îãææ=ðÛìÛ=àöì=Ûîî=íåÛêÛ=ßè=çöäæãáâßî=àöì=Þßè=íéç=âÛì=Ûèíêìåå=êå= ßìíäîîèãèá=àöì=íåÛÞÛ=êKáKÛK=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ= Ûîî=ßàîßìàéìíåÛ=éÝâ=íäåìÛ=Üßðãíèãèá=îãææ=íîöÞ=àöì=íãîî=ÛèíêìååK=käì= ßìàÛìßèâßîßì=âÛì=ðïèèãîí=Ûð=íóíîßçßîí=êìÛåîãíåÛ=îãææäçêèãèá=åÛèíåß= Þßî=åÛè=ïîðßÝåæÛí=ðãÞÛìßK=aßî=åÛè=éÝåíå=ðãíÛ=íãá=çéîãðßìÛî=Ûîî= ïîðãÞáÛ=îãææäçêèãèáßè=îãææ=ÛèÞìÛ=ÝãðãæìäîîíæãáÛ=Ûèíêìåå=äè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞK=

pÛççÛèîÛáßî=éÝâ=çßÞ=ãÛåîîÛáÛèÞß=Ûð=Þßî=íéç=èï=íÛáîí=àöìßíæåì= ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûîî=ßîî=èóîî=ÝãðãæêìéÝßííïßææî=ãèíîãîïî=ãèàöìí=ãèéç= åéèåïììßèíìäîîßè=ßàîßì=àöìßÜãæÞ=àìåè=ãèíîãîïîßî=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåJ

èãèáK=aßî=èóÛ=ãèíîãîïîßî=åÛè=àöìíæÛáíðãí=ÜßèäçèÛí=ÜßðãíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáK=fèíîãîïîßî=àöìßíæåí=àå=ã=íãèÛ=âïðïÞÞìÛá=àöæäÛèÞß=ïîàéìçJ èãèáK=f=ßè=ìäîîßáåèá=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìåå=ßèæãáî=PP=§=hi=àåì= Þéçíîéæßè=êå=óìåÛèÞß=Ûð=åäìÛèÞßè=ÜßíæïîÛ=éç=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá= âéí=çéîêÛìîßè=àöì=Ûîî=ßàîßìàéìíåÛ=éÝâ=íäåìÛ=Üßðãí=éç=åäìÛèÞßèí= ßìíäîîèãèáíÛèíêìååK=_ßðãíßè=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=Ûðíß=ÛææÛ=Ûíêßåîßì=Ûð=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞííåóæÞãáâßîßèI=íåðäæ=Þßè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíáìïèÞÛèÞß=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè= íéç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞßîí=ÜßæéêêK=_ßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ðßìåíîäææí=Ûð= åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßèK=

qãææ=íåãææèÛÞ=àìåè=ðÛÞ=íéç=áäææßì=ðãÞ=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ= Ûææîíå=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ãèîß=àå=íåß=ãèèÛè=ßîî=çåæ=âÛì=ÛèâäèáãáJ áäéìîí=éÝâ=ãèîß=âßææßì=ã=ßîî=íåãæäßàöìàÛìÛèÞßK=_ßâéðßî=Ûð=íåóÞÞ=àöì= àöìßîÛáíâßçæãáâßîßì=àöìÛèæßÞßì=éÝåíå=íäìíåãæÞÛ=êìéÝßÞïìßìI=íéç= Üßíåìãðí=èßÞÛèK=

cöì=Þßè=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞß=íåïææß=Þßî=âÛ=ßîî=íîéìî=ðäìÞß=Ûîî=åïèèÛ=àå=îãææ= íîåèÞ=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ìßÞÛè=ãèèÛè=âÛè=ðäÝåßì=îÛæÛèK=aå=íåïææß= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=åïèèÛ=áß=ïèÞßìæÛá=àöì=íîäææèãèáíîÛáÛèÞßî=éç=îÛæÛè= íåÛææ=ðäÝåÛí=ßææßì=ãèîßK=sãÞÛìß=íåïææß=Þßî=çãííîäèåîÛ=àöìßîÛáßî=åïèèÛ= îÛí=çßÞ=öðßììÛíåèãèá=éÝâ=ãèîß=àå=îãææàäææß=Ûîî=ïèÞÛèìöäÛ=ÜßðãíK= bçßææßìîãÞ=äì=Þßî=äïíî=ã=ÞßîîÛ=íåßÞß=íéç=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá= íåïææß=åïèèÛ=íåÛÞÛ=ßè=ïîìßÞèãèá=âéí=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßìèÛK= jßÞ=âäèíóè=îãææ=ÞßîîÛ=çóèÞãáâßîíãèîìßííß=âÛì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=ðÛæî=Ûîî= àöìßíæå=Ûîî=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ãèîß=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=ÜßíæïîÛí=àöììäè= îÛæÛè=âÛì=ðäÝåîíK=fèíîãîïîßî=Üöì=åïèèÛ=ïîáöìÛ=ßîî=ðäìÞßàïææî=ìßÞíåÛê= äðßè=ïèÞßì=ßè=êåáåßèÞß=ìäîîßáåèáK=bè=àïææíîäèÞãá=íîäçèãèáíJ ÛèíöåÛè=Üöì=ðãÞÛìß=ã=Ûææçäèâßî=ðÛìÛ=ßîî=Üäîîìß=ïèÞßìæÛá=äè=ßè= ÛèíöåÛè=ã=ßîî=îãÞãáÛìß=íåßÞßI=èäì=Þéçíîéæßè=íåÛææ=îÛ=íîäææèãèá=îãææ=éç= ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ=îãææåîÛíK=

Äðßè=çßÞ=ÞßîîÛ=àöìíæÛá=åÛè=Þßî=ãèîß=ïîßíæïîÛí=Ûîî=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèá=èåáéè=áåèá=íåïææß=åïèèÛ=åéææãÞßìÛ=çßÞ=ßè=ïîìßÞèãèá=Ûð=ßè= åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîK=^èîÛæßî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíçåæ=àåì=ÛèîÛí=Üæã=æãîßî= îìéîí=çöäæãáâßîßè=îãææ=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=oßÞÛè=çßÞ=âäèíóè=îãææ=Þßî= çåíîß=ìãíåßè=àöì=åéææãíãéè=Üæã=æãîßèK=aßî=äì=ðãÞÛìß=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí= ïêêàÛîîèãèá=Ûîî=Þßè=ßèíåãæÞß=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞßí=ãèîìßííß=Ûð=Ûîî=àå=îãææáåèá= îãææ=Üßðãíèãèá=ã=ßîî=Ûèâäèáãáî=çåæ=Üöì=àìäçäÛíK=aßî=äì=ßîî=íÛçâäææíJ ãèîìßííß=Ûîî=Þßè=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞß=àåì=åéççÛ=îãææ=íãè=ìäîîK=

jßÞ=îÛèåß=êå=ãèîßáìãîßîíÛíêßåîßìèÛ=àãèèí=Þßî=ã=öðìãáî=ÛèæßÞèãèá= Ûîî=ðÛìÛ=ìßíîìãåîãð=èäì=çÛè=ãèàöì=ßè=èó=íåóÞÞíåîáäìÞ=íéç=äèèï=ÜÛìÛ= âÛì=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=ãèéç=ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîßè=íéç=àöìßÜãæÞK= aßî=Üöì=Þäìàöì=ãèîß=åéççÛ=ã=àìåáÛ=Ûîî=èï=ãèàöìÛ=ßè=ìßáæßìãèá=íéç= îäÝåßì=ÛææÛ=Þß=íãîïÛîãéèßì=èäì=çéîíîåßèÞß=êìãðÛîÛ=ãèîìßííßè=àãèèí=ã=

îðãíîßì=êå=åéèåïììßèíìäîîíæãá=áìïèÞK=jéî=Þßè=ÜÛåáìïèÞßè=Üöì= îãææäçêèãèáíéçìåÞßî=àöì=ìßáæßìèÛ=éç=ßè=íåÞÛè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá= ÜßáìäèíÛí=íå=Ûîî=Þß=áäææßì=àöì=ãèíÛçæãèá=Ûð=Üßðãí=îãææ=íîóìåÛèÞß=Ûð=ßîî= íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìåå=ßèæãáî=hiK=

qãææ=íåãææèÛÞ=àìåè=ðÛÞ=íéç=áäææßì=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåJ èãèá=ãèéç=ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîßè=Üöì=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=åïèèÛ=Ûðíß=ÜßðãíJ èãèá=éç=ßìíäîîèãèáíÛèíêìååßî=ã=Þßíí=âßæâßîK=aßîîÛ=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=àöìßJ îÛáßîí=ïêêíåî=ßææßì=éÛåîíÛçâßî=Üæãì=àÛåîéìßì=Ûîî=ÜßÞöçÛ=ðãÞ=êìöðJ èãèáßè=éç=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ=îãææåîÛíK=

f=Þßî=àöæäÛèÞß=ÜßâÛèÞæÛì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=éæãåÛ=àìåáéì=Ûð=ÜßîóÞßæíß= àöì=Þßè=èäìçÛìß=ïîàéìçèãèáßè=Ûð=ãèíîãîïîßî=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=

SKPKO= sÛì=àåì=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=íåß\=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáW=bè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àåì=áöìÛí=âéí=ßîî= àöìßîÛá=íéç=äì=çéîêÛìî=ã=ßè=ìäîîßáåèá=éç=ßîî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞÛèíêìåå= ßèæãáî=PP=§=hiK=rèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=àåì=ÜÛìÛ=éçàÛîîÛ=ïîìóççßè= íéç=àöìßîÛáßî=ÞãíêéèßìÛìK=

sãÞ=ãèàöìÛèÞßî=Ûð=ìßáæßìèÛ=éç=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ïîîÛæÛÞßí=Ûîî= ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ÜéìÞß=åïèèÛ=äáÛ=ìïç=ã=Þß=ÛààäìíæéåÛæßì=ßææßì=çéîJ íðÛìÛèÞß=íéç=Þßè=ÞãíêéèßìÛì=íéç=çãííîäèåí=âÛ=áäéìî=ßîî=ãèîìåèá= ßææßì=íéç=çãííîäèåí=âÛ=áäéìî=íãá=íåóæÞãá=îãææ=ßîî=íîìÛààÜÛìî=àöìíöå= ßææßì=ßè=íîìÛààÜÛì=àöìÜßìßÞßæíß=îãææ=ãèîìåèáK

14

sãÞÛìß=ïîîÛæÛÞßí=Ûîî=äðßè=çãííîäèåîÛí=ÜéíîäÞßì=ÜéìÞß=åïèèÛ= áßèéçíöåÛíK=aéÝå=ÜßîéèÛÞßí=ðãåîßè=Ûð=Ûîî=ãèîßáìãîßîíÛíêßåîßè=îãææJ çäîí=íäìíåãæÞ=îóèáÞ=ðãÞ=êìöðèãèáßè=Ûð=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=óìåÛèÞßK=oßáßìJ ãèáßè=Ûèíåá=Ûîî=àöìíæÛáßî=ðÛì=ðäæ=àöìßèæãáî=çßÞ=Ûìîãåßæ=U=ã=bïìéêÛJ åéèðßèîãéèßè=éç=Þß=çäèíåæãáÛ=ìäîîãáâßîßìèÛI=íéç=ÜæKÛK=ÜßâÛèÞæÛì= íåóÞÞßî=àöì=Þßè=ßèíåãæÞßí=êìãðÛîæãðK=

kåáéè=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=áßèéçàöìÛ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=âéí=îìßÞäß=çÛè= Ûèíåáí=Þäìßçéî=ãèîß=æäçêæãáî=Ûîî=ãèàöìÛK=ÅîáäìÞßè=áìãêßì=ãè=ã=Þßè= êìãðÛîÛ=íàäìßè=êå=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=íäîî=Ûîî=Þßî=ãèîß=åÛè=ÛÝÝßêîßìÛí=Ûîî=èåáéè= íéç=ãèîß=ßèí=åÛè=ÛèîÛí=âÛ=áäéìî=ãèîìåèá=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=ÞìÛÜÜÛí=Ûð=ÞßèK= f=Þß=àÛææßè=çåíîßI=Ûèíåáí=ÞßîI=ãèîßáìãîßîíâäèíóèßè=ðäáÛ=öðßìI=äðßè= éç=Þßî=èÛîïìæãáîðãí=éàîÛ=åïèÞß=ðÛìÛ=íå=Ûîî=ãèîìåèáíáéÞí=àãèèí=âéí= ßòßçêßæðãí=ßè=íêßÞãîöìK=bè=ääçàöìßæíß=áäéìÞßí=çßÞ=âïíìÛèèíÛåÛè=ã=

14

Se prop. 1998/99:11 s. 57.

ÜìéîîçåæI=Þäì=çöäæãáâßîßìèÛ=Ûîî=áöìÛ=âïíìÛèèíÛåÛè=âéí=ÛèèÛè=äè= Þßè=çãííîäèåîß=äì=âöáíî=ÜßáìäèíÛÞßK

15

bè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=Üöì=àå=íåß=âéí=Þßè=çéî=ðãæåßè=ßîî= íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìåå=ßèæãáî=PP=§=hi=ìãåîÛíK=f=åÛêãîßæ=V=àöìßíæåí=ßîî= àöìîóÞæãáÛèÞß=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáíÜßàéJ áßèâßîßì=çßÞ=ãèèßÜöìÞßè=Ûîî=ðßìåßîI=ßàîßì=Þéçíîéæí=áéÞåäèèÛèÞßI= àåì=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=áßèéçàöìÛ=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ã=ßè=ÜéíîÛÞ=ßææßì=ÛèÞìÛ= ïîìóççßè=íéç=èóîîäÛí=Ûð=ßè=íîóìßæíßæßÞÛçéî=ßææßì=ÛèíîäææÞ=âéí=Þßî= àöìßîÛá=íéç=äì=àöìßçåæ=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáK=héççãííãéèßè=àåì=Þßè= çöäæãáâßîßè=áßèéç=àöìéìÞèãèá=NLOMMPK=bè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåßì= ã=ßè=îðãíî=çßææÛè=îðå=ßèíåãæÞÛK=Äðßè=éç=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=çóèÞãáâßîíJ ãèáìãêÛèÞßè=åÛè=ìãåîÛí=çéî=ßè=ðãÞÛìß=åìßîíI=Üöì=Þäìàöì=Ûð=ãèîßJ áìãîßîííåäæ=ãèîß=çöäæãáâßîßè=àãèèÛí=Ûîî=áßèéçàöìÛ=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèá=âéí=íîóìßæíßæßÞÛçöîßì=ßææßì=ÛèíîäææÞÛ=âéí=Þßî=ïèÞßìíöåîÛ= àöìßîÛáßî=ßææßì=âéí=ïîéçíîåßèÞß=îìßÞäß=çäèK=

SKPKP=sÛÞ= àåì= ßàîßìíöåÛí\=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáW=eÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=åÛè=âÛ=ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì= ïîìßÞèãèáßè=éç=ßìíäîîèãèáíÛèíêìååßî=àåì=ßàîßìíöåÛíK=rèÞßìíöåJ èãèáßè=àåì=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=éçàÛîîÛ=íåìãàîæãáÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=ðãæåÛí=ãèèßâåææ= éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=îóíîèÛÞíêæãåîI=éç=Þß=ãèèßâÛí=Ûð=èåáéè=íéç=âÛì= îóíîèÛÞíêæãåî=ßææßì=Ûð=Þßè=êßìíéè=îãææ=àöìçåè=àöì=ðãæåßè=îóíîèÛÞíJ êæãåîßè=áäææßìK=aßè=àåì=ãèîß=éçàÛîîÛ=íåìãàîæãáÛ=çßÞÞßæÛèÞßè= çßææÛè=ßèíåãæÞÛ=êßìíéèßì=íéç=äì=ðÛìÛèÞìÛ=èäìíîåßèÞßK=lç= åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=Ûèíßì=Ûîî=ßè=ðãíí=âÛèÞæãèá=Üöì=éçàÛîîÛí= Ûð=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=éÝâ=Þßî=ïèÞßìíöåîÛ=àöìßîÛáßî=åÜßìéêÛì=Ûîî= âÛèÞæãèáßè=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=îóíîèÛÞíêæãåîI=íåÛææ=âÛèÞæãèáßè=àöìíßáæÛí= éÝâ=öðßìæäçèÛí=îãææ=Þéçíîéæ=àöì=êìöðèãèá=Ûð=àìåáÛèK=

bèæãáî=RN=§=hi=âÛì=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=ðãÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íéç=âÛì= ÜßíæïîÛîí=ßèæãáî=QT=ßææßì=QU=§=ìäîî=Ûîî=

NK=áìÛèíåÛ=Üéåàöìãèá=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=ÛààäìíâÛèÞæãèáÛìI= OK=îÛ=åéêãéì=Ûð=ßææßì=áöìÛ=ïîÞìÛá=ïì=Üéåàöìãèá=éÝâ=ÛààäìíâÛèÞJ æãèáÛìI=

PK=ÜßáäìÛ=çïèîæãáÛ=àöìåæÛìãèáÛì=Þãìßåî=êå=êæÛîíßèI=éÝâ= QK=àå=îãææîìäÞß=îãææ=æéåÛæßìI=çÛìåéçìåÞßèI=îìÛèíêéìîçßÞßæ=éÝâ= ÛèÞìÛ=ïîìóççßèK=

15

28 kap. 1 § andra stycket RB.

bîî=åæäááÛèÞß=Ûîî=îãææâÛèÞÛâåææÛ=âÛèÞæãèá=åÛè=Ûðíß=ðÛìäß=àéìç=Ûð= íåìãàîæãáî=çÛîßìãÛæI=ßòßçêßæðãí=ÛðîÛæI=åéììßíêéèÞßèíI=ÛààäìíÜöÝåßìI= êìãíæãíîéì=çKçK

16

=_ßáìßêêßî=âÛèÞæãèá=âÛì=íÛççÛ=ãèèßÜöìÞ=íéç=ã=

O=åÛêK=îìóÝåàìãâßîíàöìéìÞèãèáßèI=ÞðíK=Üßáìßêêßî=éçàÛîîÛì=éÝåíå= ïêêîÛáèãèáÛì=íéç=åÛè=æäíÛíI=ÛðæóííèÛí=ßææßì=êå=ÛèèÛî=íäîî=ïêêàÛîîÛí= ßèÞÛíî=çßÞ=âääæê=Ûð=îßåèãíåÛ=âääæêçßÞßæI=îKßòK=ßè=ÜãæÞíåäìçK=

cöì=Ûîî=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=ßààßåîãð=éÝâ=áß=ãèàéìçÛJ îãéè=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìååßî=Üöì=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=åÛè=ÛèîÛí=âÛ= ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìååßî=åïèèÛ=ßàîßìJ íöåÛíK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûðíßì=íääæðÛ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=éÝâ=íåÛÞÛè=íÛçî= éìíÛåííÛçÜÛèÞßî=ÞäìßçßææÛèK=aßî=äì=àìäçíî=àìåáÛ=éç=ÛààäìíJ âÛèÞæãèáÛì=ßææßì=ÛèÞìÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=ìöì=Þßè=ðßìåíÛçâßî=íéç= ÜßÞìãðí=Ûð=Þßè=íéç=ïîíäîîí=àöì=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèI=îKßòK=ÛààäìíÛðîÛæI= ãèåöêíéìÞßìI=àÛåîïìéìI=ÛèîßÝåèãèáÛì=éç=çöîßè=ßîÝK=

f=æÛáíîãàîèãèáíäìßèÞßî=éç=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ðäÝåîßí=àìåáÛè= éç=Þßî=ÜßâöðÞßí=ßîî=íîÛìåÛìß=íåóÞÞ=àöì=àöìßîÛáíâßçæãáâßîßìK= oßáßìãèáßè=ÞßæÛÞß=ãèîß=Þßè=ïêêàÛîîèãèáßèK=bèæãáî=ìßáßìãèáßèí= çßèãèá=åíîÛÞåéç=çÛè=ßîî=ÛÞßåðÛî=íåóÞÞI=éç=Þéçíîéæßè=çßÞ= ÜßÛåîÛèÞß=Ûð=íÛçîæãáÛ=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=ã=Þßî=ßèíåãæÞÛ=àÛææßî=áäéìÞß=ßè= íÛçæÛÞ=ãèîìßííßÛððäáèãèá=éÝâI=àöì=Þß=àÛææ=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá= ÜßðãæäÛÞßí=ÛèáÛð=Þß=ðãææåéì=éÝâ=ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛì=íéç=íåïææß=áäææÛ=àöì= ÞßèèÛK

17

=pÛççÛ=ÜßÞöçèãèá=Üöì=áöìÛí=èïK=

f=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ßèæãáî=RN=§=hi= åÛè=àìåáÛ=ïêêåéççÛ=âïìïðãÞÛ=ßè=íåìãàîæãá=âÛèÞæãèá=äì=Ûð=íåÞÛè= ÜßíåÛààßèâßî=Ûîî=Þßè=ßèæãáî=RQ=§=hi=íåÛææ=ïèÞÛèîÛí=àìåè=ïèÞßìíöåJ èãèáßèK=bèæãáî=RQ=§=hi=àåì=ãèîß=åîáäìÞßì=ßèæãáî=QR=éÝâ=RN=§§=Ûðíß=ßè= íåÞÛè=íåìãàîæãá=âÛèÞæãèá=

NK=ðÛìí=ãèèßâåææ=åÛè=ÛèîÛí=ðÛìÛ=íåÞÛèî=Ûîî=ßè=ÛÞðéåÛî=ßææßì=âÛèí= ÜãîìäÞß=ãèîß=àåì=âöìÛí=íéç=ðãîîèß=ÞäìéçI=éÝâ=

OK=íéç=ãèèßâÛí=Ûð=âéèéç=ßææßì=Þßè=îãææ=àöìçåè=àöì=ðãæåßè= îóíîèÛÞíêæãåîßè=áäææßìK=

bèæãáî=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ=âÛì=RQ=§=hi=ßè=ðãíí=çéîíðÛìãáâßî=ã=ÜßíæÛáíJ ìßáæßìèÛ=ã=OT=åÛêK=O=§=o_K=aßè=àöìíîèäçèÞÛ=êÛìÛáìÛàßè=íóàîÛì=îãææ=Ûîî= íåóÞÞÛ=çßÞÞßæÛèÞßè=çßÞ=ðãííî=àöìîìéæãáî=ãèèßâåææ=çßææÛè=ßè= ÛÞðéåÛî=ßææßì=âÛèí=ÜãîìäÞß=éÝâ=ßîî=àöìßîÛáK=påóÞÞßî=áäææßì=çéî= åæäááÛèÞßè=ßèæãáî=QR=§=hi=éÝâ=ðãÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=ßèæãáî=RN=§=hiK= cöìàÛìÛèÞßî=ðãÞ=îðãíî=éç=âïìïðãÞÛ=ïêêáãàî=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=ÛÞðéåÛîí= îóíîèÛÞíêæãåî=äì=ìßáæßìÛî=ßèæãáî=àöæäÛèÞßK=lç=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=ã=ßè= íåÞÛè=íãîïÛîãéè=Þäì=éæãåÛ=ïêêàÛîîèãèáÛì=ìåÞßì=Ûèíßì=Ûîî=âÛèÞæãèáßè=

16

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 107.

17

Prop. 1989/99:11 s. 65.

Üöì=ïèÞßìíöåÛíI=íåÛææ=Þßè=éçßÞßæÜÛìî=àöìíßáæÛíK=aßè=íåÛææ=Þäìßàîßì= íåóèÞíÛçî=öðßìæäçèÛí=îãææ=pîéÝåâéæçí=îãèáíìäîîK=qãèáíìäîîßè=íåÛææ= ïîÛè=Þìöäíçåæ=êìöðÛ=éç=âÛèÞæãèáßè=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=ÛÞðéåÛîí=îóíîèÛÞíJ êæãåîK=

Äðßè=ßèæãáî=ìßáæßìèÛ=éç=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=áäææßì=íåóÞÞ=àöì= âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=îóíîèÛÞíêæãåîK=påóÞÞßî=äì=ÞéÝå=çßì= éçàÛîîÛèÞß=éÝâ=Ûðíßì=ÛææÛ=íåÞÛèÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=Ûèáßí=ã=OT=åÛêK=O=§= o_K=aäìßçéî=àãèèí=ãèáÛ=íåÞÛèÛ=ìßáæßì=éç=êìöðèãèáßè=íéç=àãèèí=ã= hiK=

jßÞ=âäèíóè=îãææ=Ûîî=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=áäææßì=àöìâåææÛèÞßî= çßææÛè=ßèíåãæÞÛ=Üöì=íåóÞÞßî=àöì=îóíîèÛÞíêæãåîßè=âÛ=Þßî=ðãÞÛìß= éçàåèá=íéç=àöìßíåìãðí=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=hiWí= ìßáæßì=éç=êìöðèãèáßè=Üöì=éÝåíå=áäææÛK=

SKPKQ=_ßðãíåìÛðßî=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáW=cöì=Ûîî=ßè=Þéçíîéæ=íåÛææ=ÜãàÛææÛ=ßîî= óìåÛèÞß=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àéìÞìÛí=Ûîî=Þßî=íåäæãáßè=åÛè= ÛèîÛí=Ûîî=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=äì=íåóæÞãáî=Ûîî=ßìíäîîÛ=ßè=íåÛÞÛ=ßèæãáî=åéèJ åïììßèíæÛáßèK=

bîî=íäìíåãæî=ÜßðãíåìÛð=

bè=áìïèÞæäááÛèÞß=àìåáÛ=äì=èÛîïìæãáîðãí=çßÞ=ðãæåßè=áìÛÞ=Ûð=íÛèèéJ æãåâßî=ßîî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìåå=íåÛææ=âÛ=ÜßðãíÛîí=àöì=Ûîî=ßè=ÜßðãíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ=îãææåîÛíK=bè=ìãçæãá=èãðå=êå=ÜßðãíåìÛðßî=çåíîß= ÜßíîäççÛí=ïîãàìåè=Þßè=ïîáåèáíêïèåîßè=Ûîî=åîáäìÞßè=íóàîÛì=äïíî=îãææ= Ûîî=ïèÞßìæäîîÛ=îãææáåèáßè=îãææ=Üßðãíèãèá=ã=ßè=îóê=Ûð=çåæ=Þäì=êåîÛáæãáÛ= Üßðãííðåìãáâßîßì=ÛèèÛìí=éàîÛ=àöìßæãááßìK=jßÞ=ßîî=Ûææîàöì=âöáî=íîäææî= ÜßðãíåìÛð=Üæãì=ãèàöìÛèÞßî=Ûð=Þßî=èóÛ=ãèíîãîïîßî=ãèîß=çßèãèáíàïææîK= jéî=ÞßîîÛ=çåíîß=çÛè=ßçßææßìîãÞ=íîäææÛ=Ûîî=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=äì= ßè=ãèáìãêÛèÞß=åîáäìÞ=íéç=åÛè=àöìéìíÛåÛ=ÜßÛåîÛèíðäìÞÛ=éæäáßèâßîßì= éÝâ=íåÛÞéì=àöì=Þßè=íéç=ïîíäîîí=àöì=åîáäìÞßèK=^îî=ßè=ßèíåãæÞ=åÛè= êååÛææÛ=ßè=íåÞÛè=åîáäìÞ=íÛåèÛì=çéîíðÛìãáâßî=êå=ÛèÞìÛ=ìäîîíéçìåÞßèI= àöìïîéç=çöäæãáâßîßè=îãææ=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ãèéç=ãççÛîßìãÛæJ ìäîîßèK=cßæ=ÛèðäèÞ=åÛè=åîáäìÞßè=Üæã=ßîî=íäîî=àöì=àöìßîÛáÛìß=Ûîî=âãèÞìÛ= éÝâ=îìÛåÛííßìÛ=åéèåïììßèîßì=ã=ÞßìÛí=ðßìåíÛçâßîK=^ð=ãèîßáìãîßîíJ=éÝâ= ìäîîííäåßìâßîííåäæ=äì=Þßî=Þäìàöì=ðãåîãáî=Ûîî=ÜßðãíåìÛðßî=ãèîß=äì=àöì= æåáîK=

cöì=Ûîî=ßè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáâßî=íåÛææ=àöìßæãááÛ=åìäðí=ã=êìÛåîãåßè= Ûîî=èåáéè=ðãÞîÛáãî=ßè=ðãíí=åîáäìÞ=íéç=ãèèßÜäì=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð= åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ=íÛçî=Ûîî=ÞßèèÛ=åîáäìÞ=éìíÛåÛî=íöåÛèÞßè=ßè= êåðãíÜÛì=íåÛÞÛ=íéç=äì=ßìíäîîèãèáíáãææ=ßèæãáî=hiK=pöåÛèÞßè=çåíîß=àöì= Þéçíîéæßè=ðãíÛ=ßè=îãææìäÝåæãá=áìÛÞ=Ûð=íÛèèéæãåâßî=êå=ÞßííÛ=ÜåÞÛ= êïèåîßì=àöì=Ûîî=àå=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=må=ÞßîîÛ=îãÞãáÛ= íîÛÞãïç=Ûð=êìéÝßííßè=âÛì=íöåÛèÞßè=åèÛêêÛíî=îãææáåèá=îãææ=ßè=íåÞÛè= ïîìßÞèãèá=íéç=åÛè=ÜßâöðÛí=àöì=Ûîî=íîóìåÛ=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=êåíîåßèÞßK=lç= Þßî=åìäðí=àïææ=åæÛìâßî=ã=àìåáÛè=éç=Þßè=êåíîåÞÞÛ=åîáäìÞßè=ãèèßÜäì=ßè= öðßìîìäÞßæíßI=àãèèí=Þßî=ßè=ÜßÛåîÛèíðäìÞ=ìãíå=àöì=Ûîî=Þßî=àöìí=ãè=ßè= ìÛÞ=àìåáéì=ã=êìéÝßííßè=íéç=ãèîß=æäçêÛì=íãá=àöì=Ûîî=æöíÛí=ãèéç=ìÛçßè= àöì=ÞßîîÛ=íæÛáí=äìßèÞßK=aßî=çåíîß=Ûææîíå=ìäÝåÛ=çßÞ=íðÛáÛìß=ÜßðãíJ èãèáK=

aßè=èäìçÛìß=ïîàéìçèãèáßè=Ûð=ÜßðãíåìÛðßî=

péç=åéèíîÛîßìÛîí=íåÛææ=àìåáÛè=éç=ßîî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìåå=àöìßæãááßì= íßí=ã=ßîî=íÛççÛèâÛèáI=Þäì=ßîî=ßèÞÛ=ÜßðãíåìÛð=áäææßì=àöì=ÛææÛ=Ûíêßåîßì= íéç=åÛè=ãèèßàÛîîÛí=ã=àìåáÛèK=sãÞ=ÜßíîäççÛèÞß=Ûð=èãðåè=êå=ÞßîîÛ= ÜßðãíåìÛðI=ÞðíK=âïì=íÛèèéæãåî=Þßî=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=Ûîî=ßîî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ Ûèíêìåå=àöìßæãááßìI=çåíîß=íîéì=ðãåî=àäíîÛí=ðãÞ=Þßè=ãèîìßííßÛððäáèãèá= íéç=èäçèîí=éðÛèK=f=íðßèíå=ìäîî=àöìßåéççßì=ã=âïðïÞíÛå=îìß=éæãåÛ= Üßðãíèãðåßì=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=íäåßìâßîíåîáäìÞßìI=ãèîßìãçãíîãíåÛ=Üßíæïî= éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=âÛèÞæäááèãèáíÜßíæïî=íéç=àöìßáåì=Þßè=íæïîæãáÛ=êìöðèãèáßè= Ûð=ßè=íÛåK=aßè=æäáíîÛ=Üßðãíèãðåè=äì=Ûîî=”Þßî=àãèèí=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûîî=ÛèîÛ”= èåáéîK=bîî=èåáéî=âöáìß=ÜßðãíåìÛð=äì=Ûîî=èåáéî=”íåäæãáßè=åÛè=ÛèîÛí”I= çßÞÛè=Þßè=âöáíîÛ=èãðåè=íéç=ãèèßÜäì=ÜßðãíæäîîèÛÞ=äì=Ûîî=Þßî=ðãíÛí= ”íÛèèéæãåÛ=íåäæ”=àöì=èåáéîK=aß=èï=èäçèÞÛ=åìÛðßè=åÛè=ïîîìóÝåÛí=êå= éæãåÛ=íäîîK=_ßðãíèãðåè=”íÛèèéæãåÛ=íåäæ”=àåìI=çßÞ=ÜßÛåîÛèÞß=Ûð=äèÞÛJ çåæßî=çßÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèI=Ûèíßí=æãááÛ=àöì=âöáîK=sãÞ=ÞßèèÛ=ÜßðãíJ èãðå=åÛè=íäåßìâßîíåîáäìÞßì=ßèæãáî=NR=åÛêK=P=§=o_=ÛåîïÛæãíßìÛíK=

lç=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=åÛè=àÛîîÛí=ðãÞ=ßè=æäáìß=áìÛÞ= Ûð=íÛèèéæãåâßî=äè=”íÛèèéæãåÛ=íåäæ”I=åÛè=íöåÛèÞßè=íäåìÛ=Þßè=ÜßðãíJ èãèá=íéç=áöì=Þßî=çöäæãáî=àöì=âéèéç=Ûîî=íßèÛìß=êìßÝãíßìÛ=óìåÛèÞßè= éç=îKßòK=íäåßìâßîíåîáäìÞßì=éÝâ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞK=aßè=æäáíîÛ=Üßðãíèãðåè=–= ”Þßî=àãèèí=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûîî=ÛèîÛ”=–=ÛèðäèÞí=ã=ÜæKÛK=QT=§=hi=èäì=Þßî= áäææßì=ðãæåßè=áìÛÞ=Ûð=çãííîÛèåß=éç=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=ðãííÛ=ÜßíîäçJ çßæíßì=ã=hi=íéç=åìäðí=àöì=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=bè=íåÞÛè= ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àöìßîßì=íîéìÛ=æãåâßîßì=çßÞ=Þßè=èï=àöìßíæÛáèÛ=ÜßðãíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK=sãÞ=Üßíæïî=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ßèæãáî=QT=§=hi=áßí=

héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=ìäîî=Ûîî=àå=îãææîìäÞß=îãææ=ßîî=àöìßîÛáí=æéåÛæßì=éÝâ=Ûîî= áìÛèíåÛ=ÛààäìíâÛèÞæãèáÛì=íÛçî=îÛ=åéêãéì=êå=ÞßííÛ=ã=íóàîß=Ûîî=ïîìßÞÛ= éç=Þßî=íåßîî=èåáéè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=æÛáßèK=

sãííÛ=áìïèÞæäááÛèÞß=íåãææèÛÞßì=àãèèí=ÞéÝå=çßææÛè=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèá=éÝâ=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=Ûð=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîK=f=Þßî=íßèÛìß= àÛææßî=ïîàöìí=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=êå=ÜßáäìÛè=Ûð=ßè=çóèÞãáâßî=éÝâ=Þãìßåî= îãææ=íåóÞÞ=àöì=ßîî=Ûææçäèî=ãèîìßííßI=èäìçÛìß=Üßíîäçî=Ûîî=ïêêìäîîâåææÛ= ßè=ßààßåîãð=åéèåïììßèíK=_ßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=äì=ßè=åîáäìÞ=íéç= ãèãîãßìÛí=Ûð=ßè=ßèíåãæÞ=íéç=ßîî=æßÞ=ã=Ûîî=Þßèèß=áöì=áäææÛèÞß=ßîî=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞíÛèíêìååK=aßè=âÛì=ã=íãá=íåðäæ=ßè=êìßðßèîãð=íéç=ßè=ìßêÛìÛîãð= àïèåîãéè=éÝâ=îãææáéÞéíßì=ãèÞãìßåî=ßîî=Ûææçäèî=ãèîìßííßK=aßî=äì= ßçßææßìîãÞ=ã=àöìíîÛ=âÛèÞ=àìåáÛ=éç=ßîî=ßèíåãæî=ãèîìßííß=íéç=íîåì=çéî= ßîî=ÛèèÛî=ßèíåãæî=ãèîìßííßK=lç=çÛè=áéÞîÛì=ßîî=íå=æåáî=ÜßðãíåìÛð=àöì= ßè=íåóÞÞíåîáäìÞ=ãèéç=ìÛçßè=àöì=ßè=ÝãðãæêìéÝßíí=àãèèí=Þßî=ßè=ìãíå= àöì=Ûîî=çÛè=ã=åîíåãææãáÛ=íãîïÛîãéèßì=âÛçèÛì=êå=ßè=èãðå=íéç=ãèîß=åÛè= áéÞîÛí=Ûð=ãèîßáìãîßîíJ=éÝâ=ìäîîííäåßìâßîííåäæK=

_ßðãíåìÛðßî=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=äì=ÜæKÛK=Ûð= ÞßííÛ=ãèîßáìãîßîíJ=éÝâ=ìäîîííäåßìâßîííåäæ=âöáìß=äè=ðãÞ=héèåïììßèíJ ðßìåßîí=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛìK=_ßðãíåìÛðßî=äì=Ûîî=”Þßî=íåäæãáßè=åÛè=ÛèîÛí”= Ûîî=èåáéè=âÛì=áäéìî=ßîî=ãèîìåèá=ßææßì=áäéìî=íãá=íåóæÞãá=îãææ=ßîî=íîìÛààJ ÜÛìî=àöìíöå=ßææßì=ßè=íîìÛààÜÛì=àöìÜßìßÞßæíß=îãææ=ãèîìåèáK=^ð=íÛççÛ= íåäæ=Ûèíßì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûîî=ÜßðãíåìÛðßî=àöì=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá= Üöì=ðÛìÛ=æãåÛ=âöáî=íéç=ðãÞ=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ãèéç=ãççÛîßìãÛæJ ìäîîßèí=éçìåÞßI=æåî=ðÛìÛ=Ûîî=ÜßðãíåìÛðßî=äì=æäáìß=ðãÞ=héèåïììßèíJ ðßìåßîí=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛìK=påæßÞßí=Üöì=àöì=Ûîî=ßè=Þéçíîéæ=íåÛææ=ÜãàÛææÛ= ßîî=óìåÛèÞß=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àéìÞìÛí=Ûîî=Þßî=íåäæãáßè=åÛè= ÛèîÛí=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=âÛì=æãÞãî=ßè=íåÛÞÛ=íéç=àöìßîÛáßî=äì=íåóæÞãáî=Ûîî= ßìíäîîÛ=ßèæãáî=hiK=

SKPKR=fèîìßííßÛððäáèãèá=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáW=bîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àåì= àÛîîÛí=ßèÞÛíî=éç=íåäæßè=àöì=åîáäìÞßè=ïêêðäáßì=Þßè=éæäáßèâßî= ßææßì=Þßî=çßè=ã=öðìãáî=íéç=åîáäìÞßè=ãèèßÜäì=àöì=Þßè=íéç=ÞìÛÜÜÛí= Ûð=Þßè=ßææßì=àöì=èåáéî=ÛèèÛî=çéîíîåßèÞß=ãèîìßííßK=

bè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=äì=ßîî=îðåèáíçßÞßæK=aßè=íKåK=êìéêéìîãéèÛæãJ îßîíêìãèÝãêßèI=íéç=ÜæKÛK=åéççßì=îãææ=ïîîìóÝå=ã=OT=åÛêK=N=§=îìßÞäß= íîóÝåßî=éÝâ=OU=åÛêK=P=Û=§=o_I=Üöì=Þäìàöì=îãææäçêÛí=ðãÞ=êìöðèãèáßè= Ûð=éç=åîáäìÞßè=íåÛææ=îãææåîÛíK=aßîîÛ=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåJ

èãèá=àåì=îãææáìãêÛí=ßèÞÛíî=éç=åîáäìÞßè=ïêêðäáßì=Þßî=ãèîìåèá=ßææßì=Þßî= çßè=ã=öðìãáî=íéç=åîáäìÞßè=ãèèßÜäì=àöì=Þßè=íéç=ÞìÛÜÜÛí=Ûð=Þßè=ßææßì= àöì=èåáéî=ÛèèÛî=çéîíîåßèÞß=ãèîìßííßK=f=ðãííÛ=àÛææ=Üöì=Þéçíîéæßè= åïèèÛ=ÜßíæïîÛ=éç=ÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=ðãææåéì=àöì=Ûîî=êìéêéìîãéèÛæãîßî=íåÛææ= ìåÞÛ=çßææÛè=çåæ=éÝâ=çßÞßæK=mìéêéìîãéèÛæãîßîíêìãèÝãêßè=åÛè=ÛèîÛí=âÛ= íäìíåãæÞ=ÜßîóÞßæíß=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=öðßìíåéîîíãèàéìçÛîãéèK=^îî=íåÞÛè= ãèàéìçÛîãéè=íéç=ãèîß=âÛì=çßÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=Ûð=Þßè=åéèåïìJ ìßèíìäîîíæãáÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáâßîßè=Ûîî=áöìÛ=åéççßì=àìÛç=åÛè= ãèèßÜäìÛ=êåîÛáæãáÛ=çßè=àöì=Þßè=íéç=ÞìÛÜÜÛí=Ûð=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK= aßî=áäææßì=íäìíåãæî=àöìßîÛáíâßçæãáâßîßì=éÝâ=íåÞÛèÛ=ïêêáãàîßì=íéç= éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=ÛèéèóçãîßîííåóÞÞßî=ã=Þßè=îìóÝåJ=éÝâ=óîîìÛèÞßàìãâßîíJ ìäîîíæãáÛ=æÛáíîãàîèãèáßèK=

pÛççÛ=éìÞèãèá=áäææßì=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛìK=

SKPKS= pîäææÛèÞß=Ûð=íäåßìâßî=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáW=bè=àöìïîíäîîèãèá=àöì=Ûîî=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç= ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ=çßÞÞßæÛí=äì=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=íîäææßì=íäåßìJ âßî=àöì=Þßè=íåÛÞÛ=íéç=åÛè=îãææàéáÛí=çéîêÛìîßèK=pÛåèÛì=íöåÛèÞßè= àöìçåáÛ=Ûîî=íîäææÛ=íäåßìâßîI=àåì=Þéçíîéæßè=ÞéÝå=ÜßàìãÛ=íöåÛèÞßè= àìåè=ÞßîîÛK=

aßè=íéç=ïîíäîîí=àöì=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=âÛì=ìäîî=îãææ=ßìíäîîèãèá=àöì= íåÛÞÛI=éç=ßè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáâßî=ãèîß=åÛè=ðãíÛíK=aßî=äì=Ûð=íîéì= ÜßîóÞßæíß=Ûîî=åïèèÛ=áÛìÛèîßìÛ=Ûîî=çéîêÛìîßè=ðßìåæãáßè=àåì=Þßè= ßìíäîîèãèá=âÛè=ßææßì=âéè=äì=ÜßìäîîãáÛÞ=îãææK=pöåÛèÞßè=Üöì=Þäìàöì=ðÛìÛ= íåóæÞãá=Ûîî=êå=àöìâÛèÞ=íîäææÛ=íäåßìâßî=àöì=ðÛÞ=âÛè=ßææßì=âéè=åÛè=Üæã= íåóæÞãá=Ûîî=ÜßîÛæÛK=bè=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=éìÞèãèá=áäææßì=ðãÞ=óìåÛèÞß=éç= åðÛìíîÛÞK

18

=bè=àöìïîíäîîèãèá=àöì=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=

Üöì=íåæßÞßí=ðÛìÛ=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=íîäææßì=íäåßìâßî=àöì=Þßè=íåÛÞÛ=íéç= åÛè=îãææàéáÛí=çéîêÛìîßèK=

f=æãåâßî=çßÞ=ðÛÞ=íéç=áäææßì=ðãÞ=åðÛìíîÛÞ=éÝâ=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáÛìI=Üöì=Þßî=àãèèÛí=ßè=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=ÜßàìãÛ=ßè=êÛìî=íéç=ãèîß= àöìçåì=íîäææÛ=íäåßìâßî=àìåè=ÞßèèÛ=íåóæÞãáâßîK=

pÛççÛ=éìÞèãèá=áäææßì=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛìK=

18

15 kap. 6 § RB.

SKPKT= rêêáãàîßì=íéç=íåÛææ=Ûèáßí=ã=Üßíæïîßî=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáW=f=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ= Ûèáßí=äèÞÛçåæßî=çßÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=éÝâ=Þß=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç= àåì=ßàîßìíöåÛíK=lç=Þßî=ÜßâöðíI=íåÛææ=Þéçíîéæßè=éÝåíå=àöìéìÞèÛ= éç=ÛèÞìÛ=ðãææåéì=àöì=ðßìåíîäææÛèÞßîK=

eÛèÞæãèáÛì=

_ßíæïîßî=Üöì=ãèèßâåææÛ=íåÞÛèÛ=ïêêáãàîßì=Ûîî=Þßî=àìÛçáåì=çßÞ=ðãæåÛ= Üßàéáßèâßîßì=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=àåì=áßèéçàöìÛíK=

bè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íóàîÛì=îãææ=Ûîî=íöåÛ=ßàîßì=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=åÛè=âÛ= ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèá=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáâßîßèK=aéçíîéæßèí= Üßíæïî=Üöì=ãèìóççÛ=ðãæåßî=äèÞÛçåæßî=çßÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=íåÛææ= ðÛìÛI=îKßòK=ßàîßìíöåèãèá=Ûð=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=çßÞ=ÛðíßßèÞß=êå=ðãíí=Ûèáãðßè= öðßìîìäÞßæíß=éÝâLßææßì=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=åÛè=ÛèîÛí=âÛ=ÜßîóÞßæíß=íéç= Üßðãí=àöì=ßè=ïîìßÞèãèá=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáâßîßèK=

cöì=Ûîî=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ãèîß=íåÛææ=Üæã=çßì=éçàÛîîÛèÞß=äè= íéç=äì=çéîãðßìÛî=ã=ðÛìäß=ßèíåãæî=àÛææ=Üöì=ã=Üßíæïîßî=äðßè=èäìçÛìß= Ûèáßí=ðãæåÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=íåÛææ=àå=ßàîßìíöåÛíK=aßî=äì=ïêêßèÜÛìî=Ûîî= Þßî=ãèîß=äì=çöäæãáî=Ûîî=ÛææîãÞ=ãÞßèîãàãßìÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛìèÛ=ã=ÞßîÛæäK=aéçJ íîéæßè=Üöì=ÞéÝå=íîìäðÛ=ßàîßì=Ûîî=ïîîìóÝåÛ=íãá=íå=êìßÝãíßìÛî=íéç=çöäJ æãáî=éç=ðãæåÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=àåì=ßàîßìíöåÛíK=aßî=îéìÞß=éàîÛ=ðÛìÛ= èöÞðäèÞãáî=Ûîî=Ûèáß=ßè=âÛèÞæãèá=íéç=ßè=ðãíí=îóê=ßææßì=åÛîßáéìã=Ûð= âÛèÞæãèáÛì=ðãæåßè=ìßæÛîßìÛí=îãææ=îKßòK=ÛààäìíîìÛèíÛåîãéèßì=ÛðíßßèÞß=ßè= çãííîäèåî=öðßìîìäÞßæíßK=mÛìîßìèÛ=Üöì=åïèèÛ=çßÞðßìåÛ=îãææ=Ûîî= Üßíæïîßî=àåì=ßè=æäçêæãá=ïîàéìçèãèáK=

aßè=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßè=Ûîî=Þéçíîéæßè=âÛì=Ûîî=Ûèáß=ðãæåÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì= íéç=àåì=ßàîßìíöåÛí=ãèèßÜäì=ßîî=àìåè=ãèîßáìãîßîíJ=éÝâ=ÞÛîÛíäåßìâßîíJ íóèêïèåî=ðãåîãáî=íåóÞÞ=àöì=ïêêáãàîßì=íéç=àãèèí=æÛáìÛÞß=ã=ÞÛîéìßìK= lç=Þéçíîéæßè=ã=íãîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=âÛì=Ûèáßîî=ðãæåÛ= âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=àåì=ßàîßìíöåÛíI=àåì=Þßî=îãææ=àöæäÞ=Ûîî=åìéèéàéáÞßJ çóèÞãáâßîßè=ðãÞ=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßè=äì=àöìâãèÞìÛÞ=Ûîî=æßîÛ=ßàîßì=ÛèÞìÛ= âÛèÞæãèáÛìK=

ÖðìãáÛ=ðãææåéì=

aéçíîéæßè=Üöì=åïèèÛ=àöìéìÞèÛ=éç=äðßè=ÛèÞìÛ=ðãææåéì=íéç=êìßÝãJ íßìÛì=éÝâ=ÜßáìäèíÛì=ÜßàéáßèâßîßìèÛ=ðãÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK=f=ðãííÛ=àÛææ= åÛè=óîîßìæãáÛìß=ÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=ðãææåéì=ÜßâöðÛí=àöì=Ûîî=êìéêéìîãéèÛæãîßî= íåÛææ=ìåÞÛ=çßææÛè=çåæ=éÝâ=çßÞßæK=aßîîÛ=çéîíðÛìÛì=ðÛÞ=íéç=áäææßì= àöì=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=Ûð=Þéçíîéæí=Üßíæïî=ÛèáåßèÞß=ÝãðãæêìéÝßííïßææÛ= íäåßìâßîíåîáäìÞßìK

19

=bòßçêßæðãí=åÛè=Þéçíîéæßè=íîäææÛ=ïêê=ðãææåéì=

îãææ=íåóÞÞ=àöì=àöìßîÛáíâßçæãáâßîßìK=

lç=Þéçíîéæßè=ÜßíæïîÛì=éç=óîîßìæãáÛìß=ðãææåéì=íåÛææ=ÞßííÛ=íääæðJ àÛææßî=îÛí=ãè=ã=ÜßíæïîßîK=

SKPKU= héççïèãÝßìãèá=çßÞ=êÛìî=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáW=fèèÛè=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá= çßÞÞßæÛí=íåÛææ=çéîêÛìîßè=âÛ=àåîî=îãææàäææß=Ûîî=óîîìÛ=íãáK=aéçJ íîéæßè=àåì=ÞéÝå=ïîÛè=åéççïèãÝßìãèá=çßÞÞßæÛ=ßîî=Üßíæïî=íéç= áäææßì=îãææ=Þßíí=ÛèèÛî=âÛì=ÜßíæïîÛîíI=éç=Þßî=ÛèèÛìí=àãèèí=ßè=ìãíå= Ûîî=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=âÛì=ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=éç=ßìíäîîJ èãèáíÛèíêìååßî=íåÛààÛí=ïèÞÛèI=àöìíîöìí=ßææßì=àöìðÛèíåÛíK= =lç=Üßíæïîßî=àÛîîÛí=ïîÛè=åéççïèãÝßìãèá=íåÛææ=Üßíæïîßî=íäèÞÛí= ßèÞÛíî=îãææ=íöåÛèÞßèK=käì=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ÜöìäÛì=íåÛææ=Þßè=ðßìåJ íîäææÛèÞß=çóèÞãáâßîßè=öðßìæäçèÛ=ßîî=ßòßçêæÛì=Ûð=Üßíæïîßî=îãææ= Þßè=âéí=ðãæåßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=íåÛææ=áßèéçàöìÛíK=

Äðßè=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ãèîß=äì=èåáéè=íäåßìâßîíåîáäìÞ=áäææßì= Üßâéðßî=Ûð=íåóèÞíÛçâßîK=bè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=åÛè=Þäìàöì=ääçJ íîäææÛí=çßÞ=åðÛìíîÛÞ=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=ÝãðãæêìéÝßííïßææÛ=íäåßìâßîíåîáäìÞßìK= bîî=ÞéçíîéæíÜßíæïî=ã=àìåáÛè=çåíîß=íåæßÞßí=àÛîîÛí=íèÛÜÜîK=bîî=Üßíæïî= éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=Üöì=ã=êìãèÝãê=ãèîß=çßÞÞßæÛí=ïîÛè=Ûîî=çéîJ êÛìîßè=âÛì=àåîî=îãææàäææß=Ûîî=óîîìÛ=íãáK=^îî=ÜåÞÛ=êÛìîßì=íåÛææ=âöìÛí=äì=ßè= áìïèÞæäááÛèÞß=ìßáßæ=ã=Þßî=íðßèíåÛ=ìäîîííóíîßçßîK=bçßææßìîãÞ=âÛì= çÛèI=ã=Þß=àÛææ=Þßî=àãèèí=íäìíåãæÞÛ=çéîãð=àöì=ÞßîîÛI=áäéìî=ïèÞÛèîÛá= àìåè=ÞßèèÛ=ìßáßæK=bîî=íåÞÛèî=ïèÞÛèîÛá=âÛì=áäéìîí=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=íäåßìJ âßîíåîáäìÞßìK=påæïèÞÛ=àåì=Þéçíîéæßè=ã=ßîî=äìßèÞß=éç=åðÛìíîÛÞ= çßÞÞßæÛ=ßîî=ãèîßìãçãíîãíåî=Üßíæïî=íéç=áäææßì=îãææ=Þßíí=ÛèèÛî=àöìJ éìÞèÛíK

20

=påÞÛèÛ=ãèîßìãçãíîãíåÛ=àöìéìÞèÛèÞßè=äì=çóÝåßî=ðÛèæãáÛ=ã=

19

Jfr 15 kap. 10 § RB och prop. 1980/81:84 s. 238–239.

20

15 kap. 5 § tredje stycket RB.

äìßèÞßè=éç=åðÛìíîÛÞK=aßîîÛ=âãèÞìÛì=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=Ûîî=ïîáåèáíêïèåîßè= éÝâ=âïðïÞìßáßæè=äì=Ûîî=çéîêÛìîßè=íåÛææ=ÜßìßÞÛí=îãææàäææß=Ûîî=óîîìÛ=íãá= éÝâ=Ûîî=Ûðíîßá=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=çéîãðßìÛí=Ûð=ßòßçêßæðãí=àÛìÛ=ã=ÞìöäíçåæK=

må=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=íäîî=íéç=áäææßì=àöì=íäåßìâßîíåîáäìÞßì=Üöì=Þßî= àãèèÛí=ßè=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=îãææáìãêÛ=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ïîÛè=Ûîî=Þßè= íéç=Ûðíßí=çßÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=àåì=ìßÞÛ=êå=Þßî=ã=àöìðäáK=cöìßæãááßì= àÛìÛ=àöì=Ûîî=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=éçãèîßîáöìí=áßèéç=Ûîî=âÛèÞæãèáÛì= íåÛààÛí=ïèÞÛèI=àöìíîöìí=ßææßì=àöìðÛèíåÛí=éç=çéîêÛìîßè=àåì=ìäîî=Ûîî= óîîìÛ=íãá=öðßì=ÜßáäìÛè=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáI=Üöì=ßîî=Üßíæïî=åïèèÛ=çßÞJ ÞßæÛí=ïîÛè=Ûîî=çéîêÛìîßè=âÛì=ïèÞßììäîîÛîíK=

bàîßì=ßè=äèÞìãèá=Þßè=N=äïæã=NVVU=àåì=ßèæãáî=QV=§=hi=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç= ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=çßÞÞßæÛí=ïîÛè=Ûîî=Þßè=íéç=ÛèíöåÛè=Ûðíßì=àåîî=îãææàäææß= Ûîî=óîîìÛ=íãáI=éç=Þßî=åÛè=ÜßàÛìÛí=Ûîî=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ÛèèÛìí=íåïææß= àöìæéìÛ=ã=ÜßîóÞßæíßK=Äðßè=ðãÞ=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àåì=Üßíæïîßî= çßÞÞßæÛí=ïîÛè=Ûîî=Þßè=íéç=ÛèíöåÛè=Ûðíßì=àåîî=îãææàäææß=Ûîî=óîîìÛ=íãáK= eäì=áäææßì=ÞéÝå=íéç=àöìïîíäîîèãèá=Ûîî=ßîî=Þìöäíçåæ=íåïææß=çßÞàöìÛ= ìãíå=àöì=Ûîî=àöìßçåæ=ßææßì=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=âÛì=ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=ïîìßÞJ èãèá=éç=ãèîìåèáßî=íåÛààÛí=ïèÞÛèI=àöìíîöìí=ßææßì=àöìðÛèíåÛíK=

oßáßæè=éç=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ïîîìóÝåßì=ðäæ=âïì=Þßè=êìöðèãèá= íéç=íåÛææ=áöìÛí=Üöì=íåßK=bè=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=ìßáßæ=Üöì=áäææÛ=àöì= ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=Þäìàöì=Ûîî=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç= ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àåì=çßÞÞßæÛí=ïîÛè=åéççïèãÝßìãèá=éç=Þßî= ÛèèÛìí=àãèèí=ßè=ìãíå=Ûîî=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=âÛì=ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=ïîìßÞJ èãèáßè=éç=ßìíäîîèãèáíÛèíêìååßî=íåÛààÛí=ïèÞÛèI=àöìíîöìí=ßææßì=àöìJ ðÛèíåÛíK=sãÞÛìß=íåÛææ=ã=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=àÛææ=Üßíæïîßî=íäèÞÛí=ßèÞÛíî=îãææ= íöåÛèÞßèK=käì=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ÜöìäÛì=íåÛææ=Þßè=ðßìåíîäææÛèÞß=çóèJ Þãáâßîßè=öðßìæäçèÛ=ßîî=ßòßçêæÛì=Ûð=Üßíæïîßî=îãææ=Þßè=âéí=ðãæåßè= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=íåÛææ=áßèéçàöìÛíK=

aßî=ïèÞßìíöåîÛ=àöìßîÛáßîí=ãèîìßííß=îãææáéÞéíßí=áßèéç=Ûîî=Þßî=åÛè= ÜßáäìÛ=éçêìöðèãèá=Ûð=Üßíæïîßî=âéí=ÞéçíîéæßèI=íéç=Þå=áßèÛíî=åÛè= îÛ=íîäææèãèá=îãææ=éç=Üßíæïîßî=íåÛææ=ÜßíîåK=cöìßîÛáßî=åÛè=Þå=éÝåíå= ÛåîïÛæãíßìÛ=àìåáÛè=éç=íäìíåãæÞÛ=ðãææåéìI=îKßòK=îãææ=íåóÞÞ=àöì=àöìßJ îÛáíâßçæãáâßîßìK=

bàîßìíéç=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßìèÛ=ãèîß=äì=ãèÜæÛèÞÛÞß=ã=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞíçåæßîI=åÛè=Þßî=àöì=ÞßìÛí=ðãÞåéççÛèÞß=ãèîß=âÛ=èåáéè=ÜßîóJ Þßæíß=éç=Üßíæïîßî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àÛîîÛí=ãèèÛè=íðÛìÛèÞßè=âÛì= àåîî=Þßæ=Ûð=íîäçèãèáíÛèíöåèãèáßèK=

SKPKV= qãÞíàìãíî=àöì=ÛèíöåÛè=éç=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáW=bîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=áäææßì= éçßÞßæÜÛìîK=_ßíæïîßî=âÛì=ßè=ÜßáìäèíÛÞ=áãæîãáâßîíîãÞ=êå=îðå= çåèÛÞßìK=

cöì=Ûîî=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=íåÛææ=Üæã=ßè=ßààßåîãð=åîáäìÞ=àöì=Ûîî= ÜßåäçêÛ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=éÝâ=ïîáöìÛ=ßîî=âéî=çéî=íåÞÛèÛ=çåíîß=Þßî= ðÛìÛ=çöäæãáî=àöì=íöåÛèÞßè=Ûîî=ïîÛè=Þìöäíçåæ=àå=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ðßìåíîäææîK=bîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=Üöì=ÞäìJ àöì=áäææÛ=éçßÞßæÜÛìîK=

cöì=Þßè=íéç=Üæãì=àöìßçåæ=àöì=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=äì= Þßî=ðäíßèîæãáî=Ûîî=âÛè=ãèîß=ïèÞßì=èåáéè=æäèáìß=îãÞ=îðãèáÛí=íðäðÛ=ã= éðãííâßî=éç=Üßíæïîßî=íåÛææ=ðßìåíîäææÛíK=péç=ßîî=íåóÞÞ=àöì=Þßè=íéç= Ûðíßí=çßÞ=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Þäìàöì=Ûîî= ÛèíöåÛè=éç=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=íåÛææ=áöìÛí=ãèéç=îðå=çåèÛÞßì=àìåè= ÜßíæïîßîK=aäìßàîßì=áäææßì=ãèîß=Üßíæïîßî=æäèáìßK=sãææ=íöåÛèÞßè=ïîðßìåÛ= ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ßàîßì=Ûîî=áãæîãáâßîíîãÞßè=áåîî=ïî=àåì=ßîî=èóîî=óìåÛèJ Þß=àìÛçíîäææÛí=éç=ÞßîK=

SKPKNM=hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè= áßèéçàöì= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáW=bè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=áßèéçàöìí=Ûð= åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=ã=pîéÝåâéæçK= =hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=åÛè=ÜßáäìÛ=ÜãîìäÞß=ðãÞ=ÜßðãíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáßè=Ûð=íÛååïèèãáÛK= =jéîêÛìîßè=âÛì=ìäîî=Ûîî=îãææåÛææÛ=ßîî=äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞß=ðãÞ=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáßèK= =aßî=ïèÞßìíöåîÛ=àöìßîÛáßî=åÛè=ÜßáäìÛ=Ûîî=àìåáÛè=éç=ðãæåÛ=ïêêJ áãàîßì=íéç=íåÛææ=æäçèÛí=îãææ=íöåÛèÞßè=íåÛææ=êìöðÛí=Ûð=ÞéçíîéæßèK=

^èíðÛìãá=çóèÞãáâßî=

_ßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=Üæãì=æãåíéç=ßè=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ßè=ÝãðãæJ êìéÝßííïßææ=îðåèáíåîáäìÞK=^îî=æåîÛ=ìäîîãáâßîíâÛðÛìßè=íääæð=áöìÛ= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=âéí=íãè=çéîêÛìî=Ûèíåáí=ðãÞ=ãèàöìÛèÞß=Ûð=ãèîìåèáíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ìßÞÛè=Ûð=ÞßîîÛ=íåäæ=ãèîß=åéççÛ=ã=àìåáÛK=bè=íåÞÛè=éìÞJ èãèá=íåïææß=ãèîß=âßææßì=æãááÛ=ã=íöåÛèÞßèí=ãèîìßííßI=ßàîßìíéç=Þßè=

íåïææß=ãèèßÜäìÛ=Ûîî=ÞéåïçßèîÛîãéèßè=Ûð=ðÛÞ=íéç=êåîìäààÛí=ðãÞ= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=íåïææß=àå=ßîî=æåáî=ÜßðãíðäìÞßK=

jöäæãáâßîßè=Ûîî=ïîíß=ßè=éêÛìîãíå=àöììäîîèãèáíçÛè=àöì=Ûîî=ïîàöìÛ= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ÞãíåïîßìÛÞßí=éÝåíåK=lç=çéîêÛìîßè=íåïææß=çéîJ íäîîÛ=íãá=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèI=íåïææß=àöììäîîèãèáíçÛèèßè=ðÛìÛ=âäèðãíÛÞ= îãææ=Ûîî=ÜßáäìÛ=âääæê=Ûð=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßèK=jÛè=Ûèíåá=Ûîî=ßè= Üäîîìß=éìÞèãèá=ðÛì=Ûîî=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=íääæð=éçÜßíöìäßì= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK=aäìãáßèéç=ðÛèè=çÛè=éÝåíå=Þßè=àöìÞßæßè=Ûîî= ìßÞÛè=ÜßàãèîæãáÛ=ìßáæßì=àöì=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=åïèÞß=îãææäçêÛíI=îKßòK= ìäîîßè=Ûîî=ÜßìßÞÛ=íãá=îãææîìäÞß=îãææ=ãàìåáÛðÛìÛèÞß=æéåÛæßì=EO=åÛêK=NT=§= ïîíöåèãèáíÜÛæåßèFK=aäìàöì=ãèàöìÞßí=ìßáæßì=éç=Ûîî=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç= ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ðßìåíîäææí=Ûð=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßèK=

dßèéç=ßè=äèÞìãèá=Þßè=N=äïæã=NVVU=åéèÝßèîìßìÛÞßí=âÛèÞìäÝåJ èãèáßè=ßèæãáî=hi=îãææ=ßè=ßèÞÛ=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîI=hìéèéàéáÞßJ çóèÞãáâßîßè=ã=pîéÝåâéæçK=aßîîÛ=çéîãðßìÛÞßí=çßÞ=Ûîî=åéèåïìJ ìßèíæÛáíîãàîèãèáßè=ã=çåèáÛ=àÛææ=ïîáöì=ßîî=åéçêæãÝßìÛî=ìäîîíéçìåÞß= Þäì=æßÞèãèá=ã=ðãííÛ=àÛææ=ÜæKÛK=íåÛææ=âäçîÛí=àìåè=bdJìäîîßèK=aßî=Ûèíåáí= Þäìàöì=åïèèÛ=ïêêíîå=êìéÜæßç=àöì=çóèÞãáâßîßè=Ûîî=îãææâÛèÞÛâåææÛ= ßìàéìÞßìæãáÛ=êßìíéèÛæìßíïìíßì=ðãÞ=Þßè=ÜßíîäçÞÛ=îãÞêïèåîßè=àöì= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK=påÞÛèÛ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=åïèÞß=éÝåíå=ÛèîÛí=Üæã=àöìJ âåææÛèÞßðãí=íäææíóèîÛI=ðÛìàöì=Þßî=åïèÞß=ãèèßÜäìÛ=êìéÜæßç=àöì=åìéèéJ àéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=Ûîî=åéèîãèïßìæãáî=ïêêìäîîâåææÛ=ßè=âöá=èãðå=êå= åïèíåÛêßìèÛ=ãèéç=ìäîîíéçìåÞßîK=cìåáéì=éç=âÛèÞìäÝåèãèá=ßèæãáî= RO=§=hi=âÛèÞæäááí=íåæßÞßí=Ûð=hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=ã=pîéÝåJ âéæçK=^ð=êìÛåîãíåÛ=íåäæ=Ûèíåáí=Þßî=ðÛìÛ=ßè=àöìÞßæ=éç=çóèÞãáâßîßè= ðÛì=Üßæäáßè=êå=íÛççÛ=éìî=íéç=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîK=aßèèÛ=åìéèéJ àéáÞßçóèÞãáâßî=êìöðÛì=éÝåíå=àìåáéì=íéç=áäææßì=âÛèÞìäÝåèãèá= ßèæãáî=bbpJÛðîÛæßî=éÝâ=bdJìßáæßìèÛ=EæÛáßè=NVVQWNUQR=éç=îãææäçêJ èãèáßè=Ûð=bïìéêßãíåÛ=áßçßèíåÛêßìèÛí=åéèåïììßèíJ=éÝâ=íîÛîííîöÞíJ ìßáæßìFK=Äðßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=Üöì=âÛèÞæäááÛí=Ûð=hìéèéàéáÞßJ çóèÞãáâßîßè=ã=pîéÝåâéæçK=

pÛååïèèãáÛí=çßÞðßìåÛè=

f=çåèáÛ=àÛææI=éÝâ=íäìíåãæî=èäì=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=àãèèí=æÛáìÛÞß=ã=ÞÛîéìßì= íåÛææ=ßàîßìíöåÛíI=îéìÞß=Þßî=ðÛìÛ=ßè=àöìïîíäîîèãèá=àöì=ïèÞßìíöåJ èãèáßèí=ßààßåîãðÛ=áßèéçàöìÛèÞß=Ûîî=ßè=íÛååïèèãá=åÛè=ÛèæãîÛíK= jóèÞãáâßîßè=Üöì=Þäìàöì=àå=ÛèæãîÛ=ÜãîìäÞß=Ûð=íÛååïèèãáÛK=påÞÛèÛ= íÛååïèèãáÛ=íåÛææ=èÛîïìæãáîðãí=ðÛìÛ=éÜßìéßèÞß=ßòêßìîßì=éÝâ=íåæïèÞÛ= àìãíîåßèÞß=àìåè=êÛìîßìèÛK=aßî=Üöì=ðÛìÛ=óîîßìíî=çóèÞãáâßîßè=íéç=

íåÛææ=ÜßíæïîÛ=éç=ðãæåÛ=ßòêßìîßì=íéç=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=íÛååïèèãáÛ=ÜãîìäÞßèK= hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=çåíîß=íåæßÞßí=ã=ðÛìäß=ßèíåãæî=àÛææ=áöìÛ=ßè= íääæðíîäèÞãá=êìöðèãèá=Ûð=ßòêßìîßèí=æäçêæãáâßî=éÝâ=ÜæKÛK=ÜßÛåîÛ=ßðßèJ îïßææÛ=ääðíêìéÜæßçK=

jéîíðÛìÛèÞß=éìÞèãèá=îãææ=Þßè=âäì=àöìßíæÛáèÛ=áäææßì=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß= ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=

jéîêÛìîßèí=ìäîî=Ûîî=îãææåÛææÛ=äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞß=

aßè=íéç=ïîíäîîí=àöì=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=àåì=îãææåÛææÛ=ßîî=äïìãJ Þãíåî=ÜãîìäÞß=Ûîî=èäìðÛìÛ=ðãÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK=bè=íåÞÛè=íåóÞÞíìßáßæ= íóàîÛì=îãææ=Ûîî=Þßè=ïèÞßìíöåîß=íåÛææ=áßí=ßè=íäìíåãæÞ=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=îÛ= îãææ=ðÛìÛ=íãè=ìäîîK=

f=ÛððÛåîÛè=êå=Ûîî=ÜãîìäÞßî=ãèíîäææßì=íãá=àåì=ãèîß=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßè= êåÜöìäÛíK=aßîîÛ=áäææßì=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=éç=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ÞäìãJ áßèéç=éèöÞãáî=àöìÞìöäí=ßææßì=Þßî=àãèèí=ßè=ìãíå=Ûîî=äèÞÛçåæßî=çßÞ= åîáäìÞßè=ÛèèÛìí=ãèîß=ïêêèåíK=

bèæãáî=RO=§=hi=áäææßì=Þßæðãí=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìïîíäîîèãèáÛìK=käì=héèåïìJ ìßèíðßìåßî=íåÛææ=áßèéçàöìÛ=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=âÛì=Þßè=âéí=ðãæåßè= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=íåÛææ=áßèéçàöìÛí=ìäîî=Ûîî=îãææåÛææÛ=ßîî=äïìãÞãíåî= ÜãîìäÞßK=f=ÛððÛåîÛè=êå=Ûîî=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=ÜãîìäÞß=ãèíîäææßì=íãá=àåì=ãèîß= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ÜöìäÛK=aßîîÛ=áäææßì=ÞéÝå=ãèîßI=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè= Þäìãáßèéç=éèöÞãáî=àöìÞìöäíI=ßææßì=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=âÛì=ÜßíæïîÛîí= ïîÛè=Ûîî=åéççïèãÝßìãèá=âÛì=íåßîî=çßÞ=Þßè=íéç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè= Ûðíßì=EQV=§FK=f=Ûðíèãîî=VKOKO=àöìßíæåì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûîî=RO=§=hi=äèÞìÛí= íå=Ûîî=Þßè=àåì=íÛççÛ=ãèèßÜöìÞ=íéç=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=Üßíîäççßæíß=àöì= ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=Äðßè=ðãÞ=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=Üöì=ÞßîîÛ=áäææÛK=

qãææäçêæãáÛ=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîíìßáæßì=

aß=ÛææçäèèÛ=ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=éç=àöìàÛìÛèÞßî=ðãÞ=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=âéí= ßè=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßî=àãèèí=ã=N–P=åÛêK=ïîíöåèãèáíÜÛæåßè=éÝâ= ÞßííÛ=Üßíîäççßæíßì=Üöì=îãææäçêÛí=äðßè=ðãÞ=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=Ûð=ßîî= Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=

f=Q–NR=åÛêK=ïîíöåèãèáíÜÛæåßè=àãèèí=Üßíîäççßæíßì=àöì=íåÞÛè=ðßìåJ íîäææãáâßî=íéç=Ûðíßì=ãèÞìãðèãèá=Ûð=àéìÞìãèáÛìK=f=NS=åÛêK=ïîíöåèãèáíJ ÜÛæåßè=àãèèí=Üßíîäççßæíßì=éç=ÛèèÛè=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîK=_ßíîäççßæJ íßìèÛ=ã=NS=åÛêK=N–V=§§=áäææßì=ßèÞÛíî=ÛðâóíèãèáK=fèîß=âßææßì=NS=åÛêK= NM=§=Üßâöðßì=ðÛìÛ=îãææäçêæãá=ðãÞ=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=Ûð=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=

ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=f=Þßè=êÛìÛáìÛàßè=àãèèí=ßè=ÜßâöìãáâßîíìßáßæI= çßè=àöì=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ=áäææÛ=ßè=íäìíåãæÞ=ÜßâöìãáâßîíìßáßæK=

bèæãáî=NS=åÛêK=NN=§=íåÛææ=íéç=âïðïÞìßáßæ=íðÛìÛèÞßè=ïèÞßììäîîÛí= ãèèÛè=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=íéç=ãèîß=Ûðíßì=åðÛìíîÛÞ=ßææßì=ÛèèÛè=íäåßìJ âßîíåîáäìÞ=íåßìK=lç=íÛåßè=äì=ÜìåÞíåÛèÞßI=àåì=ÞéÝå=åìéèéàéáÞßJ çóèÞãáâßîßè=áßèÛíî=ðãÞîÛ=ßè=Üßâöðæãá=åîáäìÞK=bè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåJ èãèá=åÛè=ãèîß=Ûèíßí=ðÛìÛ=ßè=íäåßìâßîíåîáäìÞI=ßàîßìíéç=åîáäìÞßè=ãèîß= íóàîÛì=îãææ=Ûîî=îìóááÛ=ßè=àìÛçîãÞÛ=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîK=döìí=êÛìÛáìÛàßè= éçßÞßæÜÛìî=îãææäçêæãá=åéççßì=ßîî=ïèÞÛèîÛá=àìåè=ïèÞßììäîîßæíßíåóæJ Þãáâßîßè=ßèÞÛíî=Ûîî=áäææÛ=àÛææ=Þäì=íÛåßè=äì=ÜìåÞíåÛèÞßK=Äðßè=éç=çÛè= ã=ÞßîîÛ=ïîîìóÝå=Üöì=æäíÛ=ãè=äðßè=Þßî=àÛææßî=Ûîî=”ßáßèÞéçßè=íîãÝåí= ïèÞÛè=ßææßì=íÛåßè=ßæäßíî=ãèîß=îåæ=Þìöäíçåæ”

21

=àãèèí=Þßî=íåäæ=Ûîî=àöì=

ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=ðäæäÛ=ßè=íäìíåãæÞ=æöíèãèá=Ûð=åéççïèãÝßìãèáíJ àìåáÛèK=aßè=Üöì=áå=ïî=êå=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßèí=çéîêÛìî=ãèîß=íåÛææ=ïèÞßìJ ìäîîÛí=àöìß=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßè=ã=Þß=àÛææ=Þäì=Üßíæïîßî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåJ èãèá=âÛì=îãææåéççãî=ïîÛè=âÛèí=ßææßì=âßèèßí=âöìÛèÞßK=eÛì=Üßíæïîßî= éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=îãææåéççãî=ßàîßì=íöåÛèÞßèí=âöìÛèÞß=Üöì= ÞéÝå=íöåÛèÞßè=ïèÞßììäîîÛí=àöìß=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßèK=

héíîèÛÞßìèÛ=àöì=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßèí=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=Ûð=ßè= ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=Üöì=ßèæãáî=ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ã=NT=åÛêK=N–R=§§= ïîíöåèãèáíÜÛæåßè=îÛí=ïî=íéç=àöììäîîèãèáíåéíîèÛÞßì=ã=àéìç=Ûð=éæãåÛ= ïîíöåèãèáíÛðáãàîßìK=påÞÛèÛ=Ûðáãàîßì=íåÛææ=àïææî=ïî=çéîíðÛìÛ=Þß=åéíîJ èÛÞßì=íéç=çóèÞãáâßîßè=âÛì=àöì=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßèK=aßè=íéç=Üßáäì= ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=Ûð=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáI=ÞðíK=íöåÛèÞßèI=ÛèíðÛìÛì=çéî= íîÛîßè=àöì=ÞßííÛ=åéíîèÛÞßìI=ðãæåÛ=íåÛææ=àöìíåéîîßìÛí=éç=åìéèéJ àéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=Üßáäì=ÞßîK

22

bè=êìãèÝãê=ã=íðßèíå=ïîíöåèãèáíìäîî=äì=Ûîî=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=éÝåíå=Ûð= ÛèèÛî=äè=Þßî=íéç=Ûðíßì=ÜßîÛæèãèáííåóæÞãáâßî=íåßì=êå=çéîêÛìîßèí= ÜßåéíîèÛÞ=éÝâ=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=ãèîß=Üßâöðßì=àìÛçíîäææÛ=èåáéî=óìåÛèÞß= éç=ÞßîîÛ=àöì=Ûîî=ìßáßæè=íåÛææ=îãææäçêÛí=ðãÞ=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßèK=aßèèÛ= ìßáßæ=éç=Ûîî=àöììäîîèãèáíåéíîèÛÞßìèÛ=áßèÛíî=àåì=îÛí=ïî=âéí=çéîJ êÛìîßè=áäææßì=ßçßææßìîãÞ=ãèîß=àöì=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=Ûð=Üßíæïî=éç=åðÛìíîÛÞ= ßææßì=ÛèÞìÛ=íäåßìâßîíåîáäìÞßìK

23

=påäæßî=îãææ=ÞßîîÛ=äì=Ûîî=Þßî=êå=ÞßîîÛ=

íîÛÞãïç=ãèîß=äì=åæÛìæÛáî=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=âÛì=èåáéî=Ûèíêìåå=çéî= íðÛìÛèÞßèK=bìíäîîèãèá=àöì=åéíîèÛÞßè=åÛè=ßçßææßìîãÞ=îãææßìåäèèÛí= åäìÛèÞßè=íéç=ßè=ìäîîßáåèáíåéíîèÛÞ=ã=Þßî=çåæ=ðÛìã=Ûèíêìååßî=êìöðÛíK= bàîßìíéç=ßìíäîîèãèá=àöì=ìäîîßáåèáíåéíîèÛÞ=àïææî=ïî=íåÛææ=çéîíðÛìÛ= åéíîèÛÞßè=àöì=ÜæKÛK=ìäîîßáåèáßèí=àöìÜßìßÞÛèÞß=éÝâ=îÛæÛèí=

21

Se prop. 1980/81:8 s. 796 f.

22

Jfr 17 kap.2 och 5 §§utsökningsbalken.

23

17 kap. 8 § första stycket utsökningsbalken.

ïîàöìÛèÞß

24

=ãèèßÜäì=Þßî=Ûîî=åäìÛèÞßè=âÛì=ìäîî=Ûîî=óìåÛ=ßìíäîîèãèá=

éÝåíå=àöì=åéíîèÛÞßìèÛ=àöì=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßè=Ûð=Üßíæïîßî=éç=ÜßðãíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=

bàîßìíéç=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=áßèéçàöìí=êå=ßîî=íîÛÞãïç=Þå=Þßî= ãèîß=äì=åæÛìæÛáî=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=âÛì=èåáéî=Ûèíêìåå=êå=çéîêÛìîßèI=Üöì= íÛççÛ=êìãèÝãêßì=íéç=ðãÞ=åðÛìíîÛÞ=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=íäåßìâßîíåîáäìÞßì= áäææÛK=^ð=Þßè=ÛèæßÞèãèáßè=Üöì=Ûð=ìßáæßìèÛ=ã=NT=åÛêK=ïîíöåèãèáíJ ÜÛæåßè=ßèÞÛíî=ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=éç=íöåÛèÞßèí=ÛèíðÛì=àöì=åéíîèÛÞJ ßìèÛ=ðÛìÛ=îãææäçêæãáÛ=ðãÞ=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=Ûð=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáK=Äðßè=éç=Þßî=çßÞ=âäèíóè=îãææ=èÛîïìßè=âéí=Þßè=ðßìåíîäææãáJ âßî=íéç=åÛè=åéççÛ=ã=àìåáÛ=åèÛêêÛíî=åÛè=Üæã=Ûåîïßææî=çßÞ=èåáéî= öðßìåæÛáÛèÞß=Ûð=ßîî=Üßíæïî=íéç=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=àÛîîÛì=ðãÞ= ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßè=Ûð=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=Üöì=ßè=âäèðãíJ èãèá=áöìÛí=äðßè=îãææ=ìßáæßìèÛ=ã=NU=åÛêK=ïîíöåèãèáíÜÛæåßèK=

rîöðßì=N–P=åÛêKI=NT=åÛêK=N–R=§§=íÛçî=NU=åÛêK=ïîíöåèãèáíÜÛæåßè= Üöì=ðãííÛ=Üßíîäççßæíßì=ã=ïîíöåèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=ENVUVWVUNF=ðÛìÛ= îãææäçêæãáÛ=ðãÞ=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßèK=aßî=áäææßì=ìßáæßì=éç=ÛèíöåÛèI= êìéîéåéææ=öðßì=àöììäîîèãèáI=çKçK=

aéåïçßèîÛîãéè=çKçK=

hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=Üöì=ãèîß=âÛ=Üßàéáßèâßî=Ûîî=ÛðæäáíèÛ=èåáìÛ= éìãáãèÛæâÛèÞæãèáÛì=àìåè=Þß=æéåÛæßì=íéç=ïèÞßìíöåíK=aßîîÛ=íåïææß= çßÞàöìÛ=Ûææîàöì=íîéì=ìãíå=àöì=íåÛÞÛ=àöì=Þßè=íéç=ÞìÛÜÜÛí=Ûð=åîáäìÞßèK=

sãÞ=àöììäîîèãèáßè=Üöì=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=âÛ=ìäîî=Ûîî=îÛ= åéêãéì=Ûð=éÝâ=áöìÛ=ïîÞìÛá=ïì=âÛèÞæãèáÛìK=hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè= íåÛææ=àöìÛ=ßîî=êìéîéåéææ=öðßì=ðÛÞ=íéç=åéççßì=àìÛç=ðãÞ=ðßìåíîäææãáJ âßîßè=éÝâ=ÞäìðãÞ=àöìîßÝåèÛ=Þß=åéêãéì=ßææßì=ïîÞìÛá=Ûð=âÛèÞæãèáÛì= íéç=áöìíK=mìéîéåéææßî=çåíîß=àäìÞãáíîäææÛí=éçßÞßæÜÛìî=ã=íÛçÜÛèÞ= çßÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèí=ÛðíæïîÛèÞß=àöì=Ûîî=íèÛìÛíî=åïèèÛ=ðÛìÛ=îãææJ áäèáæãáî=àöì=êÛìîßìèÛ=ã=äìßèÞßî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK=oßáæßì= âäìéç=àãèèí=ã=P=åÛêK=ïîíöåèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=ENVUNWVUNFI=íéç=Üöì= ðÛìÛ=îãææäçêæãá=àöì=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=käì=êìéîéåéææßî=äì=àäìÞãáJ íîäææî=íåÛææ=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßè=Ûèíßí=ÛðíæïîÛÞK=

iãåíéç=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=äì=Þßî=ãèîß=çéîãðßìÛî= Ûîî=Þßè=íéç=äì=àöìßçåæ=àöì=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=åæäááí=ßè=íåóæÞãáJ âßî=Ûîî=íîäææÛ=àéîéåéêãßìãèáíçÛíåãèßì=ßææßì=ÛèèÛè=ïîìïíîèãèá=îãææ= àöìàéáÛèÞßK=pÛççÛ=éìÞèãèá=áäææßì=äðßè=ðãÞ=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛìK=

24

18 kap. 8 § RB.

rîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=Ûîî=çÛîßìãÛæßî=–=àöìïîéç=Ûîî=Þßî=àöìîßÝåèÛí= ã=êìéîéåéææßî=éÝâ=Þßî=ÞäìçßÞ=Üæãì=åäèî=ðÛÞ=íéç=åéêãßìÛîí=ßîÝK=–= íåÛææ=àöìðÛìÛí=âéí=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=éÝâ=Þäì=âåææÛí=îãææáäèáJ æãáî=àöì=ÜåÞÛ=êÛìîßìK=

aßîîÛ=áäææßì=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=

pßåìßîßííàìåáéì=

dßèéçàöìÛèÞßî=Ûð=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=åÛè=ãèèßÜäìÛ=Ûîî=åìéèéàéáÞßJ çóèÞãáâßîßè=àåì=ãèàéìçÛîãéè=íéç=ãèîß=âÛì=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=Þßî=ßìíäîîJ èãèáíÛèíêìåå=íéç=âÛì=àöìÛèæßîî=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK=påÞÛè=ãèàéìçÛîãéè= åÛè=îKßòK=ìöìÛ=ÛààäìíJ=éÝâ=ÞìãàîàöìâåææÛèÞßè=ã=ßè=èäìãèáíãÞåÛìßí= ìöìßæíß=íéç=Þßèèß=âåææßì=âßçæãáÛ=éÝâ=ðÛìí=ìöäÛèÞß=íåïææß=çßÞàöìÛ= íåÛÞÛ=àöì=âéèéçK=aßî=åÛè=ãèîß=âßææßì=ïîßíæïîÛí=Ûîî=ðãÞ=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåJ èãèá=ïêêáãàîßì=éç=èåáéè=ßèíåãæÞí=êßìíéèæãáÛ=àöìâåææÛèÞßè=åÛè=Üæã= îãææáäèáæãáÛ=àöì=çóèÞãáâßîßèK=

bèæãáî=V=åÛêK=NV=§=íßåìßîßííæÛáßè=ENVUMWNMMF=áäææßì=íßåìßîßíí= ãèéç=ßòßåïîãéèíðäíßèÞßî=ã=çåæ=ßææßì=äìßèÞß=ÛèáåßèÞß=ïîíöåèãèá= éÝâ=ãèÞìãðèãèá=íÛçî=ã=ðßìåíÛçâßî=ßèæãáî=æÛáßè=ENVUSWQPSF=éç= èäìãèáíàöìÜïÞI=àöì=ïêêáãàî=éç=ßèíåãæÞí=êßìíéèæãáÛ=ßææßì=ßåéèéçãíåÛ= àöìâåææÛèÞßèI=éç=Þßî=ãèîß=íîåì=åæÛìî=Ûîî=ïêêáãàîßè=åÛè=ìöäÛí=ïîÛè=Ûîî= Þßè=ßèíåãæÞß=ßææßì=èåáéè=âéèéç=èäìíîåßèÞß=æãÞßì=íåÛÞÛ=ßææßì=çßèK= pßåìßîßííßè=áäææßì=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=ïêêáãàî=éç=àöìêæãåîßæíß=íéç=Ûðíßí=çßÞ= Þßè=íöåîÛ=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßè= –=ã=ßîî=êåáåßèÞß=çåæI=ßææßì= –=ã=ßîî=ÛðíæïîÛî=çåæI=éç=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=àöì=ÛèèÛè=àöìêæãåîßæíß=íöåí=

ãèéç=îðå=åì=ßææßì=éç=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=îãÞãáÛìß=íöåîí=éÝâ=ïêêáãàîßè= ãèîß=äì=äæÞìß=äè=îðå=åìK=

pßåìßîßíí=áäææßì=ãèîß=âßææßì=Üßíæïî=ã=ßîî=çåæ=ßææßì=äìßèÞßK=

sÛÞ=Þßî=áäææßì=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=àöìâåææÛèÞßè=îéìÞß=çÛè=åïèèÛ=ïîáå= àìåè=Ûîî=íåÛÞßìßåðãíãîßî=äì=ïêêàóææî=éç=îKßòK=Ûààäìíïêêáöìßæíßì=Ûð= ÜßîóÞßæíßI=ÛààäìíàöìÜãèÞßæíßì=ßææßì=ãèðßíîßìãèáíêæÛèßì=ìöäíK=aßîJ íÛççÛ=îéìÞß=áäææÛ=éç=ãèàéìçÛîãéèßè=ìöì=íåÞÛèÛ=åðÛæãàãÝßìÛÞß=ïêêJ áãàîßì=éç=ÛààäìíJ=ßææßì=ÞìãàîàöìâåææÛèÞßè=Ûîî=Þß=åÛè=ÜßîßÝåèÛí=íéç= àöìßîÛáíâßçæãáâßîßìK=

^îî=íßåìßîßííßè=íåÛææ=ãÛåîîÛí=Ûð=Þßè=íéç=äì=ÛèíîäææÞ=âéí=åìéèéJ àéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=àìÛçáåì=Ûð=N=åÛêK=S=§=íßåìßîßííæÛáßèK=sÛÞ=áäææßì= Þå=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=íåÞÛèÛ=ïîéçíîåßèÞß=íÛååïèèãáÛ=íéç=çóèÞãáâßîßè= àåì=ÛèæãîÛ=àöì=Ûîî=áßèéçàöìÛ=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá\=aßî=èäçèÞÛ=æÛáJ

ìïççßî=ã=íßåìßîßííæÛáßè=Ûèáßì=Ûîî=ßè=êßìíéè=íéç=êå=áìïèÞ=Ûð=ßîî= ïêêÞìÛá=âéí=çóèÞãáâßîßè=àöì=Þßî=ÛææçäèèÛí=ìäåèãèá=ÞßæîÛì=ßææßì=âÛì= ÞßæîÛáãî=ã=çóèÞãáâßîßèí=ðßìåíÛçâßî=éÝâ=ÞäìðãÞ=àåîî=åäèèßÞéç=éç= ïêêáãàîßè=íåÛææ=ãÛåîîÛ=íßåìßîßííK=pßåìßîßííæÛáßè=äì=Þäìàöì=îãææäçêæãá= êå=íåÞÛèÛ=êßìíéèßì=íéç=âÛì=ïêêÞìÛá=âéí=ßè=çóèÞãáâßî=éÝâ=íéç= âÛì=ßè=íåÞÛè=Ûèåèóîèãèá=îãææ=çóèÞãáâßîßè=Ûîî=Þß=åÛè=íäáÛí=ÞßæîÛ=ã= ðßìåíÛçâßîßèK=eïìïðãÞÛ=ïêêÞìÛáßî=äì=àöìàÛîîèãèáíìßáæßìÛî=ßææßì= ìßèî=Ýãðãæìäîîíæãáî=ÜÛíßìÛî=Ûèíßí=ðÛìÛ=ïîÛè=ÜßîóÞßæíßK=f=Ûææçäèâßî=åÛè= çÛè=éÝåíå=ÛèîÛ=Ûîî=ßè=ïêêÞìÛáíîÛáÛìß=âÛì=Þßè=ÜßâöðæãáÛ=ÛèåèóîJ èãèáßè=îãææ=ßè=ðãíí=çóèÞãáâßîI=éç=Þßè=ïêêáãàî=íéç=âÛè=íåÛææ=ïîàöìÛ= ðÛèæãáßè=íåÛææ=àïææáöìÛí=Ûð=ßè=îääèíîßçÛè=ßææßì=èåáéè=ÛèèÛè=ÜßàÛîîJ èãèáíâÛðÛìß=ðãÞ=çóèÞãáâßîßè=ßææßì=ã=ðÛìäß=àÛææ=èÛîïìæãáßè=íåïææß= åïèèÛ=âÛèÞâÛí=Ûð=ßè=íåÞÛè=ÜßàÛîîèãèáíâÛðÛìßK=bè=íÛååïèèãá=íéç= ÛèæãîÛí=àöì=Ûîî=ÜãîìäÞÛ=ðãÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=åÛè=åèÛêêÛíî=Ûèíßí= âÛèÞæÛ=ã=ßáßî=èÛçè=éÝâ=ïîåî=àìÛçíîå=íéç=ïîìïíîÛÞ=çßÞ=ßáßè= åéçêßîßèíK=eÛè=àåì=ã=íîäææßî=Ûèíßí=ïîàöìÛ=ßè=ïêêáãàî=íéç=èÛîïìæãáßè= íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=âÛèÞâÛí=Ûð=çóèÞãáâßîßèí=îääèíîßçäèK=

jéî=ÞßèèÛ=ÜÛåáìïèÞ=îéìÞß=Þßî=ãèîß=ÜßâöðÛí=èåáìÛ=íäìíåãæÞÛ= ìßáæßì=éç=îóíîèÛÞíêæãåî=àöì=ïîéçíîåßèÞß=íÛååïèèãáÛ=íéç=ÞßæîÛì=ã= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK=

bè=íäìíåãæÞ=àìåáÛ=áäææßì=ìãíåßè=àöì=Ûîî=ÛèèÛè=åäèíæãá=ãèàéìçÛîãéè= âéí=Þßî=ïèÞßìíöåîÛ=àöìßîÛáßî=äè=íåÞÛè=íéç=ìöì=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáJ âßîßè=åéççßì=îãææ=íöåÛèÞßèí=åäèèßÞéçK=cöì=Ûîî=ìãíåßè=íåÛææ=çéîJ ðßìåÛí=äì=Þßî=ðãåîãáî=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=ã=íãè=ÛèíöåÛè=èéáÛ=êìßÝãíßìÛì=ðÛÞ= íéç=íåÛææ=ßàîßìíöåÛí=ðãÞ=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK=aå=åÛè=Þéçíîéæßè= ïîàäìÞÛ=îóÞæãáÛ=Üßíæïî=íå=Ûîî=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=ðßî=ðÛÞ=Þßè= íåÛææ=ßàîßìíöåÛ=âéí=àöìßîÛáßîK=

póàîßî=çßÞ=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=äì=äï=Ûîî=Üßðãíèãèá=íåÛææ=íäåìÛí= íéç=íöåÛèÞßè=âÛì=èóîîÛ=Ûð=àöì=Ûîî=åïèèÛ=áöìÛ=ßîî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ Ûèíêìåå=áäææÛèÞß=çéî=Þßî=ïèÞßìíöåîÛ=àöìßîÛáßîK=^ææî=ÜßðãíçÛîßìãÛæ= íéç=éçâäèÞßìîÛí=Ûð=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=éÝâ=íéç=æãááßì=ãèéç= ìÛçßè=àöì=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=íåÛææ=íääæðåæÛìî=âåææÛí=îãææáäèáæãáî= àöì=íöåÛèÞßèK=aßî=äì=äï=íääæðÛ=êéäèáßè=çßÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK=aßî=äì= Þäìßçéî=ãèîß=çßèãèáßè=Ûîî=ÛèèÛè=ãèàéìçÛîãéè=íåÛææ=åéêãßìÛí=éÝâ= âÛçèÛ=ã=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßèí=ÛåîK=

lç=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=åéêãßìÛì=ßèÞÛíî=íåÞÛèÛ=ïêêáãàîßì= íéç=âöì=îãææ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèí=àöìßçåæ=ïêêíîåì=ãèáÛ=êìéÜæßçK= rèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=åéççßì=ÞéÝå=çåèáÛ=áåèáßì=Ûîî=åìäðÛ=ßè=Þßæ= ßàîßìÛìÜßîß=àöì=Ûîî=èäìçÛìß=ÛèÛæóíßìÛ=ðÛÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=âÛì=áßîî= àöì=ìßíïæîÛîK=pÛççÛ=âÛèÞæãèá=åÛè=Þßííïîéç=ãèèßâåææÛ=ÜåÞß=ïêêJ áãàîßì=ìöìÛèÞß=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáâßîßè=éÝâ=ïêêáãàîßì=ìöìÛèÞß=âßæî=

ÛèÞìÛ=àöìâåææÛèÞßè=íéç=ÜßâÛèÞæÛì=ÛààäìíâßçæãáâßîßìK=aß=âÛèÞæãèáÛì= íéç=çóèÞãáâßîßè=îÛì=çßÞ=íãá=Üæãì=ãèåéçèÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=âéí=çóèÞãáJ âßîßè=éÝâ=ïîáöì=ÞäìçßÞ=ÛææçäèèÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛìK=^îî=ÜßáìäèíÛ=ðßìåJ íîäææãáâßîßè=íå=Ûîî=Þßè=éçàÛîîÛì=ßòÛåî=Þßî=íéç=ìöì=àöìßçåæßî=àöì= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=çßè=ãèáßî=çßì=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=íðåìîI=ðãíÛì=ßìàÛìßèâßîßìèÛ= àìåè=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=ãèéç=ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîßèK=

påÞÛè=åäèíæãá=ãèàéìçÛîãéè=ïîöðßì=àöìßçåæßî=àöì=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè= íéç=âÛçèÛì=ã=Ûåîßè=Üöì=èÛîïìæãáîðãí=ãèîß=åéççÛ=íöåÛèÞßè=îãææ=ÞßæK= ^îî=”àßæ”=ïêêáãàîßì=æäçèÛí=ïî=åÛè=ïèÞðãåÛí=áßèéç=Ûîî=Þß=ïêêáãàîßì= íéç=ãèîß=öðßìßèííîäççßì=çßÞ=àöìßçåæßî=àöì=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè= âßæî=ßèåßæî=âåææí=åîíåãæÞÛ=ã=Ûåîßè=àìåè=Þß=ïêêáãàîßì=íéç=íöåÛèÞßè=âÛì= ìäîî=Ûîî=àå=Þßæ=ÛðK=aß=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=ðãÞ=ßè=áßèéçáåèá=Ûð=çÛîßìãÛJ æßî=âéí=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=ðãíÛì=íãá=àÛææÛ=ïîÛèàöì=àöìßçåæßî=àöì= ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=íåÛææ=ãèîß=ïîæäçèÛí=îãææ=íöåÛèÞßèI=ïèÞßì=àöìïîJ íäîîèãèá=Ûîî=Þßî=ìöì=ïêêáãàîßì=éç=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=àöìâåææÛèÞßè=éÝâ=éç= Þßî=ãèîß=íîåì=åæÛìî=Ûîî=ïêêáãàîßè=åÛè=ìöäÛí=ïîÛè=Ûîî=Þßè=ßèíåãæÞß=ßææßì= èåáéè=âéèéç=èäìíîåßèÞß=æãÞßì=íåÛÞÛ=ßææßì=çßè=E=äàì=V=åÛêK=NV=§= íßåìßîßííæÛáßè=éðÛèFK=

péç=ßè=ìäîîííåóÞÞíáÛìÛèîã=àöì=Þßî=ïèÞßìíöåîÛ=àöìßîÛáßî=Üöì=áäææÛ= Ûîî=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=íåÛææ=æåîÛ=Þßî=ïèÞßìíöåîÛ=àöìßîÛáßî=îÛ= Þßæ=Ûð=çóèÞãáâßîßèí=ÜßÞöçèãèá=Ûð=ðãæåÛ=ïêêáãàîßì=íéç=åÛè=æäçèÛí= ïî=îãææ=íöåÛèÞßèK=cìåáÛ=Üöì=éÝåíå=åïèèÛ=âäèíåäïîÛí=îãææ=Þßè=Þéçíîéæ= íéç=çßÞÞßæÛî=Üßíæïîßî=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèI=éç=ãèîß=Þßî=ïèÞßìJ íöåîÛ=àöìßîÛáßî=èöäßì=íãá=çßÞ=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßèí=ÜßÞöçJ èãèáK=aßè=àöìÞìöäèãèá=íéç=öðßìêìöðèãèáßè=åÛè=æßÞÛ=îãææ=îéìÞß=ðäæ= åïèèÛ=çéîãðßìÛí=Ûð=àöìßîÛáßîí=Üßâéð=Ûð=Ûîî=åïèèÛ=àå=ìãçæãáÛ=ìäîîíJ íäåßìâßîíáÛìÛèîãßì=àöì=Ûîî=ãèîß=”àßæ”=ïêêáãàîßì=åéççßì=ã=éìäîîÛ= âäèÞßìK=

pÛççÛ=àöìàÛìÛèÞß=íéç=Þßî=èï=ÜßíåìãðèÛ=îãææäçêÛí=ìßÞÛè=ã=ÞÛá=ðãÞ= héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛìI=èäì=îðãíî=ïêêåéççßì=ÜßîìäàJ àÛèÞß=àìåáÛè=éç=ßè=ïêêáãàî=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=ÛÞðéåÛîí=îóíîèÛÞíêæãåî= ERQ=§=hiFK=lç=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=ã=ßè=íåÞÛè=íãîïÛîãéè=Ûèíßì=Ûîî= âÛèÞæãèáßè=Üöì=ïèÞßìíöåÛíI=íåÛææ=Þßè=éçßÞßæÜÛìî=àöìíßáæÛíK=aßè= íåÛææ=Þäìßàîßì=íåóèÞíÛçî=öðßìæäçèÛí=îãææ=pîéÝåâéæçí=îãèáíìäîîK= qãèáíìäîîßè=íåÛææ=ïîÛè=Þìöäíçåæ=êìöðÛ=éç=âÛèÞæãèáßè=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð= ÛÞðéåÛîí=îóíîèÛÞíêæãåîK=Ebè=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=ìßáßæ=àöìßíæåí=éðÛè=àöì= ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáI=ðÛìðãÞ=Þßè=Þéçíîéæ=íéç=çßÞÞßæÛî=Üßíæïîßî=éç= ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=àåì=êìöðÛ=éç=âÛèÞæãèáßè=íåÛææ=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ßææßì=ãèîßFK=

pÛççÛèàÛîîèãèáíðãí=åíîÛÞåéççßì=çÛè=ßîî=ÛÞßåðÛî=íåóÞÞ=àöì= àöìßîÛáíâßçæãáâßîßì=éç=Þéçíîéæßè=ïîãàìåè=ßè=ãèîìßííßÛððäáèãèá=

çßÞ=ÜßÛåîÛèÞß=Ûð=íÛçîæãáÛ=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=ã=Þßî=ßèíåãæÞÛ=àÛææßî= Ûðáöì=éç=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ=îãææåîÛí=éÝâI=àöì=Þßî=àÛææ=ÜßðãíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ÜßðãæäÛíI=Ûèáßì=Þß=ðãææåéì=éÝâ=ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛì=íéç=íåÛææ= áäææÛ=àöì=ÞßèèÛK=cöì=ïêêáãàîßì=éç=ßèíåãæÞÛ=ã=äìßèÞßè=éç=ÜßðãíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=âéí=Þéçíîéæ=åéççßì=íßåìßîßíí=Ûîî=áäææÛ=ßèæãáî=Þß=ÛææJ çäèèÛ=ìßáæßìèÛ=éç=íßåìßîßíí=âéí=ÞéçíîéæK

25

=aßííÛ=ìßáæßì=ãèèßÜäì=

ßèæãáî=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=ïêêàÛîîèãèá=ßè=ìãçæãá=Ûððäáèãèá=çßææÛè=éààßèîJ æãáâßîíJ=éÝâ=íßåìßîßííåóÞÞíãèîìßííßèÛ=ã=íåÞÛèÛ=äìßèÞßèK=

bè=íåÞÛè=ãèîìßííßÛððäáèãèá=âÛì=æßáÛî=îãææ=áìïèÞ=àöì=Þßè=éìÞèãèá= íéç=áäææßì=ðãÞ=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=

25

Se främst 8 kap. 17 § och 12 kap. sekretesslagen.

7. Materiella skillnader mellan KL och EG-rätten

7.1. En jämförelse mellan de materiella bestämmelserna i KL och EG-rätten

fèæßÞèãèá=

hiWí=äèÞÛçåæ=äì=Ûîî=ïèÞÛèìöäÛ=éÝâ=çéîðßìåÛ=âãèÞßì=àöì=ßè=ßààßåîãð= åéèåïììßèí=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=êìéÞïåîãéè=Ûð=éÝâ=âÛèÞßæ=çßÞ=ðÛìéìI= îääèíîßì=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=èóîîãáâßîßìK=bdWí=åéèåïììßèíìäîî=âÛì=–=àöìïîéç= ÞßîîÛ=äèÞÛçåæ=–=îãææ=íóàîß=äðßè=Ûîî=àìäçäÛ=ãèîßáìÛîãéèßè=çßææÛè=çßÞJ æßçííîÛîßìèÛK=bè=áìïèÞæäááÛèÞß=íåãææèÛÞ=çßææÛè=Þß=çÛîßìãßææÛ=ìßáJ æßìèÛ=ã=hi=ìßíêßåîãðß=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=äì=éÝåíå=Ûîî=ßîî=ãèáìãêÛèÞß= ßèæãáî=bdJìäîîßè=àöìïîíäîîßì=Ûîî=âÛèÞßæè=çßææÛè=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛ= êåðßìåÛíK=pÛçâÛèÞßæíåìãîßìãßî=âÛì=ßçßææßìîãÞ=îéæåÛîí=ðãÞíîìäÝåîX=Þßî= ìäÝåßì=Ûîî=êåðßìåÛè=êå=íÛçâÛèÞßæè=äì=ãèÞãìßåî=ßææßì=êéîßèîãßææK=

^ð=hiWí=àöìÛìÜßîßè=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=Ûðíãåîßè=ðÛì=Ûîî=æÛáßè=ã=çÛîßìãßææî= âäèíßßèÞß=íåïææß=æãåèÛ=bdJìäîîßèí=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßì=íå=çóÝåßî=íéç= çöäæãáîI=ïîéç=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=íÛçâÛèÞßæíåìãîßìãßîK=cöìÜïÞíÜßíîäçJ çßæíßìèÛ=ã=S=éÝâ=NV=§§=hi=Üóááßì=éÝåíå=âßæî=êå=àöìÜïÞßè=ã=ÛìîãåJ æÛìèÛ=UNKN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=jéîíðÛìÛèÞß=áäææßì=Üßíîäççßæíßè= éç=ïèÞÛèîÛá=ã=U=§=hiI=íéç=Üóááßì=êå=àöìÞìÛáßîí=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKPK=aß= áìïêêïèÞÛèîÛáíàöìéìÞèãèáÛì=íéç=âÛì=ïîàäìÞÛîí=çßÞ=íîöÞ=Ûð=hi=âÛì= ã=íîéì=ïîíîìäÝåèãèá=àöìßÜãæÞßì=ã=bdJìäîîßèK

1

=_ßíîäççßæíßè=ã=T=§=hi=

éç=Ýãðãæìäîîíæãá=éáãæîãáâßî=öðßìßèííîäççßì=çßÞ=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKO=ã=bdJ àöìÞìÛáßîK=hiWí=çÛîßìãßææÛ=ìßáæßì=îéæåÛí=éÝåíå=çéî=ÜÛåáìïèÞ=Ûð=Þßè= ìäîîíêìÛòãí=íéç=âÛì=ïîðßÝåæÛîí=ã=bdWí=ÞéçíîéæÛìK=

aßî=àãèèí=ßçßææßìîãÞ=äðßè=ðãííÛ=çÛîßìãßææÛ=íåãææèÛÞßì=çßææÛè=ìßáßæJ íóíîßçßèK=aßííÛ=ìßÞéðãíÛí=ã=Þßî=àöæäÛèÞßK=

1

Utredningen föreslår att de svenska gruppundantagen till följd av moderniseringsreformen

skall slopas, se Reformerad konkurrensövervakning, SOU 2003:73, s. 139 ff.

^ìÜßîíìäîî=

héèåïììßèíæÛáíîãàîèãèáßè=ã=pðßìãáß=âÛì=äèÞÛ=íßÞÛè=NVRP=âÛàî=íäìJ íåãæÞÛ=ìßáæßì=àöì=àöìâåææÛèÞßî=çßææÛè=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßè=éÝâ=ÛìÜßîíJ ìäîîßèK=f=NVRP=åìí=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíèãèáíæÛá=àÛèèí=ßè=Üßíîäççßæíß= íéç=ÛèáÛð=Ûîî=æÛáßè=ãèîß=íåïææß=îãææäçêÛí=êå=öðßìßèíåéççßæíßì= çßææÛè=ÛìÜßîíáãðÛìß=éÝâ=ÛìÜßîíîÛáÛìß=éç=æöè=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=ÛèíîäææèãèáíJ ðãææåéìK=

sãÞ=hiWí=îãææåéçíî=ãèàöìÞßí=ßè=Üßíîäççßæíß=ã=O=§=hiI=íéç=íîÛÞJ áÛì=Ûîî=æÛáßè=ãèîß=îãææäçêÛí=êå=öðßìßèíåéççßæíßì=çßææÛè=ÛìÜßîíJ áãðÛìß=éÝâ=ÛìÜßîíîÛáÛìß=éç=æöè=ßææßì=ÛèÞìÛ=ÛèíîäææèãèáíðãææåéìK= kåáéè=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=ïîîìóÝåæãá=Üßíîäççßæíß=àãèèí=ãèîß=ã=bdJìäîîßèK= aäìßçéî=àãèèí=ÞéçíîéæíêìÛòãí=íéçI=ßèæãáî=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=éÝâ=ìßáßìJ ãèáßèí=ÜßÞöçèãèá=ã=ßîî=îãÞãáÛìß=æÛáíîãàîèãèáíÛìÜßîßI=íóèßí=æãááÛ=ã= æãèäß=çßÞ=Þßè=íðßèíåÛ=ÜßíîäççßæíßèK=

2

iÛèîÜìïå=

_ÛåáìïèÞßè=îãææ=Þßî=íKåK=æßáÛæïèÞÛèîÛáßî=àöì=æÛèîÜìïåßî=ã=hi=EäéìÞJ ÜìïåI=îìäÞáåìÞíèäìãèá=éÝâ=íåéáíÜìïåF=åÛè=ÜßíåìãðÛí=ßèæãáî=àöæäÛèÞßK= f=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ

3

=îãææ=hi=åéèíîÛîßìÛÞßí=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=äéìÞÜìïåßî=Ûîî=

èïðÛìÛèÞß=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKN=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=ãèîß=îãææäçêÛí=àïææî=ïî=êå=äéìÞJ ÜìïåíéçìåÞßîK=cìåáÛè=éç=åéèíßåðßèíßìèÛ=êå=äéìÞÜìïåíéçìåÞßî=Ûð= ßè=Ûèíæïîèãèá=îãææ=ïèãéèßè=íåïææß=Þäìàöì=êìöðÛí=ã=íäìíåãæÞ=éìÞèãèá= ðãÞ=ßîî=ßðßèîïßææî=çßÞæßçíåÛê=ã=ïèãéèßèK=kåáìÛ=íäìíåãæÞÛ=ÜßáìäèíJ èãèáÛì=ðÛÞ=áäææÞß=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=hi=êå=äéìÞÜìïåßîí=éçìåÞß=àöìßJ íæéáí=ãèîßK=

pßÞÛè=hi=ÛèîÛáãîíI=àÛèè=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=ßàîßì=ßè=èäìçÛìß= êìöðèãèá=Ûð=àöìâåææÛèÞßèÛ=êå=ÜßìöìÞÛ=çÛìåèÛÞßì=Ûîî=æÛáßèí=ÜßíîäçJ çßæíßì=åèÛêêÛíî=æäçèÛÞß=ïîìóççß=àöì=Ûîî=çßÞÞßæÛ=ïèÞÛèîÛá=àöì= Þßè=íÛçðßìåÛè=íéç=ãèéç=êìãçäìàöìßèãèáÛì=ÜßÞìßðí=çßææÛè=ßèíåãæÞÛ= äéìÞÜìïåÛìß=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=ìåðÛìïêìéÞïÝßèîßìK=aßîîÛ=áäææÞß=íäìíåãæî=çßÞ= ÛðíßßèÞß=êå=Þßè=êìãííÛçðßìåÛè=íéç=àöìßåéç=ãèéç=æÛèîÜìïåßîí= àöìßèãèáíìöìßæíßK=sßìåßî=àöìéìÞÛÞß=Þäìàöì=ã=ßè=íåìãðßæíß=îãææ=ìßáßìJ ãèáßè=âöíîßè=NVVPI=çßÞ=âäèðãíèãèá=îãææ=íîÛîíçÛåîßìèÛí=ãèîßèîãéèßì= ãèéç=æÛèîÜìïåíßåîéìèI=Ûîî=ðãííÛ=íæÛá=Ûð=íÛçðßìåÛè=çßææÛè=äéìÞJ ÜìïåÛìß=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=ìåðÛìïêìéÞïÝßèîßì=ãèéç=äéìÞÜìïåßî=íåïææß= ïèÞÛèîÛí=àìåè=àöìÜïÞßî=ã=S=§=hiK=sßìåßîí=ïêêàÛîîèãèá=ðÛì=ðãÞÛìß=Ûîî=

2

Prop. 1999/2000:140 s. 178.

3

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 22.

Þß=íîìïåîïìßææÛ=àìåáéì=íéç=ìöìÞß=äéìÞÜìïåßî=íåïææß=öðßìðäáÛí=ãèéç= ìÛçßè=àöì=ßè=äéìÞÜìïåíêéæãîãíå=öðßìíóè=ãèàöì=ßîî=çßÞæßçíåÛê=ã=br= ïèÞßì=åì=NVVRK=

bàîßì=ïîìßÞèãèá=ãèéç=ìßáßìãèáíåÛèíæãßîI=ìßçãíí=Ûð=ÞßèèÛ=éÝâ=êìéJ êéíãîãéè=àìåè=ìßáßìãèáßè=Üßíæöî=ìãåíÞÛáßè=ðåìßè=NVVQ=éç=äèÞìãèáÛì= ã=hiI=íéç=ÜæKÛK=ãèèßÜÛì=Ûîî=Þßî=èäçèÞÛ=æßáÛæïèÞÛèîÛáßî=ã=NU=Û–Ý=§§= ãèàöìÞßí=àìåè=Þßè=N=äïæã=íÛççÛ=åìK=

aß=íäìíåãæÞÛ=àöìâåææÛèÞßèÛ=ã=pðßìãáß=àöìÛèæßÞÞß=Ûîî=äðßè=íåéáíJ ÜìïåßîI=íéç=ã=br=æåá=ïîÛèàöì=Þßè=áßçßèíÛççÛ=äéìÞÜìïåíêéæãîãåßèI= ãèÜßáìßêí=ã=æßáÛæïèÞÛèîÛáßîK=f=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ

4

=ïîîÛæÛÞßí=Ûîî=Þßî=äðßè=ã=

àìåáÛ=éç=íåéáíÜìïåßî=ðÛì=àìåáÛ=éç=ßè=Üãéæéáãíå=êìéÞïåîãéè=çßÞ=ßè= íîéì=áßéáìÛàãíå=ÜïèÞßèâßî=éÝâ=íêìãÞèãèáI=æåî=ðÛìÛ=Ûîî=àöìâåææÛèÞßèÛ= íåãæäÞß=íãá=àìåè=Þßç=íéç=áäææÞß=àöì=äéìÞÜìïåßîK=aß=ßèíåãæÞÛ=çßÞJ æßççÛìèÛ=ã=àöìßèãèáÛìèÛ=êå=íåéáíÜìïåßîí=éçìåÞß=ðÛì=éàîÛ=çãèÞìß= íåéáíäáÛìßK=aß=åïèÞß=éÝåíå=ðÛìÛ=äéìÞÜìïåÛìß=íéç=ðÛì=çßÞæßççÛì=ã= ßè=ßææßì=àæßìÛ=àöìßèãèáÛì=êå=äéìÞÜìïåßîí=éçìåÞßK=aßî=Ûèíåáí=Þäìàöì= ðÛìÛ=çéîãðßìÛî=Ûîî=íÛççÛ=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßì=íåïææß=áäææÛ=àöì=ÞßííÛ= àöìßèãèáÛì=íéç=àöì=æÛèîÜìïåßî=ã=öðìãáîK=

ißáÛæïèÞÛèîÛáßî=Ûðíßì=ðãíí=íÛçðßìåÛè=ãèéç=ßè=êìãçäì=æÛèîÜìïåíJ àöìßèãèáK=^èÞìÛ=íÛçÛìÜßîíàéìçßì=ãèéç=æÛèîÜìïåíåééêßìÛîãéèßè= íåíéç=íKåK=àßÞßìÛîãð=íÛçðßìåÛèI=ðÛìçßÞ=Ûðíßí=íÛçðßìåÛè=çßææÛè= êìãçäìàöìßèãèáÛìI=éçàÛîîÛí=ãèîß=Ûð=æßáÛæïèÞÛèîÛáßîK=aßî=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî= ïèÞÛèîÛá=àöì=íåÞÛèî=íÛçÛìÜßîßI=ã=Þßè=çåè=Þßî=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=àöìÜïÞßî= ßèæãáî=S=§I=àåì=êìöðÛí=ãèÞãðãÞïßææî=ßèæãáî=ìßáæßìèÛ=éç=ÞßîîÛ=ã=hiK=

bè=íäìíåãæÞ=àéìç=Ûð=íÛçðßìåÛè=ïîÛèàöì=æßáÛæïèÞÛèîÛáßî=ÜßÞìãðí= ðãÞÛìß=ãèéç=àöìâÛèÞæãèáíéìáÛèãíÛîãéèßìI=Þäì=íÛçðßìåÛè=íåßì=àöì= êìãíàöìâÛèÞæãèáÛì=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=íäìíåãæÞÛ=êìéÞïåîßì=çßÞ=ßè=ßææßì=àæßìÛ= íîéìÛ=åöêÛìßK=cöìâÛèÞæãèáíÞßæßáÛîãéèßìèÛ=ÜßâÛèÞæÛÞßí=íäìíåãæî=ã= àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ

5

=Þäì=Þßî=ÛèáÛðí=Ûîî=ÞßííÛ=éìáÛèãíÛîãéèßì=àöææ=ïîÛèàöì=

ïèÞÛèîÛáíÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛK=aßèèÛ=àìåáÛ=àöìÛèæßÞÞß=íåæßÞßí=ãèáßè= ÛèèÛè=ÜßÞöçèãèá=äè=Þßè=íéç=áäéìÞßí=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=àßÞßìÛîãð=íÛçJ ðßìåÛèK=bdJìäîîßèí=íîìäèáÛ=íóè=êå=êìãííÛçðßìåÛèI=ÜåÞß=ðÛÞ=áäææßì= bdJàöìÞìÛáßîí=Ûìîãåßæ=UN=éÝâ=Þßè=áìäèíÞìÛáèãèá=çßææÛè=äéìÞÜìïåíJ= éÝâ=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßè=íéç=àìÛçáåì=Ûð=àöìéìÞèãèá=OSLSOI=åéç=Ûîî= åîßìíêßáæÛí=áßèéç=ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛì=ã=æßáÛæïèÞÛèîÛáßî=ðÛÞ=áäææßì=êìãíJ íÛçðßìåÛèK=päìíåãæÞÛ=ìßáæßì=éç=çßÞæßçí=àìãÛ=ìöìæãáâßî=êå=æÛèîJ Üìïåßîí=éçìåÞß=ãèàöìÞßí=éÝåíåK=

oßáæßìèÛ=äèÞìÛÞßí=àìåè=éÝâ=çßÞ=Þßè=N=äÛèïÛìã=OMMNK=ÄèÞìãèáÛìèÛ= ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=ßè=êìãçäìàöìßèãèáí=êìãííäîîèãèá=èäì=Þßè=íðÛìÛì=àöì=

4

Prop. 1993/94:210 s. 38.

5

Prop. 1993/94:210 s. 49 f.

àöìíäæäèãèáßè=Ûð=ðÛìéì=íéç=ã=èåáéè=çßèãèá=äì=ãèæßðßìßìÛÞß=îãææ=àöìßJ èãèáßè=àÛææßì=ïîÛèàöì=àöìÜïÞßî=ã=S=§=hiK=aßî=Ûèíåáí=ÞéÝå=Ûææîääçî= íÛåæãáî=çéîãðßìÛî=Ûîî=àöìÜïÞßî=çéî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=íÛçJ ÛìÜßîß=ã=S=§=hi=íåïææß=áäææÛ=àöìßèãèáßèí=êìãííäîîèãèá=èäì=ßè=çßÞæßç= íääæð=íäæäßì=Þãìßåî=îãææ=îìßÞäß=çÛèK=

sãÞÛìß=ïîîÛæÛÞßí=Ûîî=Þß=íåäæ=àöì=Ûîî=æåîÛ=æßáÛæïèÞÛèîÛáßî=àöì=æÛèîJ Üìïåßî=éçàÛîîÛ=íåéáßè=íéç=åÜßìéêÛÞßí=èäì=ïèÞÛèîÛáßî=ãèàöìÞßí= àéìîàÛìÛèÞß=âÛÞß=îóèáÞK=kåáéè=äèÞìãèá=àöìßíæéáí=Þäìàöì=ãèîßK=f= íÛççÛèâÛèáßî=ïîîÛæÛÞß=ìßáßìãèáßè=àöæäÛèÞßW=

Det kan på skogsbrukets område förekomma kooperativa verksamheter av betydande storlek. Beträffande sådan verksamhet bör legalundantagets skyddsverkan och därmed betydelse inte överskattas. Såsom flera remissinstanser pekat på kan just i fråga om skogsbruket samhandeln vara berörd och EG-rättens förbudsregler på konkurrensområdet tillämpliga. Regeringens förslag att Konkurrensverket skall ges behörighet att tillämpa EG:s konkurrensregler, se avsnitt 8, får i detta sammanhang särskild betydelse. För det fall att en primärförening har en stark marknadsställning och samarbetet inom föreningen har påverkan på handeln mellan medlemsstater kan liksom idag en tillämpning av EG-reglerna komma i fråga, särskilt om samarbetet exempelvis omfattar prissamarbete. Med en nationell behörighet att tillämpa EG-reglerna kan, som en remissinstans påpekat, tillämpningen av EG-reglerna dessutom förväntas bli vanligare än för närvarande. De nationella reglerna får inte tillämpas i ett enskilt fall på ett sätt som strider mot den fulla och enhetliga tillämpningen av EGrätten. EG-reglerna saknar särskilda undantagsregler för samarbete i fråga om skogsprodukter. Risken med att enbart förlita sig på det svenska regelverket accentueras genom att samma myndighet uttryckligen och på ett direkt sätt nu kommer att tillämpa båda regelverken. En tillämpning av det svenska legalundantaget kan ske så långt det kan anses förenligt med EG-rätten. Ytterst skulle detta kunna komma att prövas av EG-domstolen. Vid en samlad bedömning finner regeringen att det inte föreligger nog starka skäl för att i denna situation föreslå att det tidigare riksdagsbeslutet omprövas så att legalundantaget skulle slopas i fråga om skogsprodukter.

6

6

Prop. 1999/2000:140 s. 242.

qìóÝåàìãâßîßèí=éçìåÞß=

f=îãÞãáÛìß=æÛáíîãàîèãèáíäìßèÞßè=âÛì=êßåÛîí=êå=Ûîî=ßè=óîîßìæãáÛìß=íåãææJ èÛÞ=çßææÛè=Þßè=íðßèíåÛ=ìäîîßè=éÝâ=bdJìäîîßè=åÛè=àöìßæãááÛ=ã=àìåáÛ= éç=àöìàÛìÛèÞßè=íéç=ã=pðßìãáß=íåóÞÞÛí=ßèæãáî=îìóÝåàìãâßîíàöìéìÞJ èãèáßè=éÝâ=Þäìàöì=ãèîß=åÛè=ÛèáìãêÛí=çßÞ=íîöÞ=Ûð=hiK

7

=péç=ßòßçêßæ=

åÛè=èäçèÛí=Ûîî=ßè=îãÞèãèá=ðäáìÛì=Ûîî=îÛ=ãè=ßè=ðãíí=ÛèèéèíK=aßî=äì= éðãííî=éç=Þßî=àãèèí=èåáéî=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=îìóÝåàìãâßîíìäîîíæãáî=íåóÞÞ=ã= bdJìäîîßèK=

bè=åéèíßåðßèí=Ûð=êìãèÝãêßè=éç=bdJìäîîßèí=àöìßîìäÞß=äì=Ûîî= íðßèíå=ìäîî=ãèîß=åÛè=âãèÞìÛ=Ûîî=bdJìäîîßè=îãææäçêÛí=éÝâ=Þßî=áäææßì= äðßè=éç=ßîî=ãàìåáÛíÛîî=àöìàÛìÛèÞß=íåïææß=ðÛìÛ=íåóÞÞÛî=ã=pðßìãáß=ãèîß= ßèÜÛìî=áßèéç=ðÛèæãá=æÛá=ïîÛè=áßèéç=áìïèÞæÛáK=

bè=ÛèèéèíðäáìÛè=íéç=íåóÞÞÛí=Ûð=íðßèíå=áìïèÞæÛá=åÛè=ßèæãáî= íðßèíå=ìäîîíêìÛòãí=ãèîß=ÛèáìãêÛí=çßÞ=íîöÞ=Ûð=hiI=ßàîßìíéç=áìïèÞæÛá= âÛì=àöìßîìäÞß=àìÛçàöì=íðßèíå=æÛáK=bè=íåÞÛè=ðäáìÛè=åÛè=ÞéÝå= ßðßèîïßææî=ÛèáìãêÛí=çßÞ=îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð=Ûìîãåßæ=UOK=

qÛòã=

cìåè=éÝâ=çßÞ=Þßè=N=äÛèïÛìã=OMMN=ãèàöìÞßí=ìßáæßì=ã=hi=éç=ïèÞÛèîÛá= àöì=ðãíí=îÛòãíÛçðßìåÛè=çßææÛè=îÛòãàöìßîÛá=Eíéç=éçàÛîîÛì=âöáíî=QM= ÜãæÛìFK=oßáßìãèáßè=àìÛçâöææ=ã=íÛççÛèâÛèáßî

8

=àöæäÛèÞßK=

Vad det handlar om är införandet av regler där intresset av konkurrens så långt möjligt kan förenas med intresset av tillgång till taxiservice på orter främst i glesbygd där förutsättningarna för konkurrens är svag. Det finns därtill ett behov av klarhet om vilka regler som näringen har att följa. I Sverige, till skillnad från i de allra flesta medlemsstaterna i EU, är taximarknaden avreglerad. Där taximarknaderna är reglerade får övergripande konkurrensregler mycket liten betydelse. I Sverige, där KL tillämpas till följd av att marknaden är avreglerad, motsvarar den materiella förbudsregeln i 6 § KL i huvudsak artikel 81.1 i EG-fördraget, med undantag för det samhandelsrekvisit som uppställs i artikel 81.1. Detta får till följd att 6 § KL gäller även samarbete på mycket lokala marknader i mindre tätbefolkade områden, om samarbetet kan anses märkbart konkurrensbegränsande. För de enskilda små företag det här uppenbarligen är fråga om torde stora svårigheter föreligga att avgöra huruvida samarbetet är konkurrensbegränsande i KL:s mening.

7

Prop. 1997/98:130 s. 42 f. och prop. 1999/2000:140 s. 179. Se även betänkandet Yttrande-

friheten och konkurrensen (SOU 1999:30).

8

I prop. 1999/2000:140 s. 218 f.

Enligt regeringens uppfattning är det av regional- och småföretagspolitiska skäl angeläget att taxiverksamhet i glesbygd och på mindre orter kan bedrivas inom ramen för ett regelsystem som tar hänsyn till att de särskilda förutsättningarna för sådan verksamhet under vissa förhållanden kräver samarbete om taxiservice skall kunna tillhandahållas. Även med beaktande av det pågående arbetet inom EU blir slutsatsen därför att övervägande skäl talar för att nu föreslå särskilda regler, av det nämnda slaget, på konkurrensrättens område för viss taxisamverkan.

oßáæßìèÛ=éç=ïèÞÛèîÛá=àöì=îÛòãíÛçðßìåÛè=îéìÞß=çßìÛ=íäææÛè=åïèèÛ= ÜßìöìÛ=íÛçâÛèÞßæè=ãèéç=brK=

7.2. Utredningens överväganden och bedömning

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=ÜßÞöçèãèáW=aßî=àãèèí=ãèîß=îãææìäÝåæãáÛ=íåäæ=Ûîî= ïîääçèÛ=Þß=çÛîßìãßææÛ=íåãææèÛÞßì=íéç=àãèèí=çßææÛè=åéèåïììßèíJ æÛáßè=éÝâ=bdJìäîîßèK=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=ÛèÛæóíßìÛî=Þß=çÛîßìãßææÛ=íåãææèÛÞßì=íéç=àãèèí= çßææÛè=hi=éÝâ=bdJìäîîßèK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=åéççãî=àìÛç=îãææ=Ûîî= Þßî=ã=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûð=Þßè=íKåK=çéÞßìèãíßìãèáíìßàéìçßè=Eíß=ïîìßÞJ èãèáßèí=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞß=oßàéìçßìÛÞ=åéèåïììßèíöðßìðÛåèãèáI=plr= OMMPWTPF=åèÛêêÛíî=åìäðí=Ûîî=ÛææÛ=íåãææèÛÞßì=çßææÛè=hi=éÝâ=bdJ ìäîîßè=îÛí=ÜéìîK=aß=íðßèíåÛ=íäìæöíèãèáÛì=íéç=àãèèí=ãèéç=éæãåÛ= éçìåÞßè=Ûð=Þßè=íðßèíåÛ=åéèåïììßèíæÛáíîãàîèãèáßè=äì=ìßíïæîÛîßî=Ûð= ãèáåßèÞß=êéæãîãíåÛ=öðßìðäáÛèÞßè=éÝâ=íîäææèãèáíîÛáÛèÞßèK= rîìßÞèãèáßè=íßì=ðãííßìæãáßè=íéç=íãè=ïêêáãàî=Ûîî=ðßìåÛ=àöì=Ûîî=íåãææJ èÛÞßìèÛ=çßææÛè=ìäîîííóíîßçßè=ïîääçèÛíK=päìíåãæî=çéî=ÜÛåáìïèÞ=Ûð= bdJìäîîßèí=Ûææî=çßì=àìÛçîìäÞÛèÞß=ìéææ=äì=Þßî=Ûèáßæäáßî=Ûîî=íðßèíåÛ= ìßáæßì=ãèîß=áßì=ãèîìóÝåßî=Ûîî=Þß=îãææåîßì=ðÛÞ=íéç=äì=îðßåíÛçî=àìåè= bdJìäîîíæãá=íóèêïèåîK=_ßîìäààÛèÞß=Þß=àìåáéì=íéç=ÜßâÛèÞæÛí=ã=ÞßîîÛ= Ûðíèãîî=Ûèíßì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=ÞéÝå=–=çéî=ÜÛåáìïèÞ=Ûð=Þß=öðßìðäáÛèÞßè= íéç=æãááßì=ÜÛåéç=Þß=íðßèíåÛ=ìßáæßìèÛ=–=Ûîî=Þßî=ãèîß=àãèèí=îãææJ ìäÝåæãáÛ=íåäæ=àöì=Ûîî=èï=àöìßíæå=äèÞìãèáÛì=ã=hiK=

8. Konkurrensskadeavgift och koncernförhållanden

8.1. Gällande rätt

UKNKN=héèåïììßèíæÛáßè=

cöìïîíäîîèãèáÛì=àöì=Ûîî=ÞöçÛ=ïî=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßðáãàî=

^ð=OS=§=hi=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=pîéÝåâéæçí=îãèáíìäîî=êå=îÛæÛè=Ûð=héèåïìJ ìßèíðßìåßî=àåì=ÜßíæïîÛ=Ûîî=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=íåÛææ=ÜßîÛæÛ=åéèåïììßèíJ íåÛÞßÛðáãàî=éç=àöìßîÛáßî=ßææßì=èåáéè=íéç=âÛèÞæÛì=êå=àöìßîÛáßîí= ðäáèÛì=ïêêíåîæãáßè=ßææßì=Ûð=éÛåîíÛçâßî=âÛì=öðßìîìäîî=àöìÜïÞßè=ã=S=§= EàöìÜïÞ=çéî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=íÛçÛìÜßîß=çßææÛè=àöìßîÛáF= ßææßì=NV=§=EàöìÜïÞ=çéî=çãííÜìïå=Ûð=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèáFK=aßîJ íÛççÛ=áäææßì=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìJ ÞìÛáßîK=

1

_ßÞìãðí=ðßìåíÛçâßîßè=Ûð=ßè=àóíãíå=êßìíéèI=íåÛææ=Þßè=êßìíéè=íéç= Þìßð=ìöìßæíßè=èäì=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=ÜßáãÝåí=íðÛìÛ=àöì=ÛðáãàîßèK=lç= ðßìåíÛçâßîßè=ÜßÞìãðí=Ûð=ßè=äïìãÞãíå=êßìíéèI=àöæäßì=ÛèíðÛìßî=àöì= åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=Þßè=äïìãÞãíåÛ=êßìíéèßèK=Öðßìæåîßì=ßè=äïìãJ Þãíå=êßìíéè=Þßè=ìöìßæíßáìßè=ã=ðãæåßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=íåßîîI=íîÛèèÛì= ÛèíðÛìßî=åðÛì=âéí=Þßè=äïìãÞãíåÛ=êßìíéèßèK=

bîî=çéÞßìÜéæÛá=éÝâ=ßîî=ÞéîîßìÜéæÛá=ïîáöì=èéìçÛæî=ßè=éÝâ=íÛççÛ= ßåéèéçãíåÛ=ßèâßîK

2

=jéÞßìÜéæÛáßî=åÛè=Þäìàöì=ã=Ûææçäèâßî=Ûèíßí=

ÛèíðÛìãáî=àöì=ÞéîîßìÜéæÛáßîí=ÛáßìÛèÞßK=bè=îÛæÛè=éç=åéèåïììßèíJ íåÛÞßÛðáãàî=àöì=ÞéîîßìÜéæÛáßîí=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=åÛè=–=æãåíéç=ßèæãáî= bdJìäîîßè=–=ìãåîÛí=çéî=çéÞßìÜéæÛáßîK

3

1

Se 2 § 1994 års lag. Utredningen har i delbetänkandet Reformerad konkurrensövervakning

(SOU 2003:73) föreslagit den lagtekniska förändringen att artiklarna 81 och 82 i EGfördraget skall läggas till uppräkningen i 26 § KL.

2

Beträffande innebörden av begreppet, se avsnitt 3.

3

MD 2001:30, Telia./.Konkurrensverket (dom den 2001-12-19).

héèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßèí=íîéìæßå=

^ð=OT=§=àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=hi=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè= íåÛææ=àÛíîíîäææÛí=îãææ=æäáíî=àßç=îïíßè=åìéèéì=éÝâ=âöáíî=àßç=çãæäéèßì= åìéèéì=ßææßì=îãææ=ßîî=âöáìß=ÜßæéêêI=ðãæåßî=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=àåì=öðßìíîãáÛ= NM=êìéÝßèî=Ûð=àöìßîÛáßèí=éçíäîîèãèáK=

^ð=êÛìÛáìÛàßèí=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåß=àìÛçáåì=ÛîîI=éç=îÛæÛè=ìãåîÛí=çéî= àæßìÛ=àöìßîÛáI=Ûðáãàîßè=íåÛææ=àÛíîíîäææÛí=íäìíåãæî=àöì=ðÛìäß=àöìßîÛáK= ^ðáãàîßè=íåÛææ=íêßáæÛ=Þß=éæãåÛ=àöìßîÛáßèí=ÞßæÛåîãáâßî=ã=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè= éÝâ=Üöì=ãèîß=àÛíîíîäææÛí=íå=âöáî=Ûîî=àöìßîÛáßî=ìãíåßìÛì=åéèåïìíK

4

f=OU=éÝâ=OU=Û=§§=hiI=íéç=àãÝå=íãè=èïðÛìÛèÞß=ïîàéìçèãèá=áßèéç= ßè=æÛáäèÞìãèá=åì=OMMOI=àãèèí=Üßíîäççßæíßì=éç=ðãæåÛ=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì= íéç=íäìíåãæî=íåÛææ=ÜßÛåîÛí=ðãÞ=ÜßíîäççÛèÞß=Ûð=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßJ Ûðáãàîßèí=íîéìæßåK=^ð=ßîî=îãÞãáÛìß=çéîãðïîîÛæÛèÞß=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî= ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ïîîöççÛèÞß=ìßáæßìÛì=ðãæåÛ=âäèíóè=íéç=íåÛææ=îÛí= èäì=Ûðáãàîßè=àÛíîíîäææíK

5

=bèæãáî=OU=§=hi=íåÛææ=âäèíóè=îÛí=îãææ=âïì=ÛææJ

ðÛìæãá=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=äìI=âïì=æäèáß=Þßè=êåáåîîI=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìíðåìÛèÞß= ßææßì=àöìçãæÞìÛèÞß=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=Ûð=ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=Ûîî=ÜßÞöçÛ= öðßìîìäÞßæíßèK=f=ìãèáÛ=àÛææ=íåÛææ=ãèáßè=Ûðáãàî=êåàöìÛíK=f=OU=Û=§=hi= Ûèáßí=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=âäèàöìæãáÛ=îãææ=àöìßîÛáßî=ã=àìåáÛ=íéç=çßÞàöì= Ûîî=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=àåì=àÛíîíîäææÛí=îãææ=ßîî=æäáìß=ßææßì=âöáìß= Üßæéêê=äè=ðÛÞ=íéç=Üéìî=íåß=çßÞ=îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð=OU=§=hiK=^ðáãàîßè= àåì=íäîîÛí=æäáìß=éç=àöìßîÛáßî=ã=ðäíßèîæãá=çåè=âÛì=ïèÞßìæäîîÛî=ïîìßÞJ èãèáßè=Ûð=Þßè=ßáèÛ=ßææßì=ÛèÞìÛí=çßÞðßìåÛè=ã=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=ßææßì=éç= Þßî=àöìßæãááßì=ÛèÞìÛ=íäìíåãæÞÛ=íåäæ=íéç=âäèàöì=íãá=îãææ=àöìßîÛáßîK= ^ðáãàîßè=àåì=íäîîÛí=âöáìß=éç=àöìßîÛáßî=îãÞãáÛìß=âÛì=öðßìîìäîî=àöìÜïÞ= ßèæãáî=hiK=

^ðáãàîßè=íåÛææ=ßèæãáî=çéîãðßè

6

=ÜßíîäççÛí=êå=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=íäîî=Ûîî=

Þßè=ðßìåÛì=ÛðâåææÛèÞß=êå=àöìßîÛáßî=ã=àìåáÛ=éÝâ=ÛðíåìäÝåÛèÞß=êå= ÛèÞìÛ=àöìßîÛáK=^ðáöìÛèÞß=àöì=âïì=ÛææðÛìæãá=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=íåÛææ= Ûèíßí=ðÛìÛ=äì=Þß=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞæãáÛ=ßààßåîßìèÛí=éçàÛîîèãèáK=aßî= åÛè=áäææÛ=Ûîî=ÜßÞöçÛ=íåðäæ=Þßè=êå=æäèáìß=íãåî=êìãíâöäÛèÞß=ßààßåîßè= Ûð=ßîî=ðãííî=âÛèÞæÛèÞß=íéç=çßì=ÞãìßåîÛ=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=íåÛÞéì=íéç= åíÛçåÛí=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìßîÛáK=vîîßìæãáÛìß=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=Ûð=ðãåî=äì=ßèæãáî= àöìÛìÜßîíïîîÛæÛèÞßèÛ=Þßè=ÛææçäèèÛ=çÛìåèÛÞíÜãæÞßèI=ßåéèéçãíåî= ïîÜóîßI=ÜßîóÞßæíßè=Ûð=Þßè=ðÛìÛ=ßææßì=îääèíî=íéç=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíJ èãèáßè=Ûðíßì=éÝâ=àöìßîÛáßèí=çÛìåèÛÞíÛèÞßæK=käì=ßîî=àöìÜäïÞßî=àöìJ àÛìÛèÞß=äì=ìßíïæîÛîßî=Ûð=çÛìåèÛÞíçÛåî=âéí=àöìßîÛá=çßÞ=ÞéçãJ

4

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 93.

5

Prop. 1999/2000:140 s. 253.

6

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 93.

èßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá=äì=Þßî=íäìíåãæî=ÜßàéáÛî=Ûîî=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßJ Ûðáãàîßè=àåì=ßè=ãèáìãêÛèÞß=åÛìÛåîäìK=Äðßè=àìåáÛè=éç=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè= âÛì=íåßîî=ïêêíåîæãáßè=ßææßì=Ûð=éÛåîíÛçâßî=âÛì=ÜßîóÞßæíß=æãåíéç=éç= àöìßîÛáßî=îãÞãáÛìß=áäéìî=íãá=íåóæÞãáî=îãææ=ÛèÞìÛ=ßææßì=æãåèÛèÞß=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßìK

7

f=àöìàÛîîèãèáíåéççßèîÛìßè=îãææ=OT=§=hi

8

=àãèèí=ßîî=ïîîÛæÛèÞß=íéç=

ìöì=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=Ûîî=ÜßÛåîÛ=èäì=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßèí= Üßæéêê=àÛíîíîäææíK=bèæãáî=ïîîÛæÛèÞßî=íåÛææ=ßèÞÛíî=Þßî=ÜßìöìÞÛ=àöìßJ îÛáßîí=éçíäîîèãèá=ÜßÛåîÛí=èäì=Ûðáãàîßè=ÜßíîäçíK=sãÞÛìß=íäáí=Ûîî=Þßî= Ûææîíå=ãèîß=íéç=ãèéç=bd=àãèèí=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=ïîáå=àìåè=ßè=âßæ= åéèÝßìèí=éçíäîîèãèá=ðãÞ=Üßìäåèãèá=Ûð=”Üöîßì”=àöì=ßîî=åéèÝßìèJ àöìßîÛáK=

jßÞ=ðßìåÛè=àìåè=Þßè=N=äïæã=OMMO=ãèàöìÞßí=ßîî=êìéáìÛç=çßÞ=èóÛ= ìßáæßì=éç=èßÞíäîîèãèá=éÝâ=ßàîßìáãàî=Ûð=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîI=íß= OU=Û–Ý=§§=hiK=mìéáìÛççßî=íóàîÛì=îãææ=Ûîî=áß=ÞßæîÛáÛìß=ã=âßçæãáÛ= åÛìîßææßì=ãèÝãîÛçßèî=Ûîî=ÛðíæöäÛ=åÛìîßææßèI=Ûîî=ïèÞßìæäîîÛ=àöì=åéèåïìJ ìßèíçóèÞãáâßîßè=Ûîî=ïîìßÞÛ=åÛìîßææßì=éÝâ=Ûîî=çéîðßìåÛ=Ûîî=åÛìîßææßì= ÜãæÞÛíK

9

eãîîãææí=âÛì=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=Þöçîí=ïî=ã=àßç=çåæI=íåðãîî= Ûðíßì=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=S=§=hiI=ðÛìðãÞ=Þßè=ïîÞöçÞÛ=åéèåïììßèíJ íåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=ïêêáåîî=îãææ=çßææÛè=NM=MMM=éÝâ=RO=çãæäéèßì=åìK=f=Þßî= çåæ=íéç=âÛì=àöìÛèæßîî=Þßè=âöáíîÛ=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=âãîîãææí= ERO=çãæäéèßìF=âÛì=pîéÝåâéæçí=îãèáíìäîîí=Þéç=öðßìåæÛáÛîí=Ûð=íåðäæ= Þß=ÜßìöìÞÛ=ÜéæÛáßè=íéç=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîK=aäìîãææ=åéççßì=ßîî=çåæ= íéç=ìöì=êåíîåÞÞ=åÛìîßææíÛçðßìåÛè=ðãÞ=ÛèÜïÞ=àöì=ÛíàÛæîíßèîìßêìßèÛJ ÞßìI=Þäì=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=óìåÛî=Þìóáî=NIS=çãæäÛìÞßì=åì=ã=åéèåïìJ ìßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîK=héèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=âÛì=ðãÞÛìß=Þöçîí=ïî=ã=íßò= çåæI=íåðãîî=Ûðíßì=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=NV=§=hiI=ðÛìðãÞ=Þßè=ïîÞöçÞÛ= åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=ïêêáåîî=îãææ=çßææÛè=R=MMM=éÝâ=U=çãæäéèßì= åìK=

7

I MD 2003:2, Uponor./. Konkurrensverket (dom den 2003-01-24) gjorde inte

Konkurrensverket gällande att ”samarbetet gav något resultat”. Domstolen uttalade att det var tillräckligt att avtalet haft ett konkurrensbegränsande syfte, vilket domstolen ansåg var uppenbart. Domstolen ansåg att företagets överträdelse skett uppsåtligen och att förutsättningar förelåg att ålägga företaget att betala konkurrensskadeavgift.

8

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 92.

9

Se prop. 2001/02:167.

fççïèãîßî=çéî=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=

^ð=OV=§=hi=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßðáãàî=ãèîß=åÛè=ÞöçÛí=ïî= àöì=åîáäìÞßì=íéç=ðãÞîÛí=ïèÞßì=êìöðèãèáßè=Ûð=ßè=ÛèçäæÛè=ßèæãáî=V=§= éç=ïèÞÛèîÛá=ßææßì=ßè=ÛèíöåÛè=ßèæãáî=OM=§=éç=ãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßJ ÜßíåßÞI=ïèÞßì=àöìïîíäîîèãèá=Ûîî=åîáäìÞßìèÛ=æãááßì=ãèéç=ìÛçßè=àöì= Þßè=ðßìåíÛçâßî=íéç=Üßíåìãðí=ã=ÛèçäæÛèK=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=âÛì= ßçßææßìîãÞ=ßèæãáî=Üßíîäççßæíßè=ã=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=âäðÛ= ãççïèãîßîßè=ã=ïêêßèÜÛìÛ=àÛææK=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=ã=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞßî=oßàéìçßìÛÞ=åéèåïììßèíJ öðßìðÛåèãèá=Eplr=OMMPWTPF=àöìßíæÛáãî=Ûîî=ìßáæßìèÛ=íåÛææ=ïêêâäðÛíI= ßàîßìíéç=íóíîßçßî=çßÞ=ÛèçäæèãèáÛì=éç=ïèÞÛèîÛá=éÝâ=ÛèíöåèãèáÛì= éç=ãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßÜßíåßÞ=àöìßíæåí=íæéêÛíK=

UKNKO= pÛèåîãéèßì=ßèæãáî=bdJìäîîßè=

_öîßì=

däææÛèÞß=ìßáæßì=éç=Üöîßì=àãèèí=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=NR=ã=àöìéìÞèãèá=NTLSOK= héççãííãéèßè=åÛè=åæäááÛ=àöìßîÛá=ßææßì=àöìßîÛáííÛççÛèíæïîèãèáÛì= Üöîßì=Þßæí=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=êìéÝßÞïììßáæßì=EÛìîãåßæ=NRKNFI=Þßæí= ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=çÛîßìãßææÛ=ìßáæßì=EÛìîãåßæ=NRKOFK=

jéîíðÛìÛèÞß=ìßáæßì=àãèèí=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=OP=ã=ìåÞíàöìéìÞèãèá=NLOMMPK= cöìéìÞèãèáßè=ÜöìäÛì=îãææäçêÛí=Þßè=N=çÛä=OMMQK=

ÖðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=çÛîßìãßææÛ=ìßáæßì=

_ßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=éç=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=çÛîßìãßææÛ=ìßáæßì=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî= àöìßîÛá=åÛè=Üæã=ÜöîàäææÞÛ=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ã= ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UNKN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=jéîíðÛìÛèÞß=áäææßì=éç=àöìßJ îÛá=åíãÞéíäîîßì=ßîî=åæäááÛèÞß=íéç=âÛì=ÜßíæïîÛîí=ã=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=Ûîî= åéççãííãéèßè=ÜßíæïîÛî=éç=ïèÞÛèîÛá=ßèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKP=ã=àöìÞìÛáßîK= f=êìÛåîãåßè=âÛì=åéççãííãéèßè=åæÛáî=àöìßîÛá=Üöîßì=ßèÞÛíî=àöì=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ã=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UNKN=éÝâ=UOK=

sÛìäß=àöìßîÛá=íéç=âÛì=ÞßæîÛáãî=ã=ßîî=àöìÜäïÞßî=àöìàÛìÛèÞß=åÛè= åÞöçÛí=ÜöîßìK=_ßÞìãðí=ðßìåíÛçâßîßè=Ûð=ßè=àóíãíå=êßìíéèI=íåÛææ=Þßè= êßìíéè=íéç=Þìßð=ìöìßæíßè=èäì=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=ÜßáãÝåí=íðÛìÛ=àöì= ÛðáãàîßèK=lç=ðßìåíÛçâßîßè=ÜßÞìãðí=Ûð=ßè=äïìãÞãíå=êßìíéèI=àöæäßì= ÛèíðÛìßî=àöì=Üöîßì=Þßè=äïìãÞãíåÛ=êßìíéèßèK=Öðßìæåîßì=ßè=äïìãÞãíå= êßìíéè=Þßè=ìöìßæíßáìßè=ã=ðãæåßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=íåßîîI=íîÛèèÛì=

ÛèíðÛìßî=åðÛì=âéí=Þßè=äïìãÞãíåÛ=êßìíéèßèK=cöì=Ûîî=Üöîßì=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ= åæäááÛí=åìäðí=Ûîî=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=íåßîî=Ûð=éÛåîíÛçâßî=ßææßì=ïêêíåîJ æãáßèK=

fèéç=bdJìäîîßè=îéìÞß=Þßî=àöìßæãááÛ=ßè=êìßíïçîãéè=àöì=Ûîî=ßîî= çéÞßìÜéæÛá=âÛì=åéèîìéææ=öðßì=ßîî=âßæäáî=ÞéîîßìÜéæÛáí=ÛáßìÛèÞßK=aßî= ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=ßè=îÛæÛè=éç=Üöîßì=àöì=ÞéîîßìÜéæÛáßîí=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=åÛè= ìãåîÛí=çéî=çéÞßìÜéæÛáßîK=aßî=äì=éÝåíå=çöäæãáî=Ûîî=åæäááÛ=ÜåÞß= çéÞßìÜéæÛáßî=éÝâ=ÞéîîßìÜéæÛáßî=ÜöîßìK=

sãÞ=àÛíîíîäææÛèÞß=Ûð=Üöîßì=àöì=íÛççÛèíæïîèãèáÛì=Ûð=àöìßîÛáI=îKßòK= ÜìÛèÝâàöìßèãèáÛìI=ÜßìäåèÛí=ÜöîßìèÛ=êå=áìïèÞðÛæ=Ûð=Þßè=éçíäîîèãèá= Þß=àöìßîÛá=íéç=ãèáåì=ã=íÛççÛèæïîèãèáßè=âÛìK=bîî=Üßíæïî=åÛè=ìãåîÛí= îãææ=çßÞæßçíàöìßîÛáßè=ßææßì=ßèÜÛìî=îãææ=àöìßèãèáßèK=

bèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ=NRKQ=ã=àöìéìÞèãèá=NTLSO=âÛì=Üßíæïî=éç=Üöîßì=çßÞ= íîöÞ=Ûð=Ûìîãåßæè=ãèîß=íîìÛààìäîîíæãá=åÛìÛåîäìK=aßîíÛççÛ=àöæäßì=Ûð= Ûìîãåßæ=OPKR=ã=àöìéìÞèãèá=NLOMMPI=íéç=ÜöìäÛì=áäææÛ=Þßè=N=çÛä=OMMQK=

pîéìæßåßè=êå=Üöîßì=

_öîßíÜßæéêêßè=åÛè=ðÛìãßìÛ=çßææÛè=ßîîïíßè=éÝâ=ßè=çãæäéè=ßïìé=ßææßì= âöáíî=îãé=êìéÝßèî=Ûð=àöìßáåßèÞß=åìí=éçíäîîèãèá=àöì=ðÛìäß=ãèÜæÛèÞÛî= àöìßîÛáK=

héççãííãéèßè=åæÛÞß=åì=NVSV=àöì=àöìíîÛ=áåèáßè=àöìßîÛá=Üöîßì=àöì= öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=çÛîßìãßææÛ=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìK=pßÞÛè=Þßíí=âÛì=åéçJ çãííãéèßè=àÛîîÛî=ßîî=íîéìî=ÛèîÛæ=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜöîßìK=_ßæéêêßè=âÛì= ïèÞßì=åìßèí=æéêê=åéççãî=Ûîî=öåÛ=ÜßîóÞæãáîK=rèÞßì=íßèÛìß=åì=âÛì=Þßî= àöìßåéççãî=ÜöîßíÜßæéêê=íéç=ïêêáåîî=îãææ=àæßìÛ=âïèÞìÛ=çãæäéèßì= ßïìéK=aßî=âÛì=Þå=ìöìî=íãá=éç=éçàÛîîÛèÞß=åÛìîßææßì=çßÞ=íîéìÛ=çïæîãJ èÛîãéèßææÛ=àöìßîÛá=ãèÜæÛèÞÛÞßK=

pêäèèðãÞÞßè=äì=íîéì=çßææÛè=Þßî=æäáíîÛ=éÝâ=Þßî=âöáíîÛ=ÜöîßíJ Üßæéêê=íéç=åÛè=ÞöçÛí=ïî=ßèæãáî=ÛìîãåßæèK=aßî=àãèèí=àöæäÛåîæãáßè=ßîî= íîéìî=ïîìóççß=àöì=íåöèíçäííãáÛ=ÜßÞöçèãèáÛìK=héççãííãéèßè= êïÜæãÝßìÛÞß=åì=NVVU=ìãåîæãèäßì=àöì=Üßìäåèãèá=Ûð=ÜöîßìK=aßè=ÜßìäåJ èãèáíçßîéÞ=íéç=ìßÞéðãíÛí=Üóááßì=êå=Ûîî=ßîî=áìïèÞÜßæéêê=àÛíîíîäææíK= _ßæéêêßî=åÛè=íßÞÛè=öåÛí=ðãÞ=àöìíðåìÛèÞß=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=éÝâ= çãèíåÛí=ðãÞ=àöìçãæÞìÛèÞß=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßìK=dìïèÞÜßæéêêßî=àÛíîíîäææí= çßÞ=ïîáåèáíêïèåî=àìåè=öðßìîìäÞßæíßèí=ÛææðÛì=éÝâ=ðÛìÛåîãáâßîK=oãåîJ æãèäßìèÛ=ãèèßâåææßì=ãèáÛ=ïêêáãàîßì=éç=êå=ðãæåßè=éçíäîîèãèá=îÛåßî=àöì= Üöîßì=íåÛææ=ìäåèÛí=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßèK=

f=ìäîîíàÛææßî=p^=jïíãëïß=aãààïíãéè=cìÛè ҫÛãíß=çKàæK=çéî=héççãííãéJ èßè=E”mãéèßßì”F

10

=áäéìÞß=bdJÞéçíîéæßè=ðäáæßÞÛèÞß=ïîîÛæÛèÞßè=

ÛèáåßèÞß=Üßìäåèãèáßè=Ûð=ÜöîßìK=

aéçíîéæßè=ßìãèìÛÞß=éç=Ûîî=åéççãííãéèßè=àåì=åæäááÛ=Üöîßì=éç= æäáíî=îïíßè=éÝâ=âöáíî=ßè=çãæäéè=ÜßìäåèãèáíßèâßîßìI=ßææßì=ßîî=âöáìß= Üßæéêê=íéç=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=àåì=öðßìíîãáÛ=NM=êìéÝßèî=Ûð=àöìßáåßèÞß=ìäåßèJ íåÛêíåìí=éçíäîîèãèá=àöì=ðÛìäß=àöìßîÛá=íéç=âÛì=ÞßæîÛáãî=ã=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßèK=sãÞ=àÛíîíîäææÛèÞßî=Ûð=ÜöîßíÜßæéêêßî=ãèéç=ÞßííÛ=áìäèíßì= íåÛææI=ßèæãáî=ÜßíîäççßæíßèI=âäèíóè=îÛí=îãææ=ÜåÞß=âïì=ÛææðÛìæãá=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßè=ðÛìãî=éÝâ=âïì=æäèáß=Þßè=êåáåîîK

11

aéçíîéæßè=ïîîÛæÛÞß=Ûîî=Þßè=ßèÞÛ=ïîîìóÝåæãáÛ=âäèðãíèãèáßè=îãææ= àöìßîÛáßîí=éçíäîîèãèá=ìöì=Þßè=öðìß=áìäèíßè=àöì=Üöîßì=íéç=öðßìJ íîãáßì=ßè=çãæäéè=ÜßìäåèãèáíßèâßîßìK=f=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=àÛææ=íóàîÛì=ÞßèèÛ= áìäèí=îãææ=Ûîî=àöìâãèÞìÛ=Ûîî=ÜöîßìèÛ=äì=éìãçæãáÛ=ã=àöìâåææÛèÞß=îãææ= àöìßîÛáßîí=íîéìæßåK=bàîßìíéç=Þßî=àÛåîãíåî=ßèÞÛíî=äì=Þßè=îéîÛæÛ= éçíäîîèãèáßè=íéç=ßààßåîãðî=åÛè=áß=ßè=ïèáßàäìæãá=ÛèîóÞÛè=ã=ÞßîîÛ= âäèíßßèÞßI=çåíîß=Þßè=éðÛèèäçèÞÛ=êìéÝßèîíÛîíßè=îéæåÛí=íåI=Ûîî=Þßè= âäèðãíÛì=îãææ=Þßè=îéîÛæÛ=éçíäîîèãèáßèK

12

sãÞ=ÜßÞöçèãèáßè=Ûð=âïì=ÛææðÛìæãá=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=äì=çåíîß=ßèæãáî= Þéçíîéæßè=âäèíóè=îÛí=îãææ=ßè=ìÛÞ=àÛåîéìßìI=ðÛìí=íæÛá=éÝâ=ÜßîóÞßæíß= ðÛìãßìÛì=Ûææî=ßàîßì=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=ã=àìåáÛ=éÝâ=Þß=íäìíåãæÞÛ=éçíîäèÞæãáJ âßîßìèÛ=ã=àÛææßîK=qãææ=ÞßííÛ=àÛåîéìßì=âöìI=Ûææî=ßàîßì=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßìèÛI= ðéæóçßè=Ûð=éÝâ=ðäìÞßî=êå=Þß=ðÛìéì=íéç=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=áäææßì=íÛçî= àöìßîÛáßîí=íîéìæßå=éÝâ=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=íîóìåÛ=éÝâI=àöæäÛåîæãáßèI=Þßî= ãèàæóîÛèÞß=íéç=Þßî=åïèÞß=ïîöðÛ=êå=çÛìåèÛÞßèK

13

^ð=ÞßîîÛ=àöæäßìI=å=ßèÛ=íãÞÛèI=Ûîî=Þßî=ðãÞ=àÛíîíîäææÛèÞßî=Ûð=ÜöîßìèÛ= äì=îãææåîßî=Ûîî=îÛ=âäèíóè=îãææ=íåðäæ=àöìßîÛáßîí=îéîÛæÛ=éçíäîîèãèáI=ðãæåßè= áßì=ßè=ÛèîóÞÛèI=éç=äè=ïèáßàäìæãá=éÝâ=éàïææíîäèÞãáI=éç=àöìßîÛáßîí= íîéìæßå=éÝâ=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=íîóìåÛI=íéç=Þßè=Þßæ=Ûð=ÞßèèÛ=éçíäîîèãèá= íéç=âäììöì=àìåè=Þß=ðÛìéì=íéç=äì=àöìßçåæ=àöì=öðßìîìäÞßæíßèI=éÝâ=íéç= ÞäìçßÞ=åÛè=áß=ßè=ÛèîóÞÛè=éç=ÞßèèÛ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßí=éçàÛîîèãèáK=Å= ÛèÞìÛ=íãÞÛè=àìÛçáåì=âäìÛð=Ûîî=ðÛìåßè=Þßè=ßèÛ=ßææßì=Þßè=ÛèÞìÛ=Ûð= ÞßííÛ=íãààìéì=ÛðíßßèÞß=éçíäîîèãèáßè=àåì=áßí=ßè=éêìéêéìîãéèßìæãá= ÜßîóÞßæíß=ã=àöìâåææÛèÞß=îãææ=ÛèÞìÛ=ÜßÞöçèãèáíåìãîßìãßìI=éÝâ=Ûîî=ÞäìJ àöì=àÛíîíîäææÛèÞßî=Ûð=ßîî=æäçêæãáî=ÜöîßíÜßæéêê=ãèîß=åÛè=íåß=áßèéç=ßè= ßèåßæ=Üßìäåèãèá=íéç=áìïèÞÛí=êå=Þßè=îéîÛæÛ=éçíäîîèãèáßèK=aßîîÛ= áäææßì=íäìíåãæî=èäì=Þß=ãàìåáÛðÛìÛèÞß=ðÛìéìèÛ=ßèÞÛíî=íðÛìÛì=àöì=ßè=æãîßè=

10

Mål C-100—103/80 SA Musique Diffusion Fran

ҫaise m.fl. mot Kommissionen (”Pioneer”)

[1983] REG s. 1825.

11

Punkt 118 i domen.

12

Punkt 119 i domen.

13

Punkt 120 i domen.

Þßæ=Ûð=ÞßèèÛ=éçíäîîèãèáK=aéçíîéæßè=Üöì=îÛ=âäèíóè=îãææ=ÞßííÛ=öðßìJ ðäáÛèÞßè=Þå=Þßè=ãèéç=ìÛçßè=àöì=íãè=àïææÛ=êìöðèãèáíìäîî=ÜßÞöçßì= âïì=ÛææðÛìæãáÛ=Þß=ãàìåáÛðÛìÛèÞß=öðßìîìäÞßæíßìèÛ=âÛì=ðÛìãîK

14

péç=àìÛçáåì=Ûð=ìäîîíàÛææßî=ïîáöì=ÜöîßíîÛåßî=NM=êìéÝßèî=Ûð=Þßè= îéîÛæÛ=éçíäîîèãèáßè=EàöìßáåßèÞß=ìäåßèíåÛêíåìF=àöì=ðÛìäß=àöìßîÛá= íéç=âÛì=ÞßæîÛáãî=ã=öðßìîìäÞßæíßèK=oäîîíàÛææßî=áßì=ãèîß=íîöÞ=àöì=Ûîî= ãèåæïÞßìÛ=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìßîÛáí=éçíäîîèãèá=äè=Þß=íéç=âÛì=ÞßæîÛáãî=ã=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßèK=aßî=áßì=ãèîß=âßææßì=èåáéè=ðäáæßÞèãèá=àöì=Üßìäåèãèáßè=Ûð= ÜöîßíîÛåßî=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßèK

15

_ßàìãßæíß=àìåè=ßææßì=èßÞíäîîèãèá=Ûð=Üöîßì=

héççãííãéèßè=êìßíßèîßìÛÞß=ïèÞßì=åì=OMMO=ßîî=èóîî=çßÞÞßæÛèÞß=éç= Üßàìãßæíß=àìåè=ßææßì=èßÞíäîîèãèá=Ûð=ÜöîßìK=jßÞÞßæÛèÞßî=Üóááßì=êå= êìãèÝãêßè=Ûîî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=íÛçÛìÜßîÛì=çßÞ=åéççãííãéèßè=ã=åÛìîßææJ äìßèÞßè=ïèÞßì=ðãííÛ=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=åÛè=àå=ßè=àöìçåèæãáÛìß=ÜßâÛèÞJ æãèá=äè=öðìãáÛ=ãèÜæÛèÞÛÞß=àöìßîÛáK=jßÞÞßæÛèÞßî=ßìíÛîîß=ßîî=îãÞãáÛìß= çßÞÞßæÛèÞß=àìåè=NVVSK=

8.2. Tidigare ställningstagande

f=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=Ûîî=Üßíîäççßæíßì=ãèàöìÞßí=éç=èÛîãéèßææ=îãææäçêèãèá= Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ïîîÛæÛÞß=ìßáßìãèáßè=àöæäÛèÞß=çßÞ=ÛèæßÞèãèá= Ûð=Ûîî=Þßè=âÛÞß=åéèíîÛîßìÛî=Ûîî=Þßî=àÛèèí=ßè=íåãææèÛÞ=çßææÛè=bdJ ìäîîßè=éÝâ=hi=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=âïì=Üöîßì=ìßíêßåîãðß=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßJ Ûðáãàî=íåïææß=ÜßìäåèÛí=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßèK

16

sãæåßè=ÜßîóÞßæíß=Þßè=êåîÛæÛÞß=íåãææèÛÞßè=çßææÛè=bdJìäîîßè=éÝâ= hi=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=Üßìäåèãèáßè=Ûð=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=éÝâ=Üöîßì= íåïææß=àå=ã=ßèíåãæÞÛ=àÛææ=Ûèíåáí=íðåì=Ûîî=ÜßÞöçÛ=éÝâ=Üßìé=êå=âïì=Þß= ãèÜæÛèÞÛÞß=àöìßîÛáßè=äì=éìáÛèãíßìÛÞßK=sãÞÛìß=íÛÞßí=Ûîî=Þß= ãèÜæÛèÞÛÞß=àöìßîÛáßèí=éçíäîîèãèá=ãèîß=âßææßì=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=ßèíÛçî=ÛðáöJ ìÛèÞß=àöì=Üßìäåèãèá=Ûð=íîéìæßåßè=êå=íÛèåîãéèßèI=ðãæåßî=Ûèíåáí=àìÛçJ áå=Ûð=íåðäæ=åéççãííãéèßèí=çßÞÞßæÛèÞß=íéç=OU=§=hiK=aäìîãææ=åïèÞß= êìãèÝãêßè=éç=ßåéèéçãíå=ßèâßî=íÛèèéæãåî=åéççÛ=Ûîî=Üæã=îãææäçêæãá=ã=

14

Punkt 121 i domen.

15

Se Alison Jones/Brenda Sufrin, EC Competition Law, 2001, s. 905 f, Ritter m.fl., European Competition Law, A Practitioner’s guide, 2nd edition, 2000, s. 895. Se även Kerse, E.C. Antitrust Procedure, Fourth edition, 1998 s. 315.

16

Prop. 1999/2000:140 s. 196 f.

ðãííÛ=àÛææK=Äðßè=ßîî=çéÞßìÜéæÛá=Ûèíåáí=íåæßÞßí=åïèèÛ=áöìÛí= ÛèíðÛìãáî=àöì=åéèåïììßèííîìãÞãáÛ=àöìàÛìÛèÞßè=íéç=ðãÞîÛáãîí=Ûð=ßîî= ßææßì=àæßìÛ=ÞéîîßìÜéæÛáI=ðãæåßî=çßÞàöì=Ûîî=ÜåÞß=çéÞßìÜéæÛá=éÝâ= ÞéîîßìÜéæÛá=åÛè=åÞöçÛí=íÛèåîãéèßìK=

sãÞÛìß=èéîßìÛÞßí=Ûîî=ÜæÛèÞ=Þß=æäèÞßì=íéç=îãææåîßì=èÛîãéèßææ= îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð=Ûìîãåßæ=UN=éÝâ=UO=cìÛèåìãåß=éÝâ=qóíåæÛèÞ=âÛÞß= íÛèåîãéèíÜßíîäççßæíßì=íéç=íåãæäßì=íãá=àìåè=Þß=íÛèåîãéèßì=íéç=åÛè= ÞöçÛí=ïî=ßèæãáî=àöìéìÞèãèá=NTLSOK=bèæãáî=àìÛèíå=æÛáíîãàîèãèáßè=åÛè= Üöîßì=íéç=åÞöçí=àöìßîÛá=ïêêáå=îãææ=àßç=êìéÝßèî=Ûð=Þß=ãèÜæÛèÞÛÞß= àöìßîÛáßèí=éçíäîîèãèáK=bèæãáî=îóíå=ìäîî=åÛè=ãèÜæÛèÞÛÞß=àöìßîÛá= åÞöçÛí=Üöîßì=íéç=åÛè=ïêêáå=îãææ=ßè=çãæäéè=îóíåÛ=çÛìå=íÛçî=ïêê=îãææ= îìß=áåèáßì=Þßè=ðãèíî=íéç=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=æßîî=îãææK=cöì=Ûîî=Üöîßì=íåÛææ= åïèèÛ=ÞöçÛí=ïî=åìäðí=ßçßææßìîãÞ=Ûîî=ßîî=àöìÜïÞíÜßíæïî=öðßìîìäîîíK= pãíîèäçèÞÛ=Üßíîäççßæíß=îãææåéç=àöì=Ûîî=ßæãçãèßìÛ=ìãíåßè=àöì=Ûîî=ßîî= Üßíæïî=Ûð=Þßè=îóíåÛ=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßè=íåïææß=åéççÛ=Ûîî= íîìãÞÛ=çéî=ßîî=Üßíæïî=Ûð=åéççãííãéèßè=éç=ïèÞÛèîÛáK=aßè=îóíåÛ= åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßè=_ïèÞßíåÛìîßææÛçî=Ûèíåá=Ûîî=íåãææèÛÞßè= çßææÛè=îóíå=ìäîî=éÝâ=bdJìäîîßè=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=çöäæãáâßîßè=Ûîî=ÞöçÛ=ïî= íÛèåîãéèßì=ãèîß=ïêêàÛîîÛîí=íéç=ßîî=íîéìî=êìéÜæßçK=

f=ßîî=ßèíåãæî=àÛææ=íåïææß=íåãææèÛÞßè=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=áìïèÞßè=àöì= Üßìäåèãèá=Ûð=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ìßíêßåîãðß=Üöîßì=åïèèÛ=æßÞÛ= îãææ=Ûîî=Þßè=íÛèåîãéè=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=åÛè=ÞìÛÜÜÛí=Ûð=ßèæãáî=hi=Üæãì=ÛðíßJ ðäìî=æãèÞìãáÛìß=äè=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=íÛèåîãéè=íéç=íåïææß=åïèèÛî=ÞöçÛí= ïî=ßèæãáî=bdJìäîîßèK=héèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=íåïææß=ÞäìçßÞ=Üæã= çãèÞìß=ßààßåîãð=íéç=íÛèåîãéèK=^ææîàöì=íîéìÛ=íåãææèÛÞßì=çßææÛè=Þß= íÛèåîãéèßì=íéç=åÛè=åéççÛ=ã=àìåáÛ=ßèæãáî=Þß=éæãåÛ=èÛîãéèßææÛ= åéèåïììßèíæÛáíîãàîèãèáÛìèÛ=ãèéç=br=íåïææß=éÝåíå=åïèèÛ=æßÞÛ=îãææ= Ûîî=ßòßçêßæðãí=ßè=åæÛáÛèÞß=ðäèÞßì=íãá=îãææ=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßè=ã= Þßî=æÛèÞ=íéç=âÛì=Þß=çßíî=åìÛàîàïææÛ=íÛèåîãéèßìèÛK=aßî=Ûèíåáí=Þäìàöì= àãèèÛí=íåäæ=íéç=çßÞ=ðãíí=íîóìåÛ=îÛæÛÞß=àöì=Ûîî=ßè=âßæ=åéèÝßìèí= éçíäîîèãèá=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=æãááÛ=îãææ=áìïèÞ=àöì=Üßìäåèãèá=Ûð=åéèåïìJ ìßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîK=

bèæãáî=Þß=Þå=îãææáäèáæãáÛ=ïêêáãàîßì=âÛÞß=åéççãííãéèßè=ÛæÞìãá=ã= èåáéî=àÛææ=Þöçî=ïî=Üöîßì=íéç=æßáÛî=ã=èäìâßîßè=Ûð=îãé=êìéÝßèî=Ûð=ßè= âßæ=åéèÝßìèí=éçíäîîèãèáK=sãÞÛìß=åïèÞß=Þßè=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=ßèâßîßèí= êìãèÝãê=åéççÛ=Ûîî=îãææäçêÛí=ã=ðãííÛ=àÛææK=aßè=àéìçßææÛ=íåãææèÛÞßè= çßææÛè=bdJìäîîßè=éÝâ=Þßè=íðßèíåÛ=ìäîîßè=åïèÞß=íåæßÞßí=ÛèîÛí=àå= ÜßáìäèíÛÞ=êìÛåîãíå=ÜßîóÞßæíßK=aßè=îóíåÛ=ìäîîßè=Ûèíåáí=íåãæäÛ=íãá=àìåè= bdJìäîîßè=ã=ÞßîîÛ=âäèíßßèÞß=çßì=äè=ðÛÞ=Þßè=íðßèíåÛ=ìäîîßè=áäéìÞß= ïîÛè=Ûîî=Þßî=âÛì=ïêêàÛîîÛîí=íéç=ßè=éæäáßèâßîK=

^ð=Þßî=ÛèàöìÞÛ=Þìéáí=íæïîíÛîíßè=Ûîî=Þß=áäææÛèÞß=ìßáæßìèÛ=éç= åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ðÛì=îãææìäÝåæãáî=ðßìåèãèáíàïææÛ=àöì=Ûîî=åïèèÛ= îãææäçêÛí=êå=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=bdJìäîîßèK=pÛççÛ=êìãèÝãêßì=àöì= Üßìäåèãèá=Ûð=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßèí=íîéìæßå=Ûèíåáí=Þäìàöì= åïèèÛ=îãææäçêÛí=éÛðíßîî=éç=Þßî=äì=àìåáÛ=éç=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=bdJ ìäîîßè=ßææßì=Ûð=hiK=

8.3. Kommittédirektiven

^ð=åéççãîîéÞãìßåîãðßè=àìÛçáåì=àöæäÛèÞßK=sãåîßè=Ûð=ìäîîíæãåâßî= çßææÛè=Þßî=áßçßèíåÛêíìäîîíæãáÛ=ìßáßæðßìåßî=éÝâ=Þß=íðßèíåÛ= åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ=âÛì=ïèÞßìíîìïåãîí=ã=àæßìÛ=æÛáíîãàîèãèáííÛççÛèJ âÛèáK=f=ðãííÛ=ÛðíßßèÞßè=íîäççßì=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=Þßè=íðßèíåÛ=æÛáíîãàîJ èãèáßè=çßÞ=bdJìäîîßèK=aßîîÛ=åÛè=Üßìé=êå=çßÞðßîèÛ=íîäææèãèáíJ îÛáÛèÞßè=ßææßì=êå=Ûîî=bdJìäîîíæãá=êìÛòãí=äèÞìÛîí=êå=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=íäîî=Ûîî= Þßè=íðßèíåÛ=ìßáæßìãèáßè=åÛè=ÜßâöðÛ=éçêìöðÛíK=

aß=áìïèÞæäááÛèÞß=àöìïîíäîîèãèáÛìèÛ=àöì=Ûîî=ÞöçÛ=ïî=Üöîßì=ßèæãáî= bdJìäîîßè=ìßíêßåîãðß=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ßèæãáî=hi=îéìÞß=ðÛìÛ= ÞßíÛççÛK=hiWí=ìßáæßì=éç=íîéìæßåßè=êå=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=äì= ã=íîéìî=íßîî=ãÞßèîãíåÛ=çßÞ=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=Üßíîäççßæíßì=ã=bdJìäîîßèK= aßî=àãèèí=ßçßææßìîãÞ=ßè=íåãææèÛÞK=bèæãáî=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ=îãææ=hi

17

=íåÛææ=

ßèÞÛíî=Þßî=ÜßìöìÞÛ=àöìßîÛáßîí=éçíäîîèãèá=ÜßÛåîÛí=èäì=Ûðáãàîßè= ÜßíîäçíK=bèæãáî=bdJìäîîíæãá=êìÛòãí=åÛè=Þäìßçéî=ßè=âßæ=åéèÝßìèí= éçíäîîèãèá=æãááÛ=îãææ=áìïèÞ=àöì=Üßìäåèãèáßè=Ûð=ÜöîßìK=qãÞãáÛìß= áäéìÞßí=íéç=Üßíåìãðãîí=éðÛè=ÜßÞöçèãèáßè=Ûîî=hiWí=èïðÛìÛèÞß= Üßíîäççßæíß=éç=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ðÛì=îãææìäÝåæãáî=ðßìåèãèáíJ àïææ=àöì=Ûîî=åïèèÛ=îãææäçêÛí=êå=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=bdJìäîîßèK=

sãåîßè=Ûð=ìäîîíæãåâßî=çßææÛè=Þßî=áßçßèíåÛêíìäîîíæãáÛ=ìßáßæðßìåßî= éÝâ=Þßî=íðßèíåÛ=âÛì=ïèÞßìíîìïåãîí=ã=àæßìÛ=æÛáíîãàîèãèáííÛççÛèâÛèá= íÛçîãÞãáî=íéç=ìßáæßìèÛ=éç=âïì=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßèí=íîéìæßå= Üßíîäçí=äì=ÜßîóÞßæíßàïææÛ=àöì=íÛèåîãéèßìèÛí=ßààßåîãðãîßîK=rîìßÞÛìßè= íåÛææ=Þäìàöì=öðßìðäáÛ=éç=Þßî=àãèèí=ÛèæßÞèãèá=îãææ=ßîî=ÛèèÛî=íîäææJ èãèáíîÛáÛèÞß=äè=îãÞãáÛìß=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=íäîîßî=Ûîî=ÜßìäåèÛ=åéèåïììßèíJ íåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßèK=

17

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 93.

8.4. Utredningens överväganden

UKQKN=fèæßÞèãèá=

héççãîîéÞãìßåîãðßèí=ïîáåèáíêïèåî=äì=Ûîî=íåãææèÛÞßì=çßææÛè=bdJ ìäîîßè=éÝâ=íðßèíå=ìäîî=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=íäîîßî=Ûîî=ÜßìäåèÛ=Üöîßì=ìßíêßåîãðß= åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßè=íåÛææ=ïîääçèÛíI=éç= Þßî=äì=çöäæãáîK=bè=àöìíîÛ=àìåáÛ=Ûîî=îÛ=íîäææèãèá=îãææ=äì=éç=Þßî=äì=ìãåîãáî= Ûîî=Þßî=àãèèí=ßè=íåÞÛè=íåãææèÛÞ=çßææÛè=hi=éÝâ=bdJìäîîßè=íéç= Þãìßåîãðßè=àöìïîíäîîßìK=

UKQKO= qÛåßî=àöì=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=ÜßÞöçèãèáW=kïðÛìÛèÞß=ìßáæßì=éç=îÛåßî=àöì= åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ÜßâåææíK=

^ð=ïîîìóÝåæãáÛ=Üßíîäççßæíßì=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=ðÛìåßè=Üöîßì=ßææßì=åéèåïìJ ìßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=àåì=öðßìíîãáÛ=NM=êìéÝßèî=Ûð=àöìßáåßèÞß=ìäåßèíåÛêíJ åìí=éçíäîîèãèáK

18

=oßáæßìèÛ=Ûèáßì=âöáíîÛ=îãææåîèÛ=ÜöîßíÜßæéêêK=eïì=

îÛåßî=íåÛææ=ÜßìäåèÛí=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßè=àìÛçáåì=ãèîß=Ûð=ÜßíîäçJ çßæíßè=ã=hi=éÝâ=ãèîß=âßææßì=Ûð=bdJìäîîßèK

19

f=íêßÝãÛæçéîãðßìãèáßè=îãææ=OT=§=hi=àãèèí=ðãííßìæãáßè=ßîî=ïîîÛæÛèÞß= íéç=âÛì=èäçèîí=ã=Þßî=àöìßáåßèÞß=Eíß=Ûðíèãîî=UKNKNF=éÝâ=íéç=åîßìáßí= ã=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=ÞãìßåîãðK=aäì=íäáíW=”aßî=àãèèí=Ûææîíå=ãèîß=íéç=ãèéç= bd=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=ïîáå=àìåè=ßè=âßæ=åéèÝßìèí=éçíäîîèãèá=ðãÞ= Üßìäåèãèá=Ûð=’Üöîßì’=àöì=ßîî=åéèÝßìèàöìßîÛá”K

20

=rîîÛæÛèÞßî=âÛèÞæÛì=

ßçßææßìîãÞ=ßèæãáî=íãè=éìÞÛæóÞßæíß=éç=âïì=Üöîßì=íåÛææ=ÜßíîäççÛíI=ãèîß= éç=âïì=îÛåßî=àöì=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=íåÛææ=ÜßíîäççÛí=ã= åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßèK=aßè=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßè=Ûîî=ïîîÛæÛèÞßî=íîåì=ã= Ûèíæïîèãèá=îãææ=OT=§=hi=íéç=âÛèÞæÛì=éç=îÛåßî=àöì=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßJ ÛðáãàîI=éÝâ=íéç=äì=Þßè=ßèÞÛ=Üßíîäççßæíßè=Þäì=àöìßîÛáßîí=éçíäîîJ èãèá=âÛì=ÜßîóÞßæíßI=îÛæÛì=àöì=Ûîî=ïîîÛæÛèÞßî=äèÞå=îÛì=íãåîß=êå=Þßî= çÛòãçÛæÛ=Üßæéêêßî=àöì=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîK=sãÞ=Üßìäåèãèáßè=Ûð= îÛåßî=ßèæãáî=hi=íåÛææ=íåæßÞßí=àöìßîÛáßîí=éçíäîîèãèáI=çßè=ãèîß=åéèJ Ýßìèßèí=éçíäîîèãèá=îãææäçêÛí=êå=NM=êìéÝßèîíJìßáßæèK=

18

Artikel 23.2 i förordning 1/2003 respektive 27 § KL.

19

Förordning 1/2003 och kommissionens riktlinjer säger ingenting på den punkten. Enligt Alison Jones/Brenda Sufrin, EC Competition Law, 2001, s. 905, är det inte specificerat vilken omsättning som 10-procentsregeln skall gälla på.

20

Prop 1992/93:56 s. 92.

rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=ãèîß=åïèèÛî=àãèèÛ=Üßæäáá=àöì=Ûîî=Þßî=àãèèí=èåáéè= íåãææèÛÞ=çßææÛè=bdJìäîîßè=éÝâ=hi=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=íäîîßî=Ûîî=ÜßìäåèÛ= îÛåßî=àöì=Üöîßì=ìßíêßåîãðß=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ã=åéèÝßìèJ àöìâåææÛèÞßèK=péç=èäçèîí=àìÛçáåì=ðÛìåßè=Ûð=ìßáæßìãèáßè=ã=àöìéìÞJ èãèá=NLOMMP=ßææßì=åéççãííãéèßèí=ìãåîæãèäßì=àöì=Üßìäåèãèá=Ûð=Üöîßì= âïì=îÛåßî=êå=ÜöîßìèÛ=íåÛææ=ÜßíîäççÛí=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßèK=f=Þßè= bdJìäîîíæãáÛ=Þéåîìãèßè=âÛì=íÛáîí=Ûîî=ßè=àöìßîÛáíáìïêê=íéç=íåÞÛè= ãèîß=åÛè=åæäááÛí=ÜöîßìI=ßàîßìíéç=ßè=àöìßîÛáíáìïêê=ãèîß=ïîáöì=ßè= äïìãÞãíå=ßèâßîK

21

=aäìßçéî=åÛè=ßîî=ÞéîîßìÜéæÛá=éÝâ=ßîî=çéÞßìÜéæÛá=

ßææßì=îãææ=éÝâ=çßÞ=ÜåÞÛ=íÛçîãÞãáî=åæäááÛí=Ûîî=ÜßîÛæÛ=Üöîßì=àöì=ßè= öðßìîìäÞßæíßK=aßîîÛ=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=Þßî=çÛòãçÛæÛ=ÜöîßíÜßæéêêßî=åÛè=Üæã= âöáìß=äè=éç=ßèÞÛíî=ßîî=Ûð=àöìßîÛáßè=åæäááí=ÜöîßìK=péç=àìÛçáåîî= éðÛè=âÛì=bdJÞéçíîéæßè=ã=ìäîîíàÛææßî=p^=jïíãëïß=aãààïíãéè=cìÛè ҫÛãíß= çKàæK=çéî=héççãííãéèßè=E”mãéèßßì”F=åæÛìáäéìî=Ûîî=îÛåßî=äì=NM=êìéJ Ýßèî=Ûð=Þßè=îéîÛæÛ=éçíäîîèãèáßè=EàöìßáåßèÞß=ìäåßèíåÛêíåìF=àöì= ðÛìäß=àöìßîÛá=íéç=âÛì=ÞßæîÛáãî=ã=öðßìîìäÞßæíßèK=oäîîíàÛææßî=áßì=ãèîß= íîöÞ=àöì=Ûîî=ãèåæïÞßìÛ=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìßîÛáí=éçíäîîèãèá=äè=Þß=íéç=âÛì= ÞßæîÛáãî=ã=öðßìîìäÞßæíßèK=aßî=áßì=ãèîß=âßææßì=èåáéè=ðäáæßÞèãèá=àöì= Üßìäåèãèáßè=Ûð=Üöîßì=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßèK=

pÛççÛèàÛîîèãèáíðãí=àãèèßì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûîî=hi=ãèîß=Üßâöðßì= äèÞìÛíI=ßàîßìíéç=Þßî=ãèîß=åÛè=ÜßæäááÛí=Ûîî=Þßî=àãèèí=èåáéè=íåãææèÛÞ= çßææÛè=bdJìäîîßè=éÝâ=hi=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=Ûîî=ÜßíîäççÛ=îÛåßî=àöì= Üöîßì=ìßíêßåîãðß=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ðãÞ=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßèI= äè=çãèÞìß=ðÛÞ=Þßè=íåãææèÛÞßè=íåïææß=Üßíîå=ãK=

UKQKP= _ßìäåèãèá=Ûð=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=ÜßÞöçèãèá=W=aßî=àåì=Ûèíßí=àöæäÛ=ìßÞÛè=Ûð=áäæJ æÛèÞß=ìßáæßì=éç=ÜßíîäççÛèÞß=Ûð=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=Ûîî= àöìßîÛáßîí=ßææßì=àöìßîÛáíáìïêêßèí=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=íîóìåÛ=åÛè= ÜßÛåîÛí=íå=Ûîî=Ûðáãàîßè=àåì=ßè=îãææìäÝåæãáî=ÛðíåìäÝåÛèÞß=ßààßåîK=

eïì=ÜöîßìèÛ=éÝâ=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=íåÛææ=ÜßìäåèÛí=äì=ßè= ÛèèÛè=íÛå=äè=âïì=ÜßæéêêíîÛåßî=íåÛææ=ÜßìäåèÛí=éÝâ=ãèîß=èöÞðäèÞãáîJ ðãí=åèïîßî=îãææ=àöìßîÛáßèí=éçíäîîèãèáK

22

=käì=Üßæéêêßî=àÛíîíîäææí=àöì=

21

Ritter m.fl., European Competition Law, A Practitioner’s guide, 2nd edition, 2000, s. 891. Se även Kerse, E.C. Antitrust Procedure, Fourth edition, 1998 s. 286 ff. och Bellamy & Child, European Community Law of Competition, Fifth edition, 2001, s. 943 f.

22

Att omsättningen skulle fungera som en parameter motsägs direkt av Kerse, E.C. Antitrust Procedure, Fourth edition, 1998 s. 315.

Üöîßì=ßææßì=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=íåÛææI=áßèéç=ïîîìóÝåæãáÛ=ìßáæßì= âäìéçI=âäèíóè=îÛí=ÜåÞß=îãææ=âïì=ÛææðÛìæãá=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=äì=éÝâ=âïì= æäèáß=Þßè=êåáåîîK

23

=aßííÛ=Üßíîäççßæíßì=àóææí=àöì=bdJìäîîßèí=Þßæ=ïî=

Ûð=åéççãííãéèßèí=ìãåîæãèäßì=àöì=Üßìäåèãèá=Ûð=ÜöîßìK=oãåîæãèäßìèÛ= Üóááßì=êå=ßîî=íóíîßç=çßÞ=áìïèÞÜßæéêê=éÝâ=îãææäááíÜßæéêêK=bè= éçíîäèÞãáâßî=íéç=åÛè=íêßæÛ=ãè=ðãÞ=Üßìäåèãèáßè=Ûð=áìïèÞÜßæéêêßî= äì=Þß=ãèÜæÛèÞÛÞß=àöìßîÛáßèí=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=åÛêÛÝãîßî=Ûîî=ðåææÛ=àìÛçàöì= Ûææî=åéèíïçßèîßìèÛ=ÜßîóÞÛèÞß=íåÛÞÛK=aß=Üöîßì=íéç=àÛíîíîäææí=íåÛææ= ßèæãáî=ìãåîæãèäßìèÛ=Þäìàöì=æãááÛ=êå=ßè=íåÞÛè=èãðå=Ûîî=Þß=äì=ÛðíåìäÝåJ ÛèÞßK

24

_ßîìäààÛèÞß=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßèí=ÜßîóÞßæíß=Þå=ÜöîßìèÛí=ìßíêßåJ îãðß=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßèí=Üßæéêê=íåÛææ=ÜßíîäççÛí=àöìßàÛææßì= Þßî=îðãðßæÛåîãáî=éç=Þßî=ðßìåæãáßè=àãèèí=ßè=íåÞÛè=íåãææèÛÞ=çßææÛè= bdJìäîîßè=éÝâ=hi=íéç=âÛì=àöìïîíÛîîí=ã=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=ÞãìßåîãðK=

bè=ÛèèÛè=íÛå=äì=Ûîî=àöìßîÛáßîí=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=íîóìåÛ=äì=ßè= éçíîäèÞãáâßî=ÜæÛèÞ=àæßìÛ=íéç=åÛè=ÜßÛåîÛí=ßèæãáî=bdJìäîîßè=çßè= âïì=Þßî=íåÛææ=îãææäçêÛí=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßè=îóÝåí=ãèîß=ðÛìÛ=àÛíîJ íæÛáßî=ã=èåáéè=íîìãåî=ìßáßæK

25

=sÛÞ=íéç=äì=áäææÛèÞß=ìäîî=ã=Þßî=ÛðíßßèÞßî=

ßèæãáî=hi=àöìßàÛææßì=éåæÛìîK=

_ßíîäççßæíßì=éç=âïì=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßèí=Üßæéêê=íåÛææ= àÛíîíîäææÛí=ã=ßîî=ßèíåãæî=àÛææ=àãèèí=ã=OU=éÝâ=OU=Û=§§=hiI=íéç=àãÝå=íãè= èïðÛìÛèÞß=ïîàéìçèãèá=åì=OMMOK=^ð=ßîî=îãÞãáÛìß=çéîãðïîîÛæÛèÞß= àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ïîîöççÛèÞß=ìßáæßìÛì=ðãæåÛ=âäèíóè=íéç= íåÛææ=îÛí=èäì=Ûðáãàîßè=àÛíîíîäææíK

26

f=OU=§=hi=Ûèáßí=ðãæåÛ=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=âäèàöìæãáÛ=íãá=îãææ=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßè=íéç=íåÛææ=ÜßÛåîÛíK=eäèíóè=íåÛææ=îÛí=îãææ=âïì=ÛææðÛìæãá=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßè=äìI=âïì=æäèáß=Þßè=êåáåîîI=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìíðåìÛèÞß=ßææßì=àöìJ çãæÞìÛèÞß=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=Ûð=ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=Ûîî=ÜßÞöçÛ=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßèK=f=ìãèáÛ=àÛææ=íåÛææ=ãèáßè=Ûðáãàî=êåàöìÛíK=

f=OU=Û=§=hi=Ûèáßí=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=âäèàöìæãáÛ=îãææ=àöìßîÛáßî=ã=àìåáÛ= íéç=çßÞàöì=Ûîî=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=àåì=àÛíîíîäææÛí=îãææ=ßîî=æäáìß= ßææßì=âöáìß=Üßæéêê=äè=ðÛÞ=íéç=Üéìî=íåß=çßÞ=îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð=OU=§=hiK= ^ðáãàîßè=àåì=íäîîÛí=æäáìß=éç=àöìßîÛáßî=ã=ðäíßèîæãá=çåè=âÛì=ïèÞßìJ æäîîÛî=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûð=Þßè=ßáèÛ=ßææßì=ÛèÞìÛí=çßÞðßìåÛè=ã=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßè=ßææßì=éç=Þßî=àöìßæãááßì=ÛèÞìÛ=íäìíåãæÞÛ=íåäæ=íéç=âäèàöì=íãá= îãææ=àöìßîÛáßîK=^ðáãàîßè=àåì=íäîîÛí=âöáìß=éç=àöìßîÛáßî=îãÞãáÛìß=âÛì=

23

Artikel 23.3 i förordning 1/2003 respektive 28 § KL.

24

Kommissionens riktlinjer för beräkning av böter som dömts ut enligt artikel 15 (2) förordning nr 17 och artikel 65 (5) i EKSG-fördraget EGT nr C 9, 14.1.1998, 1) A.

25

Jfr. EG-domstolens avgörande i mål C-338/00 Volkswagen AG, [2003] REG s 000, punkt 149.

26

Prop. 1999/2000:140 s. 253.

öðßìîìäîî=àöìÜïÞ=ßèæãáî=hiK=eäì=íäáí=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=Ûîî=àöìßîÛáßîí=àãèÛèJ íãßææÛ=íîóìåÛ=àåì=ÜßÛåîÛí=íéç=ßè=íääæðíîäèÞãá=àÛåîéìK=fèîß=âßææßì=íäáí= Ûîî=Ûðáãàîßè=íåÛææ=ÜßíîäççÛí=êå=íåÞÛèî=íäîî=Ûîî=Þßè=ðßìåÛì=ÛðâåææÛèÞß= êå=àöìßîÛáßî=ã=àìåáÛ=éÝâ=ÛðíåìäÝåÛèÞß=êå=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìßîÛáK

27

=cöìßîÛáßîí=

éçíäîîèãèá=èäçèí=ãèîß=âßææßìK=

jöäæãáßè=ãèèßÜäì=ïîàéìçèãèáßè=Ûð=OU=Û=§=hi=ßè=íåãææèÛÞ=çßææÛè= bdJìäîîßè=éÝâ=hi=Ûð=ßîî=ÛèèÛî=íæÛá=äè=Þßè=íéç=èäçèí=ã=ÞãìßåîãðßèK= påãææèÛÞßè=íåïææß=áå=ïî=êå=Ûîî=ÜöîßíÜßæéêê=ßèæãáî=bdJìäîîßè=àåì= ÜßíîäççÛí=çßÞ=ÜßÛåîÛèÞß=Ûð=àöìßîÛáßîí=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=íîóìåÛI=çßÞÛè= íå=ãèîß=íåïææß=åïèèÛ=íåß=ßèæãáî=hiK=fèáßî=ã=àöìÛìÜßîíïîîÛæÛèÞßèÛ= çéîíäáßì=ÞéÝå=Ûîî=âäèíóè=íåïææß=åïèèÛ=îÛí=îãææ=àöìßîÛáßîí=ßåéèéJ çãíåÛ=íîóìåÛ=ãèéç=ìÛçßè=àöì=ÜßÞöçèãèáßè=Ûð=öðßìîìäÞßæíßèí=ÛææðÛì= èäì=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßèí=íîéìæßå=ÜßíîäçíK=héççãííãéèßèí= ìãåîæãèäßì=íóèßí=âÛ=ÞßèèÛ=ãèèßÜöìÞK=jßÞ=âäèíóè=îãææ=Þßè=íîÛìåÛ= åéêêæãèá=íéç=hi=âÛì=îãææ=bdJìäîîßè=Üöì=Þßî=ðÛìÛ=çöäæãáî=Ûîî= îãææäçêÛ=hiWí=Üßíîäççßæíßì=ã=ÞßîîÛ=âäèíßßèÞß=ã=öðßìßèííîäççßæíß= çßÞ=bdJìäîîßèI=èäì=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ=ãèîß=îÛæÛì=ÞäìßçéîK=bèæãáî=ïîìßÞJ èãèáßèí=çßèãèá=åÛè=íåæßÞßí=ìßÞÛè=Þß=áäææÛèÞß=ìßáæßìèÛ=îãææäçêÛí=ðãÞ= ÜßíîäççÛèÞß=Ûð=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=íå=Ûîî=àöìßîÛáßîí=ßææßì= àöìßîÛáíáìïêêßèí=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=íîóìåÛ=åÛè=ÜßÛåîÛíI=àöì=Ûîî=Ûðáãàîßè= íåÛææ=àå=ßè=îãææìäÝåæãáî=ÛðíåìäÝåÛèÞß=ßààßåîK=

UKQKQ= jéÞßìÜéæÛáßîí=ÛèíðÛì=àöì=ÞéîîßìÜéæÛáßîí=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=

bè=âßæî=ÛèèÛè=àìåáÛ=íéç=ÛåîïÛæãíßìÛí=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßè=äì=éç= ßîî=çéÞßìàöìßîÛá=åÛè=áöìÛí=ÛèíðÛìãáî=àöì=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=åéèåïìJ ìßèíàöìÜïÞßè=íéç=Üßáåí=Ûð=ßîî=ÞéîîßìàöìßîÛáK=aéçíîéæíÛðáöìÛèÞßè= îóÞßì=êå=Ûîî=íðÛìßî=äì=äÛ=íåðäæ=ßèæãáî=bdJìäîîßè=íéç=ßèæãáî=hiK= jÛìåèÛÞíÞéçíîéæßèI=Ûèíåá=ã=qßæãÛJàÛææßîI

28

=Ûîî=çéÞßìÜéæÛáßîI=qßæãÛ=

^_I=ðÛì=íåóæÞãáî=Ûîî=ÜßîÛæÛ=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=àöì=ÞéîîßìJ ÜéæÛáßîíI=qßæãÛ=eÛèÞßæ=^_WíI=öðßìîìäÞßæíßK=jßè=Ûð=Þßî=àöæäßì=ãèîß=Ûîî= çéÞßìÜéæÛáßîí=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=íåÛææ=àÛíîíîäææÛí=çßÞ=åéèJ Ýßìèßèí=éçíäîîèãèá=íéç=êÛìÛçßîßìK=^ðáãàîßèí=Üßæéêê=æäì=àå=ÜßíîäçJ çÛí=ßèæãáî=Þß=ìßáæßì=íéç=áäææßì=ã=Ûææçäèâßî=èäì=çéÞßìÜéæÛáßî=íääæðî= âÛì=öðßìîìäîî=àöìÜïÞßèK=

27

Jfr de ursprungliga motiven (prop. 1992/93:56 s. 93).

28

MD 2001:30, Telia./.Konkurrensverket (dom den 2001-12-19).

9. Undersökning i privata utrymmen m.m.

9.1. Bakgrund

VKNKN=cöìéìÞèãèá= NLOMMP=

f=êïèåî=OS=ã=ãèáìßííßè=îãææ=àöìéìÞèãèá=NLOMMP=íäáí=àöæäÛèÞßK=

Erfarenheten har visat att det förekommer att affärshandlingar förvaras hemma hos företagens ledare och andra personer som arbetar för företagen. För att inspektionerna skall kunna vara effektiva bör tjänstemän och andra av kommissionen bemyndigade personer få tillträde till alla lokaler där affärshandlingar kan förvaras, även privata bostäder. Utövandet av sistnämnda befogenhet bör dock vara underordnat ett tillstånd från en rättslig myndighet.

f=Ûìîãåßæ=OM=ã=àöìéìÞèãèá=NLOMMP=àãèèí=Üßíîäççßæíßì=éç=åéççãíJ íãéèßèí=ãèíêßåîãéèßì=âéí=àöìßîÛá=éÝâ=àöìßîÛáííÛççÛèíæïîèãèáÛìK= bèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ=ON=ã=àöìéìÞèãèáßè=àåì=åéççãííãéèßè=àöìßîÛ=ßè=ãèíêßåJ îãéè=ã=ÛèÞìÛ=æéåÛæßìI=ãèåæïíãðß=Þß=ÜßìöìÞÛ=àöìßîÛáßèí=ßææßì=àöìßîÛáíJ íÛççÛèíæïîèãèáÛìèÛí=æßÞÛìßíI=Þãìßåîöìßìí=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=çßÞÛìÜßîÛìßí= ÜéíîäÞßìI=éç=Þßî=àãèèí=ìãçæãá=çãííîÛèåß=éç=Ûîî=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=âÛì= íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=àöìßçåæßî=àöì=ãèíêßåîãéèßè=éÝâ=íéç=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=Ûð= ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=Ûîî=ÜßðãíÛ=ßè=ÛææðÛìæãá=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=àöìðÛìÛí=ã=æéåÛæßìèÛK= ^îî=Üßíîäççßæíßè=áäææßì=æßÞÛìßíI=Þãìßåîöìßìí=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=çßÞJ ÛìÜßîÛìßí=ÜéíîäÞßì=äì=èóîî=ã=àöìâåææÛèÞß=îãææ=àöìéìÞèãèá=NTLSOK=

dßèéç=Ûîî=pðßìãáß=Þßæîéá=ã=ìåÞßîí=Üßíæïî=Ûîî=ÛèîÛ=àöìéìÞèãèáßè= âÛì=pðßìãáß=ÛÝÝßêîßìÛî=Ûîî=íðßèíåÛ=àöìßîÛáíæßÞÛìß=åÛè=ïîíäîîÛí=àöì= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=Ûð=åéççãííãéèßè=ã=ÜæKÛK=êìãðÛîÛ=ÜéíîäÞßìK=héèåïìJ ìßèíðßìåßî=åÛè=åéççÛ=Ûîî=àå=Üãíîå=åéççãííãéèßè=ã=ßè=íåÞÛè=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèá=ßàîßì=Þßè=N=çÛä=OMMQK=

VKNKO= aßæÜßîäèåÛèÞßî=oßàéìçßìÛÞ=åéèåïììßèíöðßìðÛåèãèá=

f=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞßî=oßàéìçßìÛÞ=åéèåïììßèíöðßìðÛåèãèá=Eplr= OMMPWTPF=ÛèàöìÞß=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=àöæäÛèÞßK=

Bestämmelser om undersökningar hos andra än det misstänkta företaget finns i 48 § KL, som enligt 2 § 1994 års lag är tillämplig även när EG-rätten tillämpas. I 48 § KL sägs att ett beslut om en undersökning får avse ”någon annan” än det företag som är föremål för utredning. Lagtexten anger inte att möjligheten att företa undersökningar skulle vara begränsad till vissa slag av personer eller utrymmen. Sålunda föreskrivs inte några restriktioner beträffande undersökningar i privata hem. I förarbetena redovisas inga överväganden i den frågan. Med tanke på de ingripande verkningarna av undersökningar i privata hem hade man kunnat förvänta sig ett uttryckligt ställningstagande. I avsaknad härav framstår lagstiftarens avsikt som oviss. Frågan har inte prövats i domstol. Om nu bestämmelsen i 48 § KL skall tillämpas på undersökningar i privata hem, kan noteras att det för tillstånd krävs att det finns ”särskild anledning” att anta att bevis finns hos den som ansökan avser. Detta kan jämföras med kraven för husrannsakan enligt rättegångsbalken, som är högre ställda. För att en husrannsakan skall få ske hos annan än den som misstänks för brottet krävs att ”eljest synnerlig anledning förekommer att genom rannsakningen föremål, som är underkastat beslag, skall anträffas eller annan utredning om brottet

ðãèèÛí”=EOU=åÛêK=N=§=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=o_FK

rîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûèíåá=Ûîî=Þß=èï=ÞãíåïîßìÛÞß=àìåáéìèÛ=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=ìäÝåJ ðãÞÞßè=Ûð=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=Üßàéáßèâßîßì=ßèæãáî=QU=§=hi=ãèîß= ÜßâöðÞß=ÜßíðÛìÛí=çßÞ=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûð=Ûîî=bdJàöìéìÞèãèáßè=íåïææß= îìäÞÛ=ã=åìÛàîK=aéÝå=ïîîÛæÛÞß=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûîî=Þßè=åïèÞß=àå=ÛèæßÞèãèá= Ûîî=åîßìåéççÛ=îãææ=Þßç=ïèÞßì=èäíîÛ=ßîÛêê=Ûð=ïîìßÞèãèáíÛìÜßîßîK=

sãÞ=ìßçãííÜßâÛèÞæãèáßè=Ûð=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞß=âÛì=ÞãÛJ çßîìÛæî=çéîíÛîîÛ=îéæåèãèáÛì=Ûð=áäææÛèÞß=ìäîî=ÜßîìäààÛèÞß=QU=§=hi= áäéìîí=áäææÛèÞß=Ûð=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=éÝâ=pðßèíåî=käìãèáíæãðK= héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=Ûèíßì=Ûîî=çóèÞãáâßîßè=ßèæãáî=áäææÛèÞß=ìäîî=âÛì= Üßàéáßèâßî=Ûîî=ßàîßì=Þéçíîéæí=áéÞåäèèÛèÞß=àå=áöìÛ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì= éÝåíå=ã=êìãðÛîÛ=ïîìóççßèI=çßÞÛè=pðßèíåî=käìãèáíæãð=âÛì=ïêêJ àÛîîèãèáßè=Ûîî=íå=ãèîß=åÛè=íåßK=bîî=åæÛìáöìÛèÞß=ã=àìåáÛè=âÛì=ßàîßìæóíîí= ðãÞ=ìßçãííÜßâÛèÞæãèáßèK=

VKNKP=bïìéêÛåéèðßèîãéèßè=

^ìîãåßæ=U=ã=bïìéêÛåéèðßèîãéèßè=éç=Þß=çäèíåæãáÛ=ìäîîãáâßîßìèÛ= ãèèßâåææßì=ìßáæßì=éç=ìäîîßè=îãææ=ìßíêßåî=àöì=êìãðÛîJ=éÝâ=àÛçãæäßæãðI= âßç=éÝâ=åéììßíêéèÞßèíK=f=Ûìîãåßæ=UWO=àãèèí=Üßíîäççßæíßì=íéç=áßì= éààßèîæãáÛ=çóèÞãáâßîßì=çöäæãáâßîßì=Ûîî=ãèíåìäèåÛ=ìäîîãáâßîßìèÛ= ßèæãáî=ÛìîãåßæèK=påÞÛèÛ=ãèíåìäèåèãèáÛì=àåì=áöìÛí=ÜÛìÛ=áßèéç=æÛá=éÝâ= ïèÞßì=àöìïîíäîîèãèá=Ûîî=Þßî=ã=ßîî=ÞßçéåìÛîãíåî=íÛçâäææß=äì=èöÞJ ðäèÞãáî=çßÞ=âäèíóè=îãææ=íîÛîßèí=íäåßìâßîI=Þßè=ÛææçäèèÛ=íäåßìâßîßèI= æÛèÞßîí=ßåéèéçãíåÛ=ðäæíîåèÞ=ßææßì=îãææ=àöìßÜóááÛèÞß=Ûð=ééìÞèãèá= ßææßì=Üìéîî=ßææßì=îãææ=íåóÞÞ=àöì=âäæíÛ=ßææßì=çéìÛæ=ßææßì=àöì=ÛèÞìÛ= êßìíéèßìí=àìãJ=éÝâ=ìäîîãáâßîßìK=

^îî=Þßè=êæÛèßìÛÞß=îðåèáíåîáäìÞßè=ãèîß=äì=áéÞîóÝåæãá=ßææßì=éêìéJ êéìîãéèßìæãá=ã=àöìâåææÛèÞß=îãææ=àöìßçåæßî=àöì=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=äì=ßè= Ûææçäè=áßçßèíåÛêíìäîîíæãá=êìãèÝãê=íéç=çåíîß=îãææäçêÛí=ã=ðÛìäß= ßèíåãæî=àÛææK

1

=f=ìäîîíàÛææßî=oéëïßîîß=cìèìßíI=íéç=ÜßâÛèÞæÛÞß=åéèåïìJ

ìßèíìäîîíæãáÛ=àìåáéìI=âÛì=bdJÞéçíîéæßè=áäéìî=ïîîÛæÛèÞßè=éç=êìéJ êéìîãéèÛæãîßîíêìãèÝãêßèí=îãææäçêèãèáK=bèæãáî=bdJÞéçíîéæßè=çåíîß= íåæßÞßí=Þßè=ÜßâöìãáÛ=èÛîãéèßææÛ=Þéçíîéæßè=åïèèÛ=Ûðíæå=ßè=ÛèíöåÛè= éç=îðåèáíåîáäìÞßì=èäì=Þßè=çãííîäèåîÛ=ãèðßìåÛè=êå=åéèåïììßèíßè=äì= Ûææîàöì=éÜßîóÞæãáI=Þßî=ÜßìöìÞÛ=àöìßîÛáßîí=àöìçéÞÛÞß=ãèÜæÛèÞèãèá=äì= Ûææîàöì=çÛìáãèßææ=ßææßì=Þßî=íéç=ßàîßìíöåí=äì=Ûð=Ûææîàöì=ïèÞßìéìÞèÛÞ= ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=Ûîî=Þßî=ãèáìßêê=ã=ßè=äïìãÞãíå=êßìíéèí=êìãðÛîÛ=íàäì=íéç= àöæäßì=Ûð=ßè=âïíìÛèèíÛåÛè=çßÞ=êéæãíßèí=âääæê=ãèîß=íåÛææ=àìÛçíîå=íéç= éêìéêéìîãéèßìæãáî=éÝâ=éÛÝÝßêîÛÜßæî=ã=àöìâåææÛèÞß=îãææ=Þß=çåæ=íéç= ßàîßìíîìäðÛí=çßÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK

2

^ð=bïìéêÛÞéçíîéæßèí=éÝâ=bdJÞéçíîéæßèí=êìÛòãí=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî= íåóÞÞßî=àöì=âßççßî=ïèÞßì=ðãííÛ=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=åÛè=ïîíîìäÝåÛí=îãææ= Ûîî=éçàÛîîÛ=èäìãèáíæéåÛæßìK

3

=sãÞÛìß=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=Þßè=ìäîî=îãææ=Ûîî=

ãèáìãêÛ=íéç=àöæäßì=Ûð=Ûìîãåßæ=UWO=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=çßì=æåèáîáåßèÞß=èäì=Þßî= áäææßì=èäìãèáíðßìåíÛçâßî=ßææßì=èäìãèáíæéåÛæßì=äè=ã=ÛèÞìÛ=àÛææK

4

1

EG-domstolens mål C-94/00 Roquette Frères SA, REG 2002, s. 9011 punkt 52. samt

Europadomstolens avgörande i mål 37971/97 Société Colas Est m.fl. mot Frankrike § 47.

2

Punkt 80 i domen.

3

EG-domstolens mål C-94/00 Roquette Frères SA, REG 2002, s. 9011 punkt 29. samt

Europadomstolens avgörande i mål 37971/97 Société Colas Est m.fl. mot Frankrike § 41.

4

Europadomstolens avgörande den 16 december 1992 i mål Niemietz mot Tyskland (serie A

nr 251-B) § 31 samt EG-domstolens mål C-94/00 Roquette Frères SA, REG 2002, s. 9011 punkt 29.

VKNKQ= bààßåîãðãîßî=éÝâ=ìäîîííäåßìâßî=

bààßåîãðãîßîííåäæ=îÛæÛì=ã=éÝâ=àöì=íãá=àöì=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=Üöì=âÛ= Üßàéáßèâßî=Ûîî=áöìÛ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=êå=ÛææÛ=êæÛîíßì=Þäì=çÛîßìãÛæ=Ûð= ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=ßè=ïîìßÞèãèá=åÛè=çãííîäèåÛí=âåææÛí=àöìðÛìÛîK=aßî= àìÛçíîåì=íéç=èÛîïìæãáî=Ûîî=ðßìåßî=âÛì=æãåÛ=éçàÛîîÛèÞß=Üßàéáßèâßîßì= íéç=åéççãííãéèßè=âÛìX=ÜåÞÛ=çóèÞãáâßîßìèÛ=íåÛææ=äï=îãææäçêÛ=bdJ ìäîîßèK=jéî=ßààßåîãðãîßîíãèîìßííßî=íåÛææ=ÞéÝå=íîäææÛí=âäèíóèßè=îãææ= ìäîîííäåßìâßîßè=éÝâ=Þßè=êßìíéèæãáÛ=ãèîßáìãîßîßèI=íéç=ðäìèÛí=Ûð= bïìéêÛåéèðßèîãéèßèK=aßèèÛ=ãèîìßííßÛððäáèãèá=âÛì=ÛåîïÛæãíßìÛîí=ã= éæãåÛ=æÛáíîãàîèãèáíäìßèÞßèK=

f=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞßî=èéîßìÛÞß=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûîî=åìÛðßè=àöì=Ûîî=ßè= âïíìÛèèíÛåÛè=ßèæãáî=o_=íåÛææ=îãææåîÛí=äì=âöáìß=äè=åìÛðßè=àöì=Ûîî=ßè= ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ßèæãáî=hi=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=îãææåîßèK=cöì=Ûîî=ßè=âïíìÛèèíÛåÛè= íåÛææ=àå=íåß=âéí=èåáéè=ÛèèÛè=äè=Þßè=íéç=çãííîäèåí=àöì=Üìéîîßî= åìäðí=Ûîî=”ßæäßíî=íóèèßìæãá=ÛèæßÞèãèá=àöìßåéççßì=Ûîî=áßèéç= ìÛèèíÛåèãèáßè=àöìßçåæI=íéç=äì=ïèÞßìåÛíîÛî=ÜßíæÛáI=íåÛææ=ÛèîìäààÛí= ßææßì=ÛèèÛè=ïîìßÞèãèá=éç=Üìéîîßî=ðãèèÛí”=EOU=åÛêK=N=§=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî= o_FK=f=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ=îãææ=hi=ÛððãíÛÞßí=ßçßææßìîãÞ=îÛèåßè=Ûîî=ðãÞ= ïîàéìçèãèáßè=Ûð=ìßáæßìèÛ=âäçîÛ=àöìßÜãæÞ=àìåè=Þß=ìßáæßì=íéç=áäææßì= àöì=ÜìéîîçåæK=sãÞÛìß=ÛèàöìÞßí=Ûîî=ìäîîííäåßìâßîßèí=åìÛð=ðÛì=ðäæ= îãææáéÞéíßÞÞÛ=áßèéç=Þßè=éìÞèãèá=íéç=àöìßíæéáíK=péç=ïîìßÞèãèáßè= êåêßåÛÞß=ã=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞßî=ÜßâÛèÞæÛì=çéîãðßè=îãææ=hi=ãèîß=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáÛì=ã=êìãðÛîÛ=ÜéíîäÞßìK=aßî=áåì=Þäìàöì=ãèîß=Ûîî=ÛðáöìÛ=âïìïJ ðãÞÛ=ïîîÛæÛèÞßî=éç=ìäîîííäåßìâßîßèí=åìÛð=Ûðíåá=äðßè=íåÞÛèÛ=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáÛìK=

käì=ãèíîãîïîßî=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ãèàöìÞßí=ãèéç=ãççÛîßìãÛæJ ìäîîßè=ïîîÛæÛÞßí=Ûîî=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ÜéìÞß=åïèèÛ=äáÛ=ìïç=ã=Þß= ÛààäìíæéåÛæßì=ßææßì=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=íéç=ÞãíêéèßìÛí=Ûð=Þßè=íéç=çãííJ îäèåí=âÛ=áäéìî=ßîî=ãèîìåèá=ßææßì=íéç=çãííîäèåí=âÛ=áäéìî=íãá=íåóæÞãá= îãææ=ßîî=íîìÛààÜÛìî=àöìíöå=ßææßì=ßè=íîìÛààÜÛì=àöìÜßìßÞßæíß=îãææ=ãèîìåèáK

5

sãÞÛìß=ïîîÛæÛÞßí=Ûîî=äðßè=çãííîäèåîÛ=êßìíéèßìí=ÜéíîäÞßì=ÜéìÞß= åïèèÛ=áßèéçíöåÛíK=aéÝå=ÜßîéèÛÞßí=ðãåîßè=Ûð=Ûîî=ãèîßáìãîßîíJ Ûíêßåîßè=îãææçäîîßí=íäìíåãæÞ=îóèáÞ=èäì=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=óìåÛèÞß=êìöðÛÞßíK= oßáßìãèáßè=Ûèíåá=Ûîî=àöìíæÛáßî=ðÛì=ðäæ=àöìßèæãáî=çßÞ=Ûìîãåßæ=U=ã= bïìéêÛåéèðßèîãéèßè=éç=Þß=çäèíåæãáÛ=ìäîîãáâßîßìèÛI=íéç=ÜæKÛK= ÜßâÛèÞæÛì=íåóÞÞßî=àöì=Þßè=ßèíåãæÞßí=êìãðÛîæãðK=

kåáéè=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=áßèéçàöìÛ=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=âéí= îìßÞäß=çÛè=Ûèíåáí=Þßî=Þäìßçéî=ãèîß=æäçêæãáî=Ûîî=ãèàöìÛK=ÅîáäìÞßè= áìãêßì=ãè=ã=Þßè=êìãðÛîÛ=íàäìßè=êå=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=íäîî=Ûîî=Þßî=ßèæãáî=çéîãJ

5

Se prop. 1998/99:11 s. 57.

ðßè=ãèîß=åÛè=ÛÝÝßêîßìÛí=Ûîî=èåáéè=íéç=ãèîß=ßèí=åÛè=ÛèîÛí=âÛ=áäéìî= ãèîìåèá=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=ÞìÛÜÜÛí=Ûð=ÞßèK=f=Þß=àÛææßè=çåíîßI=Ûèíåáí=ÞßîI= ãèîßáìãîßîíâäèíóèßè=ðäáÛ=öðßìI=äðßè=éç=Þßî=èÛîïìæãáîðãí=éàîÛ=åÛè= ðÛìÛ=íå=Ûîî=ãèîìåèáíáéÞí=àãèèí=âéí=ßòßçêßæðãí=ßè=íêßÞãîöìK=bè=ääçJ àöìßæíß=áäéìÞßí=çßÞ=âïíìÛèèíÛåÛè=ã=ÜìéîîçåæI=Þäì=çöäæãáâßîßìèÛ=Ûîî= áöìÛ=âïíìÛèèíÛåÛè=âéí=ÛèèÛè=äè=Þßè=çãííîäèåîß=äì=âöáíî=ÜßáìäèJ íÛÞßK=eäì=àãèèí=ßè=íåãææèÛÞ=ääçàöìî=çßÞ=áäææÛèÞß=ìßáæßì=àöì=héèåïìJ ìßèíðßìåßîí=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=íéç=ßèæãáî=QU=§=hi=éÝâ=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ= ïîîìóÝåæãáßè=éçàÛîîÛì=äðßè=îìßÞäß=çÛèK=

f=åÛêãîßæ=S=àöìßíæåì=ïîìßÞèãèáßèI=ßàîßì=àöìßÜãæÞ=àìåè=ãèîìåèáíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ãèéç=ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîßèI=Ûîî=ßîî=èóîî=ãèíîãîïî=ãèàöìí= ãèéç=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßèI=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=bè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá= íåÛææ=àå=íåß=ßèÞÛíî=âéí=Þßè=çéî=ðãæåßè=Þßî=åÛè=ìãåîÛí=ßîî=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞíÛèíêìåå=ßèæãáî=hiI=ã=íóàîß=Ûîî=íÛçæÛ=Üßðãí=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ ÛèíêìååßîK=^ð=íÛççÛ=íåäæ=íéç=ðãÞ=Üßáìäèíèãèáßè=Ûð=çöäæãáâßîßè= îãææ=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=Ûèíßì=ÞéÝå=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûîî=ÜßðãíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèá=ãèîß=Üöì=åïèèÛ=íåß=âéí=îìßÞäß=çÛèK=

9.2. Utredningens överväganden och förslag

VKOKN= rèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=âéí=íîóìßæíßæßÞÛçöîßì=éÝâ=ÛèíîäææÞÛ=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáW=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=àåì=ßè=ïîîìóÝåæãá=ìäîî= ÛîîI=ßàîßì=áéÞåäèèÛèÞß=Ûð=pîéÝåâéæçí=îãèáíìäîîI=áöìÛ=ïèÞßìíöåJ èãèáÛì=ã=ÜéíîäÞßì=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=ïîìóççßè=íéç=èóîîäÛí=Ûð=íîóìßæíßJ æßÞÛçöîßì=éÝâ=ÛèíîäææÞÛ=âéí=Þßî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=äì=àöìßçåæ=àöì= ïîìßÞèãèá=éç=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=àöìÜïÞíìßáæßìèÛ=ã=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè= ßææßì=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=

péç=âÛì=àìÛçáåîî=éðÛè=àãèèí=ãèéç=ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîßè=ãèîß=èåáéè= çöäæãáâßî=îãææ=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=âéí=îìßÞäß=çÛèK=aßîîÛ=âÛì= çéîãðßìÛîí=çßÞ=âäèíóè=îãææ=ìäîîííäåßìâßîßèK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûèíßì=íéç= èäçèîí=Ûîî=Þßî=ãèîß=âßææßì=Üöì=àãèèÛí=èåáéè=çöäæãáâßî=îãææ=ÜßðãíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=âéí=îìßÞäß=çÛèK=

héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=âÛì=ßçßææßìîãÞ=ìßÞÛè=Üßàéáßèâßîßì=Ûîî=áöìÛ= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=âéí=îìßÞäß=çÛèK=iÛáßè=Ûèáßì=ãèîß=èåáìÛ=ÜßáìäèíJ èãèáÛì=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=ðãæåÛ=êßìíéèßì=íéç=åÛè=ïîíäîîÛí=àöì=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåJ èãèáK=kåáéè=ÞéçíîéæíêìÛòãí=ã=àìåáÛè=àãèèí=ãèîßK=rèÞßì=ìßçãííJ ÜßâÛèÞæãèáßè=Ûð=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞß=âÛì=Þßî=àìÛçàöìîí=

çéîíîìãÞãáÛ=ïêêàÛîîèãèáÛì=éç=ãèèßÜöìÞßè=Ûð=áäææÛèÞß=ìäîîK=rîìßÞJ èãèáßè=Ûèíßì=Ûîî=íåäæ=èï=àãèèí=Ûîî=àöìîóÞæãáÛ=ìßáßæèK=

käì=Üßíîäççßæíßèí=ãèèßÜöìÞ=íåÛææ=êìßÝãíßìÛí=Üæãì=Þßè=ÛðáöìÛèÞß= àìåáÛè=éç=âäèíóè=îãææ=Þßè=êßìíéèæãáÛ=ãèîßáìãîßîßè=çéîãðßìÛì=èåáéè= Üßáìäèíèãèá=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=âéí=îìßÞäß=çäèK=aäìðãÞ= àãèèí=Þßî=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûîî=íäìíåãæî=ïêêçäìåíÛççÛ=Þß=ìßíéèßçÛèá=íéç= àöìÞßí=èäì=ìßáæßìèÛ=éç=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ïîàéìçÛÞßíK=aßî=îÛæÛì= àöì=Ûîî=ãèîß=âßææßì=åéèåïììßèíìäîîíæãáÛ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=Üöì=àå=íåß= âéí=îìßÞäß=çÛèK=

Å=ÛèÞìÛ=íãÞÛè=Üöì=éÝåíå=bdJìäîîßèí=ìßáæßì=êå=éçìåÞßî=ïêêçäìåJ íÛççÛíK=bàîßìíéç=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=íåÛææ=íÛçÛìÜßîÛ=çßÞ=åéççãíJ íãéèßè=ðãÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛìI=åÛè=Þßî=âÛ=ßîî=ðäìÞß=Ûîî=íåðãîî=çöäæãáî= öðßìßèííîäççÛèÞß=ìßáæßì=îãææäçêÛí=êå=àöìàÛìÛèÞßîK=^ð=Ûìîãåßæ=ON=ã= àöìéìÞèãèá=NLOMMP=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=àåì=íåß=ã=ÛèÞìÛ= æéåÛæßì=äè=àöìßîÛáí=éÝâ=àöìßîÛáííÛççÛèíæïîèãèáÛìí=æéåÛæßìK=f= Üßíîäççßæíßè=èäçèí=íäìíåãæî=Þß=ÜßìöìÞÛ=àöìßîÛáßèí=éÝâ=àöìßîÛáíJ íÛççÛèíæïîèãèáÛìèÛí=æßÞÛìßíI=Þãìßåîöìßìí=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=çßÞÛìÜßîÛìßí= ÜéíîäÞßìK=fèèßÜöìÞßè=Ûð=ÞßîîÛ=éçèäçèÛèÞß=äì=ãèîß=åæÛìK=aßî=åÛè= ïêêàÛîîÛí=íéç=ßè=Üßáìäèíèãèá=íå=Ûîî=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=ãèîß=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ= îãææåîèÛ=ã=ÛèÞìÛ=ÜéíîäÞßìK=fèáìßííêïèåîßè=OS=íåãèáìÛì=ãèîß=éðãííJ âßîßèK=

cöì=Ûîî=èå=öðßìßèííîäççßæíß=çßææÛè=hi=éÝâ=bdJìäîîßè=äì=Þßî= íåæßÞßí=ãèîß=íäåßìî=Ûîî=ßè=çöäæãáâßî=îãææ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ã=êìãðÛîÛ= ÜéíîäÞßì=Üßâöðßì=ïîíîìäÝåÛí=îãææ=ÛèÞìÛ=äè=Þß=ÜßìöìÞÛ=àöìßîÛáßèí=æßÞJ èãèá=éÝâ=ÛèíîäææÞÛK=kåáéî=àìÛçîìäÞÛèÞß=Üßâéð=Ûð=ßè=çßì=ðãÞíîìäÝåî= çöäæãáâßî=àãèèí=åèÛêêÛíîK=péç=âÛì=àìÛçâåææãîí=ã=Þßî=àöìßáåßèÞß=îÛæÛì= íîÛìåÛ=ãèîßáìãîßîííåäæ=çéî=Ûîî=îãææäçêèãèáíéçìåÞßî=áöìí=çßì= éçàÛîîÛèÞß=äè=èöÞðäèÞãáîK=

bçßææßìîãÞ=åÛè=àìåáÛè=íîäææÛí=éç=Þßî=äì=àöìßèæãáî=çßÞ=Ûìîãåßæ=UWO=ã= bïìéêÛåéèðßèîãéèßè=Ûîî=Ûææí=àöìßîÛ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=Ûð=Þßî=ÛåîïßææÛ= íæÛáßî=ã=êìãðÛîÛ=ÜéíîäÞßìK=cöì=bdJìäîîßèí=ðãÞåéççÛèÞß=âÛì=Þßî= Ûèíßîîí=Ûîî=âãèÞßì=ãèîß=çöîßì=çéî=íåÞÛèÛ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=ã=Þß= ÛèáãðèÛ=àÛææßèK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=íßì=ãèîß=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûîî=ÜßÞöçÛ=àìåáÛè= ÛèèéìæïèÞÛ=àöì=íðßèíåÛ=àöìâåææÛèÞßèK=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=Þäìàöì=Ûîî=ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ã=hi=éç=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèá=âéí=ÛèÞìÛ=äè=Þßî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=äì=àöìßçåæ=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèá= EQU=§=hiF=êìßÝãíßìÛí=íå=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîI=ßàîßì=Þéçíîéæí=áéÞJ åäèèÛèÞßI=àåì=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=áßèéçàöìÛ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=ã=ÜéíîäÞßì= éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=ïîìóççßè=íéç=èóîîäÛí=Ûð=íîóìßæíßæßÞÛçöîßì=éÝâ= ÛèíîäææÞÛ=âéí=Þßî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=äì=àöìßçåæ=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáK=

f=öðìãáî=Üöì=àöìïîíäîîèãèáÛìèÛ=ßèæãáî=QU=§=hi=áäææÛ=íéç=âãîîãææíK= bîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ=íåæßÞßí=àå=çßÞÞßæÛíI=éç=Þßî= àãèèí=íäìíåãæÞ=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûîî=ÛèîÛ=Ûîî=Üßðãí=àãèèí=âéí=Þßè=íéç= ÛèíöåÛè=ÛðíßìI=éç=Þßî=àãèèí=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûîî=ÛèîÛ=Ûîî=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß= Ûð=S=ßææßì=NV=§=hi=ßææßì=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=ßææßì=UO=âÛì=íåßîî=íÛçî=éç=ßîî= åæäááÛèÞß=ßèæãáî=QR=§=N=ãèîß=äì=îãææìäÝåæãáî=ßææßì=Þßî=ÛèèÛìí=àãèèí=ìãíå= Ûîî=Üßðãí=ïèÞÛèâåææí=ßææßì=àöìðÛèíåÛíK=aßííïîéç=íåÛææ=ßè=êìéêéìJ îãéèÛæãîßîíÜßÞöçèãèá=áöìÛíK=

Äðßè=ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ã=RN=§=hi=éç=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=ÜßàéáßèJ âßîßì=èäì=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=áßèéçàöìí=éÝâ=ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ã=RO=§= hi=éç=Þßè=ïèÞßìíöåîßí=ìäîî=Ûîî=îãææåÛææÛ=ßîî=äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞß=íåÛææ= îãææäçêÛíK=

aßè=èï=àöìßíæÛáèÛ=éìÞèãèáßè=åÛè=åéççÛ=Ûîî=ãèèßÜäìÛ=Ûîî= héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=àåì=èåáéî=çßì=ãèíåìäèåîÛ=Üßàéáßèâßîßì=äè=åéçJ çãííãéèßèK=péç=âÛì=Ûèàöìîí=ã=Þßî=àöìßáåßèÞß=äì=Þßè=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß= Üßíîäççßæíßè=ã=àöìéìÞèãèá=NLOMMP=éåæÛìK=f=åéççÛèÞß=ìäîîíêìÛòãí= åÛè=Þßî=ðãíÛ=íãá=Ûîî=åéççãííãéèßèí=Üßàéáßèâßîßì=ãèîß=äì=ÜßáìäèíÛÞß= îãææ=çãííîäèåîÛ=àöìßîÛáí=æßÞÛìßí=éÝâ=àöìßîìäÞÛìßí=êìãðÛîÛ=ïîìóççßèI= ïîÛè=äðßè=éçàÛîîÛì=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìßîÛáí=æßÞÛìßí=éÝâ=àöìßîìäÞÛìßí= ïîìóççßèK=

_ßðãíåìÛðßî=àöì=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=ßèæãáî=QU=§=hi=äì=ïîîìóÝåî=êå= ßîî=ÛèèÛî=íäîî=äè=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=åìÛð=àöì=åéççãííãéèßèK=héççãíJ íãéèßè=àåì=àöìßîÛ=ßè=ãèíêßåîãéè=ã=ÛèÞìÛ=æéåÛæßìI=éç=Þßî=àãèèí=ßè=ìãçJ æãá=çãííîÛèåß=éç=Ûîî=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=âÛì=ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=Ûîî=ÜßðãíÛ=ßè= ÛææðÛìæãá=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=àãèèí=âéí=Þßè=íéç=ãèíêßåîãéèßè=áäææßìK=bèæãáî= QU=§=hi=íåÛææ=Þßî=àãèèÛí=íäìíåãæÞ=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûîî=ÛèîÛ=Ûîî=Üßðãí=àãèèí= âéí=Þßè=íéç=ÛèíöåÛè=ÛðíßìK=eïìïðãÞÛ=Þß=íåãæÞÛ=ïîîìóÝåííäîîßè= çéîíðÛìÛì=íåãæÞÛ=ÜßðãíåìÛð=àåì=åéççÛèÞß=ìäîîíêìÛòãí=ïîðãíÛK=bèæãáî= ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=çßèãèá=àãèèí=Þßî=ãèîß=íåäæ=Ûîî=èï=ßìíäîîÛ=Þßî=ÜßêìöJ ðÛÞß=íðßèíåÛ=ïîîìóÝåßî=çßÞ=ßîî=ÛèèÛîI=ðÛìí=ãèèßÜöìÞ=äì=éåæÛìI=àöì= Ûîî=ïêêèå=àéìçßææ=öðßìßèííîäççßæíß=çßÞ=bdJìäîîßèK=

bè=bdJìäîîíæãá=Üßáìäèíèãèá=àöìßíåìãðí=áßèéç=åìÛðßî=êå=Ûîî= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=âéí=îìßÞäß=çÛè=àåì=íåß=ßèÞÛíî=àöì=Ûîî=ÜßðãíÛ=ßè=ÛææJ ðÛìæãá=öðßìîìäÞßæíßK=jéîíðÛìÛèÞß=Üßáìäèíèãèá=íÛåèÛí=ßèæãáî=hiK= rîìßÞèãèáßè=íßì=ÞéÝå=ãèáßî=Üßâéð=Ûð=Ûîî=èï=ãèíåìäèåÛ=ðßìåßîí= Üßàéáßèâßîßì=îãææ=ßè=ðãíí=íðåìÛðáìäèíÛÞ=åÛîßáéìã=Ûð=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð= Þß=åéèåïììßèíìäîîíæãáÛ=àöìÜïÞßèK=f=QU=§=hi=àöìßíåìãðí=Ûîî=ßè=êìéJ êéìîãéèÛæãîßîíÜßÞöçèãèá=íåÛææ=áöìÛíK=sãåîßè=Ûð=Ûîî=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè= áöìí=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=îãææìäÝåæãáî=íîéì=àöì=Ûîî=ïêêðäáÛ=Þßî=ãèîìåèá=ßææßì= ÛèèÛî=çßè=íéç=åîáäìÞßè=ãèèßÜäì=àöì=Þßè=íéç=ÞìÛÜÜÛí=Ûð=åîáäìÞßèK= bè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ã=ßè=êìãðÛî=ÜéíîÛÞ=ïîáöì=ßîî=íäìíåãæî=ÛææðÛìæãáî=

ãèîìåèá=éÝâ=îéìÞß=ãèîß=åïèèÛ=çéîãðßìÛíI=éç=ãèîß=Þßè=çãííîäèåîÛ= öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=äì=ÛææðÛìæãáK=^îî=êìéêéìîãéèÛæãîßîíÜßÞöçèãèáÛì=Ûð= ÞßîîÛ=íæÛá=áöìí=äì=äðßè=bdJìäîîßèí=íîåèÞêïèåîI=ðãæåßî=àìÛçáåì=ÜæKÛK= Ûð=bdJÞéçíîéæßèí=Þéç=ã=çåæßî=oéëïßîîß=cìèìßí=p^=Eíß=éðÛè=íÛçî= oßàéìçßìÛÞ=åéèåïììßèíöðßìðÛåèãèáI=plr=OMMPWTP=íK=OOO=àKFK=

VKOKO= oäîîßè=Ûîî=îãææåÛææÛ=äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞß=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáW=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=êåÜöìäÛ= ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ïîÛè=Ûîî=ÛððÛåîÛ=Ûîî=ßîî=äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞß= ãèíîäææßì=íãá=ÜßáìäèíÛí=îãææ=íåÞÛèÛ=àÛææ=Þäì=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ÛèèÛìí= íåïææß=éèöÞãáî=àöìÞìöäÛí=ßææßì=Þäì=Þßî=àãèèí=ßè=ìãíå=Ûîî=äèÞÛçåæßî= çßÞ=åîáäìÞßè=ÛèèÛìí=ãèîß=ïêêèåíK=

f=RO=§=hi=àöìßíåìãðí=àöæäÛèÞßK=käì=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=íåÛææ=áßèéçJ àöìÛ=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ßèæãáî=QTI=QU=ßææßì=RS=Ü=§=hi=âÛì=Þßè=âéí= ðãæåßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=íåÛææ=áßèéçàöìÛí=ìäîî=Ûîî=îãææåÛææÛ=ßîî=äïìãJ Þãíåî=ÜãîìäÞßK=f=ÛððÛåîÛè=êå=Ûîî=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=ÜãîìäÞß=ãèíîäææßì=íãá=àåì= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ãèîß=ÜöìäÛK=aßîîÛ=áäææßì=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=éç=ïèÞßìíöåJ èãèáßè=Þäìãáßèéç=éèöÞãáî=àöìÞìöäí=ßææßì=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=âÛì= ÜßíæïîÛîí=ßèæãáî=QV=§=hiK=f=QV=§=hi=àöìßíåìãðí=Ûîî=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ã= ðãííÛ=àÛææ=àåì=ÜßíæïîÛí=ïîÛè=Ûîî=Þßè=íéç=ÛèíöåÛè=Ûðíßì=àåì=îãææàäææß=Ûîî= óîîìÛ=íãáK=oßáæßìèÛ=îãææäçêÛí=íå=Ûîî=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=áßèéçáåßèÞß= ÜßíæïîÛí=ßèæãáî=QV=§=hiK=aßî=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=ïèÞÛèîÛáßî=âÛì=Üæãðãî= âïðïÞìßáßæK=f=êìÛåîãåßè=åÛè=Ûææîíå=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=èéìçÛæî= êåÜöìäÛí=ãèèÛè=ßîî=äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞß=âÛì=âïèèãî=ãèíîäææÛ=íãáK=

hi=Ûððãåßì=ã=ÞßîîÛ=âäèíßßèÞß=àìåè=ðÛÞ=íéç=äì=êìÛòãí=ãèéç=brK= péç=âïðïÞìßáßæ=áäææßì=Þäì=Ûîî=åéççãííãéèßèí=àöìßîìäÞÛìß=ðäèîÛì= èåáéè=îãççß=çßÞ=Ûîî=áßèéçàöìÛ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèI=éç=Þßî=Üßâöðí= àöì=Ûîî=ßîî=äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞß=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=åéççÛ=îãææ=êæÛîíßèK

6

aßè=íðßèíåÛ=ìßáæßìãèáßè=àãÝå=íãè=èïðÛìÛèÞß=ïîàéìçèãèá=áßèéç= ßè=äèÞìãèá=Ûð=QV=§=hiI=íéç=îìäÞÞß=ã=åìÛàî=Þßè=N=äïæã=NVVUK=qãÞãáÛìß= áäææÞß=Ûîî=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=åïèÞß=ÜßíæïîÛí=ßèæãáî=QV=§=ßèÞÛíî=ã=ÜìåÞJ íåÛèÞß=àÛææK=f=æÛáíîãàîèãèáíäìßèÞßî=åéççßèîßìÛÞßí=ãèîß=Þß=åéèíßJ

6

Alison Jones/Brenda Sufrin, EC Competition Law, 2001, s. 871 f., Kerse, E.C. Antitrust

Procedure, Fourth edition, 1998, s. 147 f., Bellamy & Child, European Community Law of Competition, Fifth edition, 2001, s. 886 f.

åðßèíßì=íéç=äèÞìãèáßè=Ûð=QV=§=àãÝå=àöì=RO=§=êKáKÛK=âäèðãíèãèáßè=ã= Þßè=êÛìÛáìÛàßè=îãææ=QV=§K

7

aßè=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßè=Ûîî=Üßíæïîßî=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=âÛì=àÛîîÛîí= ïîÛè=Ûîî=Þßè=íéç=íåÛææ=ïèÞßìíöåÛí=âÛì=àåîî=îãææàäææß=Ûîî=óîîìÛ=íãá=çéîãJ ðßìÛì=åèÛêêÛíî=Ûîî=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=íåÛææ=àå=êåÜöìäÛí=ãèèÛè=ßîî=äïìãJ Þãíåî=ÜãîìäÞß=âÛì=âïèèãî=åéççÛ=îãææ=êæÛîíßèK=pèÛìÛìß=åïèÞß= éçíîäèÞãáâßîßè=ÛèàöìÛí=íéç=ßîî=Ûìáïçßèî=çéî=ßè=íåÞÛè=éìÞèãèáK= käì=Þßííïîéç=hi=Ûððãåßì=àìåè=bdJêìÛòãí=êå=ÞßèèÛ=êïèåîI=Üöì= æÛáßè=äèÞìÛí=íå=Ûîî=Þßè=àåì=íÛççÛ=ãèèßÜöìÞ=íéç=àöìß=æÛáäèÞìãèáßè= åì=NVVU=éÝâ=ÞäìçßÞ=èäìçÛìß=Ûèíæïîßì=îãææ=ÞßèèÛ=êìÛòãíK=hi=åéççßì= Þå=éÝåíå=Ûîî=öðßìßèííîäççÛ=çßÞ=ðÛÞ=íéç=áäææßì=éç=ìäîî=Ûîî=îãææåÛææÛ= äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞß=ðãÞ=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=ßèæãáî=ãççÛîßìãÛæJ ìäîîßèK=

7

Prop. 1997/98:130 s. 37 ff och 66. Se Wetter m.fl., Konkurrenslagen – en handbok, andra

upplagan, s. 715.

10. Konsekvenser av förslagen

rîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=Ûîî=åìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ßèæãáî= hi=ðãÞáÛí=íå=Ûîî=Þßè=ãèîß=æäèáìß=äì=ÜßáìäèíÛÞ=îãææ=–=àöìïîéç=àöìßîÛá= –=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßìK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=ðãÞÛìß=Ûîî=hiWí=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ ìßáæßì=èï=ïîîìóÝåæãáßè=áöìí=îãææäçêæãáÛ=ðãÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=ÛìîãåJ æÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=rîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=ðãÞÛìß=Ûîî= êìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞßè=äèÞìÛí=àìåè=àßç=îãææ=îãé=åìK=

aßííÛ=ìßáæßì=åÛè=àöìçéÞÛí=öåÛ=ÛèîÛæßî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìåå=ßèæãáî= hiK=f=ðãæåßè=ïîíîìäÝåèãèá=Þß=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞß=ã=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=çåè= åéççßì=Ûîî=âäðÞÛ=íãè=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=éÝâ=êìéÝßííÛ=äì=íðåìî=Ûîî= ÜßÞöçÛK=jßÞ=Þß=çöäæãáâßîßì=íéç=éÝåíå=àãèèí=îãææ=áìïêêîÛæÛè=åÛè=ßè= ðãíí=öåèãèá=àöìðäèîÛíK=

qãææ=ÞßîîÛ=åéççßì=Ûîî=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=ßîî=èóîî=ÝãðãæêìéJ Ýßííïßææî=ãèíîãîïîI=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ã=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíçåæK=aßîîÛ=åÛè= àöìçéÞÛí=ïèÞßìæäîîÛ=ßææßì=íîöÞäÛ=Þßè=íåÛÞßæãÞÛèÞßí=Üßðãíèãèá=ã= çåæßîI=ðãæåßî=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=ßè=ðãåîãá=àöìïîíäîîèãèá=àöì=Ûîî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ ìßáæßìèÛ=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=îãææäçêÛí=ã=êìÛåîãåßèK=póàîßî=äì=Ûææîíå=Ûîî=ã= èåáéè=çåè=ÛðâääæêÛ=Þß=Üìãíîßì=íéç=àãèèí=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=ãèÝãîÛçßèî= éÝâ=çöäæãáâßîßì=îãææ=ãèãîãÛîãð=àìåè=ßèíåãæÞÛ=ãèéç=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßèK=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=àöìßíæåì=ðãÞÛìß=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=àåì=ïîîìóÝåæãáÛ= Üßàéáßèâßîßì=ÛîîI=ßàîßì=Þéçíîéæí=áéÞåäèèÛèÞßI=áöìÛ=ïèÞßìíöåJ èãèáÛì=ã=ÜéíîäÞßì=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=ïîìóççßè=íéç=èóîîäÛí=Ûð=íîóìßæíßæßÞÛJ çöîßì=éÝâ=ÛèíîäææÞÛ=âéí=Þßî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=äì=àöìßçåæ=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèá= éç=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=àöìÜïÞíìßáæßìèÛ=ã=hi=ßææßì=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã= bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=sãÞÛìß=àöìßíæåì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûîî=ìßáßæè=ã=hi=äèÞìÛí=íå= Ûîî=Þßè=èäìçÛìß=öðßìßèííîäççßì=çßÞ=bdJìäîîßè=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=Ûîî= ãèðäèîÛ=äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞß=ðãÞ=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=aßííÛ=àöìíæÛá= êåðßìåÛì=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=çßè=îéìÞß=ãèîß= çßÞàöìÛ=èåáéî=èäçèðäìî=ïîöåÛî=Üßâéð=Ûð=ìßíïìíàöìíîäìåèãèáK=

rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=àöìßíæÛáãî=Ûîî=hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=ã= pîéÝåâéæç=íåÛææ=ðßìåíîäææÛ=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=bèæãáî=ïêêáãàîßì= îãææ=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=çóèÞãáâßîßè=ðßìåíîäææî=ßîî=íîéìî=ÛèîÛæ=ãèîìåèáíJ

ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=íßÞÛè=ìßáæßìèÛ=îìäÞÞß=ã=åìÛàî=Þßè=N=äÛèïÛìã=NVVVK= aßî=äì=íðåìî=Ûîî=ïêêíåÛîîÛ=èäìçÛìß=âïì=éàîÛ=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=åÛè= åéççÛ=Ûîî=ÛèðäèÞÛíK=Äðßè=éç=ÛèîÛæßî=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíêìéÝßííßì=ßèæãáî= hi=íåïææß=öåÛ=éÝâ=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ÞäìçßÞ=åïèèÛ=åéççÛ=ãàìåáÛI= Üæãì=Þßî=îìéæãáßè=ãèîß=æãåÛ=ðÛèæãáî=íéç=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛìK=f=Þß= àÛææ=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=íåßì=îéìÞß=Þßî=ÞéÝå=åìäðÛ=ÜßîóÞÛèÞß=ìßíïìíßì=âéí= çóèÞãáâßîßèK=aßè=èóÛ=ïêêáãàî=íéç=æäááí=êå=çóèÞãáâßîßè=îéìÞß= íîäææÛ=åìÛð=êå=ïîöåÛÞß=ìßíïìíßì=âéí=çóèÞãáâßîßèK=qãææ=Þßî=åéççßì= àöìíæÛáßî=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=àåì=áßèéçàöìÛ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=ã= êìãðÛîÛ=ïîìóççßè=Ûîî=ãèèßÜäìÛ=ßè=óîîßìæãáÛìß=ÛìÜßîíÜöìÞÛ=êå= çóèÞãáâßîßè=ã=Þß=àÛææ=ðßìåßî=Üßáäì=âÛèÞìäÝåèãèá=Ûð=çóèÞãáâßîßèK=

péç=àìÛçáåì=Ûð=Ûðíèãîî=SKPKNM=Üöì=ÞéÝå=åéíîèÛÞßìèÛ=àöì=åìéèéJ àéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßèí=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=Ûð=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ßèæãáî= ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ã=NT=åÛêK=N–R=§§=ïîíöåèãèáíÜÛæåßè=îÛí=ïî=íéç=àöìJ ìäîîèãèáíåéíîèÛÞßì=ã=àéìç=Ûð=éæãåÛ=ïîíöåèãèáíÛðáãàîßìK=påÞÛèÛ=ÛðáãàJ îßì=íåÛææ=àïææî=ïî=çéîíðÛìÛ=Þß=åéíîèÛÞßì=íéç=çóèÞãáâßîßè=âÛì=àöì= ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßèK=aßè=íéç=Üßáäì=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=Ûð=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá= ÛèíðÛìÛì=çéî=íîÛîßè=àöì=ÞßííÛ=åéíîèÛÞßìI=ðãæåÛ=íåÛææ=àöìíåéîîßìÛí=éç= åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=Üßáäì=ÞßîK

1

=jéî=Þßè=ÜÛåáìïèÞßè=îéìÞß=

åéíîèÛÞíöåèãèáßè=âéí=çóèÞãáâßîßè=çéîíðÛìÛí=Ûð=ãèîäåîßì=áßèéç= ÛðáãàîßìK=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=éæãåÛ=àöìíæÛá=îéìÞß=ãèîß=çßÞàöìÛ=öåÛÞß=åéíîèÛÞßì= àöì=àöìßîÛáßèK=

pîéÝåâéæçí=îãèáíìäîî=äì=ÛææîãÞ=Üßâöìãá=Ûîî=êìöðÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíçåæ= ßèæãáî=hiK=lç=Þßè=àìÛçîãÞÛ=êìéÝßííÜßèäáßèâßîßè=àöìäèÞìÛí=áßèéç= àöìíæÛáßè=åÛè=Þäìàöì=ìßíïìíÜßâéðßî=âéí=íäìíåãæî=Þßè=îãèáíìäîîßè= êåðßìåÛíK=pîéÝåâéæçí=îãèáíìäîî=íåÛææ=Þßííïîéç=àå=êìöðÛ=héèåïìJ ìßèíðßìåßîí=ÛèíöåèãèáÛì=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ã=êìãðÛîÛ=ïîìóççßèK=aß= ÛææçäèèÛ=ÞéçíîéæÛìèÛí=ìßíïìíÜßâéð=îéìÞß=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=áßèßìßææî= êåðßìåÛí=ã=èåáéè=èäçèðäìÞ=éçàÛîîèãèáK=

jÛìåèÛÞíÞéçíîéæßè=îéìÞß=ãèîß=êåðßìåÛí=èäçèðäìî=Ûð=ïîìßÞJ èãèáßèí=àöìíæÛáK=

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛá=àöìðäèîÛí=ãèîß=çßÞàöìÛ=åéèíßåðßèíßì=ã= èåáìÛ=Ûð=Þß=ÛðíßßèÞßè=íéç=Ûèáßí=ã=NR=§=åéççãîîéàöìéìÞèãèáßè= ENVVUWNQTQFK=

1

Jfr 17 kap.2 och 5 §§utsökningsbalken.

11. Författningskommentar

11.1. Förslaget till lag om ändring i konkurrenslagen

rîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíæÛá=ãèèßÜäì=äèÞìãèáÛì=ã=PP=§=hiI=íéç=âÛèÞæÛì=éç= íåÛÞßíîåèÞI=ã=OU=Û=§=hiI=íéç=àöìßíåìãðßì=ðãæåÛ=àÛåîéìßì=âäèàöìæãáÛ= îãææ=àöìßîÛáßî=íéç=íåÛææ=ÜßÛåîÛí=ðãÞ=ÜßíîäççÛèÞß=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíJ íåÛÞßÛðáãàîI=ã=QU=§I=íéç=âÛèÞæÛì=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=âéí=ÛèÞìÛ=äè=Þßî= çãííîäèåîÛ=àöìßîÛáßîI=íÛçî=ã=RO=§I=íéç=âÛèÞæÛì=éç=îãææåÛææÛèÞß=Ûð= äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞßK=

sãÞÛìß=âÛì=àöìíæÛáßî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáI=ßîî=èóîî=àöìàÛìÛèÞß= àöì=Ûîî=ßàîßìàéìíåÛ=Üßðãí=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìåå=Eßàîßì=àöìßÜãæÞ=àìåè= ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ãèéç=ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîßèFI=ãèèßÜïìãî=Ûîî=èãé= èóÛ=êÛìÛáìÛàßìI=PP=Û–ä=§§=âÛì=îãææåéççãîK=

OU=Û=§= f=êÛìÛáìÛàßè=àöìßíåìãðí=ðãæåÛ=éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=âäèàöìæãáÛ=îãææ=àöìßJ îÛáßî=íéç=åÛè=ÜßÛåîÛí=èäì=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=ÜßíîäçíK=cöìíîÛ= íîóÝåßî=Üßíåìãðßì=Þß=àöìâåææÛèÞßè=íéç=çßÞàöì=Ûîî=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßJ Ûðáãàîßè=íåÛææ=íäîîÛí=æäáìß=äè=ÛèèÛìíK=^èÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=Üßíåìãðßì=èäì= Ûðáãàîßè=âßæî=åÛè=ßàîßìáßíK=aßííÛ=íîóÝåßè=âÛì=ãèîß=äèÞìÛîíK=f=îìßÞäß= íîóÝåßî=Ûèáßí=ðÛÞ=íéç=åÛè=çßÞàöìÛ=Ûîî=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè= íäîîí=âöáìß=äè=ÛèèÛìíK=pîóÝåßî=âÛì=äèÞìÛîí=íå=Ûîî=àöìßîÛáßî=åÛè= åæäááÛí=ßè=âöáìß=Ûðáãàî=ãèîß=ÜÛìÛ=éç=àöìßîÛáßî=îãÞãáÛìß=âÛì=öðßìîìäîî= hiI=ïîÛè=äðßè=éç=Þßî=âÛì=öðßìîìäîî=Ûìîãåßæ=UN=ßææßì=UO=ã=bdJàöìJ ÞìÛáßî=îãÞãáÛìßK=aßîîÛ=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=ßèæãáî=ÞßííÛ=ÛìîãåJ æÛì=åÛè=ÜßÛåîÛí=ðãÞ=ÜßíîäççÛèÞß=Ûð=íÛèåîãéèßè=àöì=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð= àöìÜïÞßè=ã=hiK=_ßíîäççßæíßè=áöì=Þßî=çöäæãáî=àöì=Þéçíîéæßè=Ûîî= ÜßÛåîÛ=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=éÝåíå=éç=æÛáàöìãèáßè=âÛì=íåßîî=ïîéçæÛèÞíK=

PP=§= bèæãáî=êÛìÛáìÛàßè=åÛè=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=ïêêíåîæãáßè=ßææßì=Ûð=éÛåîíÛçJ âßî=öðßìîìäÞßì=Þß=åéèåïììßèíìäîîíæãáÛ=àöìÜïÞíìßáæßìèÛ=Üæã=íåÛÞßJ íîåèÞííåóæÞãáî=àöì=Þß=íåÛÞéì=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=Þäìãáßèéç=éìíÛåÛìK=

cöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=âÛì=äèÞìÛîí=íå=Ûîî=Þßè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß= åìßîíßè=âÛì=ðãÞáÛîíK=aßî=âÛì=íåßîî=áßèéç=Ûîî=Üßáìäèíèãèáßè=Ûð= ìäîîßè=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=”àöì=ßîî=ÛèèÛî=àöìßîÛá=ßææßì=ßè=ÛðîÛæíêÛìî”=âÛì= îÛáãîí=ÜéìîK=aßîîÛ=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=ãèîß=ÜÛìÛ=àöìßîÛá=ßææßì=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîßì=ã= àéìîíäîîèãèáßè=åÛè=ÜßáäìÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞI=ïîÛè=äðßè=éààßèîæãáÛ=éìáÛè= éÝâ=åéèíïçßèîßì=íéç=ÛèèÛìí=ãèîß=ïîáäéìÞß=ðÛìß=íãá=”àöìßîÛá”=ßææßì= ”ÛðîÛæíêÛìî”K=cìåáÛè=âÛì=ÜßâÛèÞæÛîí=ã=Ûðíèãîî=RKQKNK=

sãÞÛìß=âÛì=Üßíîäççßæíßè=ïîíîìäÝåîí=îãææ=Ûîî=éçàÛîîÛ=äðßè=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîI=íß=Ûðíèãîî=RKQKOK=

^èÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=âÛì=äèÞìÛîí=íå=Ûîî=êìßíåìãêîãéèíîãÞßè=äì=îãé=åì=ã= íîäææßî=àöì=àßç=åìK=f=öðìãáî=äì=Üßíîäççßæíßè=éàöìäèÞìÛÞK=

PP=Û=§= f=êÛìÛáìÛàßè=Ûèáßí=Þß=áìïèÞæäááÛèÞß=àöìïîíäîîèãèáÛìèÛ=àöì=Ûîî=ÞéçJ íîéæßè=ã=ßîî=îðãíîßçåæ=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßèæãáî=PP=§=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=ÜßíæïîÛ= éç=íKåK=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=pß=Ûðíèãîî=SKNK=

cöì=Ûîî=Þéçíîéæßè=íåÛææ=çßÞÞßæÛ=ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèá=àéìÞìÛí=ßèæãáî=àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=Ûîî=Þßî=íåäæãáßè=åÛè=ÛèîÛí=Ûîî=ßîî= àöìßîÛá=äì=íåóæÞãáî=Ûîî=ßìíäîîÛ=ßè=íåÛÞÛ=ßèæãáî=PP=§K=sãÞÛìß=åìäðí=Ûîî= Üßðãíèãèá=éç=Ûèíêìååßî=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=íäåìÛíK=cöì=Ûîî=åïèèÛ=áöìÛ= ÞßîîÛ=àåì=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=ßàîßìíöåÛí=íéç=åÛè=ÛèîÛí=âÛ=ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì= ïîìßÞèãèá=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìååßîK=

kåáéè=ïêêîÛáèãèá=Ûð=çïèîæãá=Üßðãíèãèá=íåÛææ=èéìçÛæî=ãèîß=íåß= ðãÞ=êìöðèãèáßè=Ûð=ßîî=óìåÛèÞß=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=f=íîäææßî= çåíîß=êìöðèãèáßèI=ã=æãåâßî=çßÞ=ðÛÞ=íéç=áäææßì=ðãÞ=íäåßìâßîíJ åîáäìÞßì=éÝâ=éæãåÛ=ãèîßìãçãíîãíåÛ=ÜßíæïîI=ã=íîéì=ïîíîìäÝåèãèá=áìïèÞÛí= êå=êÛìîßìèÛí=Eã=ðãííÛ=àÛææ=ßèÞÛíî=ßèÛ=êÛìîßèíF=ßáèÛ=ïêêáãàîßìK=oäîîßè= çåíîß=Ûææîíå=îÛ=íîäææèãèá=îãææ=ðãæåßî=ðäìÞß=ÞßííÛ=ïêêáãàîßì=åÛè=âÛ=éÝâ= Þå=íäìíåãæî=ïêêçäìåíÛççÛ=éç=ïêêáãàîßìèÛ=ã=èåáéî=ÛðíßßèÞß=äì= éíÛèèéæãåÛ=ßææßì=çéîíäáßæíßàïææÛK=f=ßîî=íåÞÛèî=íÛççÛèâÛèá=àãèèí=Þßî= íääæðàÛææßî=ãèáÛ=âãèÞßì=çéî=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=ìßÞéáöì=àöì=ïêêáãàîßì=àìåè= ßîî=ðãîîèßI=îKßòK=ßè=ÛèíîäææÞ=ã=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=Üßáåì=ßææßì=âÛì=Üßáåîî=ßè= öðßìîìäÞßæíßK=aßî=áäææßì=äðßè=éç=ãèîß=èÛçèßî=êå=ðãîîèßî=èäçèíK=f=íå= àÛææ=åÛè=ÞéÝå=ðäìÞßî=Ûð=ïêêáãàîßè=ðÛìÛ=ÜßáìäèíÛîK=

póàîßî=çßÞ=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=äì=Ûîî=íäåìÛ=Üßðãíèãèá=éç=ßîî= íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÛèíêìååK=_ßðãíåìÛðßî=ÜßâÛèÞæÛí=èäìçÛìß=ã=Ûðíèãîî=SKPKQK=

rèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=åÛè=íóàîÛ=îãææ=Ûîî=íöåÛ=ßàîßì=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=åÛè= ÛèîÛí=âÛ=ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèá=éç=öðßìîìäÞßæíßèI=îKßòK=âÛèÞæãèáÛì= íéç=åÛè=ðãíÛ=êå=Ûîî=åéèîÛåîßì=ßææßì=çöîßè=çßÞ=åéèåïììßèîßì=àöìßJ åéççãîK=Äðßè=Üßðãí=éç=ßòßçêßæðãí=íîéìæßåßè=Ûð=Þßè=íåÛÞÛ=íéç= íöåÛèÞßè=âÛì=ÞìÛÜÜÛîí=Ûð=àåì=ßàîßìíöåÛíK=cöì=Ûîî=Þéçíîéæßè=íåÛææ= åïèèÛ=ÜßÞöçÛ=éç=ßè=âÛèÞæãèá=åÛè=âÛ=ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè= çåíîß=íöåÛèÞßè=Ûèáß=ðãæåÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=Üöì=ßàîßìíöåÛíK=aßî=åÛè= èÛîïìæãáîðãí=ðÛìÛ=íðåìî=àöì=íöåÛèÞßè=Ûîî=ßòÛåî=Ûèáß=ìßæßðÛèîÛ=âÛèÞJ æãèáÛìK=aßî=Üöì=ðÛìÛ=îãææìäÝåæãáî=Ûîî=Ûèáß=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=êå=ßîî=íäîî=íéç= àïèåîãéèßææî=Üßíåìãðßì=Þßç=àöì=Ûîî=Þéçíîéæßè=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=ÜßÞöçÛ= éç=Þß=àåì=ßàîßìíöåÛíK=

bè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àåì=ãèîß=áßèéçàöìÛí=âéí=èåáéè=ÛèèÛè=äè= Þßè=íéç=íåäæãáßè=åÛè=ÛèîÛí=ðÛìÛ=íåóæÞãáî=Ûîî=ßìíäîîÛ=ßè=íåÛÞÛ=ßèæãáî= PP=§=hiK=bè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=äì=íåæßÞßí=–=îãææ=íåãææèÛÞ=àìåè=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáÛì=ßèæãáî=QU=§=–=ãèîß=îãææåîßè=âéí=îìßÞäß=çÛèK=

bîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=àåì=ßèæãáî=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=çßÞJ ÞßæÛí=ßèÞÛíî=éç=íåäæßè=àöì=åîáäìÞßè=ïêêðäáßì=Þßè=éæäáßèâßî=ßææßì= Þßî=çßè=ã=öðìãáî=íéç=åîáäìÞßè=ãèèßÜäì=àöì=Þßè=íéç=ÞìÛÜÜÛí=Ûð=Þßè= ßææßì=àöì=èåáéî=ÛèèÛî=çéîíîåßèÞß=ãèîìßííßK=aßîîÛ=ïîîìóÝå=àöì=Þßè= íKåK=êìéêéìîãéèÛæãîßîíêìãèÝãêßè=âÛì=íãè=àöìßÜãæÞ=ã=OT=åÛêK=N=§=îìßÞäß= íîóÝåßî=éÝâ=OU=åÛêK=P=Û=§=o_K=påóÞÞßî=àöì=âßçàìãÞ=éÝâ=êìãðÛîæãð= çåíîß=íäìíåãæî=ÜßÛåîÛíI=æãåíéç=íåóÞÞßî=àöì=àöìßîÛáíâßçæãáâßîßìK=

aéçíîéæßè=Üöì=ðÛìÛ=ïêêçäìåíÛç=êå=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=éÝâ=çéîJ êÛìîßè=åÛè=ÜßàãèèÛ=íãá=ã=ßîî=åéèåïììßèíàöìâåææÛèÞß=îãææ=ðÛìÛèÞìÛK=aß= ðãææåéì=àöì=ðßìåíîäææÛèÞßî=íéç=åÛè=Ûèáßí=ßèæãáî=PP=Þ=§=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî= íåÛææ=ÜßíîäççÛí=ßàîßì=àöìâåææÛèÞßèÛ=ã=Þßî=ßèíåãæÞÛ=àÛææßî=íå=Ûîî=êìéJ êéìîãéèÛæãîßî=ìåÞßì=çßææÛè=çåæ=éÝâ=çßÞßæK=

^ð=æÛáîßòîßè=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=çÛè=ðãÞ=ÜßÞöçèãèáßè=Ûð=éç=ßè=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèá=íåÛææ=ÜßíæïîÛí=íåÛææ=ÜßÛåîÛ=ãèîß=ÜÛìÛ=Þßè=éæäáßèâßî=ßææßì=Þßî= çßè=ã=öðìãáî=íéç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=åÛè=ãèèßÜäìÛ=àöì=Þßè=íéç=ïîíäîîí= àöì=ÞßèI=ïîÛè=éÝåíå=ÛèÞìÛ=çéîíîåßèÞß=ãèîìßííßèK=eäìçßÞ=ÛðíßíI=àöìJ ïîéç=ÞãìßåîÛ=àöæäÞßì=àöì=Þßè=íéç=ïîíäîîí=àöì=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèI=äðßè= ãèÞãìßåîÛ=ðßìåèãèáÛì=Ûð=îðåèáíçßÞßæíÛèðäèÞèãèáßèK=aßî=åÛè=îKßòK= ìöìÛ=íãá=éç=ãèîìåèá=ã=îìßÞäß=çÛèí=ìäîîíæãáî=íåóÞÞÛÞß=ãèîìßííßèK=péç= ßòßçêßæ=êå=íãîïÛîãéèßì=Þäì=íåÞÛèÛ=ãèÞãìßåîÛ=ßààßåîßì=åÛè=ïêêíîå=åÛè= èäçèÛí=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=âéí=ßîî=çÛííçßÞãßàöìßîÛáK=bè=íäìíåãæÞ= ìßáßæ=àãèèí=àöì=ïêêáãàîßì=íéç=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=îóíîèÛÞíêæãåîI=íß=PP=á=§K=

PP=Ü=§= mÛìÛáìÛàßè=ãèèßâåææßì=ìßáæßì=éç=çéîêÛìîßèí=ìäîî=Ûîî=óîîìÛ=íãá=ãèèÛè= Þéçíîéæßè=îÛì=íîäææèãèá=îãææ=óìåÛèÞßî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=pß= âäìéç=ðãÞÛìß=Ûðíèãîî=SKPKUK=

bèæãáî=êÛìÛáìÛàßè=íåÛææ=Þßè=íéç=óìåÛèÞßî=ÛðíßìI=íéç=âïðïÞìßáßæI= àå=îãææàäææß=Ûîî=óîîìÛ=íãá=ãèèÛè=Üßíæïîßî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=çßÞJ ÞßæÛíK=aßîîÛ=àìÛçáåì=Ûð=àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßîK=

lç=ßîî=Þìöäíçåæ=íåïææß=çßÞàöìÛ=Ûîî=Þßî=åÛè=ÜßàÛìÛí=Ûîî=âÛèÞJ æãèáÛì=íéç=âÛì=ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=éç=ßìíäîîèãèáíÛèíêìååßî= íåÛààÛí=ïèÞÛèI=àöìíîöìí=ßææßì=àöìðÛèíåÛíI=àåì=ÞéÝå=ìäîîßè=ßèæãáî=ÛèÞìÛ= íîóÝåßî=éçßÞßæÜÛìî=çßÞÞßæÛ=ßîî=Üßíæïî=íéç=áäææßì=îãææ=Þßíí=ÛèèÛî=âÛì= ÜßíæïîÛîíK=aßî=åÛè=îKßòK=ðÛìÛ=àÛææßî=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=Ûðíßì=Ûîî= íöåÛ=ßàîßì=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=àãèèí=æÛáìÛÞß=ã=ÞÛîéìßìK=lç=çéîêÛìîßè= àåì=ßè=àöìðÛìèãèá=éç=Ûîî=íåÞÛèî=çÛîßìãÛæ=ßàîßìíöåíI=åÛè=âÛè=æäîî= éçãèîßîáöìÛ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=áßèéç=Ûîî=íåÛààÛ=ïèÞÛèI=àöìíîöìÛ=ßææßì= àöìðÛèíåÛ=ðÛÞ=íéç=åÛè=ïîáöìÛ=ÜßðãíçÛîßìãÛæK=aéÝå=çåíîß=Þßî=àãèèÛí= ßè=åéèåìßî=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûîî=ÜßàÛìÛ=ßîî=ãææéäÛæî=àöìàÛìÛèÞß=ã=Þßî=ßèíåãæÞÛ= àÛææßîK=

lç=Þéçíîéæßè=Ûèíßì=Ûîî=ßîî=óìåÛèÞß=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ãèîß= íåÛææ=ÜãàÛææÛí=Üßâöðßì=çéîêÛìîßè=ãèîß=âöìÛíK=

aßî=åÛè=èéîßìÛí=Ûîî=åìÛðßî=äì=ïîàéìçÛî=ßàîßì=àöìßÜãæÞ=àìåè=ðÛÞ= íéç=áäææßì=àöì=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=hìÛðßî=äì=ÛèèéìæïèÞÛ=ðãÞ= åéççïèãÝßìãèá=Ûð=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=ÛèíöåÛè=ßèæãáî=QV=§=hiK=

f=îìßÞäß=íîóÝåßî=àãèèí=Üßíîäççßæíßì=íéç=íóàîÛì=îãææ=ÛîîI=ã=íåÞÛèÛ=àÛææ= íéç=Ûðíßí=ã=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßîI=Þßî=ïèÞßìíöåîÛ=àöìßîÛáßî=ãèîß=íåÛææ=àå= åäèèßÞéç=éç=Üßíæïîßî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ãèèÛè=Þßî=íåÛææ=ðßìåJ íîäææÛíK=

PP=Ý=§= mÛìÛáìÛàßè=ãèèßâåææßì=ìßáæßì=éç=íîäææÛèÞß=Ûð=íäåßìâßîK=cöì=Ûîî=ßîî= Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=çßÞÞßæÛí=áäææßì=ßèæãáî= àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=íåÛææ=íîäææÛ=íäåßìâßî=àöì=Þßè=íåÛÞÛ=íéç= åÛè=îãææàéáÛí=çéîêÛìîßèK=aéçíîéæßè=âÛì=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=ã=ïèÞÛèîÛáíJ àÛææ=ÜßàìãÛ=íöåÛèÞßè=àìåè=Ûîî=íîäææÛ=íäåßìâßîI=éç=âÛè=ãèîß=àöìçåì= ÞßîîÛK=eäèðãíèãèáßè=îãææ=O=åÛêK=OR=§=ïîíöåèãèáíÜÛæåßè=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî= íäåßìâßîßè=íåÛææ=Üßíîå=Ûð=êÛèî=ßææßì=ÜéìáßèK=lÝåíå=ÜÛèåáÛìÛèîã=àåì= áéÞîÛí=íéç=íäåßìâßîK=sãÞ=Þéçíîéæßèí=êìöðèãèá=Ûð=íäåßìâßîßè= çåíîß=îÛí=ã=ÜßÛåîÛèÞß=Ûîî=íäåßìâßîßè=ðãÞ=Üßâéð=íåÛææ=åïèèÛ=ìßÛæãJ íßìÛí=éÝâ=ÞäìðãÞ=îäÝåÛ=Þßè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞííåóæÞãáâßî=íéç=Ûðíßí=Üæã= íäåßìíîäææÞ=Eäàì=êìéêK=NVUMLUNWUQ=íK=OPQFK=

f=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=áöìí=ßè=âäèðãíèãèá=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=öðßìåæÛáÛèÞß=Ûð= ßîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=îãææ=o_=ìßáæßì=éç=öðßìåæÛáÛèÞß=Ûð= Üßíæïî=íéç=Ûðíßí=ã=NR=åÛêK=aßî=ãèèßÜäì=ÜæKÛK=Ûîî=îÛæÛè=çéî=Üßíæïî=ã= àìåáÛ=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ=àöìÛí=íäìíåãæî=EQV=åÛêK=R=§=àöìíîÛ= íîóÝåßî=S=éÝâ=RQ=åÛêK=Q=o_F=éÝâ=Ûîî=âöáìß=ìäîî=àåì=çßÞÞßæÛ= ãèâãÜãîãéè=ERO=åÛêK=T=§=o_FK=

PP=Þ=§= bèæãáî=êÛìÛáìÛàßè=íåÛææ=ã=Þéçíîéæßèí=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá= Ûèáßí=äèÞÛçåæßî=çßÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=éÝâ=Þß=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=àåì= ßàîßìíöåÛíK=sãÞÛìß=àåì=Þéçíîéæßè=íîäææÛ=ïêê=ÛèÞìÛ=ðãææåéì=àöì=ðßìåJ íîäææÛèÞßîK=

aéçíîéæßè=âÛì=çéî=ÜÛåáìïèÞ=Ûð=Þßè=ãèîìßííßÛððäáèãèá=íéç= íåÛææ=ïîàöìÛí=ßèæãáî=PP=Û=§=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=Ûîî=îÛ=íîäææèãèá=îãææ=éçàÛîîJ èãèáßè=Ûð=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=éÝâ=ïèÞßì=ðãæåÛ=ðãææåéì=íéç=ðßìåJ íîäææãáâßîßè=àåì=ïîàöìÛíK=

bèæãáî=àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=êïèåî=N=âÛì=Þéçíîéæßè=Ûîî=ãèéç=ìÛçßè=àöì= íöåÛèÞßèí=ÜßáäìÛè=Ûèáß=ðãæåßî=äèÞÛçåæßî=çßÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè= íåÛææ=ðÛìÛK=aßî=îéìÞß=ÞäìðãÞ=ðÛìÛ=èöÞðäèÞãáî=Ûîî=Ûèáß=Þßè=çãííJ îäèåîÛ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßèK=sãÞÛìß=åÛè=Þßî=ÜßâöðÛ=Ûèáßí=èäìçÛìß=ðÛÞ=íéç= íåÛææ=ÜßðãíÛí=çßÞ=Þß=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=àåì=ßàîßìíöåÛíK=

bèæãáî=êïèåî=O=íåÛææ=Þéçíîéæßè=Ûèáß=ðãæåÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=àåì= ßàîßìíöåÛíK=aßî=îéìÞß=íäææÛè=ðÛìÛ=çöäæãáî=Ûîî=êìßÝãíßìÛ=ßòÛåî=ðãæåÛ= âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=íåÛææ=àå=ßàîßìíöåÛíK=aéçíîéæßè=Üöì=ÞéÝå=íîìäðÛ= ßàîßì=Ûîî=Ûèáß=Þßî=íå=èéáÛ=íéç=çöäæãáîK=cöìâåææÛèÞßèÛ=îéìÞß=çåèáÛ= áåèáßì=ðÛìÛ=íåÞÛèÛ=Ûîî=Þéçíîéæßè=ãèîß=åÛè=åéççÛ=æäèáìß=äè=Ûîî= Ûèáß=ðãæåßè=íæÛáí=âÛèÞæãèá=Þßî=äìK=aßî=îéìÞß=éàîÛ=ðÛìÛ=èöÞðäèÞãáî= Ûîî=Ûèáß=ßè=âÛèÞæãèá=íéç=ßè=ðãíí=îóê=ßææßì=åÛîßáéìã=Ûð=âÛèÞæãèáÛì= ðãæåßè=ìßæÛîßìÛí=îãææ=Þßè=çãííîäèåîÛ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßèK=

lç=Þßî=ÜßâöðíI=îKßòK=àöì=Ûîî=ïêêìäîîâåææÛ=êìéêéìîãéèÛæãîßî=çßææÛè= çåæ=éÝâ=çßÞßæI=íåÛææ=Þéçíîéæßè=ßèæãáî=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=îÛ=ãè=óîîßìæãáÛìß= ÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=ðãææåéì=ã=ÜßíæïîßîK=bòßçêßæðãí=åÛè=Þéçíîéæßè=íîäææÛ=ïêê= ðãææåéì=îãææ=íåóÞÞ=àöì=àöìßîÛáíâßçæãáâßîßìK=aéçíîéæßè=åÛè=éÝåíå= ÜßâöðÛ=àöìßíåìãðÛ=âïì=íåóÞÞßî=àöì=ðãííÛ=óìåßíåÛîßáéìãßìí=îóíîèÛÞíJ êæãåî=íåÛææ=ÜßÛåîÛíI=ääçàöì=PS=åÛêK=R=§=o_K=

pß=ðãÞÛìß=Ûðíèãîî=SKPKTK=

PP=ß=§= mÛìÛáìÛàßè=ãèèßâåææßì=ìßáæßì=éç=Ûîî=Þéçíîéæßèí=Üßíæïî=áäææßì= éçßÞßæÜÛìî=éÝâ=éç=Ûîî=Üßíæïîßîí=áãæîãáâßîíîãÞ=äì=ÜßáìäèíÛî=îãææ=îðå= çåèÛÞßìK=péç=âÛì=ÞãíåïîßìÛîí=ã=Ûðíèãîî=SKPKV=íåÛææ=Üßíæïîßî=éç=ÜßðãíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=áäææÛ=éçßÞßæÜÛìîK=_ßíæïîßîí=ìäîîíðßìåÛè=åÛè=èÛîïìJ æãáîðãí=ïêêâöìÛ=éç=Þéçíîéæßè=àãèèßì=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûîî=äèÞìÛ=Üßíæïîßî= ßàîßì=Þßî=Ûîî=íðÛìÛèÞßè=Ûðáãðãî=óîîìÛèÞßK=aßîíÛççÛ=áäææßì=éç= Üßíæïîßî=äèÞìÛí=ßàîßì=öðßìåæÛáÛèÞßK=bîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìJ íöåèãèá=áäææßì=ãèîß=æäèáìß=äè=îðå=çåèÛÞßì=ßàîßì=ÜßíæïîßîK=

PP=à=§= mÛìÛáìÛàßè=ãèèßâåææßì=ìßáæßì=éç=ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=Ûð=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=

bîî=Üßíæïî=éç=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ=ßèæãáî=àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî= ðßìåíîäææÛí=Ûð=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=ã=pîéÝåâéæçK=sßìåíîäææãáJ âßîßè=íåßì=êå=ÜßáäìÛè=Ûð=íöåÛèÞßèK=hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=íåÛææ= àöæäÛ=Þß=ðãææåéì=Þéçíîéæßè=àöìßíåìãðãî=Eäàì=PP=Þ=§FK=f=öðìãáî=îãææäçêÛí= ìßáæßìèÛ=ã=N–P=åÛêK=NT=åÛêK=N–R=§§=íÛçî=NU=åÛêK=ïîíöåèãèáíÜÛæåßèK= pöåÛèÞßèí=çéîêÛìî=íåÛææ=ïèÞßììäîîÛí=éç=ðßìåíîäææãáâßîßè=ßèÞÛíî= éç=Üßíæïîßî=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=âÛì=îãææåéççãî=ßàîßì=çéîêÛìîßèí= âöìÛèÞßK=jóèÞãáâßîßè=âÛì=ìäîî=Ûîî=ÜßìßÞÛ=íãá=îãææîìäÞß=îãææ=çéîJ êÛìîßèí=æéåÛæßì=éÝâ=åÛè=âÛ=ìäîî=Ûîî=áå=ãáßèéç=ßòßçêßæðãí=ÛààäìíJ=éÝâ= ðßìåíÛçâßîíâÛèÞæãèáÛì=àöì=Ûîî=íöåÛ=ßàîßì=Þß=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=ÞéçJ íîéæßè=âÛì=Ûèáßîî=ßèæãáî=PP=Þ=§=àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=ÛèÞìÛ=êïèåîßèK=lç= çóèÞãáâßîßè=åÛè=ãÞßèîãàãßìÛ=Þß=ÛèáãðèÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛìèÛ=âÛì=çóèÞãáJ âßîßè=ìäîî=Ûîî=îÛ=åéêãéì=ßææßì=áöìÛ=ïîÞìÛá=Ûð=ÞßííÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛìK= hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=âÛì=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=ìäîî=Ûîî=ÛðæäáíèÛ=èåáìÛ=àöìßJ çåæ=ßææßì=éìãáãèÛæâÛèÞæãèáÛì=àìåè=Þß=æéåÛæßì=íéç=ïèÞßìíöåíK=

hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=àåì=ßèæãáî=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=ÛèæãîÛ=ÜãîìäÞß= Ûð=íÛååïèèãáÛ=àöì=Ûîî=Üãíîå=ðãÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK=f=çåèáÛ=àÛææI=éÝâ= íäìíåãæî=éç=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=íåÛææ=Ûðíß=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=àãèèí= æÛáìÛÞß=ã=ÞÛîéìßìI=îéìÞß=ÛèæãîÛèÞß=Ûð=íÛååïèèãáÛ=éàîÛ=ðÛìÛ=ßè=àöìïîJ íäîîèãèá=àöì=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèí=áßèéçàöìÛèÞßK=bè=íÛååïèèãá=íåÛææ= ðÛìÛ=ßè=éÜßìéßèÞß=ßòêßìî=íéç=äì=àìãíîåßèÞß=àìåè=êÛìîßìèÛK=aßî=äì= åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=íéç=ÜßíæïîÛì=éç=ðãæåÛ=íÛååïèèãáÛ= ÜãîìäÞßè=íéç=íåÛææ=ÛèæãîÛíK=hìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=çåíîß=ã=ðÛìäß= ßèíåãæî=àÛææ=êìöðÛ=ßòêßìîßèí=æäçêæãáâßî=éÝâ=ÜßÛåîÛ=ßðßèîïßææÛ=ääðíJ êìéÜæßçK=

PP=á=§= péç=âÛì=ÜßâÛèÞæÛîí=ã=Ûðíèãîî=SKPKP=àåì=ßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ãèîß= Ûðíß=íåÞÛèÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=Ûðíßí=ã=OT=åÛêK=O=§=o_I=ÞðíK=íåìãàîæãáÛ= âÛèÞæãèáÛì=ðãæåÛí=ãèèßâåææ=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=ÛÞðéåÛîí=îóíîèÛÞíêæãåîK=lç= åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=Ûèíßì=Ûîî=ßè=íåÞÛè=âÛèÞæãèá=íåÛææ=éçàÛîîÛí= Ûð=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=éÝâ=Þßè=íéç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=Ûðíßì=åÜßìéêÛì=Ûîî= âÛèÞæãèáßè=äì=íåóÞÞÛÞ=áäææßì=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=Üßíîäççßæíßì=íéç=ã=RQ=§= ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßîK=aå=íåÛææ=âÛèÞæãèáßè=àöìíßáæÛí=éÝâ=öðßìæäçèÛí=îãææ= ÞéçíîéæßèI=íéç=íåÛææ=êìöðÛ=àìåáÛè=ïîÛè=ÞìöäíçåæK=Eíß=ðãÞÛìß=êìéêK= NVVTLVUWNPM=íK=QM=ààKFK=

PP=â=§= f=êÛìÛáìÛàßè=àöìßíåìãðí=âïì=éçâäèÞßìîÛáèÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íåÛææ=âÛèîßJ ìÛí=âéí=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=ßàîßì=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK=péç= àìÛçáåì=Ûð=Ûðíèãîî=SKPKNM=íåÛææ=çóèÞãáâßîßè=íåãæäÛ=ïêêáãàîßìèÛ=íéç= ìöì=àöìßçåæßî=àöì=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=àìåè=ÛèÞìÛ=ïêêáãàîßì=íéç= æãááßì=ïîÛèàöì=àöìßçåæßî=çßÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK=

bèæãáî=àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=íåÛææ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=æãááßì=ãèéç=ìÛçßè=àöì= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=âåææÛí=îãææáäèáæãáÛ=àöì=íöåÛèÞßè=éÝâ=çéîêÛìîßèK= eäìçßÞ=Ûðíßí=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=âÛì=ìäîî=Ûîî=îÛ=Þßæ=Ûð=ïêêáãàîßìèÛ=ã=âÛèÞJ æãèáÛìèÛK=Äðßè=éç=ïêêáãàîßìèÛ=ã=íãá=åÛè=ãèèßâåææÛ=ïêêáãàîßì=íéç= éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=íßåìßîßíí=ßèæãáî=V=åÛêK=NV=§=íßåìßîßííæÛáßèI=îéìÞß=ã=Þß= ÛææìÛ=àæßíîÛ=àÛææ=ßè=íåóæÞãáâßî=àöìßæãááÛ=Ûîî=æäçèÛ=ïî=ïêêáãàîßìèÛ=îãææ= íöåÛèÞßèI=çßÞ=âäèðãíèãèá=îãææ=ìäîîßè=îãææ=êÛìîíãèíóè=ã=åÛêK=NQ=ã=íßåJ ìßîßííæÛáßèK=_ßîìäààÛèÞß=ïêêáãàîßì=íéç=æãááßì=ïîÛèàöì=àöìßçåæßî=àöì= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèI=îéìÞß=íßåìßîßíí=áäææÛ=áßèîßçéî=íöåÛèÞßè=çßÞ= íîöÞ=Ûð=V=åÛêK=NV=§=ã=Þßè=çåè=ïêêáãàîßìèÛ=ìöì=ÛààäìíâßçæãáâßîßìK= lç=ïêêáãàîßìèÛ=ãèîß=íåóÞÞÛí=Ûð=èåáéè=íßåìßîßííÜßíîäççßæíßI=åÛè= äðßè=ÞßííÛ=ïêêáãàîßì=êå=ÜßáäìÛè=æäçèÛí=ïîÛè=îãææ=íöåÛèÞßèI=îìéîí=Ûîî= Þß=ãèîß=ìöì=àöìßçåæßî=àöì=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK=

fèèÛè=åìéèéàéáÞßçóèÞãáâßîßè=âåææßì=âÛèÞæãèáÛìèÛ=îãææáäèáæãáÛ= àöì=íöåÛèÞßèI=íåÛææ=çóèÞãáâßîßè=ßèæãáî=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=ïèÞßììäîîÛ=Þßî= ïèÞßìíöåîÛ=àöìßîÛáßî=éç=ðãæåÛ=ïêêáãàîßì=íéç=çóèÞãáâßîßè=Ûèíßì= àÛææßì=ïèÞßì=àöìßçåæßî=àöì=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßèK=lç=àöìßîÛáßî=Üßáäì=ÞßîI= åÛè=ÞéÝå=àìåáÛè=ïèÞßìíîäææÛí=Þéçíîéæßèí=êìöðèãèáK=bè=íåÞÛè= ÜßáäìÛè=Üöì=àöìßîÛáßî=áöìÛ=ïîÛè=ÞìöäíçåæI=ÛèèÛìí=åÛè=åìéèéàéáÞßJ çóèÞãáâßîßè=æåîÛ=îãææíß=Ûîî=âÛèÞæãèáÛìèÛ=âåææí=îãææáäèáæãáÛ=àöì=íöåÛèJ ÞßèK=lç=ßè=ÜßáäìÛè=íåßìI=íåÛææ=Þéçíîéæßè=íåóèÞíÛçî=öðßìêìöðÛ= çóèÞãáâßîßèí=ÜßÞöçèãèáK=

PP=ã=§= mÛìÛáìÛàßè=ãèèßâåææßì=ìßáæßì=éç=îãææåÛææÛèÞß=Ûð=äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞß=ðãÞ= ðßìåíîäææãáâßî=Ûð=Üßíæïî=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=pß=âäìéç=Ûðíèãîî= SKPKNMK=

bèæãáî=àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=âÛì=Þßè=íéç=Ûðíßí=çßÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ìäîî= Ûîî=îãææåÛææÛ=ßè=äïìãÞãíå=ìåÞáãðÛìß=éÝâ=âÛ=Þßèèß=èäìðÛìÛèÞß=ðãÞ=ðßìåJ íîäææãáâßîßèK=eïðïÞìßáßæè=äì=Ûîî=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=ãèîß=àåì=ÜöìäÛ= ãèèÛè=ìåÞáãðÛìßè=âÛì=ãèíîäææî=íãáK=påïææß=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=Üæã=éèöÞãáî= àöìÞìöäÞ=áßèéç=Ûîî=çÛè=ðäèîÛì=êå=ßè=íåÞÛè=êßìíéèI=àåì=ÞéÝå=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáßè=ÜöìäÛ=ïîÛè=Þßèèßí=èäìðÛìéK=sÛÞ=íéç=äì=ßè=ìãçæãá=îãÞ=Ûîî= ÛððÛåîÛ=àöì=Ûîî=ÜßìßÞÛ=ßè=äïìãÞãíå=ìåÞáãðÛìß=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=ãèíîäææÛ=íãá= àåì=ÜßÞöçÛí=àìåè=àÛææ=îãææ=àÛææK=f=ìßáßæ=Üöì=ßè=îãççß=ðÛìÛ=îãææìäÝåæãáK=

lÝåíå=ã=Þßè=íãîïÛîãéèßè=Ûîî=Þßî=àãèèí=ìãíå=àöì=Ûîî=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç= âÛì=ÜßîóÞßæíß=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=éç=ßìíäîîèãèáíÛèíêìååßî=íåÛààÛí= ïèÞÛèI=àöìíîöìí=ßææßì=àöìðÛèíåÛí=àåì=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=êåÜöìäÛí=ïîÛè= Ûîî=ßîî=äïìãÞãíåî=ÜãîìäÞß=âÛì=åéççãî=îãææ=êæÛîíßèK=pÛççÛ=éìÞèãèá= ãèàöìí=èï=ðãÞ=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=ßèæãáî=RO=§=hiK=

QU=§= mÛìÛáìÛàßè=ãèèßâåææßì=ìßáæßì=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=âéí=îìßÞäß=çÛèK=péç= àìÛçáåì=Ûð=Ûðíèãîî=NO=âÛì=êÛìÛáìÛàßèí=àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåß=äèÞìÛîí=íå=Ûîî=Þßî= èïçßìÛ=ïîîìóÝåæãáßè=íäáí=Ûîî=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=åÛè=íåß=âéí=ßîî=ÛèèÛî= àöìßîÛá=äè=Þßî=íéç=äì=àöìßçåæ=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáK=pß=êìéêK=NVVOLVPWRS= íK=RP=éÝâ=NMVK=sãÞÛìß=âÛì=ßîî=îãææäáá=áäéìîí=çßÞ=ãèèßÜöìÞßè=Ûîî=ßîî= Üßíæïî=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=éÝåíå=åÛè=Ûðíß=ÜéíîäÞßì=ßææßì=ÛèÞìÛ= ïîìóççßè=íéç=èóîîäÛí=Ûð=ßè=íîóìßæíßæßÞÛçéî=ßææßì=ßè=ÛèíîäææÞ=âéí= Þßî=àöìßîÛá=íéç=äì=àöìßçåæ=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáK=Eäàì=Ûìîãåßæ=ON=ã=àöìéìÞJ èãèá=NLOMMPF=jßÞ=ÛèÞìÛ=ïîìóççßè=Ûðíßí=ßòßçêßæðãí=çÛìåI=àéìîJ íåÛààèãèáíçßÞßæ=ßîÝK=íéç=êßìíéèßè=ÞãíêéèßìÛìK=_ßíîäççßæíßè=äì= ãèîß=îãææäçêæãá=êå=ïîìóççßè=íéç=îãææâöì=íîóìßæíßæßÞÛçöîßì=ßææßì= ÛèíîäææÞÛ=âéí=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìßîÛá=äè=Þßî=íéç=äì=àöìßçåæ=àöì=ïîìßÞèãèáK= aßîîÛ=âÛì=çéîãðßìÛîí=ã=Ûðíèãîî=VKOK=

RO=§= ^èÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=ÛèÞìÛ=êïèåîßè=âÛì=äèÞìÛîí=àöì=Ûîî=Þßè=íåÛææ=àå=íÛççÛ= ãèèßÜöìÞ=íéç=àöìß=æÛáäèÞìãèáßè=ã=QV=§=Þßè=N=äïæã=NVVUI=íß=Ûðíèãîî= VKOKOK=jéîíðÛìÛèÞß=Üßíîäççßæíßì=àöì=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=éÝâ= ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ãèéç=ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîßè=âÛì=íÛççÛ=ãèèßÜöìÞK=

ÖðßìáåèáíÜßíîäççßæíß=

bàîßìíéç=OU=Û=§=âÛì=äèÞìÛîí=íå=Ûîî=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=åÛè=åæäááÛí=âöáìß= åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=éç=Þßî=îãÞãáÛìß=âÛì=öðßìîìäîî=Ûìîãåßæ=UN=ßææßì= UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîI=âÛì=ßè=öðßìáåèáíÜßíîäççßæíß=ãèàöìîí=éç=Ûîî=Þßè= èóÛ=Üßíîäççßæíßè=ÜÛìÛ=àåì=îãææäçêÛí=êå=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=ßàîßì=ãåìÛàîJ îìäÞÛèÞßîK=eäìçßÞ=Ûðíßí=Ûîî=Þßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=íéç=íåÛææ=íÛèåîãéèßJ ìÛí=íåÛææ=âÛ=íåßîî=ßàîßì=ãåìÛàîîìäÞÛèÞßî=àöì=Ûîî=Üßíîäççßæíßè=íåÛææ= åïèèÛ=îìäÞÛ=ã=îãææäçêèãèáI=éÛðíßîî=éç=Þßè=îãÞãáÛìß=öðßìîìäÞßæíßè=Ûð= Ûìîãåßæ=UN=ßææßì=UO=âÛì=íåßîî=àöìß=ãåìÛàîîìäÞÛèÞßîK=

sãÞÛìß=âÛì=ßè=öðßìáåèáíÜßíîäççßæíß=ãèàöìîí=éç=Ûîî=Þßè=èóÛ=êìßJ íåìãêîãéèíîãÞßè=êå=îãé=åì=EPP=§=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßîF=îãææäçêÛí=äðßè=êå= àéìÞìãèáÛì=íéç=âÛì=åéççãî=îãææ=àöìß=ãåìÛàîîìäÞÛèÞßî=éÝâ=íéç=ãèîß= âÛì=êìßíåìãÜßìÛîí=ÞßííàöìãèèÛè=ßèæãáî=äæÞìß=ÜßíîäççßæíßìK=ÖðßìJ áåèáíÜßíîäççßæíßè=äì=ïîàéìçÛÞ=ßàîßì=àöìßÜãæÞ=àìåè=öðßìáåèáíJ ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=îãææ=êìßíåìãêîãéèíæÛáßè=ENVUNWNPMFK=

11.2. Förslaget till lag om ändring i lagen (1994:1845) om tillämpningen av Europeiska gemenskaperna konkurrens- och statsstödsregler

f=R=§=æÛáßè=ENVVQWNUQRF=éç=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=bïìéêßãíåÛ=áßçßèJ íåÛêßìèÛí=åéèåïììßèíJ=éÝâ=íîÛîííîöÞíìßáæßì=âÛì=àïèèãîí=ßè=ïêêJ ìäåèãèá=Ûð=bdJìäîîíÛåîßì=ðÛìîãææ=âÛì=âäèðãíÛîí=ã=P=éÝâ=Q=§§=ã=æÛáßèK= rîìßÞèãèáßè=âÛì=ã=ÞßæÜßîäèåÛèÞßî=oßàéìçßìÛÞ=åéèåïììßèíöðßìJ ðÛåèãèáI=plr=OMMPWTPI=àöìßíæÛáãî=Ûîî=ßè=Ûð=ìäîîíÛåîßìèÛI=àöìéìÞèãèá= NTLSOI=íåÛææ=ïîáå=ïì=ïêêìäåèãèáßèI=ßàîßìíéç=Þßè=ãèîß=íåÛææ=áäææÛ= ßàîßì=Þßè=N=çÛä=OMMQK=dßèéç=çéÞßìèãíßìãèáíìßàéìçßè=éÝâ=îãææäçêJ èãèáíàöìéìÞèãèá=NLOMMPI=íß=Ûðíèãîî=OI=âÛì=êìéÝßÞïììßáæßìèÛ=ã=îìß= íßåîéìíàöìéìÞèãèáÛì=ãèéç=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßèI=íéç=ìäåèÛí=ïêê=ã=R=§=ã= æÛáßèI=ïêêâäðîí=àìåè=éÝâ=çßÞ=Þßè=N=çÛä=OMMQK=aäìçßÞ=åîßìíîåì= ßèÞÛíî=ßè=ìäîîíÛåî=ã=R=§I=ìåÞßîí=àöìéìÞèãèá=èì=QMSQLUV=éç=åéèîìéææ= Ûð=àöìßîÛáíåéèÝßèîìÛîãéèßì=K=

qßåèãåßè=Ûîî=âäèðãíÛ=àìåè=P=éÝâ=Q=§§=îãææ=ïêêìäåèãèáßè=ã=R=§= àìÛçíîåì=ÞäìçßÞ=ãèîß=æäèáìß=íéç=ìÛîãéèßææK=f=íîäææßî=Ûèáßí=èï=åéèJ ÝßèîìÛîãéèíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=Þãìßåî=ã=P=éÝâ=Q=§§I=ðÛìðãÞ=R=§=âÛì=ïêêJ âäðîíK=

Särskilda yttranden

Särskilt yttrande av experten Ann-Charlotte Bragsjö

jßÞ=ãèíêãìÛîãéè=àìåè=ßîî=ÛçßìãåÛèíåî=åéèåïììßèíìäîîíæãáî=àöìJ àÛìÛèÞß=Üßèäçèî=”ÞãíÝéðßìó”=àöìßíæåì=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=Ûîî=ßîî=èóîî=ÝãðãæJ êìéÝßííïßææî=ãèíîãîïî=EÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáF=íåÛææ=ãèàöìÛí=êå=åéèåïìJ ìßèíìäîîßèí=éçìåÞßK=gÛá=Ûèíßì=Ûîî=àöìíæÛáßî=ã=ÞßèèÛ=Þßæ=ãèîß=äì=îãææJ ìäÝåæãáî=Üßæóíî=éÝâ=öðßìðäáî=Ûð=ïîìßÞèãèáßèK=

gÛá=ÞßæÛì=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=ïêêàÛîîèãèá=Ûîî=Þßî=åÛè=àãèèÛí=ßîî=Üßâéð= Ûð=ßààßåîãðÛ=çöäæãáâßîßì=Ûîî=íäåìÛ=Üßðãí=ã=ßè=îðãíîßçåæíêìéÝßíí=éç= íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=êå=áìïèÞ=Ûð=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛK= bèæãáî=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=àãèèí=ßè=èäìçÛìß=àöìßÜãæÞ=àöì=Þßî=àöìßíæÛáèÛ= ãèíîãîïîßî=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ã=ãèíîãîïîßî=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=êå= ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîßèí=éçìåÞßK=bè=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=îéìÞß=ßçßææßìJ îãÞ=ã=ìßáßæ=ðÛìÛ=çßì=ÜßáìäèíÛÞ=äè=ßè=àöìßíæÛáßè=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK= sãÞÛìß=àãèèí=êå=ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîßèí=éçìåÞß=ãèîßI=íéç=êå=åéèåïììßèíJ ìäîîßèí=éçìåÞßI=ßè=îãææíóèíçóèÞãáâßî=çßÞ=íäìíåãæÞ=ïêêáãàî=Ûîî=öðßìJ ðÛåÛ=ßàîßìæßðèÛÞßè=Ûð=ìßáæßìèÛK=må=ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîßèí=éçìåÞß=îéìÞß= íåæßÞßí=ãèîß=ßè=åéèàæãåî=ïêêíîå=çßææÛè=ÛææçäèèÛ=éÝâ=ßèíåãæÞÛ= ãèîìßííßèK=

héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=àïèáßìÛì=íéç=öðßìðÛåÛèÞß=çóèÞãáâßî=Ûð= åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛí=ßàîßìæßðèÛÞ=éÝâ=âÛì=íäìíåãæÞÛ=ÜßàéáßèâßîßìK= sßìåßî=âÛì=íéç=öðßìðÛåÛèÞß=çóèÞãáâßî=Ûîî=ðßìåÛ=àöì=åéèåïììßèí= ãèéç=éæãåÛ=çÛìåèÛÞßìI=ðãæåßî=ã=íæïîäèÞßè=äì=îãææ=èóîîÛ=àöì=åéèíïçßèJ îßìèÛK=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=ÛáßìÛèÞß=çéî=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=àöìÜïÞíJ ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=âÛì=îKßòK=îãææ=íóàîß=Ûîî=ðßìåÛ=âÛèÞæãèáíÞãìãáßìÛèÞß=êå= àöìßîÛáßèK=sßìåßî=åÛè=åæäááÛ=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=Ûîî=ïêêâöìÛ=çßÞ=öðßìJ îìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=àöìÜïÞíÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛK=sãÞÛìß=åÛè=pîéÝåâéæçí=îãèáíJ ìäîî=êå=îÛæÛè=Ûð=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=ÜßíæïîÛ=Ûîî=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=íåÛææ=ÜßîÛæÛ= åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîK=^ð=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ=îãææ=hi=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî=åéèåïìJ ìßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=íåÛææ=ÜßíîäççÛí=êå=íåÞÛèî=íäîî=Ûîî=Þßè=ðßìåÛì=

ÛðâåææÛèÞß=êå=àöìßîÛáßî=ã=àìåáÛ=éÝâ=ÛðíåìäÝåÛèÞß=àöì=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìßîÛáK

1

_ßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ã=hi=éç=åæäááÛèÞßè=éÝâ=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî= âÛì=íåæßÞßí=ßè=êìßðßèîãð=àïèåîãéèK=

_ßíîäççßæíßè=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ã=hi=âÛì=ÜåÞß=ßè=ìßêÛìÛîãð=éÝâ=ßè= êìßðßèîãð=àïèåîãéèK

2

=påÛÞßíîåèÞßî=éÝâ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíêìéÝßííßè=åÛè=

ÜãÞìÛ=çßÞ=ßè=êìßðßèîãéèíðßìåÛè=íéç=åéçêæßîîßìÛì=éÝâ=àöìíîäìåßì= Þß=éààßèîæãáÛ=íÛèåîãéèßìèÛK=póàîßî=çßÞ=ßè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíêìéÝßíí=íóèßí= ßçßææßìîãÞ=àìäçíî=ðÛìÛ=Ûîî=íäåßìíîäææÛ=Ûîî=ßèíåãæÞÛ=àåì=íãèÛ=Ûèíêìåå= îãææáéÞéíßÞÞÛK=f=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ=îãææ=hi=ÜßîéèÛí=Ûîî=Þßî=äì=ðãåîãáî=Ûîî=Þßî= åéèåïììßèíìäîîíæãáÛ=íÛèåîãéèííóíîßçßî=àåì=ßè=íåÞÛè=ïîàéìçèãèá=Ûîî= Þßî=ã=çöäæãáÛíîß=çåè=Üæãì=íääæðáåßèÞßK

3

=oßáæßìèÛ=Üöì=Ûææîíå=àöì=íãè=

îãææäçêèãèá=ãèîß=ðÛìÛ=âßæî=ÜßìéßèÞß=Ûð=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=ãèãîãÛîãðK= f=ÞßîîÛ=êßìíêßåîãð=âÛì=íäìíåãæî=ìßáæßì=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ßè=ðãåîãá=àïèåJ îãéè=Ûîî=àóææÛ=àöì=Ûîî=áß=àöìßîÛá=ãèÝãîÛçßèî=Ûîî=íääæðÛ=íöåÛ=ãèáìãêÛ= çéî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=àöìàÛìÛèÞßèK

4

må=åéèåïììßèíìäîîßèí=éçìåÞß=àãèèí=íåæßÞßí=ìßáæßì=îãææ=íåóÞÞ=àöì= íåðäæ=ÛææçäèèÛ=íéç=ßèíåãæÞÛ=ãèîìßííßèK=Äðßè=éç=êìãðÛîÛ=ãèãîãÛîãð=Üöì= ïêêçïèîìÛíI=äì=Þßî=Ûèáßæäáßî=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîíI=ÛèèÛè=brJ çßÞæßçííîÛîí=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîí=ßææßì=bïìéêßãíåÛ=åéççãíJ íãéèßèí=ïîìßÞèãèáÛì=éÝâ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=ãèîß=éèöÞãáî=íîöìí=ßææßì=îãææ= éÝâ=çßÞ=éçöäæãááöìí=áßèéç=êìãðÛîÛ=ãèãîãÛîãðK=aßî=äì=èöÞðäèÞãáî=Ûîî= èäìçÛìß=ðäáÛ=ãèîìßííßî=Ûð=ßè=ßààßåîãð=êìãðÛî=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=çéî= Þß=ßðßèîïßææÛ=åéèíßåðßèíßì=ßè=íåÞÛè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=åÛè=àå=àöì=héèJ åïììßèíðßìåßîí=éÝâ=brWí=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=íÛçî=àöì=Þßè=çéî=ðãæåßè= åîáäìÞßè=ìãåîÛíK=sãÞÛìß=çåíîß=èäìçÛìß=ÜßæóíÛí=ðãæåÛ=ìßáæßì=íéç=íåÛææ= áßí=àöìßîìäÞß=éç=éæãåÛ=ãèîìßííßè=íîåì=çéî=ðÛìÛèÞìÛK=f=ÜßîäèåÛèÞßî= íÛåèÛí=ßòßçêßæðãí=Üßíîäççßæíßì=éç=âïì=Ûææçäèãèîìßííßî=íåÛææ= åïèèÛ=ÜßÛåîÛí=Þå=Þéçíîéæ=ÜßíæïîÛì=éç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ïîÛè= âöìÛèÞß=Ûð=íöåÛèÞßèí=çéîêÛìîK=gÛá=Ûèíßì=Ûîî=àöìíæÛáßî=ã=ÞßííÛ=ÞßæÛì= ãèîß=äì=îãææìäÝåæãáî=Üßæóíî=éÝâ=öðßìðäáî=Ûð=ïîìßÞèãèáßèK=

1

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 93.

2

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 34.

3

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 34.

4

Prop. 1992/93:56 s. 34.

Särskilt yttrande av experten Anders Stenlund

aßî=äì=Ûèáßæäáßî=Ûîî=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ=ÜßãðìÛíI= áãðßîðãí=íäìíåãæî=ãàìåáÛ=éç=ÛææðÛìæãáÛìß=íåÞÛèÛK=^îî=ãèáìãêÛ=äì=ßè=ïêêJ áãàî=íéç=ã=àöìíîÛ=âÛèÞ=æãááßì=êå=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîI=éÝâ=çåíîß=íå= áöìÛK=jÛè=àåì=ÞéÝåI=íéç=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=åéèíîÛîßìÛìI=ìäåèÛ=çßÞ=Ûîî= ðßìåßî=ãèîß=åÛè=ÛáßìÛ=ã=ðÛìîßèÞÛ=àÛææ=íéç=ã=éÝâ=àöì=íãá=íåïææß=çéîãJ ðßìÛ=ÞßîK=aßî=äì=éÝåíå=ðãåîãáî=Ûîî=çöäæãáâßîßè=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=ãèîß= àìÛçíîåì=íéç=ãææïíéìãíåI=ïîÛè=Þß=íéç=âÛì=ÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=Ûèíêìåå=åÛè= åéççÛ=îãææ=íãè=ìäîîK=lèßåæãáßè=äì=ã=ßè=Þßæ=àÛææ=íðåìãáâßîßìèÛ=Ûîî= íåÛààÛ=àìÛç=Üßðãíèãèá=ßîî=ÜßîóÞÛèÞß=âãèÞßìK=gÛá=íóçêÛîãíßìÛì=Þäìàöì= çßÞ=ïîìßÞèãèáßèí=àöìíöå=Ûîî=àãèèÛ=àöìÜäîîìãèáÛì=êå=Þßè=êïèåîßèI= íåíéç=Þßî=àöìßíæÛáèÛ=ãèíîãîïîßî=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåèãèáK=

cöìíæÛáßî=âÛì=Þßè=ãççÛîßìãÛæìäîîíæãáÛ=ãèîìåèáíïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè= íéç=çéÞßææI=æåî=ðÛìÛ=çßÞ=ðãåîãáÛ=çéÞãàãßìãèáÛìK=héèåïììßèíéçJ ìåÞßî=äì=ÞéÝå=ã=àæßìÛ=âäèíßßèÞßè=ðäíßèîæãáî=ÛèèéìæïèÞÛK=fèîìåèáíJ ïèÞßìíöåèãèáßè=äì=éÝåíå=ßè=îäçæãáßè=ïÞÞÛ=àöìßîßßæíß=éÝâ=Þßî=äì= ãèîß=áãðßî=Ûîî=ÞßèèÛ=îóê=Ûð=”êìãðÛîß=ßèàéìÝßçßèî”=çßÞ=îðåèáíçßÞßæ= ßèåßæî=éÝâ=èÛîïìæãáî=êÛííÛì=ãè=ã=Þßî=íðßèíåÛ=ìäîîííóíîßçßîK=^èèJ `âÛìæéîîß=_ìÛáíäö=âÛì=ã=íãîî=íäìíåãæÞÛ=óîîìÛèÞß=ÜæKÛK=ìßÞéðãíÛî=héèJ åïììßèíðßìåßîí=ìéææ=éÝâ=êßåÛî=êå=Üßâéðßî=Ûð=Üäîîìß=ÛèÛæóí=ðÛÞ=áäææßì= Ûððäáèãèáßè=çßææÛè=Þßî=éààßèîæãáÛí=ãèáìãêÛèÞßè=éÝâ=êìãðÛîÛ=ãèãîãÛîãðK= gÛá=åÛè=ã=íîéìî=ÞßæÛ=Þßî=íéç=Þäì=ÛèàöìíK=

aßî=àãèèí=ßè=àÛìÛ=àöì=Ûîî=ßîî=ãèíîìïçßèî=íéç=ÜßðãíïèÞßìíöåJ èãèáßè=ïîèóîîäÛí=àöì=âßæî=ÛèÞìÛ=äè=Þßî=ÛðíßÞÞÛ=íóàîßîI=îKßòK=àöì=Ûîî= íåÛààÛ=íãá=éîãææÜöìæãá=ãèíóè=âéí=åéèåïììßèîßìK=eïì=íîéì=ÞßèèÛ=ìãíå= ßáßèîæãáßè=äìI=îßì=íãá=íðåìî=Ûîî=ÛðáöìÛI=çßè=Þßè=çãèíåÛí=ã=ðÛìî=àÛææ=Ûð= Ûîî=ïèÞßìíöåèãèá=ßèæãáî=àöìíæÛáßî=ÜÛìÛ=åÛè=ÜßáäìÛí=èäì=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ îÛæÛè=ðäÝåîíK=jãè=íîöìíîÛ=îðßåÛè=áäææßì=ÞéÝå=Þß=ìãíåßì=àöì=æäÝåÛáß=Ûð= àöìßîÛáíâßçæãáâßîßì=íéç=èÛîïìæãáßè=ïêêîìäÞßì=ãèéç=ìÛçßè=àöì=àöìJ àÛìÛèÞßîI=âßæî=ßèåßæî=Þäìàöì=Ûîî=àöìßîÛá=àåì=îãææáåèá=îãææ=çÛîßìãÛæ=éÝâ= ïêêáãàîßì=íéç=îãææâöì=ÛèÞìÛ=àöìßîÛáK=aßîîÛ=äì=ßîî=íðåìÜßçäíîìÛî=êìéJ ÜæßçI=éç=ãèíîãîïîßî=ãèîß=íåÛææ=éçáäìÞÛí=çßÞ=íå=íîÛìåÛ=ìßíîìãåîãéèßì= Ûîî=Þßî=èäìçÛíî=àöìæéìÛì=íãè=àïèåîãéèK=aßî=íÛççÛèâäèáßì=çßÞ=Þßè= ãèèßÜéßèÞß=íðåìãáâßîßè=Ûîî=ðãÞ=ÞßèèÛ=îóê=Ûð=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=ã=àöìJ ðäá=ìäîî=éÝâ=êìßÝãíßìÛî=ÛðáìäèíÛ=”íöåéçìåÞßî”I=æãåíéç=Ûîî=ðãÞ=íéìîßJ ìãèáßè=Ûð=çÛîßìãÛæßî=ÛðáöìÛ=ðÛÞ=íéç=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=ìßæßðÛèî=íéç=ÜßðãíJ èãèáK=eäì=äì=ìãíåßè=îóÞæãá=àöì=Ûîî=íöåÛèÞßè=åÛè=àå=Þßæ=Ûð=ãèàéìJ çÛîãéè=íéç=Þßî=íßèÛìß=ðãíÛì=íãá=Ûîî=Þßèèß=ãèîß=ìäîîßæãáßè=Üéìî=âÛK=f= ðãííÛ=àÛææ=åÛè=ÞßîîÛ=éìíÛåÛ=ÜßîóÞÛèÞß=éÝâ=ãììßêÛìÛÜæÛ=íåÛÞéì=âéí=Þßî= ïîíÛîîÛ=àöìßîÛáßîK=

gÛá=ðãææ=íäáÛI=Ûîî=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=áäéìî=æéððäìÞÛ=ÛèíîìäèáèãèáÛì=Ûîî= ÜóááÛ=ãè=ßîî=ÛÞßåðÛî=éÝâ=îãææàöìæãîæãáî=íåóÞÞ=àöì=àöìßîÛáíâßçæãáâßîßìK= cöìíæÛáßî=âÛì=ã=Þßî=íãíîÛI=îãÞíêìßííÛÞß=íåßÞßî=àöìÜäîîìÛîí=ÛðíßðäìîI= çßè=äÛá=äì=ãèîß=íäåßì=êå=Ûîî=Þßî=äì=îãææìäÝåæãáîK=gÛá=çßèÛì=Þäìàöì=Ûîî= àöìíæÛáßî=ïèÞßì=ÛææÛ=àöìâåææÛèÞßè=åìäðßì=óîîßìæãáÛìß=ÛèÛæóí=éÝâ=öðßìJ ðäáÛèÞßèK=

bè=éæöíî=àìåáÛ=äì=âïì=çÛè=Üöì=íß=êå=Þßî=àÛåîïç=Ûîî=Þßè=ìßæßðÛèîÛ= ÜßðãíèãèáI=íéç=åîåéççãîí=ðãÞ=ßè=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáI=åÛè=ãèèßâåææÛ= åðÛæãàãÝßìÛÞß=ïêêáãàîßì=éç=íðÛìÛèÞßàöìßîÛáßîí=ÛåîïßææÛ=àöìâåææÛèÞßè= ßîÝK=aßî=åÛè=ðÛìÛ=ãèàéìçÛîãéè=íéç=ßè=åæÛáÛèÞß=âéí=héèåïììßèíJ ðßìåßî=ãèîß=–=éÝâ=ãèîß=ßèí=ßè=ãèîßìðßèãßèî=êå=ðßìåßîí=íãÞÛ=–=íåïææß=àå= Þßæ=ÛðK=^èæßÞèãèáßè=äì=àöìíîåí=Ûîî=Þßî=åíÛçåÛì=çéîíãÞÛèí=àöìßîÛá= íåÛÞÛI=çßè=éÝåíå=Ûîî=Þßî=åÛè=ãèðßìåÛ=èßáÛîãðî=êå=åéèåïììßèíßèX=Þßî= åÛè=ìöìÛ=íãá=éç=ãèàéìçÛîãéè=íéç=Þß=ÜßìöìÞÛ=àöìßîÛáßè=ÛèèÛìí=ðéìß= àöìÜäïÞèÛ=Ûîî=ïîðäòæÛI=äïíî=Ûð=åéèåïììßèííåäæK=sÛÞ=Þßî=ßáßèîæãáßè=äì= íéç=àåì=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíãèîìßííßî=Ûîî=âäì=ðäáÛ=öðßìI=îßì=íãá=éåæÛìîK=gÛá= Ûèíßì=Ûîî=ïîìßÞèãèáßè=åèÛêêÛíî=âÛàî=ïèÞßìæÛá=Ûîî=îÛ=íîäææèãèá=îãææ= ÞßîîÛ=éÝâ=íåæßÞßí=Ûîî=àìåáÛè=äì=éîãææìäÝåæãáî=ÜßæóíîK=

Kommittédirektiv

Effektivisering av det konkurrensrättsliga regelverket för företagen m.m.

Dir. 2003:2

_ßíæïî=ðãÞ=ìßáßìãèáííÛççÛèîìäÞß=Þßè=V=äÛèïÛìã=OMMPK=

pÛççÛèàÛîîèãèá=Ûð=ïêêÞìÛáßî=

bè=íäìíåãæÞ=ïîìßÞÛìß=îãææåÛææÛí=àöì=Ûîî=ÛèÛæóíßìÛ=àìåáéì=íéç=ïêêJ åéççßì=çßÞ=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûð=ìåÞßîí=Üßíæïî=éç=ßè=èó=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìJ éìÞèãèá=àöì=áßèéçàöìÛèÞßî=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ=ã=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN= éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîI=Þßî=íKåK=çéÞßìèãíßìãèáíÛìÜßîßîK=rîìßÞÛìßè= íåÛææ=àöìßíæå=Þß=äèÞìãèáÛì=Ûð=Þßî=íðßèíåÛ=ìßáßæíóíîßçßî=íéç=ÜßÞöçí= çéîãðßìÛÞßK=

f=ïêêáãàîßè=ãèáåì=Ûîî=êìöðÛ=éç=Þßî=Üßâöðí=éÝâ=äì=æäçêæãáî=Ûîî= àìåè=àöìÜïÞßî=ã=S=§=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=ENVVPWOMF=çéî=åéèåïììßèíÜßJ áìäèíÛèÞß=íÛçÛìÜßîß=çßææÛè=àöìßîÛá=ãèàöìÛ=ßîî=íîäèÞãáî=áäææÛèÞß= áßèßìßææî=ïèÞÛèîÛá=àöì=íåÞÛèÛ=ÛðîÛæ=çKçK=íéç=ïêêàóææßì=Þß=àöìïîJ íäîîèãèáÛì=íéç=Ûèáßí=ã=U=§=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßèI=ßîî=íKåK=æßáÛæïèÞÛèîÛáK= sãÞÛìß=íåÛææ=íÛççÛ=êìöðèãèá=áöìÛí=Ûð=éç=ìäîîßè=àöì=àöìßîÛá=Ûîî= ÛèíöåÛ=éÝâ=àå=Üßíæïî=éç=ãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßÜßíåßÞ=Üöì=ÛðíåÛààÛíK= rîìßÞÛìßè=íåÛææ=äðßè=êìöðÛ=éç=Þßî=Üßâöðí=éÝâ=äì=æäçêæãáî=Ûîî=àöìJ äèÞìÛ=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=Üßàéáßèâßîßì=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=ðÛÞ=íéç=àöìßJ íæåí=àöì=åéççãííãéèßè=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=íîìïåîïìßææÛ=àöìäèÞìãèáÛì=éÝâ= çöäæãáâßîßì=Ûîî=áöìÛ=åîÛáÛèÞßè=àìåè=àöìßîÛá=ÜãèÞÛèÞßK=aßííïîéç= íåÛææ=ïîìßÞÛìßè=öðßìðäáÛ=àöìäèÞìãèáÛì=ã=Þß=íðßèíåÛ=êìéÝßííïßææÛ= ìßáæßìèÛ=çßÞ=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûð=Þßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=éç= íÛçÛìÜßîß=çßææÛè=åéççãííãéèßè=éÝâ=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ÞéçíîéæÛì=éÝâ=ã= ÛèèÛè=æÛáíîãàîèãèáK=rêêÞìÛáßî=ãèèßàÛîîÛì=ðãÞÛìß=Ûîî=ÛèÛæóíßìÛ=ã=ðãæJ åßè=ïîíîìäÝåèãèá=èïðÛìÛèÞß=ìßáæßì=ã=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=íéç=áäææßì= àöìàÛìÛèÞßî=íÛçî=ìßáæßì=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛìI=íÛèåîãéèßì=çKçK=åÛè= îãææäçêÛí=éÝâ=äì=äèÞÛçåæíßèæãáÛ=çéî=ÜÛåáìïèÞ=Ûð=Þßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêJ èãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßèK=pæïîæãáßè=íåÛææ=ïîìßÞÛìßè=öðßìðäáÛ=éç=Þß=ìßáæßì= éç=ÜãíîåèÞ=îãææ=åéççãííãéèßè=ã=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=íéç=

àãèèí=ã=æÛáßè=ENVVQWNUQRF=éç=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=bïìéêßãíåÛ=áßçßèJ íåÛêßìèÛí=åéèåïììßèíJ=éÝâ=íîÛîííîöÞíìßáæßì=Üöì=äèÞìÛíK=

aßî=íîåì=ïîìßÞÛìßè=àìãîî=Ûîî=îÛ=ïêê=óîîßìæãáÛìß=àìåáéì=íéç=âÛì= íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=çéÞßìèãíßìãèáíÛìÜßîßî=éÝâ=íéç=Þßèèß=Ûèíßì=Üöì= öðßìðäáÛí=ãèéç=ìÛçßè=àöì=ïêêÞìÛáßîK=

bîî=ÛèèÛî=ïêêÞìÛá=àöì=ïîìßÞÛìßè=äì=Ûîî=áöìÛ=ßè=ÛææíãÞãá=êìöðèãèá= Ûð=éç=åìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ßèæãáî=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè= Üöì=ïîðãÞáÛí=éÝâI=éç=Þßî=Ûèíßí=æäçêæãáîI=àöìßíæå=äèÞìÛÞ=ìßáæßìãèáK=

rîìßÞÛìßè=íåÛææ=Þäìïîöðßì=íß=öðßì=íäîîßî=Ûîî=ÜßìäåèÛ=åéèåïììßèíJ íåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßè=íÛçî=ìäîîíîãææäçêèãèáßè=ã=íÛçJ ÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=ÛÝÝßííéìãíåÛ=ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛìK=rîìßÞÛìßè=àåì=Þßííïîéç= æäçèÛ=àöìíæÛá=îãææ=äèÞìãèáÛì=äðßè=ã=ÛèÞìÛ=ÛðíßßèÞßè=éç=Þßî=ðãíÛì=íãá= Ûîî=Þßî=àãèèí=íåãææèÛÞßì=çßææÛè=bdJìäîîßè=éÝâ=Þßè=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ìäîîßèK=

bdJìäîîßè=éÝâ=Þßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=

bdJàöìÞìÛáßîí=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßì=àöì=àöìßîÛá=

dßèéç=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=âÛì=ßîî=íóíîßç=íåÛêÛîí=íéç=íóàîÛì=îãææ=Ûîî=àöìJ âãèÞìÛ=Ûîî=åéèåïììßèíßè=ãèéç=Þßè=áßçßèíÛççÛ=çÛìåèÛÞßè=âãèÞJ ìÛíI=ÜßáìäèíÛí=ßææßì=íèßÞðìãÞíK=aß=áìïèÞæäááÛèÞß=åéèåïììßèíìßáJ æßìèÛ=àöì=àöìßîÛá=àãèèí=ã=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UOI=íéç=âÛì=Þãìßåî=îãæJ æäçêæãáâßî=éÝâ=Þãìßåî=ßààßåî=ã=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛK=aß=íåÛêÛì=ÞäìçßÞ= íåÞÛèÛ=ìäîîãáâßîßì=éÝâ=íåóæÞãáâßîßì=àöì=ßèíåãæÞÛ=ìäîîííïÜäßåî=íéç= åÛè=åÜßìéêÛí=ðãÞ=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ÞéçíîéæÛìK=

^ìîãåßæ=UNKN=ãèèßâåææßì=ßîî=áßèßìßææî=àöìÜïÞ=çéî=íåÞÛèÛ=ÛðîÛæ= çßææÛè=àöìßîÛáI=Üßíæïî=Ûð=àöìßîÛáííÛççÛèíæïîèãèáÛì=éÝâ=íÛçéìÞJ èÛÞß=àöìàÛìÛèÞßè=íéç=Þßæí=åÛè=êåðßìåÛ=âÛèÞßæè=çßææÛè=çßÞæßçíJ íîÛîßìI=Þßæí=âÛì=îãææ=íóàîß=ßææßì=ìßíïæîÛî=Ûîî=âãèÞìÛI=ÜßáìäèíÛ=ßææßì= íèßÞðìãÞÛ=åéèåïììßèíßè=ãèéç=Þßè=áßçßèíÛççÛ=çÛìåèÛÞßèK=

^ðîÛæ=ßææßì=Üßíæïî=íéç=äì=àöìÜäïÞèÛ=ßèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKN=äì=ÝãðãæJ ìäîîíæãáî=éáãæîãáÛ=ßèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKOK=^ð=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKP=àöæäßì=Ûîî= ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKN=åÛè=àöìåæÛìÛí=ãÝåß=îãææäçêæãáÛI=éç=Þß= èßáÛîãðÛ=ðßìåèãèáÛìèÛ=Ûð=ßîî=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=àöìàÛìÛèÞß= ïèÞßì=ðãííÛ=àöìïîíäîîèãèáÛì=íéç=Ûèáßí=ã=Ûìîãåßæè=ïêêðäáí=ã=îãææìäÝåæãá= áìÛÞ=Ûð=ðãííÛ=êéíãîãðÛ=ðßìåèãèáÛìK=rèÞÛèîÛá=áßí=ã=ßèíåãæÞÛ=àÛææ=Ûð= åéççãííãéèßè=ßàîßì=ÛèçäæÛè=ÞãîK=aßííïîéç=âÛì=åéççãííãéèßè= ÜßçóèÞãáÛîí=Ûð=ìåÞßî=Ûîî=ïîàäìÞÛ=àöìéìÞèãèáÛì=éç=ïèÞÛèîÛá=àöì= ðãííÛ=áìïêêßì=Ûð=ÛðîÛæI=íKåK=áìïêêïèÞÛèîÛáK=påÞÛèÛ=àöìéìÞèãèáÛì= àãèèí=êå=ßè=ìÛÞ=éçìåÞßèK=

^ìîãåßæ=UO=ãèèßâåææßì=ßîî=àöìÜïÞ=çéî=ðãííÛ=åîáäìÞßì=íéç=àöìßîÛá= çßÞ=çÛìåèÛÞíÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá=ðãÞîÛì=êå=çÛìåèÛÞßèK=cöì=Ûîî= ßîî=àöìàÛìÛèÞß=íåÛææ=ðÛìÛ=àöìÜäïÞßî=åìäðí=Þßæí=Ûîî=Þßî=äì=àìåáÛ=éç= çãííÜìïå=Ûð=çÛìåèÛÞíÞéçãèÛèíI=Þßæí=Ûîî=àöìàÛìÛèÞßî=åÛè=êåðßìåÛ= âÛèÞßæè=çßææÛè=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛK=^ìîãåßæè=çßÞáßì=ãèáßè=çöäæãáâßî= îãææ=ïèÞÛèîÛáK=

bè=èó=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèá=

bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=ãèèßâåææßì=ãèáÛ=îãææäçêèãèáíìßáæßì=îãææ=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN= éÝâ=UOK=påÞÛèÛ=ìßáæßì=âÛì=îãææåéççãî=áßèéç=íäìíåãæÞÛ=àöìéìÞèãèáÛìK= aßè=áìïèÞæäááÛèÞß=àöìéìÞèãèáßèI=íéç=ßìíäîîí=Ûð=Þßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêJ èãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßèI=äì=ìåÞßîí=àöìéìÞèãèá=èì=NT=J=àöìíîÛ=àöìéìÞJ èãèáßè=éç=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=àöìÞìÛáßîí=ÛìîãåæÛì=UR=éÝâ=US

1

=EàöìéìÞJ

èãèá=èì=NTFK=f=ÞßèèÛ=ïîîÛæÛí=êìãèÝãêßè=Ûîî=ÛææÛ=åéèåïììßèíÜßáìäèJ íÛèÞß=ÛðîÛæI=ÜßíæïîI=éÝâ=íÛçéìÞèÛÞß=àöìàÛìÛèÞßè=íéç=Ûðíßí=ã=Ûìîãåßæ= UNKN=éÝâ=çãííÜìïå=Ûð=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá=íéç=Ûðíßí=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=UO= äì=àöìÜäïÞèÛI=ïîÛè=Ûîî=Þßî=åìäðí=èåáéî=àöìßáåßèÞß=Üßíæïî=éç=ÞßîK= héççãííãéèßè=åÛè=ßàîßì=åéèíîÛîßìÛÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=Ûìîãåßæ=UN=ßææßì= UO=åæäááÛ=Þß=ÜßìöìÞÛ=àöìßîÛáßè=Ûîî=ïêêâöìÛ=çßÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßèK=lç= ÛðîÛæßè=çKçK=ãèîß=àÛææßì=ïèÞßì=èåáéî=áìïêêïèÞÛèîÛáI=çåíîß=Þß=ã= êìãèÝãê=ÛèçäæÛí=îãææ=åéççãííãéèßè=éÝâ=ÜßðãæäÛí=ãèÞãðãÞïßææÛ=ïèÞÛèJ îÛá=àöì=Ûîî=Üæã=îãææåîèÛK=bèæãáî=àöìéìÞèãèá=èì=NT=áßí=éÝåíå=çöäæãáâßîßì= Ûîî=ßàîßì=ÛèíöåÛè=îãææ=åéççãííãéèßè=àå=ßîî=íKåK=ãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßÜßJ íåßÞ=éç=Ûîî=ßîî=ÛðîÛæ=ßææßì=ßîî=àöìàÛìÛèÞß=ãèîß=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=àöìÜïÞßè=ã= ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UOK=cöìéìÞèãèáßè=ãèèßâåææßì=ðãÞÛìß=íÛèåîãéèíìßáJ æßì=ßèæãáî=ðãæåÛ=åéççãííãéèßè=ÜæKÛK=åÛè=ÞöçÛ=ïî=Üöîßì=àöì=öðßìîìäJ Þßæíß=Ûð=àöìÜïÞßè=íÛçî=ðãÞ=ðãîß=åæäááÛ=àöìßîÛá=Ûîî=ïêêâöìÛ=çßÞ= êåáåßèÞß=öðßìîìäÞßæíßìK=

aßè=OU=Ûêìãæ=NVVV=Ûèîéá=åéççãííãéèßè=ßè=ðãîÜéå=éç=çéÞßìèãJ íßìãèá=Ûð=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìßíåìãàîßìèÛ=àöì=Ûìîãåßæ=UN=éÝâ=Ûìîãåßæ=UOK=f= ÞßèèÛ=àöìßíæéáí=ÜæKÛK=Ûîî=Ûèçäæèãèáííóíîßçßî=àöì=ãèÞãðãÞïßææÛ= ïèÞÛèîÛá=íåÛææ=ÛðíåÛààÛíK=sãîÜéåßè=âÛì=Üßìßîîí=çßÞ=çßÞæßçííîÛJ îßìèÛ=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=ÜßìöìÞÛK=f=Þßî=íðßèíåÛ=óîîìÛèÞßî=ïîîÛæÛÞßí=Ûîî= íóíîßçÜóîßî=çåíîß=æßÞÛ=îãææ=åîßìðßìåèãèáÛì=àöì=Þß=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ìßáßæJ ðßìåßè=éÝâ=Ûîî=Þßî=çßÞ=íîéì=íÛèèéæãåâßî=åéççßì=Ûîî=æßÞÛ=îãææ=J=ã=ðÛìî= àÛææ=ã=pðßìãáß=J=íåÞÛèÛ=ðßìåèãèáÛì=êå=æÛáíîãàîèãèáíêæÛèßîK=sãÞÛìß= ÛèàöìÞßí=Ûîî=èÛîãéèßææÛ=èéîãàãßìãèáíJ=éÝâ=ïèÞÛèîÛáííóíîßç=ßèæãáî= íðßèíå=ïêêàÛîîèãèá=åèÛêêÛíî=îéìÞß=åïèèÛ=ÜßâåææÛíK=

1

EGT P 013, 21.2.1962 s. 204 (Celex 31962R0017).

héççãííãéèßè=öðßìæäçèÛÞß=Þßè=OT=íßêîßçÜßì=OMMM=ßîî=àöìíæÛá= îãææ=ßè=èó=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèá=îãææ=ìåÞßîK=bàîßì=Ûîî=ã=îðå=åìí=îãÞ=âÛ= Üßìßîî=àöìíæÛáßî=ã=ßè=ìåÞíÛìÜßîíáìïêê=àöì=åéèåïììßèí=ÜßíæïîÛÞß= ìåÞßî=Þßè=OS=èéðßçÜßì=OMMO=Ûîî=ÛèîÛ=Þßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞJ èãèáßèI=ìåÞßîí=àöìéìÞèãèá=EbdF=èì=NLOMMP=Ûð=Þßè=NS=ÞßÝßçÜßì=OMMO= éç=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ=ã=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã= àöìÞìÛáßî

2

K=cöìéìÞèãèáßè=íåÛææ=îãææäçêÛí=àìåè=éÝâ=çßÞ=Þßè=N=çÛä=

OMMQK=

kÛîãéèßææÛ=çóèÞãáâßîßìí=îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð=bdJìäîîßè=çKçK=

f=Þßè=èóÛ=àöìéìÞèãèáßè=Üßâåææí=êìãèÝãêßè=Ûîî=ÛðîÛæ=çKçK=íéç=Ûðíßí=ã= Ûìîãåßæ=UNKN=éÝâ=çãííÜìïå=Ûð=ÞéçãèßìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá=íéç=Ûðíßí=ã= Ûìîãåßæ=UO=äì=àöìÜäïÞèÛI=ïîÛè=Ûîî=Þßî=åìäðí=èåáéî=àöìßáåßèÞß=Üßíæïî= éç=ÞßîK=dßèéç=àöìéìÞèãèáßè=ÛðíåÛààÛí=Þßî=èï=áäææÛèÞß=íóíîßçßî= çßÞ=ãèÞãðãÞïßææÛ=ïèÞÛèîÛá=ßèæãáî=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKP=àìåè=àöìÜïÞßî=ã=Ûìîãåßæ= UNKNK=póíîßçßî=ßìíäîîí=çßÞ=Ûîî=ïèÞÛèîÛáíìßáæßìèÛ=áäææßì=áßèßìßææî= ïîÛè=íäìíåãæî=ÜßíæïîI=ÞðíK=ßîî=íå=åÛææÛî=æßáÛæïèÞÛèîÛáK=Äðßè=ìäîîßè=àöì= àöìßîÛáßè=Ûîî=ÛèíöåÛ=éç=ãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßÜßíåßÞ=ÛðíåÛààÛíK=héççãíJ íãéèßè=åÛè=ÞéÝå=êå=ßáßî=ãèãîãÛîãð=àÛîîÛ=Üßíæïî=éç=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ= UO=ãèîß=äì=îãææäçêæãáÛK=sãÞÛìß=ÞßÝßèîìÛæãíßìÛí=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=Ûìîãåßæ= UN=éÝâ=UO=îãææ=èÛîãéèßææÛ=çóèÞãáâßîßì=éÝâ=ÞéçíîéæÛì=ðãæåÛ=áßí=ßè= çßÞ=åéççãííãéèßè=êÛìÛææßææ=ÜßâöìãáâßîK=aßííÛ=èÛîãéèßææÛ=éìáÛè= åéççßì=Ûîî=îÛ=öðßì=îãææäçêèãèáßè=ã=ßè=ìÛÞ=àÛææ=íéç=ã=ÞÛá=âÛèÞæäááí= Ûð=åéççãííãéèßèK=oßàéìçßè=âÛì=íéç=öðßìáìãêÛèÞß=íóàîß=Ûîî=àìãáöìÛ= ìßíïìíßì=íéç=åÛè=íäîîÛí=ãè=çéî=Þß=ÛææðÛìæãáÛ=àÛææßèI=Ûîî=ßààßåîãðãíßìÛ= îãææäçêèãèáßè=éÝâ=ÞäìçßÞ=íîäìåÛ=åéèåïììßèíßè=íÛçî=Ûîî=çãèíåÛ= ÜßæÛíîèãèáßè=àöì=àöìßîÛáßèK=

oßàéìçßè=ÛåîïÛæãíßìÛì=ßè=ìÛÞ=äèÞìãèáÛì=ã=Þß=èïðÛìÛèÞß=bdJìßáJ æßìèÛ=éç=àöìàÛìÛèÞßî=éÝâ=íÛèåîãéèßìèÛ=çKçK=póíîßçßî=çßÞ=áßèßJ ìßææÛ=ìßáæßì=éç=ïèÞÛèîÛá=àöì=áìïêêßì=Ûð=ÛðîÛæ=ã=àéìç=Ûð=àöìéìÞèãèáÛì= éç=áìïêêïèÞÛèîÛá=ÜãÜßâåææí=ÞéÝåK=

pîìïåîïìßææÛ=åîáäìÞßì=éÝâ=ÜãèÞÛèÞß=åîÛáÛèÞßè=

héççãííãéèßè=âÛì=ßèæãáî=ÜßíîäççßæíßìèÛ=ã=Ûìîãåßæ=P=ã=àöìéìÞèãèá=èì= NT=ìäîî=Ûîî=åæäááÛ=àöìßîÛá=Ûîî=ïêêâöìÛ=çßÞ=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíßK=aßî=åÛè= ðÛìÛ=àìåáÛ=éç=Ûîî=àöìßîÛáßî=íåÛææ=ïêêâöìÛ=Ûîî=îãææäçêÛ=ßîî=ðãííî=ÛðîÛæI=

2

EGT L 1, 4.1.2003, s. 1 (Celex 32003R0001).

ðãææåéì=ßææßì=ÛèèÛî=àöìÜäïÞßî=àöìàÛìÛèÞßK=bîî=åæäááÛèÞß=åÛè=äðßè=Ûðíß= ßè=ÛèèÛè=åîáäìÞI=îKßòK=Ûîî=íäæäÛ=îãææ=ßîî=ðãííî=àöìßîÛáI=Ûîî=ðãÞîÛ=ìäîîßæíß= ßææßì=Ûîî=àöìäèÞìÛ=êìãíßìK=jéîíðÛìÛèÞß=Üßíîäççßæíß=åîßìàãèèí=Þßè= èóÛ=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=çßÞ=îðå=àöìäèÞìãèáÛìK=cöì=Þßî=àöìíîÛ= åæÛìáöìí=Ûîî=åéççãííãéèßè=âÛì=Üßàéáßèâßî=Ûîî=àÛîîÛ=Üßíæïî=Þäì=Þßè= åéèíîÛîßìÛì=Ûîî=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=îãÞãáÛìß=âÛì=àöìßæßáÛîK=cöì=Þßî=ÛèÞìÛ= áßí=åéççãííãéèßè=Üßàéáßèâßî=Ûîî=åæäááÛ=Þß=ÜßìöìÞÛ=àöìßîÛáßè=Ûîî= ðãÞîÛ=ÛææÛ=åéììãáßìÛèÞß=åîáäìÞßì=íéç=äì=èöÞðäèÞãáÛ=àöì=Ûîî=ßààßåîãðî= ÜìãèáÛ=ßè=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûîî=ïêêâöìÛK=aßîîÛ=ãèèßàÛîîÛì=äðßè=íîìïåîïJ ìßææÛ=åîáäìÞßìI=ÞðíK=ÛðíåãæäÛèÞß=Ûð=ßè=Þßæ=Ûð=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=ßææßì=ÛðâäèJ ÞÛèÞß=Ûð=îãææáåèáÛìK=

f=Ûèíæïîèãèá=îãææ=ÞßèèÛ=Üßíîäççßæíß=ãèàöìí=ßîî=èóîî=ãèíîìïçßèî= íéç=íÛåèÛì=çéîíðÛìãáâßî=ã=àöìéìÞèãèá=èì=NTK=f=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=ßîî= àöìàÛìÛèÞß=áßèéç=ðãæåßî=åéççãííãéèßè=Ûðíßì=Ûîî=àÛîîÛ=Üßíæïî=éç=Ûîî= ßè=êåíîåÞÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=íåÛææ=ïêêâöìÛ=áßí=åéççãííãéèßè=ßè=ÜßàéJ áßèâßî=Ûîî=àÛîîÛ=Üßíæïî=éç=Ûîî=áéÞîÛ=ßîî=àöìßîÛáí=åîÛáÛèÞßèK=jéîîÛJ áÛìßè=äì=ÜïèÞßè=Ûð=Üßíæïîßî=çßÞ=åîÛáÛèÞßèÛK=_ßíæïîßî=äì=ãèîß=ÜãèJ ÞÛèÞß=àöì=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ÞéçíîéæÛì=ßææßì=èÛîãéèßææÛ=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáJ âßîßì=ïîÛè=ÞßííÛ=åÛè=ÜßíæïîÛ=éç=çßì=ãèáìãêÛèÞß=åîáäìÞßì=äè=ðÛÞ= åéççãííãéèßè=âÛì=áäéìîK=f=Üßíæïîßî=íåÛææ=Þßî=åéèíîÛîßìÛí=Ûîî=Þßî=ãèîß= æäèáìß=àãèèí=íåäæ=àöì=ãèáìãêÛèÞßK=bèÞÛíî=ïèÞßì=ðãííÛ=íäìíåãæÞÛ= éçíîäèÞãáâßîßì=àåì=åéççãííãéèßè=îÛ=ïêê=àöìàÛìÛèÞßî=êå=èóîîK=

pÛçÛìÜßîß=çßÞ=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ÞéçíîéæÛì=

dßèéç=Þßè=èóÛ=àöìéìÞèãèáßè=âÛì=Þßî=Ûèíßîîí=èöÞðäèÞãáî=Ûîî=ãèìäîîÛ= çßîéÞßì=àöì=Ûîî=àöìíîäìåÛ=íÛçÛìÜßîßî=çßææÛè=åéççãííãéèßè=éÝâ=Þß= èÛîãéèßææÛ=ÞéçíîéæÛìèÛ=àöì=Ûîî=àìäçäÛ=ßè=ßèâßîæãá=îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð= ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UOK=

aßè=éìÞèãèá=íéç=âãîîãææí=áäææî=àöì=íÛçÛìÜßîßî=çßææÛè=èÛîãéèßææÛ= ÞéçíîéæÛì=éÝâ=åéççãííãéèßè=àãèèí=îãææåäèèÛáãðßè=ã=ßîî=çßÞÞßæÛèÞß= àìåè=åéççãííãéèßèK

3

=f=çßÞÞßæÛèÞßî=ßìÜäïÞßì=åéççãííãéèßè=Þß=ÛææJ

çäèèÛ=ÞéçíîéæÛìèÛ=ßè=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=ã=ßè=Ûåîïßææ=ìäîîßáåèá=ÜßáäìÛ= óîîìÛèÞß=Ûð=åéççãííãéèßè=ã=ìäîîíàìåáéìK=sãÞÛìß=ßìÜäïÞí=ÞéçíîéJ æÛìèÛ=ßè=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=Ûð=åéççãííãéèßè=àå=ãèàéìçÛîãéè=éç=éæãåÛ= íÛåïêêáãàîßìI=îKßòK=íîÛîãíîãåI=çÛìåèÛÞíïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=éÝâ=ßåéèéJ çãíåÛ=ïêêáãàîßìK=

3

Notice on cooperation between national courts and the Commission in applying Articles

85 and 86 of the EEC Treaty, OJ C 39.2.1993 s.6.

^ð=Ûìîãåßæ=NR=ã=Þßè=èóÛ=àöìéìÞèãèáßè=àöæäßì=Ûîî=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛí= ÞéçíîéæÛì=ðãÞ=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=àåì=ÜßáäìÛ= ïêêæóíèãèáÛì=ßææßì=óîîìÛèÞßè=àìåè=åéççãííãéèßè=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=îãæJ æäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=áßçßèíåÛêßèí=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìK=sãÞÛìß=àìÛçáåì=Ûîî= çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛ=îãææ=åéççãííãéèßè=íåÛææ=íäèÞÛ=ßè=åéêãÛ=Ûð=ÛðáöJ ìÛèÞßè=Þäì=Ûìîãåßæ=UN=ßææßì=UO=îãææäçêÛîíK=jßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛí=åéèåïìJ ìßèíçóèÞãáâßîßì=éÝâ=åéççãííãéèßè=àåì=Þßííïîéç=êå=ßáßî=ãèãîãÛîãð= æäçèÛ=íåìãàîæãáÛ=óîîìÛèÞßè=îãææ=ßè=èÛîãéèßææ=ÞéçíîéæK=bàîßì=ÞéçíîéJ æßèí=îãææåîßæíß=àåì=äðßè=çïèîæãáÛ=óîîìÛèÞßè=æäçèÛíK=cöì=ÞßîîÛ=äèÞÛJ çåæ=àåì=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛí=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßì=éÝâ=åéççãííãéJ èßè=ÜßáäìÛ=Ûîî=Þéçíîéæßè=öðßìíäèÞßì=ÛææÛ=âÛèÞæãèáÛì=íéç=äì=èöÞJ ðäèÞãáÛ=àöì=ÜßÞöçèãèáßè=Ûð=çåæßîK=

_ßàéáßèâßîßì=ðãÞ=ïîìßÞèãèáÛì=

bèæãáî=àöìéìÞèãèá=èì=NT=âÛì=åéççãííãéèßè=ìäîî=Ûîî=ïîàöìÛ=ãèíêßåJ îãéèßì=ã=àöìßîÛáßèí=æéåÛæßì=éÝâ=íåìãàîæãáßè=ÜßáäìÛ=ãè=ãèàéìçÛîãéèK= héççãííãéèßè=åÛè=ÜöîàäææÛ=àöìßîÛá=àöì=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=çÛîßìãßææÛ= ìßáæßì=éÝâ=êìéÝßÞïììßáæßì=íÛçî=àöìßæäááÛ=ðãîßèK=

cöì=Ûîî=íäåßìíîäææÛ=ßè=ßààßåîãðÛìß=îãææäçêèãèá=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ= UO=ãèèßâåææßì=Þßè=èóÛ=àöìéìÞèãèáßè=ðãííÛ=àöìäèÞìãèáÛìI=ÜæKÛK=ìßáæßìÛí= çöäæãáâßîßìèÛ=Ûîî=àå=ßîî=ÞéçíîéæíÜßíæïî=êå=èÛîãéèßææ=èãðå=àöì=Ûîî= íîäðäÛ=ßîî=àöìßîÛáí=çöäæãáÛ=àöìíöå=Ûîî=çéîíäîîÛ=íãá=ßè=ãèíêßåîãéèK= Äðßè=Þß=Üßàéáßèâßîßì=íéç=áßí=îãææ=ßè=åéççãííãéèíîääèíîßçÛè= ïèÞßì=ãèíêßåîãéèßìèÛ=ìßáæßìÛí=ã=àöìéìÞèãèáßèK=lç=Þßî=àãèèí=ßîî= ÞéçíîéæíáéÞåäèèÛèÞß=íåÛææ=åéççãííãéèßèí=îääèíîßçäè=ðÛìÛ= ÜßçóèÞãáÛÞß=Ûîî=ïèÞßìíöåÛ=êìãðÛîÛ=ïîìóççßè=íåíéç=ÜéíîäÞßìI=éç= çãííîÛèåß=àãèèí=Ûîî=ìßæßðÛèîÛ=ÛààäìíâÛèÞæãèáÛì=àöìðÛìÛí=ÞäìK=héçJ çãííãéèßèí=îääèíîßçäè=àåì=äðßè=Üßàéáßèâßî=Ûîî=àöìíßáæÛ=æéåÛæßì=éÝâ= ÛààäìíâÛèÞæãèáÛì=àöì=Ûîî=íäåßìíîäææÛ=Ûîî=Þéåïçßèî=ãèîß=ÛðæäáíèÛí=ßææßì= àöìíîöìíK=aß=ÜßçóèÞãáÛí=äðßè=Ûîî=íîäææÛ=çïèîæãáÛ=àìåáéì=íéç=ìöì= àöìßçåæßî=àöì=ãèíêßåîãéèßèK=kãðåè=êå=Üöîßì=àöì=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð= êìéÝßÞïììßáæßì=éÝâ=ðãîßè=âöäíK=aßî=èóÛ=íóíîßçßî=áìïèÞÛì=íãá=êå= Üßæéêê=ïîîìóÝåîÛ=íéç=êìéÝßèî=Ûð=àöìßîÛáßèí=éçíäîîèãèáK=

aß=íðßèíåÛ=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ=

aßè=íðßèíåÛ=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=äì=ïîàéìçÛÞ=çßÞ=àöìÜïÞßè=ã=ÛìîãåJ æÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=íéç=àöìßÜãæÞK=héèåïììßèíÜßáìäèJ íÛèÞß=ÛðîÛæ=çßææÛè=àöìßîÛá=äì=íåíéç=ßèæãáî=bdJìßáæßìèÛ=ã=êìãèÝãê= àöìÜäïÞèÛ=ßèæãáî=S=§=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=éÝâ=çãííÜìïå=Ûð=ÞéçãèßJ ìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá=àöìÜäïÞí=ã=NV=§=íÛççÛ=æÛáK=

héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=âÛì=ßèæãáî=U=§=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=ßè=çöäæãáâßî= Ûîî=ã=íäìíåãæÞÛ=àÛææ=ÜßíæïîÛ=éç=ïèÞÛèîÛá=àìåè=àöìÜïÞßî=ã=S=§=íÛççÛ= æÛáK=_ßíîäççßæíßè=íîäççßì=ã=íÛå=öðßìßèí=çßÞ=Ûìîãåßæ=UNKP=ã=bdJ àöìÞìÛáßî=Üéìîíßîî=àìåè=Ûîî=ÞßèèÛ=Ûìîãåßæ=éÝåíå=ãèèßâåææßì=Üßíæïî=éç= áìïêêïèÞÛèîÛá=éÝâ=ãèîß=Ûèáßì=ðãæåßè=çóèÞãáâßî=íéç=ÜßíæïîÛì=éç= ïèÞÛèîÛáK=

^ð=OM=§=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=àöæäßì=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=ßàîßì= ÛèíöåÛè=Ûð=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=àåì=àöìåæÛìÛ=Ûîî=ßîî=ÛðîÛæ=ßææßì=àöìàÛìÛèÞß=ãèîß= éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=èåáéî=Ûð=àöìÜïÞßè=ã=S=ßææßì=NV=§=ßèæãáî=Þß=ïêêáãàîßì=íéç= æäçèÛîí=Ûð=àöìßîÛáßî=ßææßì=íéç=ÛèèÛìí=äì=îãææáäèáæãáÛ=àöì=ðßìåßî=éÝâ= Ûîî=Þßî=Þäìàöì=ãèîß=àãèèí=ÛèæßÞèãèá=àöì=ðßìåßî=Ûîî=ãèáìãêÛ=ßèæãáî=åéèJ åïììßèíæÛáßè=EãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßÜßíåßÞFK=

héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=àïèáßìÛì=íéç=öðßìðÛåÛèÞß=çóèÞãáâßî=Ûð=Þß= íðßèíåÛ=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ=éÝâ=âÛì=íäìíåãæÞÛ=ÜßàéáßèâßîßìK=f=OP=§= åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=áßí=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=ßè=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=åæäááÛ=ßîî= àöìßîÛá=Ûîî=ïêêâöìÛ=çßÞ=öðßìîìäÞßæíßì=Ûð=àöìÜïÞßè=ã=S=éÝâ=NV=§§K= _ßíîäççßæíßè=çéîíðÛìÛì=Ûìîãåßæ=P=ã=àöìéìÞèãèá=èì=NTK=sßìåßî=åÛè= àöìÛ=îÛæÛè=ðãÞ=Þéçíîéæ=éç=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîK=aéçíîéæíêìöðJ èãèá=ã=çåæ=éÝâ=äìßèÞßè=ßèæãáî=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=íåßì=ðãÞ=pîéÝåâéæçí= îãèáíìäîî=éÝâ=ã=jÛìåèÛÞíÞéçíîéæßèK=

héèåïììßèíæÛáßèí=ìßáæßì=éç=ïêêáãàîííåóæÞãáâßî=éÝâ=ïèÞßìíöåJ èãèá=Üóááßì=êå=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=Üßíîäççßæíßì=ãèéç=bdJìäîîßèK=héèJ åïììßèíðßìåßî=àåì=ã=æãåâßî=çßÞ=åéççãííãéèßè=ðãÞ=äðßèîóì=Ûð=ðãîß= ÜßáäìÛ=ïêêæóíèãèáÛì=àìåè=ÜåÞß=àóíãíåÛ=éÝâ=äïìãÞãíåÛ=êßìíéèßìK=sßìJ åßî=âÛì=éÝåíå=çöäæãáâßî=Ûîî=åÛææÛ=îãææ=àöìâöìK=

Äðßè=ã=æÛáßè=éç=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=bïìéêßãíåÛ=áßçßèíåÛêßìèÛí= åéèåïììßèíJ=éÝâ=íîÛîííîöÞíìßáæßì=àãèèí=ðãííÛ=Üßíîäççßæíßì=íéç=âÛì= ìßæßðÛèí=ã=íÛççÛèâÛèáßîK=aäì=ìßáæßìÛí=ÜæÛèÞ=ÛèèÛî=ðÛÞ=íðßèíåÛ= çóèÞãáâßîßì=âÛì=Ûîî=ãÛåîîÛ=èäì=åéççãííãéèßè=âÛì=ÜßíæïîÛî=éç= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=âéí=àöìßîÛá=éÝâ=àöìßîÛáííÛççÛèíæïîèãèáÛì=âäì=ã= æÛèÞßîK=f=pðßìãáß=äì=Þßî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=íéç=äì=Üßâöìãá=èÛîãéèßææ= çóèÞãáâßî=çßÞ=Þß=ïêêáãàîßì=íéç=àìÛçáåì=Ûð=Þß=áßçßèíÛççÛ=åéèJ åïììßèíìßáæßìèÛK=sãÞÛìß=àìÛçáåì=Ûð=æÛáßè=éç=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð= bïìéêßãíåÛ=áßçßèíåÛêßìèÛí=åéèåïììßèíJ=éÝâ=íîÛîííîöÞíìßáæßì=Ûîî=

héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=íßÞÛè=Þßè=N=äÛèïÛìã=OMMN=äðßè=àåì=îãææäçêÛ=Ûìîãåßæ= UN=éÝâ=UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßîK=lÝåíå=jÛìåèÛÞíÞéçíîéæßè=éÝâ=pîéÝåJ âéæçí=îãèáíìäîî=âÛì=ßè=íåÞÛè=ÜßâöìãáâßîK=käì=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=îãææäçêÛí=äì= ìßáæßìèÛ=ã=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=éç=ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=éÝâ=íÛèåîãéèßì= çKçK=îãææäçêæãáÛK=

rêêÞìÛáßî=çßÞ=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûð=Þßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=

sãåîßè=Ûð=ìäîîíæãåâßî=çßææÛè=Þßî=áßçßèíåÛêíìäîîíæãáÛ=ìßáßæðßìåßî= éÝâ=Þß=íðßèíåÛ=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ=âÛì=ïèÞßìíîìïåãîí=ã=àæßìÛ=æÛáJ íîãàîèãèáííÛççÛèâÛèá=Eíß=êìéêK=NVVOLVPWRSI=íK=NV=éÝâ=êìéêK= NVVULVVWNQQI=íK=QP=àKF=aßîîÛ=çöäæãááöì=àöì=àöìßîÛá=éÝâ=ÛèÞìÛ=Ûåîöìßì= Ûîî=ÛìÜßîÛ=çßÞ=íÛççÛ=ìßáæßì=ã=íÛåI=éÛðíßîî=éç=Þßî=äì=bdJìäîîßè=ßææßì= íðßèíå=ìäîî=íéç=äì=îãææäçêæãáK=

cöìéìÞèãèáßè=ãèèßÜäì=ßè=Þãìßåî=ìßáæßìãèá=áßèéç=bdJìäîîßè=éÝâ= àåì=Þäìàöì=ãèîß=ãèàöìæãðÛíK=aßè=èóÛ=éìÞèãèáßè=æßÞßì=ÞéÝå=îãææ=åîßìJ ðßìåèãèáÛì=àöì=Þßî=íðßèíåÛ=ìßáßæðßìåßî=ßàîßìíéç=ÞßîîÛ=Üóááîí=ïêê= çßÞ=bdJìäîîßè=íéç=àöìßÜãæÞK=aßî=åÛè=îäèåÛí=Ûîî=àöìéìÞèãèáßè=ã= àæßìÛ=ÛðíßßèÞßè=àöìïîíäîîßì=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ìßáæßì=íéç=ìßÞÛè=àãèèí=ßææßì= íéç=Üßâöðßì=íåÛêÛíK=aßî=åÛè=ã=ÛèÞìÛ=àÛææ=àãèèÛí=ÛððãåÛèÞß=íðßèíåÛ= ìßáæßì=íéç=Üöì=áöìÛí=åéèàéìçÛ=àöì=Ûîî=Þß=ãèîß=íåÛææ=ÜßâöðÛ=åíãÞéJ íäîîÛí=ßææßì=àöì=Ûîî=Þßî=ã=èåáéî=ÛèèÛî=ÛðíßßèÞß=ÜßÞöçí=æäçêæãáîK=

oßáæßìèÛ=ã=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=éç=ãèÞãðãÞïßææÛ=ïèÞÛèîÛá=âÛì=îãææJ åéççãî=çßÞ=bdJìäîîßè=íéç=àöìßÜãæÞK=f=Þßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìJ éìÞèãèáßè=àöìßíåìãðí=ßîî=íîäèÞãáî=áäææÛèÞß=æßáÛæïèÞÛèîÛá=àöì=ÛðîÛæ= íéç=ïêêàóææßì=ðãííÛ=ÛèáãðèÛ=àöìïîíäîîèãèáÛìK=jéîíðÛìÛèÞß=àöìäèÞJ ìãèáÛì=ã=Þßè=íðßèíåÛ=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=Üöì=öðßìðäáÛíK=rîìßÞÛìßè= íåÛææ=íåæßÞßí=êìöðÛ=éç=Þßî=Üßâöðí=éÝâ=äì=æäçêæãáî=Ûîî=ãèàöìÛ=ßîî= íåÞÛèî=æßáÛæïèÞÛèîÛá=ã=íðßèíå=æÛáíîãàîèãèáK=

sãÞÛìß=ãèèßÜäì=Þßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=Ûîî=ìäîîßè=àöì= àöìßîÛá=Ûîî=ÛèíöåÛ=éÝâ=ßìâåææÛ=Üßíæïî=éç=ãÝåßJãèáìãêÛèÞßÜßíåßÞ= ÛðíåÛààÛíK=Äðßè=êå=ÞßèèÛ=êïèåî=íåÛææ=ïîìßÞÛìßè=öðßìðäáÛ=æäçêæãáJ âßîßè=éÝâ=Üßâéðßî=Ûð=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=éìÞèãèá=ã=íðßèíå=ìäîîK=

héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=âÛì=ã=ÞÛá=Üßàéáßèâßîßì=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=åæäááÛèÞßè= íéç=çéîíðÛìÛì=ðÛÞ=íéç=âãîîãææí=âÛì=áäææî=àöì=åéççãííãéèßèK=cöìJ äèÞìãèáÛìèÛ=áßì=åéççãííãéèßè=ðãííÛ=Üßàéáßèâßîßì=Ûîî=ðãÞ=îãææäçêJ èãèáßè=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ=UO=ÜßíæïîÛ=éç=íîìïåîïìßææÛ=àöìäèÞìãèáÛì= éÝâ=áöìÛ=àöìßîÛáßèí=åîÛáÛèÞßè=ÜãèÞÛèÞßK=rîìßÞÛìßè=íåÛææ=çéî= ÞßèèÛ=ÜÛåáìïèÞ=ÜßÞöçÛ=éç=Þßî=Üßâöðí=éÝâ=äì=æäçêæãáî=Ûîî=àöìJ äèÞìÛ=äðßè=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîí=Üßàéáßèâßîßì=ã=ÞßííÛ=ÛðíßßèÞßèK=

_ßíæïî=éç=Ûîî=áöìÛ=åîÛáÛèÞßè=ÜãèÞÛèÞß=ïîßíæïîßì=ßèæãáî=Þßè=èóÛ= bdJàöìéìÞèãèáßè=ã=êìãèÝãê=ßè=ïîàöìæãáÛìß=Üßíæïîíçéîãðßìãèá=Þå= Üßíæïîßî=ãèîß=åéççßì=Ûîî=ãèèßâåææÛ=èåáéè=ÛèÛæóí=Ûð=éç=ßè=öðßìîìäJ Þßæíß=àöìßæåá=ãèèÛè=åîÛáÛèÞßèÛ=æäçèÛÞßí=ßææßì=éç=Þßî=àöìßæãááßì=ßè= öðßìîìäÞßæíß=ßàîßì=åîÛáÛèÞßèÛK=sãåîßè=Ûð=Ûîî=ïîìßÞÛìßèí=ÛèÛæóí= ãèèßàÛîîÛì=ìäîîííäåßìâßîíÛíêßåîßì=çåíîß=Þäìàöì=ïèÞßìíîìóåÛíK= pðßìãáß=àåì=ÜßÞöçÛí=ãèîß=âÛ=èåáéè=àöìêæãåîßæíß=Ûîî=ãèìäîîÛ=íÛççÛ= éìÞèãèá=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=ÜßíæïîíçéîãðßìãèáK=

^ìîãåßæ=NR=ã=àöìéìÞèãèáßè=ìßáæßìÛì=åéççãííãéèßèí=íÛçÛìÜßîß= çßÞ=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ÞéçíîéæÛìK=_ßíîäççßæíßè=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=àöìäèÞìãèáÛì=ã= Þß=íðßèíåÛ=êìéÝßííïßææÛ=ìßáæßìèÛ=êå=ÞßîîÛ=éçìåÞß=çåíîß=öðßìðäáÛíK= bòßçêßæ=êå=äèÞìãèáÛì=éÝâ=îãææäáá=íéç=åÛè=ÜßâöðÛí=äì=ìßáæßì=àöì=Ûîî= áöìÛ=ÛåîïßææÛ=óîîìÛèÞßè=îãææ=êìéÝßííçÛîßìãÛæI=ìßáæßì=éç=êÛìîßìí=ìäîî= Ûîî=îÛ=Þßæ=Ûð=óîîìÛèÞßèI=ìßáæßì=àöì=âïì=åéççãííãéèßèí=éÝâ=Þßè= èÛîãéèßææÛ=åéèåïììßèíçóèÞãáâßîßèí=óîîìÛèÞßè=íåÛææ=ÜßâÛèÞæÛí=ðãÞ= ßè=âïðïÞàöìâÛèÞæãèáI=ìßáæßì=àöì=ãèàéìçÛîãéè=éç=êåáåßèÞß=êìéÝßíJ íßì=íÛçî=ìßáæßì=àöì=ßòêßÞãßìãèá=Ûð=ìßæßðÛèîÛ=ÛðáöìÛèÞßèK=bè=íäìíåãæî= ðãåîãá=Ûíêßåî=äì=Ûîî=öðßìðäáÛ=Üßíîäççßæíßì=íéç=áßì=Þßè=èÛîãéèßææÛ= Þéçíîéæßè=êìéÝßííïßææÛ=Üßàéáßèâßîßì=Ûîî=ÛððãíÛ=óîîìÛèÞßè=ßææßì= Þóæãåî=íéç=ðåææÛì=éæäáßèâßîßì=Ûð=ðãíí=ÜßîóÞßæíß=ã=ìäîîßáåèáßèK=aßííÛ= åÛè=óîîìÛ=íãá=ã=àéìç=Ûð=àöìíßèãèáÛìI=öåÛÞß=åéíîèÛÞßì=àöì=êÛìîßìèÛ= ßææßì=êå=ÛèèÛî=íäîîK=rîìßÞÛìßè=íåÛææ=ÛèÛæóíßìÛ=Þß=àìåáéì=íéç=åÛè= ïêêåéççÛ=çßÞ=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûð=Þß=àöìßíæÛáèÛ=íÛçÛìÜßîíàéìçßìèÛ=éÝâ= öðßìðäáÛ=éç=Þß=íðßèíåÛ=êìéÝßííïßææÛ=ìßáæßìèÛ=Üßâöðßì=àöìäèÞìÛí= íÛçî=ã=àöìßåéççÛèÞß=àÛææ=àöìßíæå=èóÛ=ßææßì=äèÞìÛÞß=ìßáæßìK=

rîìßÞÛìßè=íåÛææ=Þäìïîöðßì=ÛèÛæóíßìÛ=ã=ðãæåßè=ïîíîìäÝåèãèá=Þß=ìßáJ æßì=ã=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=íéç=áäææßì=àöìàÛìÛèÞßî=íÛçî=ìßáæßì=éç=ïèÞßìJ íöåèãèáÛìI=íÛèåîãéèßì=çKçK=åÛè=îãææäçêÛí=éÝâ=äì=äèÞÛçåæíßèæãáÛ= çéî=ÜÛåáìïèÞ=Ûð=Þßè=èóÛ=bdJàöìéìÞèãèáßèK=sãÞÛìß=íåÛææ=ïîìßÞÛìßè= êìöðÛ=éç=Þß=ìßáæßì=éç=ÜãíîåèÞ=îãææ=åéççãííãéèßè=ã=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ= ïèÞßìíöåèãèáÛì=íéç=àãèèí=ã=æÛáßè=éç=îãææäçêèãèáßè=Ûð=bïìéêßãíåÛ= áßçßèíåÛêßìèÛí=åéèåïììßèíJ=éÝâ=íîÛîííîöÞíìßáæßì=Üöì=åéçêæßîîßJ ìÛí=ßææßì=äèÞìÛíK=

aßî=íîåì=ïîìßÞÛìßè=àìãîî=Ûîî=îÛ=ïêê=Þß=óîîßìæãáÛìß=àìåáéì=íéç= Þßèèß=Ûèíßì=Üßâöðßì=öðßìðäáÛí=ãèéç=ìÛçßè=àöì=ïêêÞìÛáßî=íÛçî= àöìßíæå=Þß=äèÞìãèáÛì=Ûð=ìßáßæíóíîßçßî=íéç=ÜßÞöçí=çéîãðßìÛÞßK=

påÛÞßíîåèÞ=

hìßîíßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ßèæãáî=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=

cìåáÛ=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=êå=áìïèÞ=Ûð=öðßìîìäÞßæíß=Ûð=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ= UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=êìöðÛí=ßèæãáî=çßÞæßçííîÛîßìèÛí=èÛîãéèßææÛ=æÛáJ íîãàîèãèáK=

^ð=PP=§=àöìíîÛ=íîóÝåßî=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=àöæäßì=Ûîî=ßîî=àöìßîÛá=íéç= ïêêíåîæãáßè=ßææßì=Ûð=éÛåîíÛçâßî=öðßìîìäÞßì=àöìÜïÞßî=çéî=åéèåïìJ ìßèíÜßáìäèíÛèÞß=ÛðîÛæ=çßææÛè=àöìßîÛá=ßææßì=çãííÜìïå=Ûð=ÞéçãèßJ ìÛèÞß=íîäææèãèá=íåÛææ=ßìíäîîÛ=Þßè=íåÛÞÛ=íéç=Þäìãáßèéç=ïêêåéççßì= àöì=ßîî=ÛèèÛî=àöìßîÛá=ßææßì=ßè=ÛðîÛæíêÛìîK=

bèæãáî=ÛææçäèèÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíìäîîíæãáÛ=êìãèÝãêßì=âÛì=ÜÛìÛ=Þßè=íéç= åÛè=íäáÛí=éçàÛîîÛí=Ûð=æÛáßèí=íåóÞÞíãèîìßííß=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞK=eãî= âöì=ßèæãáî=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ=îãææ=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=åéèåïììßìÛèÞß=àöìßîÛá= çßè=éÝåíå=àöìßîÛá=ã=ÛèÞìÛ=ßææßì=îãÞãáÛìß=íäæäæßÞ=íéç=Üßìöìí=çßì= Þãìßåî=Ûð=àöìàÛìÛèÞßîK=Äðßè=Þßè=íéç=ãèîß=åÛè=Ûèíßí=íéç=àöìßîÛá=ã= æÛáßèí=çßèãèáI=çßè=íéç=îìäààÛî=ÛðîÛæ=çßÞ=àöìßîÛá=íéç=ÞßæîÛì=ã=ßîî= àöìÜäïÞßî=íÛçÛìÜßîßI=åÛè=ßèæãáî=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ=âÛ=ìäîî=îãææ=ßìíäîîèãèá= àöì=Þßè=íåÛÞÛ=íéç=âÛè=ÞìÛÜÜÛîí=Ûð=îãææ=àöæäÞ=Ûð=Þßî=àöìÜäïÞèÛ=íÛçJ ÛìÜßîßîK=aßî=áäææßì=àìäçíî=èäì=Þßî=àöìÜäïÞèÛ=íÛçÛìÜßîßî=äì=ãèìãåîÛî= êå=ßè=ßèíåãæÞ=ÛðîÛæííãîïÛîãéèI=ðÛìðãÞ=ßè=àöìÜäïÞßè=ÛèÜïÞíåÛìîßææ=äì= ßîî=îóÞæãáî=ßòßçêßæ=êå=ÞßîîÛK=lÜßíîäçÞÛ=åìßîíÛì=Ûð=åéèíïçßèîßì= íéç=ãèÞãìßåî=Üßìöìí=Ûð=ßîî=àöìÜäïÞßî=íÛçÛìÜßîß=âÛìI=ßèæãáî=èäçèÞÛ= àöìÛìÜßîßèI=ãèîß=ìäîî=îãææ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞK=aßî=ïîîÛæÛí=ðãÞÛìß=Ûîî=äðßè=éç= ßîî=íóàîß=çßÞ=æÛáßè=äì=Ûîî=àìäçäÛ=Þßî=îéîÛæÛ=åéèíïçßèîãèîìßííßî=åÛè= ÞßííÛ=ãèîß=Ûèíßí=ãèáå=ã=æÛáßèí=íåóÞÞíãèîìßííß=çßÞ=âäèíóè=îãææ=æÛáßèí= ãèìãåîèãèá=êå=àöìâåææÛèÞßèÛ=ãèéç=èäìãèáíæãðßîK=Epß=êìéêK=NVVOLVPWRS= íK=VSKF=

dìïêêîÛæÛè=

aßè=N=äÛèïÛìã=OMMP=îìäÞÞß=æÛáßè=EOMMOWRVVF=éç=áìïêêìäîîßáåèá=ã= åìÛàîK=bè=èó=îÛæßàéìç=J=áìïêêîÛæÛè=J=ãèàöìÞßíK=iÛáßè=ãèàöìÞßí=íéç= ßîî=åéçêæßçßèî=îãææ=Þßî=ðÛèæãáÛ=ìäîîßáåèáíàöìàÛìÛèÞßîK=póàîßî=çßÞ= ìßàéìçßè=äì=óîîßìíî=Ûîî=àöìÜäîîìÛ=áßèéçíæÛáíåìÛàîßè=âéí=ìßÞÛè=áäæJ æÛèÞß=çÛîßìãßææÛ=ìäîîíìßáæßìK=jßÞ=áìïêêîÛæÛè=Ûðíßí=Ûîî=èåáéè=ïîÛè= ìäîîßáåèáíàïææçÛåî=àöì=îÛæÛè=àöì=çßÞæßççÛìèÛ=ã=ßè=áìïêêK=dìïêêJ çßÞæßççÛìèÛ=äì=ãèîß=êÛìîßì=ã=ìäîîßáåèáßè=éÝâ=Üßâöðßì=ãèîß=çßÞJ ðßìåÛ=ÛåîãðîK=bè=Þéç=ã=êìéÝßííßè=áäææßì=çéî=ÛææÛ=íéç=ãèáåì=ã=áìïêJ êßèK=bè=áìïêêîÛæÛè=åÛè=ðäÝåÛí=Ûð=ßèíåãæÞÛ=àóíãíåÛ=éÝâ=äïìãÞãíåÛ=êßìJ

íéèßì=EßèíåãæÞ=áìïêêîÛæÛèFI=éìáÛèãíÛîãéèßì=EéìáÛèãíÛîãéèíîÛæÛèF= ßææßì=çóèÞãáâßîßì=Eéààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛèFK=oßáßìãèáßè=âÛì=ÜßíæïîÛî= Ûîî=îðå=çóèÞãáâßîßì=héèíïçßèîéçÜïÞíçÛèèßè=éÝâ=kÛîïìðåìÞíJ ðßìåßîI=àåì=àöìÛ=éààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛèK=

rêêÞìÛáßî=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=

påÛÞßíîåèÞßî=ãèéç=íðßèíå=åéèåïììßèíìäîî=åÛè=íäáÛí=âÛ=ÜåÞß=ßè= ìßêÛìÛîãð=éÝâ=ßè=êìßðßèîãð=àïèåîãéèK=påÛÞßíîåèÞßî=éÝâ=íåÛÞßíJ îåèÞíêìéÝßííßè=åÛè=ÜãÞìÛ=çßÞ=ßè=êìßðßèîãéèíðßìåÛè=íéç=åéçJ êæßîîßìÛì=éÝâ=àöìíîäìåßì=Þß=éààßèîæãáÛ=íÛèåîãéèßìèÛK=f=ÞÛá=äì=åìßîíßè= Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ßèæãáî=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=ÜßáìäèíÛÞ=éÝâ= Üßíîäççßæíßè=áäææßì=ßèæãáî=àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ=îãææ=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=ãèîß= éÜßíîäçÞÛ=åìßîíÛì=Ûð=åéèíïçßèîßì=íéç=çßì=ãèÞãìßåî=Üßìöìí=Ûð=ßîî= àöìÜäïÞßî=íÛçÛìÜßîßK=

jßÞ=áìïêêîÛæÛèãèíîãîïîßî=åÛè=ßè=åéèíïçßèî=íéç=ãèáåì=ã=ßîî=åéæJ æßåîãð=éÝâ=ßèÞÛíî=âÛì=æãÞãî=ßè=çãèÞìß=íåÛÞÛ=æäîîÛìß=îÛ=îãææ=ðÛìÛ=íãè= ìäîîK=bè=ïîðãÞáèãèá=Ûð=åìßîíßè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ßèæãáî=åéèJ åïììßèíæÛáßè=íåïææß=Þäìàöì=åïèèÛ=àå=ßîî=ÛèèÛî=áßèéçíæÛá=çßÞ=Þßè= èóÛ=æÛáíîãàîèãèáßè=äè=ðÛÞ=íéç=îãÞãáÛìß=ðÛìãî=çöäæãáîK=^íêßåîßì=íéç= çåíîß=ÜßÛåîÛí=äì=ÞéÝå=åéèíïçßèîßìèÛí=çöäæãáâßîßì=Ûîî=ÜßðãíÛ=íåÛJ ÞÛèí=íîéìæßå=éÝâ=éìíÛåííÛçÜÛèÞßîK=

bààßåîßìèÛ=Ûð=ßè=öåèãèá=Ûð=åìßîíßè=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=ßèæãáî= åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=äìI=äðßè=çßÞ=Þßî=èóÛ=ãèíîãîïîßî=áìïêêîÛæÛèI=íðåìÛ= Ûîî=àöìïîíßK=aéÝå=åÛè=êéíãîãðÛ=ðßìåèãèáÛì=ã=àéìç=Ûð=öåÛÞ=ìßêÛìÛîãð= ßààßåî=îäèåÛí=ïêêíîåK=Äðßè=Þßè=êìßðßèîãðÛ=ßààßåîßè=åÛè=åéççÛ=Ûîî= öåÛ=ßàîßìíéç=àöìßîÛá=íéç=Üìóîßì=çéî=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=ïîöðßì=Ûîî= ÜßîÛæÛ=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ìãíåßìÛì=Ûîî=àå=ÜßîÛæÛ=íåÛÞßíîåèÞ=îãææ=ßè= ÜìßÞÛìß=åìßîí=äè=èïK=bààßåîßìèÛ=Ûð=ÞßîîÛI=äðßè=çßÞ=Þßî=èóÛ=ãèíîãîïJ îßî=áìïêêîÛæÛèI=äì=ÞéÝå=íðåìÛ=Ûîî=àöìïîíßK=jéî=ÞßèèÛ=ÜÛåáìïèÞ=éÝâ= Þß=èóÛ=çöäæãáâßîßì=ãèíîãîïîßî=áìïêêîÛæÛè=ßìÜäïÞßì=àãèèí=Þßî=íåäæ=Ûîî= íß=öðßì=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßèí=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßíîäççßæíß=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=åìßîJ íßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíÜßìäîîãáÛÞßK=rîìßÞÛìßè=íåÛææ=áöìÛ=ßè=ÛææíãÞãá= êìöðèãèá=Ûð=àìåáÛè=éÝâI=éç=Þßî=Ûèíßí=æäçêæãáîI=àöìßíæå=äèÞìÛÞ= ìßáæßìãèáK=cöì=Þßî=àÛææ=ïîìßÞÛìßè=àãèèßì=Ûîî=áìïêêßè=Ûð=íåÛÞßíîåèÞíJ ÜßìäîîãáÛÞß=Üöì=ïîðãÞáÛí=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=åéèíïçßèîßìI=íåÛææ=ïîìßÞÛìßè= éÝåíå=êìöðÛ=éç=Þßî=äì=æäçêæãáî=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=áßí=çöäæãáâßî= Ûîî=àöìÛ=éààßèîæãá=áìïêêîÛæÛè=ßèæãáî=æÛáßè=éç=áìïêêìäîîßáåèáK=

^èÞìÛ=àìåáéì=

_ÛåáìïèÞ=

sãåîßè=Ûð=ìäîîíæãåâßî=çßææÛè=Þßî=áßçßèíåÛêíìäîîíæãáÛ=ìßáßæðßìåßî= éÝâ=Þß=íðßèíåÛ=åéèåïììßèíìßáæßìèÛ=âÛì=ïèÞßìíîìïåãîí=ã=àæßìÛ=æÛáJ íîãàîèãèáííÛççÛèâÛèáK=f=ðãííÛ=ÛðíßßèÞßè=íîäççßì=ÞéÝå=ãèîß=Þßè= íðßèíåÛ=æÛáíîãàîèãèáßè=çßÞ=bdJìäîîßèK=aßîîÛ=åÛè=Üßìé=êå=çßÞðßîèÛ= íîäææèãèáíîÛáÛèÞßè=ßææßì=êå=Ûîî=bdJìäîîíæãá=êìÛòãí=äèÞìÛîí=êå=ßîî= íåÞÛèî=íäîî=Ûîî=Þßè=íðßèíåÛ=ìßáæßìãèáßè=åÛè=ÜßâöðÛ=éçêìöðÛíK=

_ßìäåèãèá=Ûð=Üöîßì=ìßíêßåîãðß=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìJ âåææÛèÞßè=

aß=áìïèÞæäááÛèÞß=àöìïîíäîîèãèáÛìèÛ=àöì=Ûîî=ÞöçÛ=ïî=Üöîßì=ßèæãáî= bdJìäîîßè=ìßíêßåîãðß=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàî=ßèæãáî=åéèåïììßèíæÛJ áßè=îéìÞß=ðÛìÛ=ÞßíÛççÛK=héèåïììßèíæÛáßèí=ìßáæßì=éç=íîéìæßåßè=êå= åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=äì=ã=íîéìî=íßîî=ãÞßèîãíåÛ=çßÞ=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß= Üßíîäççßæíßì=ã=bdJìäîîßèK=aßî=àãèèí=ßçßææßìîãÞ=ßè=íåãææèÛÞK=bèæãáî= àöìÛìÜßîßèÛ=îãææ=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=EêìéêK=NVVOLVPWRS=íK=VPF=íåÛææ= ßèÞÛíî=Þßî=ÜßìöìÞÛ=àöìßîÛáßîí=éçíäîîèãèá=ÜßÛåîÛí=èäì=Ûðáãàîßè= ÜßíîäçíK=bèæãáî=bdJìäîîíæãá=êìÛòãí=åÛè=Þäìßçéî=ßè=âßæ=åéèÝßìèí= éçíäîîèãèá=æãááÛ=îãææ=áìïèÞ=àöì=Üßìäåèãèáßè=Ûð=ÜöîßìK=f=íÛçÜÛèÞ= çßÞ=Ûîî=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=áÛðí=ìäîî=Ûîî=îãææäçêÛ=ÛìîãåæÛìèÛ=UN=éÝâ= UO=ã=bdJàöìÞìÛáßî=áäéìÞß=ìßáßìãèáßè=Þßè=ÜßÞöçèãèáßè=Ûîî=åéèåïìJ ìßèíæÛáßèí=èïðÛìÛèÞß=Üßíîäççßæíßì=éç=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßì= ðÛì=îãææìäÝåæãáî=ðßìåèãèáíàïææÛ=àöì=Ûîî=åïèèÛ=îãææäçêÛí=êå=öðßìîìäÞßæJ íßì=Ûð=bdJìäîîßèK=

mìöðèãèá=Ûð=ÛÝÝßííéìãíåÛ=ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛì=ã=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ=àöìßîÛáíåéèJ ÝßèîìÛîãéèßì=

bè=àöìßîÛáíåéèÝßèîìÛîãéè=íåÛææ=ßèæãáî=PQ=Û=§=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=åéèåïìJ ìßèíæÛáßè=àöìÜäïÞÛí=éç=Þßè=âÛì=ðãííÛ=èßáÛîãðÛ=ßààßåîßì=êå=åéèåïìJ ìßèíßèK=bèæãáî=PQ=Ü=§=ÛèÞìÛ=íîóÝåßî=íÛççÛ=æÛá=íåÛææ=ßîî=Üßíæïî=Ûð= héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=Ûîî=æäçèÛ=ßè=àöìßîÛáíåéèÝßèîìÛîãéè=ïîÛè=åîáäìÞ= äðßè=éçàÛîîÛ=íåÞÛèÛ=ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛì=íéç=âÛì=Þãìßåî=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ= éÝâ=äì=èöÞðäèÞãáÛ=àöì=áßèéçàöìÛèÞßî=Ûð=Þßè=ÛèçäæÞÛ=åéèÝßèîìÛJ îãéèßèK=_ßíîäççßæíßè=ãèàöìÞßí=Þßè=N=Ûêìãæ=OMMM=ã=íÛçÜÛèÞ=çßÞ= öðßìáåèáßè=îãææ=Üßáìßêêßî=àöìßîÛáíåéèÝßèîìÛîãéè=éÝâ=çéîíðÛìÛí=Ûð=

Ûìîãåßæ=UKO=ã=ìåÞßîí=àöìéìÞèãèá=EbbdF=èì=QMSQLUV=Ûð=Þßè=ON=ÞßÝßçJ Üßì=NVUV=éç=åéèîìéææ=Ûð=àöìßîÛáíåéèÝßèîìÛîãéèßìK

4

=oßáßìãèáßè=

Ûèíåá=Ûîî=Þßî=àÛèèí=íîÛìåÛ=íåäæ=àöì=Ûîî=äðßè=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì=ÛÝÝßííéJ ìãíåÛ=ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛì=ãèàöìÛ=ßè=èÛîãéèßææ=éìÞèãèá=íéç=èäìÛ=öðßìßèíJ íîäççßì=çßÞ=áßçßèíåÛêíìäîîßèK=oßáßìãèáßè=âäèðãíÛÞß=îãææ=Ûîî= åéççãííãéèßèí=ÞåðÛìÛèÞß=îãææåäèèÛáãðÛèÞß=éç=ÛÝÝßííéìãíåÛ= ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛì

5

=ÜéìÞß=áß=ðäìÞßàïææ=ðäáæßÞèãèá=éÝåíå=ðãÞ=êìöðèãèáßè=

Ûð=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=àìåáéì=ßèæãáî=åéèåïììßèíæÛáßè=éÝâ=Ûîî=ìßáæßì=ÜéìÞß= ãèàöìÛí=éç=Ûîî=êìöðÛ=ÛÝÝßííéìãíåÛ=ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛì=ãèéç=ìÛçßè=àöì= åéèÝßèîìÛîãéèíêìöðèãèáßèK=

f=æãèäß=çßÞ=ÛìÜßîßî=çßÞ=Þßè=èóÛ=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáßè=âÛì= åéççãííãéèßè=èï=ÛèîÛáãî=ßè=èó=êéæãÝó=àöì=ÜßâÛèÞæãèáßè=Ûð=ÛÝÝßííéJ ìãíåÛ=ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛì

6

K=f=àéìîíäîîèãèáßè=Ûðíßì=åéççãííãéèßè=Ûîî=ãèîß=ã=

íãèÛ=Üßíæïî=ã=åéèÝßèîìÛîãéèíäìßèÞßè=áöìÛ=èåáéè=ÜßÞöçèãèá=Ûð= ÛÝÝßííéìãíåÛ=ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛìK=

rêêÞìÛáßî=ã=öðìãáî=

sãåîßè=Ûð=ìäîîíæãåâßî=çßææÛè=Þßî=áßçßèíåÛêíìäîîíæãáÛ=ìßáßæðßìåßî= éÝâ=Þßî=íðßèíåÛ=âÛì=ïèÞßìíîìïåãîí=ã=àæßìÛ=æÛáíîãàîèãèáííÛççÛèâÛèá= íÛçîãÞãáî=íéç=ìßáæßìèÛ=éç=âïì=åéèåïììßèííåÛÞßÛðáãàîßèí=íîéìæßå= Üßíîäçí=äì=ÜßîóÞßæíßàïææÛ=àöì=íÛèåîãéèßìèÛí=ßààßåîãðãîßîK=rîìßÞÛìßè= íåÛææ=Þäìàöì=öðßìðäáÛ=éç=Þßî=àãèèí=ÛèæßÞèãèá=îãææ=ßîî=ÛèèÛî=íîäææJ èãèáíîÛáÛèÞß=äè=îãÞãáÛìß=ã=àìåáÛ=éç=íäîîßî=Ûîî=ÜßìäåèÛ=åéèåïììßèíJ íåÛÞßÛðáãàîßè=ã=åéèÝßìèàöìâåææÛèÞßèK=

aß=àöìäèÞìãèáÛì=íéç=íåßîî=ã=bdJìäîîíæãá=êìÛòãí=èäì=Þßî=áäææßì= ÛÝÝßííéìãíåÛ=ÜßáìäèíèãèáÛì=ãèèßÜäì=Ûîî=çéîíðÛìÛèÞß=àöìäèÞìãèáÛì= Üöì=öðßìðäáÛí=èÛîãéèßææîK=f=ÞßîîÛ=íÛççÛèâÛèá=Üæãì=Þßî=Ûåîïßææî=Ûîî=íß= öðßì=éç=àöìäèÞìãèáÛì=åìäðí=ã=Þßè=íðßèíåÛ=æÛáíîãàîèãèáßèK=

rîìßÞÛìßè=àåì=àöìßíæå=äèÞìãèáÛì=Ûð=ìßáßæíóíîßçßî=äðßè=ã=ÛèÞìÛ= ÛðíßßèÞßè=éç=Þßî=ðãíÛì=íãá=Ûîî=Þßî=àãèèí=íåãææèÛÞßì=çßææÛè=bdJìäîîßè= éÝâ=Þßè=èÛîãéèßææÛ=ìäîîßèK=

4

EGT L 395, 30.12.1989 s. 1 (Celex 31989R4064).

5

Commission notice regarding restictions ancillary to concentrations OJ C 203, 14.8.1993,

p.5.

6

Kommissionens tilkännagivande om begränsningar som har direkt samband med och är

nödvändiga för genomförandet av en koncentration, EGT C 188, 4.7.2001, s.5.

héèíßåðßèíÜßíåìãðèãèá=

rîìßÞÛìßè=íåÛææ=ÜßæóíÛ=åéèíßåðßèíßìèÛ=Ûð=îãææäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞJ èãèáßè=éÝâ=æäçèÛÞß=àöìíæÛá=àöì=héèåïììßèíðßìåßîíI=pîéÝåâéæçí= îãèáíìäîîí=éÝâ=jÛìåèÛÞíÞéçíîéæßèí=ðßìåíÛçâßîK=rîìßÞÛìßè=íåÛææ= íäìíåãæî=ïêêçäìåíÛççÛ=ÜïÞáßîäìÛ=åéèíßåðßèíßì=Ûð=íåÞÛèÛ=ïîÜãæÞJ èãèáíãèíÛîíßì=íéç=åÛè=ÜßâöðÛíK=rîìßÞÛìßè=íåÛææ=éÝåíå=ïêêçäìåJ íÛççÛ=âïì=àöìäèÞìãèáÛìèÛ=ã=öðìãáî=êåðßìåÛì=ãÛèíêìååîÛáÛèÞßî=Ûð= ìßíïìíßì=ãèéç=héèåïììßèíðßìåßî=éÝâ=Þß=îãææäçêÛèÞß=ÞéçíîéæÛìèÛK= cöì=ßðßèîïßææÛ=ÜïÞáßîäìÛ=åéèíßåðßèíßì=íåÛææ=ïîìßÞÛìßè=àöìßíæå= àãèÛèíãßìãèáK=rîìßÞÛìßè=íåÛææI=ðÛÞ=áäææßì=ìßÞéðãíèãèá=Ûð=àöìíæÛáßîí= åéèíßåðßèíßì=àöì=íçå=àöìßîÛáI=íÛçìåÞÛ=çßÞ=käìãèáíæãðßîí=èäçèÞ= àöì=ìßáßæáìÛèíåèãèáK=

oßÞéðãíèãèá=Ûð=ïêêÞìÛáßî=

rîìßÞÛìßè=íåÛææ=ìßÞéðãíÛ=íãîî=ïêêÞìÛá=çßÞ=ÛèæßÞèãèá=Ûð=ßè=èó=îãæJ æäçêèãèáíàöìéìÞèãèáI=Þäì=íðßèíåÛ=ìßáßæàöìäèÞìãèáÛì=ÜßÞöçí=èöÞJ ðäèÞãáÛ=ãèàöì=àöìéìÞèãèáßèí=îãææäçêèãèáI=íßèÛíî=Þßè=PN=äïæã=OMMP= éÝâ=ã=öðìãáî=íßèÛíî=Þßè=PN=äÛèïÛìã=OMMQK=

=EkäìãèáíÞßêÛìîßçßèîßîF=